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Ghanbari-Movahed M, Kaceli T, Mondal A, Farzaei MH, Bishayee A. Recent Advances in Improved Anticancer Efficacies of Camptothecin Nano-Formulations: A Systematic Review. Biomedicines 2021; 9:480. [PMID: 33925750 PMCID: PMC8146681 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9050480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Camptothecin (CPT), a natural plant alkaloid, has indicated potent antitumor activities via targeting intracellular topoisomerase I. The promise that CPT holds in therapies is restricted through factors that include lactone ring instability and water insolubility, which limits the drug oral solubility and bioavailability in blood plasma. Novel strategies involving CPT pharmacological and low doses combined with nanoparticles have indicated potent anticancer activity in vitro and in vivo. This systematic review aims to provide a comprehensive and critical evaluation of the anticancer ability of nano-CPT in various cancers as a novel and more efficient natural compound for drug development. Studies were identified through systematic searches of PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect. Eligibility checks were performed based on predefined selection criteria. Eighty-two papers were included in this systematic review. There was strong evidence for the association between antitumor activity and CPT treatment. Furthermore, studies indicated that CPT nano-formulations have higher antitumor activity in comparison to free CPT, which results in enhanced efficacy for cancer treatment. The results of our study indicate that CPT nano-formulations are a potent candidate for cancer treatment and may provide further support for the clinical application of natural antitumor agents with passive targeting of tumors in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ghanbari-Movahed
- Medical Technology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran;
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, Rasht 4193833697, Iran
| | - Tea Kaceli
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA;
| | - Arijit Mondal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Bengal College of Pharmaceutical Technology, Dubrajpur 731123, India;
| | - Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Medical Technology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran;
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA;
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Ghanbari-Movahed M, Jackson G, Farzaei MH, Bishayee A. A Systematic Review of the Preventive and Therapeutic Effects of Naringin Against Human Malignancies. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:639840. [PMID: 33854437 PMCID: PMC8039459 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.639840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Natural product-based cancer preventive and therapeutic entities, such as flavonoids and their derivatives, are shown to have a noticeable capability to suppress tumor formation and cancer cell growth. Naringin, a natural flavanone glycoside present in various plant species, has been indicated to modulate different signaling pathways and interact with numerous cell signaling molecules, which allows for an extensive variety of pharmacological actions, such as amelioration of inflammation, oxidative stress, metabolic syndromes, bone disorders, and cancer. The purpose of this systematic review is to present a critical and comprehensive assessment of the antitumor ability of naringin and associated molecular targets in various cancers. Methods: Studies were identified through systematic searches of Science Direct, PubMed, and Scopus as well as eligibility checks according to predefined selection criteria. Results: Eighty-seven studies were included in this systematic review. There was strong evidence for the association between treatment with naringin alone, or combined with other drugs and antitumor activity. Additionally, studies showed that naringin-metal complexes have greater anticancer effects compared to free naringin. It has been demonstrated that naringin employs multitargeted mechanisms to hamper cancer initiation, promotion, and progression through modulation of several dysregulated signaling cascades implicated in cell proliferation, autophagy, apoptosis, inflammation, angiogenesis, metastasis, and invasion. Conclusion: The results of our work show that naringin is a promising candidate for cancer prevention and treatment, and might offer substantial support for the clinical application of this phytocompound in the future. Nevertheless, further preclinical and clinical studies as well as drug delivery approaches are needed for designing novel formulations of naringin to realize the full potential of this flavonoid in cancer prevention and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ghanbari-Movahed
- Medical Technology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - Gloria Jackson
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL, United States
| | - Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Medical Technology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL, United States
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Simeone E, Scognamiglio G, Capone M, Giannarelli D, Grimaldi AM, Mallardo D, Madonna G, Curvietto M, Esposito A, Sandomenico F, Sabbatino F, Bayless NL, Warren S, Ong S, Botti G, Flaherty KT, Ferrone S, Ascierto PA. A monocentric phase I study of vemurafenib plus cobimetinib plus PEG-interferon (VEMUPLINT) in advanced melanoma patients harboring the V600BRAF mutation. J Transl Med 2021; 19:17. [PMID: 33407577 PMCID: PMC7789377 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02680-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies carried out in vitro and in a mouse model have shown that BRAF inhibitors enhance the effects of IFN-α on BRAFV600E melanoma cells through the inhibition of ERK. Therefore, the combination of vemurafenib and IFN-α in patients with BRAFV600E melanoma may provide therapeutic benefits; MEK inhibition may prevent the reactivation of the MAPK pathway induced by BRAF inhibitor resistance. PATIENTS AND METHODS In a phase I study, adult patients with advanced BRAFV600-mutated melanoma were treated with vemurafenib + PEG-IFN-α-2b or vemurafenib + cobimetinib + PEG-IFN-α-2b, to assess the safety of the combination and the upregulation of IFN-α/β receptor-1 (IFNAR1). RESULTS Eight patients were treated; 59 adverse events with four serious ones (three related to study treatments) were reported. Patients with a pre-treatment IFNAR1 expression on ≤ 35% melanoma cells had a median progression-free survival of 12.0 months (range: 5.6-18.4 months) and a median overall survival of 31.0 months (range: 19.8-42.2 months), while patients with a pre-treatment IFNAR1 expression on > 35% of melanoma cells had a median progression-free survival of 4.0 months (range: 0-8.8; p = 0.03), and a median overall survival of 5 months (p = 0.02). Following treatment, responders had higher levels of growth-suppressor genes, including GAS1 and DUSP1, and genes involved in a metabolically robust immune response, including FAP. CONCLUSION Our study supports the overall safety of the vemurafenib + PEG-IFN-α-2b + cobimetinib combination. IFNAR1 expression levels correlated with response to treatment, including survival. Vemurafenib + PEG-IFN-α-2b + cobimetinib would have difficulty finding a niche in the current treatment scenario for advanced melanoma, but we speculate that our findings may contribute to identify subjects particularly responsive to treatment. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01959633). Registered 10 October 2013, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01959633.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Simeone
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori–IRCCS–Fondazione G Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Gabriele Madonna
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori–IRCCS–Fondazione G Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Assunta Esposito
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori–IRCCS–Fondazione G Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - SuFey Ong
- NanoString Technologies, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Gerardo Botti
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori–IRCCS–Fondazione G Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Soldano Ferrone
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, MA USA
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Sanlorenzo M, Vujic I, Carnevale-Schianca F, Quaglino P, Gammaitoni L, Fierro MT, Aglietta M, Sangiolo D. Role of interferon in melanoma: old hopes and new perspectives. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2017; 17:475-483. [PMID: 28274138 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2017.1289169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Interferons (IFNs) play a key role in modulating anti-microbial and antitumor immune responses. In oncology, past attempts to exploit IFNs therapeutically did not fulfill expectations, and had only modest clinical results, mostly limited to adjuvant melanoma treatment. The recent successes of immunotherapy in oncology have brought new attention to the potential of immune-modulatory agents like the IFNs. Areas covered: The authors review the biological effects of IFN on melanoma and immune cells. Then, the authors summarize the clinical results of adjuvant and therapeutic IFN in melanoma, giving focus to possible prognostic factors and new on-going clinical trials. Expert opinion: IFNs offer intriguing opportunities for synergism between conventional treatments and recently introduced molecular-targeted and immunotherapy approaches. However, the full comprehension of all IFN effects and their multiple biologic links is challenging. A strong commitment toward parallel translational research is needed to facilitate the interpretation of IFN's expected and unexpected effects, guiding the rational design of informative clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Sanlorenzo
- a Department of Oncology , University of Torino , Candiolo , Torino , Italy.,b Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology , University of Turin , Torino , Italy.,c Division of Medical Oncology, Experimental Cell Therapy , Candiolo Cancer Institute , Candiolo , Torino , Italy
| | - Igor Vujic
- d School of Medicine , Sigmund Freud University , Vienna , Austria.,e Department of Dermatology , The Rudolfstiftung Hospital, Academic Teaching Hospital, Medical University Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Fabrizio Carnevale-Schianca
- c Division of Medical Oncology, Experimental Cell Therapy , Candiolo Cancer Institute , Candiolo , Torino , Italy
| | - Pietro Quaglino
- b Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology , University of Turin , Torino , Italy
| | - Loretta Gammaitoni
- c Division of Medical Oncology, Experimental Cell Therapy , Candiolo Cancer Institute , Candiolo , Torino , Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Fierro
- b Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology , University of Turin , Torino , Italy
| | - Massimo Aglietta
- a Department of Oncology , University of Torino , Candiolo , Torino , Italy.,c Division of Medical Oncology, Experimental Cell Therapy , Candiolo Cancer Institute , Candiolo , Torino , Italy
| | - Dario Sangiolo
- a Department of Oncology , University of Torino , Candiolo , Torino , Italy.,c Division of Medical Oncology, Experimental Cell Therapy , Candiolo Cancer Institute , Candiolo , Torino , Italy
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Shi J, Guo B, Zhang Y, Hui Q, Chang P, Tao K. Guanine nucleotide exchange factor H1 can be a new biomarker of melanoma. Biologics 2016; 10:89-98. [PMID: 27462139 PMCID: PMC4939981 DOI: 10.2147/btt.s109643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Guanine nucleotide exchange factor H1 (GEF-H1), which couples microtubule dynamics to RhoA activation, is a microtubule-regulated exchange factor. Studies have shown that GEF-H1 can be involved in various cancer pathways; however, the clinical significance of GEF-H1 expression and functions in melanoma has not been established. In this study, we investigated the relationship between clinical outcomes and GEF-H1 functions in melanoma. A total of 60 cases of different grades of melanoma samples were used to detect the expression of GEF-H1. Results showed that both messenger RNA and protein levels of GEF-H1 were significantly higher in high-grade melanomas. Furthermore, patients with high GEF-H1 expression had a shorter overall survival (22 months) than patients with low level of GEF-H1 expression (33.38 months). We also found that GEF-H1 can promote the proliferation and metastasis of melanoma cells. In summary, these results suggested that GEF-H1 may be a valuable biomarker for assessing the degree and prognosis of melanoma following surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Shi
- Reconstructive and Plastic Surgery, The General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bingyu Guo
- Reconstructive and Plastic Surgery, The General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Reconstructive and Plastic Surgery, The General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Hui
- Reconstructive and Plastic Surgery, The General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Chang
- Reconstructive and Plastic Surgery, The General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kai Tao
- Reconstructive and Plastic Surgery, The General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
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Sauvain MO, Tschirky S, Patak MA, Clavien PA, Hahnloser D, Muller MK. Acute appendicitis in overweight patients: the role of preoperative imaging. Patient Saf Surg 2016; 10:13. [PMID: 27190551 PMCID: PMC4869359 DOI: 10.1186/s13037-016-0102-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The diagnosis of acute appendicitis in overweight patients is challenging due to the limited value of the clinical examination. The benefits of ultrasonography and abdominal CT have been studied in the general population, but there is limited data regarding their use in overweight and obese patients with suspected appendicitis. This study analyzes the role of preoperative radiological modalities in overweight patients with suspected appendicitis. Methods Retrospective analysis of a prospectively acquired database including 705 patients operated for suspected acute appendicitis. Patients were divided into two groups according to their BMI (BMI ≥25 kg/m2 (n = 242) and BMI <25 kg/m2 (n = 463)). The use of preoperative radiological modalities, laboratory findings and outcome parameters were analyzed. Results Ultrasonography was the preferred radiological assessment in our cohort (68 % in BMI <25 kg/m and 52.4 % in BMI ≥25 kg/m2). However, it was non-conclusive in 42 % of overweight as compared to 6 % in patients with a BMI < 25 (p < 0.0001). This difference was particularly obvious between female patients (8 % of non-conclusive US for BMI <25 kg/m2 vs 52 % for BMI ≥25 kg/m2, p < 0.0001). Significantly more CT scans were performed in overweight patients (37 % vs. 20 %; p <0.0001). The accuracy of CT did not differ according to BMI (85 % vs. 88 %; p = 0.76). Preoperative radiological imaging did not significantly delay surgery. Laparoscopy was the preferred approach for both groups (98.2 % vs 98.7 %, P = 0.86) with an overall conversion rate of 4 %. The overall rate of negative appendectomy was 10 %. Conclusions The role of ultrasonography in patients with BMI ≥25 kg/m2 with suspected acute appendicitis is questionable due to its high rate of non-conclusive findings. Therefore, abdominal CT scans should be preferred to investigate suspected appendicitis in overweight patient if clinical findings are not conclusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc-Olivier Sauvain
- Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland ; Department of Visceral Surgery, University Hospital CHUV, Switzerland Rue du Bugnon 46, CH- 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Tschirky
- Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Pierre-Alain Clavien
- Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dieter Hahnloser
- Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland ; Department of Visceral Surgery, University Hospital CHUV, Switzerland Rue du Bugnon 46, CH- 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Markus K Muller
- Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland ; Cantonal Hospital Frauenfeld, Frauenfeld, Switzerland
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Abstract
The treatment of metastatic melanoma is rapidly changing. In 2002, the BRAF mutation was described in over 50% of melanomas and led to the first BRAF inhibitor, vemurafenib, being approved for clinical use in 2011. Clinical responses are often rapid but duration of response is limited due to the development of resistance. MEK is the next downstream target from BRAF in the MAP kinase pathway. Trametinib was the first MEK inhibitor to be approved for clinical use in 2013. Preclinical studies demonstrated a delay in resistance and a reduction in cutaneous toxicity by combined BRAF and MEK inhibition. Here, we review the rationale for clinical development of trametinib and give an update on recent clinical trials of trametinib alone and in combination with braf inhibition in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Chopra
- Mount Vernon Hospital, Medical Oncology, Rickmansworth Road, Northwood, Middlesex, HA6 2RN, UK
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Guo B, Zhang Y, Hui Q, Wang H, Tao K. Naringin suppresses the metabolism of A375 cells by inhibiting the phosphorylation of c-Src. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:3841-50. [PMID: 26476533 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4235-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevation of glycolysis, increase in lactic acid production, and enhancement of mitochondrial biogenesis are all the changes of energy metabolism of melanoma cells. Melanoma cells' metabolism and energy production networks play an important role in cancer proliferation, survival, motility, invasiveness, metastasis, and angiogenesis. Since the Warburg theory was put forward in the 1930s, more researchers focus on finding new ways for effectively eliminating cancer cells by targeting their energy metabolism. In this study, we found naringin has the inhibitory effects on the glucose metabolism of A375 cells, a melanoma cell line, in a concentration-dependent manner. We also found that naringin could significantly reduce the phosphorylation of c-Src. In summary, we demonstrated that naringin inhibits the malignant phenotype of A375 cells by suppressing c-Src and its downstream signaling pathway. More importantly, we provide the novel mechanism that, as a natural inhibitor of c-Src, naringin could be an effective candidate for the treatment of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyu Guo
- Reconstructive and Plastic Surgery, The General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, 83#Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Reconstructive and Plastic Surgery, The General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, 83#Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Hui
- Reconstructive and Plastic Surgery, The General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, 83#Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyi Wang
- Reconstructive and Plastic Surgery, The General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, 83#Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Tao
- Reconstructive and Plastic Surgery, The General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, 83#Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, People's Republic of China.
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Choi YM, Wu JJ. Trends in the frequency of original research in acne vulgaris, rosacea, dermatitis, psoriasis, skin cancer, and skin infections, 1970-2010. Perm J 2015; 19:44-7. [PMID: 25663204 DOI: 10.7812/tpp/14-104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Medical journals have allowed researchers to share their latest discoveries, especially in the most common diseases affecting patients worldwide. OBJECTIVE To analyze trends in the frequency of original research into common dermatologic diseases from 1970 to 2010. DESIGN A retrospective review of the Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology and the Archives of Dermatology was performed using the MEDLINE database. All original research articles published between 1970 and 2010, by quinquennium, dealing with acne vulgaris, rosacea, skin cancer, dermatitis, psoriasis, or skin infections were included. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Total number of publications dealing with each dermatologic topic considered. RESULTS The frequency of research into acne vulgaris and rosacea decreased from 24% in 1970 to 5.1% in 2010. Psoriasis research increased in frequency from 17.6% to 26.5% from 2000 to 2010, and skin cancer research increased from 4% in 1970 to 48% in 2010. CONCLUSIONS Topics that experienced early advancements in research, such as acne vulgaris and rosacea, demonstrated a decreasing trend in the frequency of publication. Published psoriasis research has increased in frequency since 2000, most likely because of the discovery of biologics. Finally, skin cancer research has continued to increase in frequency of publication, paralleling the increasing incidence of skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young M Choi
- Clinical Research Fellow in Dermatology at the Los Angeles Medical Center in CA and a Fourth-Year Medical Student at the David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles.
| | - Jashin J Wu
- Director of Dermatology Research for the Department of Dermatology at the Los Angeles Medical Center in CA.
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Overcoming resistance to BRAF inhibition in BRAF-mutated metastatic melanoma. Oncotarget 2015; 5:10206-21. [PMID: 25344914 PMCID: PMC4279367 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Almost 50% of metastatic melanoma patients harbor a BRAF(V600) mutation and the introduction of BRAF inhibitors has improved their treatment options. BRAF inhibitors vemurafenib and dabrafenib achieved improved overall survival over chemotherapy and have been approved for the treatment of BRAF-mutated metastatic melanoma. However, most patients develop mechanisms of acquired resistance and about 15% of them do not achieve tumor regression at all, due to intrinsic resistance to therapy. Moreover, early adaptive responses limit the initial efficacy of BRAF inhibition, leading mostly to incomplete responses that may favor the selection of a sub-population of resistant clones and the acquisition of alterations that cause tumor regrowth and progressive disease. The purpose of this paper is to review the mechanisms of resistance to therapy with BRAF inhibitors and to discuss the strategies to overcome them based on pre-clinical and clinical evidences.
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Romano S, D'Angelillo A, Staibano S, Simeone E, D'Arrigo P, Ascierto PA, Scalvenzi M, Mascolo M, Ilardi G, Merolla F, Jovarauskaite E, Romano MF. Immunomodulatory pathways regulate expression of a spliced FKBP51 isoform in lymphocytes of melanoma patients. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2015; 28:442-52. [PMID: 25895097 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
FKBP51 (gene FKBP5) is an immunophilin capable of immunosuppression expressed in melanoma and lymphocytes. We found increased levels of a spliced FKBP5 variant in the PBMCs of 124 patients with melanoma. This variant encodes for an unknown isoform (FKBP51s). We hypothesized that FKBP51s resulted from tumour interaction with immune cells, through PDL-1/PD-1. To address this issue, we performed melanoma/PBMC cocultures. Furthermore, the immunohistochemistry of 76 melanoma specimens served to investigate whether FKBP51s stained tumour infiltrating lymphocytes. Our results showed that PBMCs expressed FKBP51s when cocultured with melanoma. Tumour PDL-1 knockdown or anti-PD-1 reduced FKBP51s expression in cocultured PBMCs. IHC showed a strong FKBP51s signal in tumour infiltrating lymphocytes, and lymphocytes of the invasion front of the tumour, along with melanoma PDL-1 expression. When overexpressed in melanoma, FKBP51s facilitated PDL-1 expression on the cell surface. In conclusion, our study shows that FKBP51s marks the PBMCs of patients with melanoma and is exploited by the tumour to immunomodulate through PDL-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Romano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Anna D'Angelillo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, Federico II University, Naples, Italy.,Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Staibano
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Ester Simeone
- Melanoma Unit, National Cancer Institute 'G. Pascale Foundation', Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo D'Arrigo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Massimiliano Scalvenzi
- Dermatology Section, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Massimo Mascolo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Gennaro Ilardi
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Merolla
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Egle Jovarauskaite
- Department of Biological Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Maria Fiammetta Romano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
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12
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Choi YM, Namavar AA, Wu JJ. Most common dermatologic topics published in five high-impact general medical journals, 1970-2012: melanoma, psoriasis, herpes simplex, herpes zoster, and acne. Perm J 2015; 18:29-31. [PMID: 25662523 DOI: 10.7812/tpp/14-056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT General practitioners frequently encounter skin diseases and are accustomed to diagnosing the most common dermatologic conditions. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine the most common dermatologic topics published in five high-impact general medical journals (New England Journal of Medicine, The Lancet, the Journal of the American Medical Association, British Medical Journal (now The BMJ), and Annals of Internal Medicine). DESIGN We conducted an independent search of the Thomson Reuters’ Science Citation Index for common dermatologic topics, limited to the period 1970 to 2012. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Total number of publications dealing with each dermatologic topic considered. RESULTS The five most common dermatologic topics published were melanoma, psoriasis, herpes simplex, herpes zoster, and acne. Melanoma and psoriasis were the top two dermatologic topics published in each journal except for Annals of Internal Medicine. CONCLUSIONS Internists frequently diagnose herpes simplex, herpes zoster, and acne, which are also common dermatologic topics published. Although internists infrequently diagnose melanoma and psoriasis, they are major topics for general medical journals because of their increased community awareness, major advancements in therapeutic research, and their nondermatologic manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young M Choi
- Clinical Research Fellow in Dermatology at the Los Angeles Medical Center in CA and a Fourth-Year Medical Student at the David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles.
| | - Aram A Namavar
- Student of Global Medicine at the Keck School of Medicine in Los Angeles, CA.
| | - Jashin J Wu
- Director of Dermatology Research at the Los Angeles Medical Center in CA.
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Manca A, Lissia A, Capone M, Ascierto PA, Botti G, Caracò C, Stanganelli I, Colombino M, Sini M, Cossu A, Palmieri G. Activating PIK3CA mutations coexist with BRAF or NRAS mutations in a limited fraction of melanomas. J Transl Med 2015; 13:37. [PMID: 25627962 PMCID: PMC4312444 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0401-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Activated PI3K-AKT pathway may contribute to decrease sensitivity to inhibitors of key pathogenetic effectors (mutated BRAF, active NRAS or MEK) in melanoma. Functional alterations are deeply involved in PI3K-AKT activation, with a minimal role reported for mutations in PIK3CA, the catalytic subunit of the PI3K gene. We here assessed the prevalence of the coexistence of BRAF/NRAS and PIK3CA mutations in a series of melanoma samples. Methods A total of 245 tumor specimens (212 primary melanomas and 33 melanoma cell lines) was screened for mutations in BRAF, NRAS, and PIK3CA genes by automated direct sequencing. Results Overall, 110 (44.9%) samples carried mutations in BRAF, 26 (10.6%) in NRAS, and 24 (9.8%) in PIK3CA. All identified PIK3CA mutations have been reported to induce PI3K activation; those detected in cultured melanomas were investigated for their interference with the antiproliferative activity of the BRAF-mutant inhibitor vemurafenib. A reduced suppression in cell growth was observed in treated cells carrying both BRAF and PIK3CA mutations as compared with those presenting a mutated BRAF only. Among the analysed melanomas, 12/245 (4.9%) samples presented the coexistence of PIK3CA and BRAF/NRAS mutations. Conclusions Our study further suggests that PIK3CA mutations account for a small fraction of PI3K pathway activation and have a limited impact in interfering with the BRAF/NRAS-driven growth in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Giuseppe Palmieri
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council (CNR), Traversa La Crucca 3 - Baldinca Li Punti, Sassari, 07100, Italy.
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Gerber AL, Münst A, Schlapbach C, Shafighi M, Kiermeir D, Hüsler R, Hunger RE. High expression of FOXP3 in primary melanoma is associated with tumour progression. Br J Dermatol 2015; 170:103-9. [PMID: 24116716 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.12641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The antitumour immune response plays an important role in the prognosis of melanoma. High numbers of circulating regulatory T cells have been associated with rapid disease progression. OBJECTIVES To assess the influence of forkhead box protein (FOXP)3, CD1a and langerin expression on the prognosis of primary melanoma. METHODS We analysed 185 primary melanomas by immunohistochemical staining for expression of the regulatory T-cell marker FOXP3 and the dendritic cell markers langerin and CD1a, and correlated marker expression with clinical outcome. RESULTS Disease-free survival and overall survival were significantly longer in patients expressing low levels of FOXP3 in the primary melanoma, whereas they were associated with high expression of CD1a. The negative prognostic value of FOXP3 expression was independent of the Breslow tumour thickness. Langerin expression did not correlate with the clinical outcome. CONCLUSIONS High expression of FOXP3 in the primary melanoma may be used as an additional independent prognostic marker for early tumour progression in patients with melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Gerber
- Department of Dermatology, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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15
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The receptor for advanced glycation end products influences the expression of its S100 protein ligands in melanoma tumors. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 57:54-62. [PMID: 25310905 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have suggested that the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) participates in melanoma progression by promoting tumor growth. However, the mechanisms of RAGE activation in melanoma tumors are not clearly understood. To get deeper insights into these mechanisms, we transfected a melanoma cell line, which was established from a human melanoma primary tumor, with RAGE, and studied the effect of RAGE overexpression on cell proliferation and migration in vitro. We observed that overexpression of RAGE in these cells not only resulted in significantly increased migration rates compared to control cells, but also in decreased proliferation rates (Meghnani et al., 2014). In the present study, we compared the growth of xenograft tumors established from RAGE overexpressing WM115 cells, to that of control cells. We observed that when implanted in mice, RAGE overexpressing cells generated tumors faster than control cells. Analysis of protein tumor extracts showed increased levels of the RAGE ligands S100B, S100A2, S100A4, S100A6 and S100A10 in RAGE overexpressing tumors compared to control tumors. We show that the tumor growth was significantly reduced when the mice were treated with anti-RAGE antibodies, suggesting that RAGE, and probably several S100 proteins, were involved in tumor growth. We further demonstrate that the anti-RAGE antibody treatment significantly enhanced the efficacy of the alkylating drug dacarbazine in reducing the growth rate of RAGE overexpressing tumors.
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16
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Colombino M, Sini M, Lissia A, De Giorgi V, Stanganelli I, Ayala F, Massi D, Rubino C, Manca A, Paliogiannis P, Rossari S, Magi S, Mazzoni L, Botti G, Capone M, Palla M, Ascierto PA, Cossu A, Palmieri G. Discrepant alterations in main candidate genes among multiple primary melanomas. J Transl Med 2014; 12:117. [PMID: 24885594 PMCID: PMC4023698 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-12-117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Alterations in key-regulator genes of disease pathogenesis (BRAF, cKIT, CyclinD1) have been evaluated in patients with multiple primary melanoma (MPM). Methods One hundred twelve MPM patients (96 cases with two primary melanomas, 15 with three, and 1 with four) were included into the study. Paired synchronous/asynchronous MPM tissues (N = 229) were analyzed for BRAF mutations and cKIT/CyclynD1 gene amplifications. Results BRAF mutations were identified in 109/229 (48%) primary melanomas, whereas cKIT and CyclinD1 amplifications were observed in 10/216 (5%) and 29/214 (14%) tumor tissues, respectively. While frequency rates of BRAF mutations were quite identical across the different MPM lesions, a significant increase of cKIT (p < 0.001) and CyclinD1 (p = 0.002) amplification rates was observed between first and subsequent primary melanomas. Among the 107 patients with paired melanoma samples, 53 (49.5%) presented consistent alteration patterns between first and subsequent primary tumors. About one third (40/122; 32.8%) of subsequent melanomas presented a discrepant pattern of BRAF mutations as compared to incident primary tumors. Conclusions The low consistency in somatic mutation patterns among MPM lesions from same patients provides further evidence that melanomagenesis is heterogeneous and different cell types may be involved. This may have implications in clinical practice due to the difficulties in molecularly classifying patients with discrepant primary melanomas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Giuseppe Palmieri
- Unit of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), National Research Council (CNR) - Traversa La Crucca 3, Baldinca Li Punti, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
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Colombino M, Lissia A, Capone M, De Giorgi V, Massi D, Stanganelli I, Fonsatti E, Maio M, Botti G, Caracò C, Mozzillo N, Ascierto PA, Cossu A, Palmieri G. Heterogeneous distribution of BRAF/NRAS mutations among Italian patients with advanced melanoma. J Transl Med 2013; 11:202. [PMID: 23987572 PMCID: PMC3765741 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-11-202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prevalence and distribution of pathogenetic mutations in BRAF and NRAS genes were evaluated in multiple melanoma lesions from patients with different geographical origin within the same Italian population. METHODS Genomic DNA from a total of 749 tumor samples (451 primary tumors and 298 metastases) in 513 consecutively-collected patients with advanced melanoma (AJCC stages III and IV) was screened for mutations in exon 15 of BRAF gene and, at lower extension (354/513; 69%), in the entire coding DNA of NRAS gene by automated direct sequencing. Among tissues, 236 paired samples of primary melanomas and synchronous or asynchronous metastases were included into the screening. RESULTS Overall, mutations were detected in 49% primary melanomas and 51% metastases, for BRAF gene, and 15% primary tumors and 16% secondaries, for NRAS gene. A heterogeneous distribution of mutations in both genes was observed among the 451 primary melanomas according to patients' geographical origin: 61% vs. 42% (p = 0.0372) BRAF-mutated patients and 2% vs. 21% (p < 0.0001) NRAS-mutated cases were observed in Sardinian and non-Sardinian populations, respectively. Consistency in BRAF/NRAS mutations among paired samples was high for lymph node (91%) and visceral metastases (92.5%), but significantly lower for brain (79%; p = 0.0227) and skin (71%; p = 0.0009) metastases. CONCLUSIONS Our findings about the two main alterations occurring in the different tumor tissues from patients with advanced melanoma may be helpful in improving the management of such a disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Colombino
- Unit of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), National Research Council (CNR), Traversa La Crucca 3, Baldinca Li Punti 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Amelia Lissia
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital (AOU), Sassari, Italy
| | | | | | - Daniela Massi
- Institute of Pathology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Ignazio Stanganelli
- Skin Cancer Unit, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo Tumori (IRST), Meldola, Italy
| | - Ester Fonsatti
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital (AOU), Siena, Italy
| | - Michele Maio
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital (AOU), Siena, Italy
| | - Gerardo Botti
- National Tumour Institute “Fondazione Pascale”, Naples, Italy
| | - Corrado Caracò
- National Tumour Institute “Fondazione Pascale”, Naples, Italy
| | - Nicola Mozzillo
- National Tumour Institute “Fondazione Pascale”, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Cossu
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital (AOU), Sassari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Palmieri
- Unit of Cancer Genetics, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), National Research Council (CNR), Traversa La Crucca 3, Baldinca Li Punti 07100, Sassari, Italy
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