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Macrophages Impair TLR9 Agonist Antitumor Activity through Interacting with the Anti-PD-1 Antibody Fc Domain. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13164081. [PMID: 34439233 PMCID: PMC8391891 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13164081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary We evaluated the contribution of macrophages to the effect of combinatorial immunotherapeutic treatments based on TLR9 stimulation (with CpG-ODNs) and PD-1 blockade in an ovarian cancer preclinical model. We observed a strong reduction in the antitumor efficacy of a TLR9 agonist upon anti-PD-1 antibody administration. Specifically, we found that TLR9-stimulated macrophages, through interacting with the fragment crystallizable (Fc) domain of the anti-PD-1 antibody, acquire an immunoregulatory phenotype leading to dampening of CpG-ODN antitumor effect. Since the stimulation of macrophage TLRs can be achieved not only by synthetic agonists but also by molecules present in the tumor microenvironment, the data we are presenting may represent another possible mechanism of anti-PD-1 antibody therapy resistance. Indeed, it is possible that when delivered as a monotherapy, anti-PD-1 antibody Fc domain may interact with macrophages in which TLR signaling has already been triggered by endogenous ligands, mirroring the biological effects described in the present study. Abstract Background. A combination of TLR9 agonists and an anti-PD-1 antibody has been reported to be effective in immunocompetent mice but the role of innate immunity has not yet been completely elucidated. Therefore, we investigated the contribution of the innate immune system to this combinatorial immunotherapeutic regimens using an immunodeficient mouse model in which the effector functions of innate immunity can clearly emerge without any interference from T lymphocytes. Methods. Athymic mice xenografted with IGROV-1 human ovarian cells, reported to be sensitive to TLR9 agonist therapy, were treated with cytosine–guanine (CpG)-oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs), an anti-PD-1 antibody or their combination. Results. We found that PD-1 blockade dampened CpG-ODN antitumor activity. In vitro studies indicated that the interaction between the anti-PD-1 antibody fragment crystallizable (Fc) domain and macrophage Fc receptors caused these immune cells to acquire an immunoregulatory phenotype, contributing to a decrease in the efficacy of CpG-ODNs. Accordingly, in vivo macrophage depletion abrogated the detrimental effect exerted by the anti-PD-1 antibody. Conclusion. Our data suggest that if TLR signaling is active in macrophages, coadministration of an anti-PD-1 antibody can reprogram these immune cells towards a polarization state able to negatively affect the immune response and eventually promote tumor growth.
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Ricketts TD, Prieto-Dominguez N, Gowda PS, Ubil E. Mechanisms of Macrophage Plasticity in the Tumor Environment: Manipulating Activation State to Improve Outcomes. Front Immunol 2021; 12:642285. [PMID: 34025653 PMCID: PMC8139576 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.642285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are a specialized class of innate immune cells with multifaceted roles in modulation of the inflammatory response, homeostasis, and wound healing. While developmentally derived or originating from circulating monocytes, naïve macrophages can adopt a spectrum of context-dependent activation states ranging from pro-inflammatory (classically activated, M1) to pro-wound healing (alternatively activated, M2). Tumors are known to exploit macrophage polarization states to foster a tumor-permissive milieu, particularly by skewing macrophages toward a pro-tumor (M2) phenotype. These pro-tumoral macrophages can support cancer progression by several mechanisms including immune suppression, growth factor production, promotion of angiogenesis and tissue remodeling. By preventing the adoption of this pro-tumor phenotype or reprogramming these macrophages to a more pro-inflammatory state, it may be possible to inhibit tumor growth. Here, we describe types of tumor-derived signaling that facilitate macrophage reprogramming, including paracrine signaling and activation of innate immune checkpoints. We also describe intervention strategies targeting macrophage plasticity to limit disease progression and address their implications in cancer chemo- and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Eric Ubil
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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3
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Miller AM, Lemke-Miltner CD, Blackwell S, Tomanek-Chalkley A, Gibson-Corely KN, Coleman KL, Weiner GJ, Chan CHF. Intraperitoneal CMP-001: A Novel Immunotherapy for Treating Peritoneal Carcinomatosis of Gastrointestinal and Pancreaticobiliary Cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2020; 28:1187-1197. [PMID: 32409965 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-020-08591-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The treatment options for patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) of gastrointestinal and pancreaticobiliary origins are limited. The virus-like particle, CMP-001, composed of the Qβ bacteriophage capsid protein encapsulating a CpG-A oligodeoxynucleotide, activates plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) and triggers interferon alpha (IFNα) release, leading to a cascade of anti-tumor immune effects. METHODS To evaluate the ability of CMP-001 to trigger an immune response in patients with PC, peritoneal cells were isolated and stimulated ex vivo with CMP-001. Both IFNα release and percentage of pDC were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and flow cytometry, respectively. To evaluate the anti-tumor response in vivo, murine PC models were generated using mouse cancer cell lines (Panc02 and MC38) in immunocompetent mice treated with intraperitoneal CMP-001 or saline control. Survival was followed, and the immunophenotype of cells in the peritoneal tumor microenvironment was evaluated. RESULTS The pDCs accounted for 1% (range 0.1-3.9%; n = 17) of the isolated peritoneal cells. Ex vivo CMP-001 stimulation of the peritoneal cells released an average of 0.77 ng/ml of IFNα (range, 0-4700 pg/ml; n = 14). The IFNα concentration was proportional to the percentage of pDCs present in the peritoneal cell mixture (r = 0.6; p = 0.037). In murine PC models, intraperitoneal CMP-001 treatment elicited an anti-tumor immune response including an increase in chemokines (RANTES and MIP-1β), pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFNγ, interleukin 6 [IL-6], and IL-12), and peritoneal/tumor immune infiltration (CD4+/CD8+ T and natural killer [NK] cells). The CMP-001 treatment improved survival in both the Panc02 (median, 35 vs 28 days) and the MC38 (median: 57 vs 35 days) PC models (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS As a novel immunotherapeutic agent, CMP-001 may be effective for treating patients with PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann M Miller
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Caitlin D Lemke-Miltner
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Sue Blackwell
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Ann Tomanek-Chalkley
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Katherine N Gibson-Corely
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Kristen L Coleman
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - George J Weiner
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Carlos H F Chan
- Department of Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA. .,Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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Moradi-Marjaneh R, Hassanian SM, Hasanzadeh M, Rezayi M, Maftouh M, Mehramiz M, Ferns GA, Khazaei M, Avan A. Therapeutic potential of toll-like receptors in treatment of gynecological cancers. IUBMB Life 2019; 71:549-564. [PMID: 30729633 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an important role in the innate and adaptive immune system. They are expressed in various regions of the female reproductive tract, and their regulation may be involved in the pathogenesis of gynecological lesions. There is growing evidence that ligands for several TLRs are potentially anticancer agents, some of which have already been approved by the FDA, and these compounds are now undergoing clinical evaluation. There is a rationale for using these ligands as adjuvants in the treatment or prevention of gynecological cancer. Some TLR agonists that are of potential interest in the treatment of gynecological lesions include imiquimod, motolimod, cervarix, and CpG-oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs). In this review, we outline the different functions of TLRs in gynecological cancer with particular emphasis on the value of TLR agonists as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of gynecological cancer. © 2019 IUBMB Life, 71(5):549-564, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hassanian
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Malihe Hasanzadeh
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Woman Health Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Rezayi
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mona Maftouh
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehrane Mehramiz
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Division of Medical Education, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, UK
| | - Majid Khazaei
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Evans ER, Bugga P, Asthana V, Drezek R. Metallic Nanoparticles for Cancer Immunotherapy. MATERIALS TODAY (KIDLINGTON, ENGLAND) 2018; 21:673-685. [PMID: 30197553 PMCID: PMC6124314 DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2017.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy, or the utilization of the body's immune system to attack tumor cells, has gained prominence over the past few decades as a viable cancer treatment strategy. Recently approved immunotherapeutics have conferred remission upon patients with previously bleak outcomes and have expanded the number of tools available to treat cancer. Nanoparticles -including polymeric, liposomal, and metallic formulations - naturally traffic to the spleen and lymph organs and the relevant immune cells therein, making them good candidates for delivery of immunotherapeutic agents. Metallic nanoparticle formulations in particular are advantageous because of their potential for dense surface functionalization and their capability for optical or heat based therapeutic methods. Many research groups have investigated the potential of nanoparticle-mediated delivery platforms to improve the efficacy of immunotherapies. Despite the significant preclinical successes demonstrated by many of these platforms over the last twenty years, few metallic nanoparticles have successfully entered clinical trials with none achieving FDA approval for cancer therapy. In this review, we will discuss preclinical research and clinical trials involving metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) for cancer immunotherapy applications and discuss the potential for clinical translation of MNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Reiser Evans
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, United States
| | - Pallavi Bugga
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, United States
| | - Vishwaratn Asthana
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, United States
| | - Rebekah Drezek
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, United States. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, United States
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6
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Yuan S, Qiao T, Li X, Zhuang X, Chen W, Chen X, Zhang Q. Toll-like receptor 9 activation by CpG oligodeoxynucleotide 7909 enhances the radiosensitivity of A549 lung cancer cells via the p53 signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2018. [PMID: 29541253 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.7916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Unmethylated cytosine-phosphorothioate-guanine (CpG)-containing oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) are synthetic DNA sequences that mimic bacterial DNA, and are known to serve as ligands for Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9). The interaction between a CpG ODNs with TLR9 activates the complex downstream cascade that contributes to exerting its function. In the present study, the results of clonogenic assays demonstrated that the activation of TLR9 by CpG ODNs significantly increased the radiosensitivity of A549 lung cancer cells, with a sensitivity enhancement ratio (SER) of 1.28. When the expression of TLR9 was effectively silenced, CpG ODNs used alone were identified to produce SERs as low as 1.01. Flow cytometry demonstrated that the interaction between TLR9 and CpG ODN 7909 alone did not significantly affect the rate of apoptosis, but may significantly enhance the radiation-induced apoptosis of A549 cells. Western blot analysis revealed that TLR9 activation by CpG ODN 7909 increased the levels of mitogen-activated protein kinase 14, cellular tumor antigen p53, B-cell lymphoma 2 associated X protein and genome polyprotein, and decreased Bcl-2 expression levels, whereas these effects were not observed in CpG ODN 7909-treated cells in which TLR9 was knocked down. These results suggest that CpG ODN 7909 may enhance radiosensitivity through TLR9 activation, and partially via the p53 pathway in A549 lung cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujuan Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Jinshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P.R. China
| | - Tiankui Qiao
- Department of Oncology, Jinshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Li
- Department of Oncology, Jinshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P.R. China
| | - Xibing Zhuang
- Department of Oncology, Jinshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P.R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Oncology, Jinshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P.R. China
| | - Xue Chen
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Cancer Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Jinshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P.R. China
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7
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Lu Y, Wang Y, Miao L, Haynes M, Xiang G, Huang L. Exploiting in situ antigen generation and immune modulation to enhance chemotherapy response in advanced melanoma: A combination nanomedicine approach. Cancer Lett 2016; 379:32-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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8
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Protection against Streptococcus suis Serotype 2 Infection Using a Capsular Polysaccharide Glycoconjugate Vaccine. Infect Immun 2016; 84:2059-2075. [PMID: 27113360 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00139-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis serotype 2 is an encapsulated bacterium and one of the most important bacterial pathogens in the porcine industry. Despite decades of research for an efficient vaccine, none is currently available. Based on the success achieved with other encapsulated pathogens, a glycoconjugate vaccine strategy was selected to elicit opsonizing anti-capsular polysaccharide (anti-CPS) IgG antibodies. In this work, glycoconjugate prototypes were prepared by coupling S. suis type 2 CPS to tetanus toxoid, and the immunological features of the postconjugation preparations were evaluated in vivo In mice, experiments evaluating three different adjuvants showed that CpG oligodeoxyribonucleotide (ODN) induces very low levels of anti-CPS IgM antibodies, while the emulsifying adjuvants Stimune and TiterMax Gold both induced high levels of IgGs and IgM. Dose-response trials comparing free CPS with the conjugate vaccine showed that free CPS is nonimmunogenic independently of the dose used, while 25 μg of the conjugate preparation was optimal in inducing high levels of anti-CPS IgGs postboost. With an opsonophagocytosis assay using murine whole blood, sera from immunized mice showed functional activity. Finally, the conjugate vaccine showed immunogenicity and induced protection in a swine challenge model. When conjugated and administered with emulsifying adjuvants, S. suis type 2 CPS is able to induce potent IgM and isotype-switched IgGs in mice and pigs, yielding functional activity in vitro and protection against a lethal challenge in vivo, all features of a T cell-dependent response. This study represents a proof of concept for the potential of glycoconjugate vaccines in veterinary medicine applications against invasive bacterial infections.
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9
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Zhang Y, Cui Z, Kong H, Xia K, Pan L, Li J, Sun Y, Shi J, Wang L, Zhu Y, Fan C. One-Shot Immunomodulatory Nanodiamond Agents for Cancer Immunotherapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:2699-708. [PMID: 26833992 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201506232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 01/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The use of functional nanodiamonds (fNDs) to deliver CpG oligonucleotides (ODNs) for sustained immunostimulation is reported. It is demonstrated that monotherapy using this immunostimulatory agent significantly suppresses the tumor growth in two murine tumor models. This fND-based nanoagent opens new opportunities for immunotherapy, as well as clinical applications of various types of therapeutic nucleic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Division of Physical Biology and Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Zhifen Cui
- Division of Physical Biology and Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Huating Kong
- Division of Physical Biology and Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Kai Xia
- Division of Physical Biology and Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Liang Pan
- Division of Physical Biology and Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Jiang Li
- Division of Physical Biology and Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Yanhong Sun
- Division of Physical Biology and Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Jiye Shi
- Kellogg College, University of Oxford, Banbury Road, Oxford, OX2 6PN, UK
- UCB Pharma, 208 Bath Road, Slough, SL1 3WE, UK
| | - Lihua Wang
- Division of Physical Biology and Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Division of Physical Biology and Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Chunhai Fan
- Division of Physical Biology and Bioimaging Center, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201200, China
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10
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Pelegrin M, Naranjo-Gomez M, Piechaczyk M. Antiviral Monoclonal Antibodies: Can They Be More Than Simple Neutralizing Agents? Trends Microbiol 2016; 23:653-665. [PMID: 26433697 PMCID: PMC7127033 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are increasingly being considered as agents to fight severe viral diseases. So far, they have essentially been selected and used on the basis of their virus-neutralizing activity and/or cell-killing activity to blunt viral propagation via direct mechanisms. There is, however, accumulating evidence that they can also induce long-lasting protective antiviral immunity by recruiting the endogenous immune system of infected individuals during the period of immunotherapy. Exploiting this property may revolutionize antiviral mAb-based immunotherapies, with benefits for both patients and healthcare systems. Antiviral monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are promising, high-added-value biotherapeutics. During recent years, the number of antiviral mAbs developed against both acute and chronic viruses has grown exponentially, some of them being currently tested in clinical trials. Antiviral mAbs can be used to blunt viral propagation through direct effects. They can also engage the host's immune system, leading to the induction of long-lasting protective vaccine-like effects. The assessment of mechanisms at play in the induction of vaccine-like effects by antiviral mAbs will help in improving antiviral treatments. Exploiting this effect will translate into therapeutic benefit for patients. The benefit will also help healthcare systems through the reduction of treatment costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Pelegrin
- Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue contre le Cancer - Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, UMR 5535 CNRS, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier cedex 5, Université de Montpellier, 163 rue Auguste Broussonnet, 34090 Montpellier, France.
| | - Mar Naranjo-Gomez
- Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue contre le Cancer - Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, UMR 5535 CNRS, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier cedex 5, Université de Montpellier, 163 rue Auguste Broussonnet, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Marc Piechaczyk
- Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue contre le Cancer - Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, UMR 5535 CNRS, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier cedex 5, Université de Montpellier, 163 rue Auguste Broussonnet, 34090 Montpellier, France
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11
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Fehri E, Ennaifer E, Bel Haj Rhouma R, Guizani-Tabbane L, Guizani I, Boubaker S. The role of Toll-like receptor 9 in gynecologic cancer. Curr Res Transl Med 2016; 64:155-159. [PMID: 27765276 DOI: 10.1016/j.retram.2016.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) plays a major role in the fight against DNA viruses infections. Despite its antitumor properties, inappropriate activation of TLR9 during chronic inflammation may cause the activation of transcription factors inducing pro-cancerous activities. Thus, the relationship between TLR9 and cancer remains highly confrontational especially in gynecological cancers and cervical cancer induced by viruses. In this review, we focus on the beneficial and detrimental role of TLR9 in gynecological carcinogenesis. TLR9 contributes to tumor regression by inducing cytotoxic T cell response (CTL), reducing the numbers of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), the tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and the regulatory T cells (T regs). It can however, also promote tumor progression and invasiveness of cervical tissue. Therefore, the dichotomous role of TLR9 needs to be carefully investigated in the setting of neoplastic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Fehri
- HPV Unit Research, Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Experimental Pathology Applied to Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, BP 74, 1002, le Belvédère, Tunis, Tunisia; Department of Human and Experimental Pathology, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, BP 74, 1002, le Belvédère, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - E Ennaifer
- HPV Unit Research, Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Experimental Pathology Applied to Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, BP 74, 1002, le Belvédère, Tunis, Tunisia; Department of Human and Experimental Pathology, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, BP 74, 1002, le Belvédère, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - R Bel Haj Rhouma
- HPV Unit Research, Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Experimental Pathology Applied to Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, BP 74, 1002, le Belvédère, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - L Guizani-Tabbane
- Laboratory of Medical Parasitology Biotechnology and Biomolecules, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, BP 74, 1002, le Belvédère, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - I Guizani
- HPV Unit Research, Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology and Experimental Pathology Applied to Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, BP 74, 1002, le Belvédère, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - S Boubaker
- Department of Human and Experimental Pathology, Pasteur Institute of Tunis, BP 74, 1002, le Belvédère, Tunis, Tunisia
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12
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Hiramatsu K, Serada S, Kobiyama K, Nakagawa S, Morimoto A, Matsuzaki S, Ueda Y, Fujimoto M, Yoshino K, Ishii KJ, Enomoto T, Kimura T, Naka T. CpG oligodeoxynucleotides potentiate the antitumor activity of anti-BST2 antibody. Cancer Sci 2016; 106:1474-8. [PMID: 26498112 PMCID: PMC4638016 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 06/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous monoclonal antibodies (mAb) targeting tumor antigens have recently been developed. Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) via effector cells such as tumor-infiltrating natural killer (NK) cells and macrophages are often involved in mediating the antitumor activity of mAb. CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) have a potent antitumor activity and are considered to increase tumor infiltration of NK cells and macrophages. Our group previously reported significant antitumor activity of anti-bone marrow stromal antigen 2 (BST2) mAb against BST2-positive endometrial cancer cells through ADCC. In this study, we evaluated the synergistic antitumor activity of combination therapy with anti-BST-2 mAb and CpG ODN using SCID mice and elucidated the mechanisms underlying this activity. Anti-BST2 mAb and CpG ODN monotherapy had a significant dose-dependent antitumor activity (P = 0.0135 and P = 0.0196, respectively). Combination therapy with anti-BST2 mAb and CpG ODN had a significant antitumor activity in SCID mice (P < 0.01), but not in NOG mice. FACS analysis revealed significantly increased numbers of NK cells and macrophages in tumors treated with a combination of anti-BST2 mAb and CpG ODN and with CpG ODN alone in SCID mice (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). These results suggested that the combination therapy with anti-BST2 mAb and CpG ODN has a significant antitumor activity and induces tumor infiltration of NK cells and macrophages. Combination therapy with CpG ODN and anti-BST2 mAb or other antitumor mAb depending on ADCC may represent a new treatment option for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Hiramatsu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.,Laboratory of Immune Signal, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Satoshi Serada
- Laboratory of Immune Signal, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kouji Kobiyama
- Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nakagawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.,Laboratory of Immune Signal, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Akiko Morimoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Shinya Matsuzaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Yutaka Ueda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Minoru Fujimoto
- Laboratory of Immune Signal, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Yoshino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Ken J Ishii
- Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takayuki Enomoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Medical School, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kimura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Naka
- Laboratory of Immune Signal, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Japan
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13
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CpG-oligodeoxynucleotides exert remarkable antitumor activity against diffuse malignant peritoneal mesothelioma orthotopic xenografts. J Transl Med 2016; 14:25. [PMID: 26810896 PMCID: PMC4727408 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-0781-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diffuse malignant peritoneal mesothelioma (DMPM) is a rare and locally aggressive disease. DMPM prognosis is dismal, mainly due to the lack of effective treatment options and the development of new therapeutic strategies is urgently needed. In this context, novel immunotherapy approaches can be explored in an attempt to improve DMPM patients' survival. METHODS We tested the efficacy of CpG-oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODN), synthetic DNA sequences recognized by Toll-like receptor 9 and able to induce innate/adaptive immune response, in two DMPM orthotopic xenografts (MesoII and STO), which properly recapitulate the dissemination pattern of the disease in the peritoneal cavity. Severe combined immunodeficiency mice carrying DMPM xenografts were treated at different stages of tumor development with i.p. delivered CpG-ODN1826 for 4 weeks. CpG-ODN1826-induced modulation in the composition of peritoneal immune infiltrate was assessed by flow cytometry. RESULTS When administered to early-stage tumors (i.e., 4 days after i.p. DMPM cell injection in mice), the agent exhibited impressive efficacy against MesoII by completely inhibiting tumor take and ascites development (no evidence of tumor masses and ascites in 6/6 mice at necropsy), and also impaired STO tumor take and growth (4/6 tumor-free mice; i.p. tumor masses reduced by 94 % in the 2 remaining mice, P = 0.00005). Interestingly, when tested against late-stage STO tumors (i.e., 11 days after i.p. DMPM cell injection in mice), CpG-ODN1826 was still able to reduce the growth of i.p. tumor masses by 66 % (P = 0.0009). Peritoneal washings of tumor-bearing mice revealed a strong increase of macrophage infiltration together with a decrease in the presence of B-1 cells and a reduced IgM concentration after CpG-ODN1826 treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that locally administered CpG-ODN1826 is able to markedly affect the growth of both early- and late-stage DMPM orthotopic xenografts in the absence of severe side effects, and suggest a possible clinical role for the agent in the therapy of DMPM.
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Rajasekaran N, Chester C, Yonezawa A, Zhao X, Kohrt HE. Enhancement of antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity: a new era in cancer treatment. Immunotargets Ther 2015; 4:91-100. [PMID: 27471715 PMCID: PMC4918249 DOI: 10.2147/itt.s61292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic efficacy of some anti-tumor monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) depends on the capacity of the mAb to recognize the tumor-associated antigen and induce cytotoxicity via a network of immune effector cells. This process of antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) against tumor cells is triggered by the interaction of the fragment crystallizable (Fc) portion of the mAb with the Fc receptors on effector cells like natural killer cells, macrophages, γδ T cells, and dendritic cells. By augmenting ADCC, the antitumor activity of mAbs can be significantly increased. Currently, identifying and developing therapeutic agents that enhance ADCC is a growing area of research. Combining existing tumor-targeting mAbs and ADCC-promoting agents that stimulate effector cells will translate to greater clinical responses. In this review, we discuss strategies for enhancing ADCC and emphasize the potential of combination treatments that include US Food and Drug Administration-approved mAbs and immunostimulatory therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narendiran Rajasekaran
- Division of Oncology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Cariad Chester
- Division of Oncology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Atsushi Yonezawa
- Division of Oncology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Xing Zhao
- Division of Oncology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Research Center, Department of Immunology, Guiyang Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Holbrook E Kohrt
- Division of Oncology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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15
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MAPLE-based method to obtain biodegradable hybrid polymeric thin films with embedded antitumoral agents. Biomed Microdevices 2014; 16:11-21. [PMID: 23887615 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-013-9801-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In this work, antitumor compounds, lactoferrin [recombinant iron-free (Apo-rLf)], cisplatin (Cis) or their combination were embedded within a biodegradable polycaprolactone (PCL) polymer thin film, by a modified approach of a laser-based technique, matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation (MAPLE). The structural and morphological properties of the deposited hybrid films were analyzed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The in vitro effect on the cells' morphology and proliferation of murine melanoma B16-F10 cells was investigated and correlated with the films' surface chemistry and topography. Biological assays revealed decreased viability and proliferation, lower adherence, and morphological modifications in the case of melanoma cells cultured on both Apo-rLf and Cis thin films. The antitumor effect was enhanced by deposition of Apo-rLf with Cis within the same film. The unique capability of the new approach, based on MAPLE, to embed antitumor active factors within a biodegradable matrix for obtaining novel biodegradable hybrid platform with increased antitumor efficiency has been demonstrated.
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Vacchelli E, Eggermont A, Sautès-Fridman C, Galon J, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L. Trial Watch: Toll-like receptor agonists for cancer therapy. Oncoimmunology 2013; 2:e25238. [PMID: 24083080 PMCID: PMC3782517 DOI: 10.4161/onci.25238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have long been known for their ability to initiate innate immune responses upon exposure to conserved microbial components such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and double-stranded RNA. More recently, this family of pattern recognition receptors has been attributed a critical role in the elicitation of anticancer immune responses, raising interest in the development of immunochemotherapeutic regimens based on natural or synthetic TLR agonists. In spite of such an intense wave of preclinical and clinical investigation, only three TLR agonists are currently licensed by FDA for use in cancer patients: bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG), an attenuated strain of Mycobacterium bovis that operates as a mixed TLR2/TLR4 agonist; monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL), a derivative of Salmonella minnesota that functions as a potent agonist of TLR4; and imiquimod, a synthetic imidazoquinoline that activates TLR7. One year ago, in the August and September issues of OncoImmunology, we described the main biological features of TLRs and discussed the progress of clinical studies evaluating the safety and therapeutic potential of TLR agonists in cancer patients. Here, we summarize the latest developments in this exciting area of research, focusing on preclinical studies that have been published during the last 13 mo and clinical trials launched in the same period to investigate the antineoplastic activity of TLR agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Vacchelli
- Institut Gustave Roussy; Villejuif, France ; Université Paris-Sud/Paris XI; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; Paris, France ; INSERM, U848; Villejuif, France
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