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Gong X, Hu F, Hu J, Bao Z, Wang M. The interactions between CpG oligodeoxynucleotides and Toll-like receptors in Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Dev Comp Immunol 2024; 155:105157. [PMID: 38423492 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2024.105157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs), as a novel type of adjuvant with immunomodulatory effects, are recognized by Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in Litopenaeus vannamei. In the present study, eleven LvTLRs-pCMV recombinants (rLvTLRs) were constructed to investigate the relationships between various CpG ODNs and different LvTLRs in human embryonic kidney 293T (HEK293T) cells, which was further confirmed by bio-layer interferometry (BLI) technique. The results of dual luciferase reporter assay showed that every LvTLR could activate multiple downstream genes, mainly including NF-κB, CREB, ISRE, IL-6-promoter, TNF-α-promoter and Myc, thereby inducing main signaling pathways in shrimps. Most CpG ODNs possessed affinities to more than one LvTLR, while each LvTLR could recognize multiple CpG ODNs, and the widely recognized ligands within CpG ODNs are A-class and B-class. Moreover, BLI analysis showed that CpG 2216, Cpg 2006, CpG 2143 and CpG 21425 exhibited dose-dependent affinity to the expressed TLR protein, which were consistent with the results in HEK293T cells. It suggested that the interactions of CpG ODNs with LvTLRs were indispensable for the immune regulation triggered by CpG ODNs, and these findings would lay foundations for studying the activations of LvTLRs to immune signaling pathways and shedding lights on the immune functions and mechanisms of CpG ODNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuerui Gong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya, 57202, China
| | - Feng Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya, 57202, China
| | - Jingjie Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya, 57202, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China; Hainan Seed Industry Laboratory, Sanya, 572024, China
| | - Zhenmin Bao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya, 57202, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China; Hainan Seed Industry Laboratory, Sanya, 572024, China; Hebei Xinhai Aquatic Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Cangzhou, 061101, China
| | - Mengqiang Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institution, Ocean University of China, Sanya, 57202, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511458, China; Hainan Seed Industry Laboratory, Sanya, 572024, China.
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Ling K, Zheng J, Jiang X, Huang W, Mai Y, Liao C, Fan S, Bu J, Li R, Zeng B, Zheng Q, Huang R, Li Z, Wong NK, Jiang H. Mn 2+/ CpG Oligodeoxynucleotides Codecorated Black Phosphorus Nanosheet Platform for Enhanced Antitumor Potency in Multimodal Therapy. ACS Nano 2024; 18:2841-2860. [PMID: 38251849 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c07123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Manganese ions (Mn2+)-coordinated nanoparticles have emerged as a promising class of antitumor nanotherapeutics, capable of simultaneously disrupting the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) and triggering the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway-dependent antitumor immunity. However, the activation of STING signaling by Mn2+-based monotherapies is suboptimal for comprehensive stimulation of antigen presenting cells and reversal of immunosuppression in the TME. Here, we report the design of a Mn2+/CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) codecorated black phosphorus nanosheet (BPNS@Mn2+/CpG) platform based on the Mn2+ modification of BPNS and subsequent adsorption of synthetic CpG ODNs. The coordination of Mn2+ significantly improved the stability of BPNS and the adsorption of CpG ODNs. The acidic TME and endosomal compartments can disrupt the Mn2+ coordination, triggering pH-responsive release of CpG ODNs and Mn2+ to effectively activate the Toll-like receptor 9 and STING pathways. As a result, M2-type macrophages and immature dendritic cells were strongly stimulated in the TME, thereby increasing T lymphocyte infiltration and reversing the immunosuppression within the TME. Phototherapy and chemodynamic therapy, utilizing the BPNS@Mn2+/CpG platform, have demonstrated efficacy in inducing immunogenic cell death upon 808 nm laser irradiation. Importantly, the treatment of BPNS@Mn2+/CpG with laser irradiation exhibited significant therapeutic efficacy against the irradiated primary tumor and effectively suppressed the growth of nonirradiated distant tumor. Moreover, it induced a robust immune memory, providing long-lasting protection against tumor recurrence. This study demonstrated the enhanced antitumor potency of BPNS@Mn2+/CpG in multimodal therapy, and its proof-of-concept application as a metal ion-modified BPNS material for effective DNA/drug delivery and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Ling
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Jintao Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Xiaohong Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Weijie Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Youqing Mai
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Chuanghong Liao
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Shuting Fan
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Jianlan Bu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Bingchun Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Qiunuan Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Ruibin Huang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Zhiyang Li
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Hernia Surgery, General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Nai-Kei Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Hongyan Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Department of Thyroid, Breast and Hernia Surgery, General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
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Zhang H, Wang Z, Wang S, Zhang J, Qiu L, Chen J. Aminated yeast β-D-glucan for macrophage-targeted delivery of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides and synergistically enhanced cancer immunotherapy. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126998. [PMID: 37729981 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODNs) activate immune system and show strong potential in cancer immunotherapy. However, therapeutic efficacy of CpG ODNs is hampered due to rapid nuclease degradation and insufficient cellular uptake. Delivery of CpG ODNs into antigen presenting cells (APCs) is vital to enhance their therapeutic efficacy. Herein, we developed a super-convenient yet efficient strategy for macrophage-targeted delivery of CpG ODNs and synergistically enhanced cancer immunotherapy. Aminated yeast β-D-glucan (NH2-Glu) was simply synthesized through functionalization of β-D-glucan with DETA, which exhibited a dendrimer-like shape with size of about 80 nm. NH2-Glu complexed negatively-charged CpG ODNs. The as-prepared NH2-Glu/CpG complexes were positively charged, uniformly dispersed and exhibited good stability against nuclease degradation. Due to the specific recognition with dectin-1 expressed on macrophages, NH2-Glu/CpG complexes targeted macrophage and exhibited significantly enhanced cellular uptake due to dectin-1-mediated endocytosis. NH2-Glu/CpG complexes showed potent immunostimulatory activity. Contributed by the inherent immunostimulatory and antitumor activity, yeast β-D-glucan functioned synergistically with CpG ODNs in inducing antitumor immunity. NH2-Glu/CpG complexes remarkably inhibited tumor growth without causing toxic effect. In summary, this work provides a facile yet efficient macrophage-targeted CpG ODNs delivery system for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijie Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhiqing Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jiawen Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Lipeng Qiu
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Jinghua Chen
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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Le NBT, Tu ATT, Zhao D, Yoshikawa C, Kawakami K, Kaizuka Y, Yamazaki T. Influence of the Charge Ratio of Guanine-Quadruplex Structure-Based CpG Oligodeoxynucleotides and Cationic DOTAP Liposomes on Cytokine Induction Profiles. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1639. [PMID: 38002321 PMCID: PMC10669863 DOI: 10.3390/biom13111639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cationic liposomes, specifically 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane (DOTAP) liposomes, serve as successful carriers for guanine-quadruplex (G4) structure-based cytosine-guanine oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODNs). The combined benefits of CpG ODNs forming a G4 structure and a non-viral vector carrier endow the ensuing complex with promising adjuvant properties. Although G4-CpG ODN-DOTAP complexes show a higher immunostimulatory effect than naked G4-CpG ODNs, the effects of the complex composition, especially charge ratios, on the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6 and interferon (IFN)-α remain unclear. Here, we examined whether charge ratios drive the bifurcation of cytokine inductions in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Linear CpG ODN-DOTAP liposome complexes formed micrometer-sized positively charged agglomerates; G4-CpG ODN-DOTAP liposome complexes with low charge ratios (0.5 and 1.5) formed ~250 nm-sized negatively charged complexes. Notably, low-charge-ratio (0.5 and 1.5) complexes induced significantly higher IL-6 and IFN-α levels simultaneously than high-charge-ratio (2 and 2.5) complexes. Moreover, confocal microscopy indicated a positive correlation between the cellular uptake of the complex and amount of cytokine induced. The observed effects of charge ratios on complex size, surface charge, and affinity for factors that modify cellular-uptake, intracellular-activity, and cytokine-production efficiency highlight the importance of a rational complex design for delivering and controlling G4-CpG ODN activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Bui Thao Le
- Research Center for Macromolecules and Biomaterials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba 305-0047, Japan; (N.B.T.L.); (A.T.T.T.); (D.Z.); (C.Y.); (K.K.); (Y.K.)
- Division of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0808, Japan
| | - Anh Thi Tram Tu
- Research Center for Macromolecules and Biomaterials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba 305-0047, Japan; (N.B.T.L.); (A.T.T.T.); (D.Z.); (C.Y.); (K.K.); (Y.K.)
- Department of Magnetic and Biomedical Materials, Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, VNUHCM-University of Science, 227 Nguyen Van Cu Street, Ward 4, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam
- Ho Chi Minh City Campus, Vietnam National University, Linh Trung, Thu Duc, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam
| | - Dandan Zhao
- Research Center for Macromolecules and Biomaterials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba 305-0047, Japan; (N.B.T.L.); (A.T.T.T.); (D.Z.); (C.Y.); (K.K.); (Y.K.)
| | - Chiaki Yoshikawa
- Research Center for Macromolecules and Biomaterials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba 305-0047, Japan; (N.B.T.L.); (A.T.T.T.); (D.Z.); (C.Y.); (K.K.); (Y.K.)
- Division of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0808, Japan
| | - Kohsaku Kawakami
- Research Center for Macromolecules and Biomaterials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba 305-0047, Japan; (N.B.T.L.); (A.T.T.T.); (D.Z.); (C.Y.); (K.K.); (Y.K.)
| | - Yoshihisa Kaizuka
- Research Center for Macromolecules and Biomaterials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba 305-0047, Japan; (N.B.T.L.); (A.T.T.T.); (D.Z.); (C.Y.); (K.K.); (Y.K.)
| | - Tomohiko Yamazaki
- Research Center for Macromolecules and Biomaterials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba 305-0047, Japan; (N.B.T.L.); (A.T.T.T.); (D.Z.); (C.Y.); (K.K.); (Y.K.)
- Division of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0808, Japan
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Cheng T, Yan T, Wu J, Wang Q, Zhang H. Yeast β-D-glucan functionalized graphene oxide for macrophage-targeted delivery of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides and synergistically enhanced antitumor immunity. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 234:123432. [PMID: 36716835 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Immunostimulatory CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODNs) show strong potential in cancer immunotherapy. However, therapeutic efficacy of CpG ODNs is hindered due to rapid nuclease degradation and insufficient cellular uptake. Transfecting CpG ODNs into antigen presenting cells (APCs) is vital to enhance their therapeutic efficacy while reduce the potential side effects. Herein, a multifunctional CpG ODNs vector was fabricated through functionalization of graphene oxide (GO) with yeast β-D-glucan, and its potential in cancer immunotherapy was further investigated. GO-β-D-glucan protected CpG ODNs from nuclease digestion. β-D-glucan endowed the delivery system with targeting ability for macrophage due to its recognition with dectin-1. Thus, GO-β-D-glucan enhanced the delivery of CpG ODNs into RAW264.7 cells due to dectin-1-mediated endocytosis. More importantly, β-D-glucan functioned synergistically with CpG ODNs in inducing antitumor immunity. GO-β-D-glucan/CpG ODNs inhibited the tumor cells growth more effectively. This work provides a macrophage-targeted CpG ODNs delivery system for cancer immunotherapy. Graphic abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Cheng
- Department of Oncology, Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital, Wuxi 214000, China
| | - Ting Yan
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jinwei Wu
- Department of Oncology, Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital, Wuxi 214000, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Oncology, Wuxi No.2 People's Hospital, Wuxi 214000, China.
| | - Huijie Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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Liu M, Thijssen S, Hennink WE, Garssen J, van Nostrum CF, Willemsen LM. Oral pretreatment with β-lactoglobulin derived peptide and CpG co-encapsulated in PLGA nanoparticles prior to sensitizations attenuates cow's milk allergy development in mice. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1053107. [PMID: 36703973 PMCID: PMC9872660 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1053107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cow's milk allergy is a common food allergy among infants. Improved hygiene conditions and loss of microbial diversity are associated with increased risk of allergy development. The intestinal immune system is essential for oral tolerance induction. In this respect, bacterial CpG DNA is known to drive Th1 and regulatory T-cell (Treg) development via Toll-Like-Receptor 9 (TLR-9) signaling, skewing away from the allergic Th2 phenotype. We aimed to induce allergen specific tolerance via oral delivery of poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (NP) co-encapsulated with a selected β-lactoglobulin derived peptide (BLG-Pep) and TLR-9 ligand CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG). In vivo, 3-4-week-old female C3H/HeOuJ mice housed in individually ventilated cages received 6-consecutive-daily gavages of either PBS, whey, BLG-Pep/NP, CpG/NP, a mixture of BLG-Pep/NP plus CpG/NP or co-encapsulated BLG-Pep+CpG/NP, before 5-weekly oral sensitizations with whey plus cholera toxin (CT) or only CT (sham) and were challenged with whey 5 days after the last sensitization. The co-encapsulated BLG-Pep+CpG/NP pretreatment, but not BLG-Pep/NP, CpG/NP or the mixture of BLG-Pep/NP plus CpG/NP, prevented the whey-induced allergic skin reactivity and prevented rise in serum BLG-specific IgE compared to whey-sensitized mice. Importantly, co-encapsulated BLG-Pep+CpG/NP pretreatment reduced dendritic cell (DC) activation and lowered the frequencies of PD-L1+ DC in the mesenteric lymph nodes compared to whey-sensitized mice. By contrast, co-encapsulated BLG-Pep+CpG/NP pretreatment increased the frequency of splenic PD-L1+ DC compared to the BLG-Pep/NP plus CpG/NP recipients, in association with lower Th2 development and increased Treg/Th2 and Th1/Th2 ratios in the spleen. Oral administration of PLGA NP co-encapsulated with BLG-Pep and CpG prevented rise in serum BLG-specific IgE and symptom development while lowering splenic Th2 cell frequency in these mice which were kept under strict hygienic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengshan Liu
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands,Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Suzan Thijssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Wim E. Hennink
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands,Department of Immunology, Nutricia Research B.V., Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Cornelus F. van Nostrum
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Linette E. M. Willemsen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands,*Correspondence: Linette E. M. Willemsen,
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Hu F, Wang Y, Hu J, Bao Z, Wang M. Comparative study of the impact of dietary supplementation with different types of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODNs) on enhancing intestinal microbiota diversity, antioxidant capacity, and immune-related gene expression profiles in Pacific white shrimp ( Litopenaeus vannamei). Front Immunol 2023; 14:1190590. [PMID: 37180130 PMCID: PMC10174297 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1190590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODNs) reportedly possess the capacity to strengthen immunity in mammals. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the impact of dietary supplementation with 17 types of CpG ODNs on intestinal microbiota diversity, antioxidant capacity, and immune-related gene expression profiles of the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Diets including 50 mg kg-1 CpG ODNs wrapped in egg whites were prepared and divided into 17 different groups, with 2 control groups (normal feed and feed with egg whites). These CpG ODNs supplemented diets and the control diets were fed to L. vannamei (5.15 ± 0.54 g) three times daily at 5%-8% shrimp body weight for three weeks. The results of consecutive detection of intestinal microbiota by 16S rDNA sequencing indicated that 11 of the 17 types of CpG ODNs significantly enhanced intestinal microbiota diversity, increased the populations of several probiotic bacteria, and activated possible mechanisms relevant to diseases. The immune-related genes expression and antioxidant capacity in hepatopancreas further demonstrated that the 11 types of CpG ODNs effectively improved the innate immunity of shrimp. Additionally, histology results showed that the CpG ODNs in the experiment did not damage the tissue structure of hepatopancreas. The results suggest that CpG ODNs could be used as a trace supplement to improve the intestinal health and immunity of shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province of Sanya Oceanographic Institute, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yan Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province of Sanya Oceanographic Institute, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, China
| | - Jingjie Hu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province of Sanya Oceanographic Institute, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, and Center for Marine Molecular Biotechnology, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhenmin Bao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province of Sanya Oceanographic Institute, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, and Center for Marine Molecular Biotechnology, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, China
| | - Mengqiang Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province of Sanya Oceanographic Institute, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Sanya, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, and Center for Marine Molecular Biotechnology, Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Mengqiang Wang,
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Zhao D, Tu ATT, Shobo M, Le NBT, Yoshikawa C, Sugai K, Hakamata Y, Yamazaki T. Non-Modified CpG Oligodeoxynucleotide Forming Guanine-Quadruplex Structure Complexes with ε-Poly- L-Lysine Induce Antibody Production as Vaccine Adjuvants. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12121868. [PMID: 36551297 PMCID: PMC9775190 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Unmethylated cytosine-phosphate-guanosine oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODNs) induce inflammatory cytokines and type I interferons (IFNs) to activate the immune system. To apply CpG ODNs as vaccine adjuvants, the cellular uptake and stability of phosphodiester-based, non-modified ODNs require further improvement. Previously developed new CpG ODNs forming guanine-quadruplex (G4) structures showed higher nuclease resistance and cellular uptake than linear CpG ODNs; however, the complex formation of G4-CpG ODNs with antigen proteins is necessary for their application as vaccine adjuvants. In this study, we utilized a cationic polymer, ε-poly-L-lysine (ε-PLL), as a carrier for G4-CpG ODNs and antigen. The ε-PLL/G4-CpG ODN complex exhibited enhanced stability against nucleases. Cellular uptake of the ε-PLL/G4-CpG ODN complex positively correlated with the N/P ratio. In comparison to naked G4-CpG ODNs, the ε-PLL/G4-CpG ODN complex induced extremely high levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-12, and IFN-β. Relative immune cytokine production was successfully tuned by N/P ratio modification. Mice with the ε-PLL/G4-CpG ODN/ovalbumin (OVA) complex showed increased OVA-specific immunoglobulin (Ig)G, IgG1, and IgG2c levels, whereas total IgE levels did not increase and weight gain rates were not affected. Therefore, ε-PLL can serve as a safe and effective phosphodiester-based, non-modified CpG ODN delivery system, and the ε-PLL/G4-CpG ODN/antigen complex is a highly promising candidate for vaccine adjuvants and can be further used in clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Zhao
- Research Center for Functional Materials (RCFM), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1, Sengen, Tsukuba 305-0047, Japan
| | - Anh Thi Tram Tu
- Research Center for Functional Materials (RCFM), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1, Sengen, Tsukuba 305-0047, Japan
- Division of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0808, Japan
- Department of Magnetic and Biomedical Materials, Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, University of Science, 227 Nguyen Van Cu Street, Ward 4, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam
- Ho Chi Minh City Campus, Vietnam National University, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, Vietnam
| | - Miwako Shobo
- Research Center for Functional Materials (RCFM), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1, Sengen, Tsukuba 305-0047, Japan
| | - Nguyen Bui Thao Le
- Research Center for Functional Materials (RCFM), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1, Sengen, Tsukuba 305-0047, Japan
- Division of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0808, Japan
| | - Chiaki Yoshikawa
- Research Center for Functional Materials (RCFM), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1, Sengen, Tsukuba 305-0047, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Sugai
- School of Veterinary Nursing and Technology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonancho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Yoji Hakamata
- School of Veterinary Nursing and Technology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonancho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Yamazaki
- Research Center for Functional Materials (RCFM), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1, Sengen, Tsukuba 305-0047, Japan
- Division of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0808, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-29-859-2345; Fax: +81-29-859-2449
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9
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Ho HM, Huang CY, Yang CH, Liu SJ, Chen HW, Yu GY, Chen JK, Chuang TH, Huang MH. Formulation of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein with CpG Oligodeoxynucleotides and Squalene Nanoparticles Modulates Immunological Aspects Following Intranasal Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14112539. [PMID: 36432730 PMCID: PMC9693849 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasal spray vaccination is viewed as a promising strategy for inducing both mucosal and systemic protection against respiratory SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. Toward this goal, a safe and efficacious mucosal adjuvant is necessary for the transportation of the antigen across the mucosal membrane and antigen recognition by the mucosal immune system to generate broad-spectrum immune responses. This study describes the immunological aspects of SARS-CoV-2 spike (S)-protein after being formulated with CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) and squalene nanoparticles (termed PELC). Following intranasal delivery in mice, higher expression levels of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II and costimulatory molecules CD40 and CD86 on CD11c+ cells were observed at the draining superficial cervical lymph nodes in the CpG-formulated S protein group compared with those vaccinated with S protein alone. Subsequently, the activated antigen-presenting cells downstream modulated the cytokine secretion profiles and expanded the cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity of S protein-restimulated splenocytes. Interestingly, the presence of PELC synergistically enhanced cell-mediated immunity and diminished individual differences in S protein-specific immunogenicity. Regarding humoral responses, the mice vaccinated with the PELC:CpG-formulated S protein promoted the production of S protein-specific IgG in serum samples and IgA in nasal and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids. These results indicate that PELC:CpG is a potential mucosal adjuvant that promotes mucosal/systemic immune responses and cell-mediated immunity, a feature that has implications for the development of a nasal spray vaccine against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Min Ho
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Yi Huang
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hsiang Yang
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jen Liu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Wei Chen
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Guann-Yi Yu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Kun Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Hsien Chuang
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsi Huang
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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10
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Liu J, Guo L, Mi Z, Liu Z, Rong P, Zhou W. Vascular bursts-mediated tumor accumulation and deep penetration of spherical nucleic acids for synergistic radio-immunotherapy. J Control Release 2022:S0168-3659(22)00368-6. [PMID: 35750133 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
While nanomedicines have attracted great interests for tumor therapy, their targeting and intra-tumoral penetrating efficiencies have been questioned. Here, we report a two-step low-dose radiotherapy (RT) strategy to realize significant accumulation and deep penetration of spherical nucleic acids (SNAs)-based nanomedicine for synergistic radio-immunotherapy. The first step RT was employed to recruit large amounts of macrophages into tumor. The tumor infiltrated macrophages not only served as nanoparticles drug depots, but also elicited dynamic bursts extravasation to enhance nanoparticles accumulation. We optimized the spatiotemporal combination of RT and SNAs administration for higher level of SNAs delivery, and the delivered SNAs promote M2-to-M1 phenotype switch of macrophages to increase phagocytosis of nanoparticles by 6-fold, resulting in positive feedback with even higher accumulation and intra-tumor penetration of SNAs. Through vascular bursts and macrophage repolarization, as high as 25-fold enhancement of nanoparticles accumulation was achieved as compared to passive targeting of nanoparticles, and the nanoparticles were eventually distributed throughout the tumor tissue with efficient deep penetration. Finally, SNAs in tumor simultaneously sensitized the second dose of RT and remodeled tumor immune microenvironment, resulting in a synergistic anticancer therapy in combination of anti-PD-L1 antibody (αPD-L1) with no noticeable side effects caused by either RT or αPD-L1.
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11
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Tu ATT, Hoshi K, Shobo M, Yamazaki T. G-quadruplex-based CpG oligodeoxynucleotide/DOTAP complex strongly stimulates immunity in CpG motif-specific and loop-length-dependent manners. Nanomedicine 2022; 40:102508. [PMID: 34906721 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2021.102508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Guanine-quadruplex (G4) oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) that contain unmethylated cytosine-phosphate-guanine motifs (G4 CpG ODN) with phosphodiester backbones are safer than the phosphorothioate (PT)-modified CpG ODNs recently used as vaccine adjuvants. However, cellular uptake and the nuclease stability of G4 CpG ODNs are still insufficient, resulting in lower immunostimulatory activity than PT-modified CpG ODNs. We aimed to enhance the immunostimulatory properties of G4 CpG ODNs by complexing with the cationic liposome 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane (DOTAP). The complex acquired nuclease resistance and improved cellular uptake. The immunostimulatory activity of the G4 CpG ODN-DOTAP lipoplexes was enhanced to a level comparable to that of PT-modified ODNs. In addition, the lipoplexes based on unmodified G4 CpG ODNs demonstrated CpG motif-specific immunostimulant activity, although PT-modified ODNs lacking the CpG motif could activate human immune cells. Interestingly, G4 CpG ODN-DOTAP lipoplexes induced interferon-α production in a loop-length dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh Thi Tram Tu
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan; Division of Life Science, Hokkaido university, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Hoshi
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Miwako Shobo
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Yamazaki
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan; Division of Life Science, Hokkaido university, Sapporo, Japan.
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Shukla A, Cano-Mejia J, Andricovich J, Burga RA, Sweeney EE, Fernandes R. An Engineered Prussian Blue Nanoparticles-based Nanoimmunotherapy Elicits Robust and Persistent Immunological Memory in a TH-MYCN Neuroblastoma Model. Adv Nanobiomed Res 2021; 1. [PMID: 34435194 DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202100021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A combination therapy using Prussian blue nanoparticles (PBNP) as photothermal therapy (PTT) agents coated with CpG oligodeoxynucleotides, an immunologic adjuvant, as a nanoimmunotherapy (CpG-PBNP-PTT) for neuroblastoma (NB) is described. NB driven by MYCN amplification confers high risk and correlates with a dismal prognosis, accounting for the majority of NB-related mortality. The efficacy of the CpG-PBNP-PTT nanoimmunotherapy in a clinically relevant, TH-MYCN murine NB model (9464D) overexpressing MYCN is tested. When administered to 9464D NB cells in vitro, CpG-PBNP-PTT triggers thermal dose-dependent immunogenic cell death and tumor cell priming for immune recognition in vitro, measured by the expression of specific costimulatory and antigen-presenting molecules. In vivo, intratumorally administered CpG-PBNP-PTT generates complete tumor regression and significantly higher long-term survival compared to controls. Furthermore, CpG-PBNP-PTT-treated mice reject tumor rechallenge. Ex vivo studies confirm these therapeutic responses result from the generation of robust T cell-mediated immunological memory. Consequently, in a synchronous 9464D tumor model, CpG-PBNP-PTT induces complete tumor regression on the treated flank and significantly slows tumor progression on the untreated flank, improving animal survival. These findings demonstrate that localized administration of the CpG-PBNP-PTT nanoimmunotherapy drives potent systemic T cell responses in solid tumors such as NB and therefore has therapeutic implications for NB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshi Shukla
- The George Washington Cancer Center, The George Washington University, 800 22nd St NW, Science and Engineering Hall 8 Floor, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Juliana Cano-Mejia
- The George Washington Cancer Center, The George Washington University, 800 22nd St NW, Science and Engineering Hall 8 Floor, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Jaclyn Andricovich
- The George Washington Cancer Center, The George Washington University, 800 22nd St NW, Science and Engineering Hall 8 Floor, Washington, DC 20052, USA.,The Institute for Biomedical Sciences, The George Washington University,2300 Eye Street NW, Ross Hall Room 561, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Rachel A Burga
- The George Washington Cancer Center, The George Washington University, 800 22nd St NW, Science and Engineering Hall 8 Floor, Washington, DC 20052, USA.,The Institute for Biomedical Sciences, The George Washington University,2300 Eye Street NW, Ross Hall Room 561, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Elizabeth E Sweeney
- The George Washington Cancer Center, The George Washington University, 800 22nd St NW, Science and Engineering Hall 8 Floor, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Rohan Fernandes
- The George Washington Cancer Center, The George Washington University, 800 22nd St NW, Science and Engineering Hall 8 Floor, Washington, DC 20052, USA
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Novoa MB, Sarli M, Reidel IG, Veaute C, Valentini B, Primo ME. Neospora caninum truncated recombinant proteins formulated with liposomes and CpG-ODNs triggered a humoral immune response in cattle after immunisation and challenge. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2021; 238:110285. [PMID: 34146834 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2021.110285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Abortions caused by Neospora caninum are a serious problem in cattle production and require effective immunoprophylaxis. The objective of this work was to assess the humoral immune response to four recombinant (r) N. caninum antigens in cattle after immunisation and challenge. MIC1 and MIC3 proteins from the micronemes, SRS2 from the surface of tachyzoites, and GRA7 from the dense granules were expressed as truncated recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli. Cationic liposomes (Lip) and CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODNs) were used as adjuvant. Steers were assigned to three groups of six steers each and were inoculated twice subcutaneously, 21 days apart. The rP + Lip + CpG-ODN group received the truncated recombinant proteins rMIC1, rMIC3, rSRS2 and rGRA7 formulated with the adjuvant; the Lip + CpG-ODN group received the adjuvant alone; and the PBS group received sterile phosphate-buffered saline. All steers were subcutaneously challenged with the NC-1 strain of N. caninum 35 days after the second dose of immunisation. Steers from the rP + Lip + CpG-ODN group developed specific IgG, IgG1 and IgG2 against the four recombinant proteins after immunisation. After challenge, IgG against rMIC1 and rMIC3 was detected in rP + Lip + CpG-ODN group and against rSRS2 and rGRA7 in all groups. IgG1 and IgG2 against the four recombinant proteins remained high after challenge in the rP + Lip + CpG-ODN group. Indirect ELISA detected anti-N. caninum antibodies after challenge in all groups, with the highest level of antibodies being detected in the rP + Lip + CpG-ODN group. The recombinant vaccine formulated with rMIC1, rMIC3, rSRS2 and rGRA7 using Lip + CpG-ODN as adjuvant was immunogenic in cattle and the humoral immune response after challenge was enhanced in vaccinated cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Belén Novoa
- Instituto de Investigación de la Cadena Láctea (INTA-CONICET), Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela, Route 34, km 227, 2300, Rafaela, Argentina.
| | - Macarena Sarli
- Instituto de Investigación de la Cadena Láctea (INTA-CONICET), Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela, Route 34, km 227, 2300, Rafaela, Argentina
| | - Ivana Gabriela Reidel
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Experimental, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, S3000ZAA, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Carolina Veaute
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Experimental, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, S3000ZAA, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Beatriz Valentini
- Instituto de Investigación de la Cadena Láctea (INTA-CONICET), Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela, Route 34, km 227, 2300, Rafaela, Argentina
| | - María Evangelina Primo
- Instituto de Investigación de la Cadena Láctea (INTA-CONICET), Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela, Route 34, km 227, 2300, Rafaela, Argentina
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14
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Wang Z, van Drunen Littel-van den Hurk S, Chen L. Chitosan nanoparticles fabricated through host-guest interaction for enhancing the immunostimulatory effect of CpG oligodeoxynucleotide. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 271:118417. [PMID: 34364558 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODNs) which can induce innate immune responses and promote adaptive immune responses, are powerful tools in defeating diseases. Here, a novel chitosan nanoparticle (CS-NPs) based on host-guest interaction has been designed for encapsulation and delivery of CpG ODNs for the first time. The CS-NPs exhibited high encapsulation efficiency (98.3%) of CpG ODNs and remained stable in storage under room temperature for at least 7 days. CS-NPs can also prevent CpG ODN diffusion at pH 7. The results of confocal laser scanning microscope images and flow cytometry show that CS-NPs can also be efficiently delivered into living cells. Furthermore, CpG@CS-NPs can increase the immunostimulatory activity of CpG ODNs. Raw 264.7 cells treated with CpG@CS-NPs demonstrated upregulation of both TNF-α and IL-6 cytokines by 13% and 40%, respectively. The newly developed CpG@CS-NPs were thus identified as an efficient system to deliver CpG-ODNs to treat various diseases.
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15
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Zhang H, Cheng H, Han Y, Jin Y, Wang G, Sun C, Jiang W, Han G, Sun B, Jiang Z, Yuan Z, Zhou J, Ding Y. Natural discoidal lipoproteins with tiny modification for tumor extracellular dissociation in antitumor chemoimmunotherapy. Biomaterials 2021; 275:120859. [PMID: 34087586 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Appealing cancer immunotherapy requires synchronous presentation of tumor antigens and immunoadjuvant. Herein, a "one-step" modification strategy is proposed to tinily remould endogenous discoidal high density lipoprotein (dHDL) for tumor-homing and site-specific chemoimmunotherapy. For molecular targeting therapy, lipophilic immunoadjuvant CpG oligodeoxynucleotides is conjugated to facilitate HDL-surface anchoring; and GC nucleotides provide enough reservoir for completion of doxorubicin (Dox) "sandwich". After administration, the tiny size (~30 nm) of disc nanodrug can maneuver deeply into tumors for receptor binding and in situ structural collapse. The intracellular concentrated CpG-Dox induce potent immunogenic cell death from burst Dox liberation at acidic pH. In turn, the released antigens and CpG motifs are simultaneously recognized by dendritic cells for antigen presentation and antitumor T cell responses. Combination chemoimmunotherapy with discoidal nanodrugs performed highest tumor weight inhibitory of 93.2% and extend the median survival time at a safe level. Collectively, this study suggests that the minimalist revolution of natural dHDL particulates may provide a biomimicry nanoplatform for site-specific amplified chemoimmunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210009, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Hao Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yue Han
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yi Jin
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Chenhua Sun
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Wenxin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Guochen Han
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Bo Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Carolina Center for Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence, Carolina Institute of Nanomedicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Zijun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Zhou Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jianping Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, 210009, China; State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Yang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Preparations and Excipients, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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16
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Li T, Hua C, Yue W, Wu J, Lv X, Wei Q, Zhu S, Zang G, Cui J, Liu YJ, Chen J. Discrepant antitumor efficacies of three CpG oligodeoxynucleotide classes in monotherapy and co-therapy with PD-1 blockade. Pharmacol Res 2020; 161:105293. [PMID: 33176206 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Unmethylated CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) activate plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) and B cells to induce humoral and cellular immunity, and are under development for the treatment of multiple cancers. However, the specific differences in antitumor effects among the three CpG ODN classes when administered as a monotherapy or in co-therapy with the anti-PD-1 antibody are unclear. We compared the immunostimulatory effects in vitro and antitumor effects in a CT26 subcutaneous mouse tumor model among the three CpG ODN classes. We found that CpG-A slightly suppressed tumor growth but possessed no synergistic antitumor effects with the anti-PD-1 antibody. CpG-B at low doses significantly inhibited tumor growth and possessed synergistic antitumor effects with the anti-PD-1 antibody. A high dose of CpG-C was required to achieve antitumor effects comparable to those of CpG-B, which was consistent with the immunostimulatory effects in B-cell proliferation and TLR9-NF-κB activation. Importantly, CpG-C in combination with anti-PD-1 antibody inhibited tumor growth more quickly and effectively than CpG-B because CpG-B significantly upregulated PD-L1 expression on multiple host immune cells to promote tumor immune escape. Moreover, co-therapy increased the infiltration of effector memory T cells. In summary, CpG-B and CpG-C with different optimal concentrations possessed strong antitumor effects, while CpG-C was more rapid and effective for co-therapy with the anti-PD-1 antibody.
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17
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Cano-Mejia J, Shukla A, Ledezma DK, Palmer E, Villagra A, Fernandes R. CpG-coated prussian blue nanoparticles-based photothermal therapy combined with anti-CTLA-4 immune checkpoint blockade triggers a robust abscopal effect against neuroblastoma. Transl Oncol 2020; 13:100823. [PMID: 32652470 PMCID: PMC7348061 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
High-risk neuroblastoma, which is associated with regional and systemic metastasis, is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality in children. Responding to this need for novel therapies for high-risk patients, we have developed a "nanoimmunotherapy," which combines photothermal therapy (PTT) using CpG oligodeoxynucleotide-coated Prussian blue nanoparticles (CpG-PBNPs) combined with anti-CTLA-4 (aCTLA-4) immunotherapy. Our in vitro studies demonstrate that in addition to causing ablative tumor cell death, our nanoimmunotherapy alters the surface levels of co-stimulatory, antigen-presenting, and co-inhibitory molecules on neuroblastoma tumor cells. When administered in a syngeneic, murine model of neuroblastoma bearing synchronous Neuro2a tumors, the CpG-PBNP-PTT plus aCTLA-4 nanoimmunotherapy elicits complete tumor regression in both primary (CpG-PBNP-PTT-treated) and secondary tumors, and long-term survival in a significantly higher proportion (55.5%) of treated-mice compared with the controls. Furthermore, the surviving, nanoimmunotherapy-treated animals reject Neuro2a rechallenge, suggesting that the therapy generates immunological memory. Additionally, the depletion of CD4+, CD8+, and NK+ populations abrogate the observed therapeutic responses of the nanoimmunotherapy. These findings demonstrate the importance of concurrent PTT-based cytotoxicity and the antitumor immune effects of PTT, CpG, and aCTLA-4 in generating a robust abscopal effect against neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Cano-Mejia
- The George Washington Cancer Center, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA; Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Anshi Shukla
- The George Washington Cancer Center, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Debbie K Ledezma
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA; The Institute for Biomedical Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Erica Palmer
- The George Washington Cancer Center, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Alejandro Villagra
- The George Washington Cancer Center, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Rohan Fernandes
- The George Washington Cancer Center, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA; The Institute for Biomedical Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA; Department of Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA.
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18
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Lin AY, Rink JS, Karmali R, Xu J, Kocherginsky M, Thaxton CS, Gordon LI. Tri-ethylene glycol modified class B and class C CpG conjugated gold nanoparticles for the treatment of lymphoma. Nanomedicine 2020; 30:102290. [PMID: 32798731 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2020.102290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpGs) can induce an anti-tumor immune response, but also uniquely cause direct lymphoma cytotoxicity. To improve the delivery and efficacy of CpGs, we utilized a tri-ethylene modified CpG conjugated gold nanoparticle (tmCpG NP) platform that is compatible with both class B and class C CpGs, to treat various types of lymphoma, including diffuse large B cell lymphoma, high-grade lymphoma, Burkitt's lymphoma, and mantle cell lymphoma. Both classes of tmCpG NPs reduced viability of human and murine lymphoma cells via apoptosis compared with free CpGs, while having no toxic effects on dendritic cells. TmCpG NPs increased CD19, CD20, and OX40 expression on the lymphoma cells. Overall, we introduced a stable tmCpG NP design that has significant anti-lymphoma effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Yuh Lin
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Jonathan Scott Rink
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Reem Karmali
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jiahui Xu
- Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Masha Kocherginsky
- Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Colby Shad Thaxton
- Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Leo I Gordon
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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Wang H, Yu W, Li H, Zheng Y, Chen Z, Lin H, Shen Y. N-Acetyl-l-Leucine-Polyethyleneimine-Mediated Delivery of CpG Oligodeoxynucleotides 2006 Inhibits RAW264.7 Cell Osteoclastogenesis. Drug Des Devel Ther 2020; 14:2657-2665. [PMID: 32764870 PMCID: PMC7368329 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s241826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODN) play important roles in resisting inflammation and bone resorption. However, the inherent instability and rapid degradation hinder their wider application. This study aimed to evaluate whether N-acetyl-L-leucine-modified polyethyleneimine (N-Ac-L-Leu-PEI) could effectively deliver CpG ODN 2006 to RAW264.7 cells and and if it can regulate osteoclastogenesis in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS Gel retardation assay was conducted to evaluate whether N- Ac-L-Leu-PEI and CpG ODN could form a stable complex. RAW264.7 cells were divided into four groups of control group, ODN group, phosphorothioate ODN group and N-Ac-L-Leu-PEI/ODN group. Fluorescence assay was conducted to evaluate the transfection rate of ODNs in different groups. Cell viability was determined by MTT assay. Cell apoptosis was determined by live-dead cell staining and flow cytometry assay. Relative expression levels of osteoclastic differentiation factors, including Nfatc, c-fos, receptor activator of nuclear factor κB (RANK), and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), were determined by real-time PCR and Western blot. RESULTS N-Ac-L-Leu-PEI and CpG ODN could form a stable complex at a mass ratio of 1:1 (w:w). MTT assay showed that the cell viability of N-Ac-L-Leu-PEI was relatively high even at a mass ratio of 8 μg/mL. The transfection rate of N-Ac-L-Leu-PEI-ODN complex was higher than 90%. The cell proliferation and apoptosis was significantly enhanced in N-Ac-L-Leu-PEI- CpG ODN group when compared to those in phosphorothioate CpG ODN. The expression levels of Nfatc, c-fos, RANK, and MMP9 were significantly decreased in N-Ac-L-Leu-PEI/ODN complex group. DISCUSSION N-Ac-L-Leu-PEI could be a potential gene vehicle for the prevention of periodontitis-mediated bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huining Wang
- Department of Periodontics, Institute of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou325027, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenwen Yu
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin130021, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Orthodontics, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, Nankai University, Tianjin300041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongyan Li
- Department of Periodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin130021,People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Periodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin130021,People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin130061, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Department of Periodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin130021,People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongbing Lin
- Department of Periodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin130021,People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuqin Shen
- Department of Periodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin130021,People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin130061, People’s Republic of China
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Shibuya M, Aoshi T, Kuroda E, Yoshioka Y. Murine Cross-Reactive Nonneutralizing Polyclonal IgG1 Antibodies Induced by Influenza Vaccine Inhibit the Cross-Protective Effect of IgG2 against Heterologous Virus in Mice. J Virol 2020; 94:e00323-20. [PMID: 32269125 DOI: 10.1128/JVI.00323-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Annual vaccination against influenza viruses is the most reliable and efficient way to prevent and control annual epidemics and protect from severe influenza disease. However, current split influenza vaccines are generally not effective against antigenically mismatched (heterologous) strains. To broaden the protective spectrum of influenza vaccines, adjuvants that can induce cross-reactive antibodies with cross-protection via Fc-mediated effector functions are urgently sought. Although IgG2 antibodies are generally more efficient than IgG1 antibodies in Fc-mediated effector functions, it is not yet clear which IgG isotypes show superior cross-protection against heterologous strains. It also remains unclear whether these IgG isotypes interfere with each other's protective effects. Here, we found that influenza split vaccine adjuvanted with aluminum salts, which predominantly induce cross-reactive IgG1, did not confer cross-protection against heterologous virus challenge in mice. In contrast, split vaccine adjuvanted with CpG oligodeoxynucleotides, which predominantly induce cross-reactive IgG2, showed cross-protection through the interaction of cross-reactive nonneutralizing IgG2 and alveolar macrophages, indicating the importance of cross-reactive nonneutralizing IgG2 for cross-protection. Furthermore, by using serum samples from immunized mice and isolated polyclonal antibodies, we show that vaccine-induced cross-reactive nonneutralizing IgG1 suppress the cross-protective effects of IgG2 by competitively inhibiting the binding of IgG2 to virus. Thus, we demonstrate the new concept that cross-reactive IgG1 may interfere with the potential for cross-protection of influenza vaccine. We propose that adjuvants that selectively induce virus-specific IgG2 in mice, such as CpG oligodeoxynucleotides, are optimal for heterologous protection.IMPORTANCE Current influenza vaccines are generally effective against highly similar virus strains by inducing neutralizing antibodies. However, these antibodies fail to neutralize antigenically mismatched (heterologous) strains and therefore provide limited protection against them. Efforts are being made to develop vaccines with cross-protective ability that would protect broadly against heterologous strains, because the mismatch between predicted and epidemic strains cannot always be avoided, resulting in low vaccine efficacy. Here, we show that nonneutralizing IgG2 antibodies induced by an optimal adjuvant play a crucial role in cross-protection against heterologous virus challenge in mice. Furthermore, nonneutralizing polyclonal IgG1 suppressed the cross-protective effects of nonneutralizing polyclonal IgG2 by competitively blocking the binding of IgG2 to its antigen. These data shed new light on the importance of IgG isotypes and the selection of appropriate adjuvants for the development of universal influenza vaccines. Furthermore, our findings are applicable to the rational design of vaccines against other pathogens.
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Abstract
CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) have attracted increasing attention as immunotherapeutic agents. However, efficient transfection of CpG ODNs into the immune cells remains a big challenge. In this study, for the first time, we reported that silk fibroin (SF) could function as an efficient carrier for CpG ODNs. A novel strategy was developed to prepare SF-CpG ODNs nanoparticles (NPs) based on self-assembly of SF. The as-prepared SF-CpG NPs were spherical in shape and were uniformly dispersed. SF-CpG NPs exhibited good stability and biocompatibility. SF-CpG NPs possessed significantly enhanced (7 folds) cellular uptake compared with CpG ODNs. Release of CpG ODNs from SF-CpG NPs was accelerated in environment-mimicking TLR9-localized endo/lysosome. SF-CpG NPs stimulated about four folds higher levels of immune cytokines and nitric oxide compared with CpG ODNs. Our results suggested that SF notably improved the CpG ODNs delivery. SF-CpG NPs have strong potential in immunotherapy.
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Miller CR, Heerema NA. Culture and Harvest of CpG-Stimulated Peripheral Blood or Bone Marrow in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1881:27-34. [PMID: 30350195 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8876-1_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Chromosome analysis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is an important clinical tool for evaluating prognosis and disease progression. Visualizing chromosomes microscopically using traditional cytogenetic techniques requires dividing cells to be arrested during metaphase. The major challenge for performing this analysis on CLL samples is stimulating the cells to divide in culture. Stimulation of CLL cells with CpG oligodeoxynucleotides has improved our ability to perform chromosome analysis for this leukemia. This protocol should help the reader successfully culture CLL samples for clinical chromosome analysis.
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Iliev DB, Lagos L, Thim HL, Jørgensen SM, Krasnov A, Jørgensen JB. CpGs Induce Differentiation of Atlantic Salmon Mononuclear Phagocytes Into Cells With Dendritic Morphology and a Proinflammatory Transcriptional Profile but an Exhausted Allostimulatory Activity. Front Immunol 2019; 10:378. [PMID: 30918507 PMCID: PMC6424866 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their ability to present foreign antigens and prime naïve T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells (DCs) are referred to as professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Although activated macrophages may function as APCs, these cells are particularly effective at directly engaging pathogens through phagocytosis, and production of antimicrobial compounds. On the other hand, DCs possess superb antigen-presenting and costimulatory capacity and they are essential for commencement and regulation of adaptive immune responses. In in vitro models, development of mature mammalian DCs from monocytes requires sequential exposure to growth factors (including GM-CSF and IL-4) and proinflammatory stimuli such as toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands. Currently, except for IL-4/13, neither orthologs nor functional analogs of the growth factors which are essential for the differentiation of mammalian DCs (including GM-CSF and FLT3) have been identified in teleosts and data about differentiation of piscine APCs is scant. In the present study, primary salmon mononuclear phagocytes (MPs) stimulated in vitro for 5-7 days with a B-class CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN 2006PS) underwent morphological differentiation and developed "dendritic" morphology, characterized by long, branching pseudopodia. Transcriptional profiling showed that these cells expressed high levels of proinflammatory mediators characteristic for M1 polarized MPs. However, the cells treated with CpGs for 7 days downregulated their surface MHCII molecules as well as their capacity to endocytose ovalbumin and exhibited attenuated allostimulatory activity. This concurred with transcriptional downregulation of costimulatory CD80/86 and upregulation of inhibitory CD274 (B7-H1) genes. Despite their exhausted allostimulatory activity, these cells were still responsive to re-stimulation with gardiquimod (a TLR7/8 ligand) and further upregulated a wide array of immune genes including proinflammatory mediators such as intereukin-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor. Overall, the presented data highlight the disparate effects TLR ligands may have on the proinflammatory status of APCs, on one side, and their antigen-presenting/costimulatory functions, on the other. These findings also indicate that despite the poor phylogenetic conservation of the growth factors involved in the differentiation of DCs, some of the processes that orchestrate the development and the differentiation of professional APCs are conserved between teleosts in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitar B Iliev
- The Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,Department of Gene Regulation, Institute of Molecular Biology 'Roumen Tsanev', Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Leidy Lagos
- The Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Hanna L Thim
- The Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | | | - Jorunn B Jørgensen
- The Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Yang Y, Che Y, Zhao Y, Wang X. Prevention and treatment of cervical cancer by a single administration of human papillomavirus peptide vaccine with CpG oligodeoxynucleotides as an adjuvant in vivo. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 69:279-288. [PMID: 30743204 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
No licensed therapeutic human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine is currently available, so it remains a high priority to develop a therapeutic HPV vaccine or prophylactic/therapeutic HPV vaccine for cervical cancer. In this current study, we designed an HPV vaccine including CpG oligodeoxynucleotides 1826 as an adjuvant and HPV16 E7 43-77 peptide as antigen, which contains a CD8 T cell epitope (E7 49-57), and two CD4 T cell epitopes (E7 43-77 and E7 50-62). The prophylactic and therapeutic effect on cervical cancer induced by a single administration of vaccine, were comprehensively evaluated by examining the tumor size and the percentage of tumor-free/bearing mice. The cellular immunity and modulation of immunosuppressive cells induced by the vaccine were evaluated by examining intracellular cytokine staining (ICS) of splenocytes and FCM, respectively. Antigen-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses were investigated using in vivo cytolytic assay. The results showed that the single administration of vaccine elicited significant prophylactic as well as therapeutic effect on cervical cancer. The increased cellular immunity mediated by CD4 + IFN-γ + T cells and CD8 + IFN-γ + T cells, and the decreased numbers of immunosuppressive cells including regulatory T cells (Tregs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) were induced by the vaccine. Antigen-specific CTL response was also induced by vaccination. These findings suggested that significant anti-tumor effect of the vaccine may result from the induction of increased cellular immunity and decreased immunosuppressive cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuxin Che
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xuelian Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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Li HT, Chen ZG, Lin YS, Liu H, Ye J, Zou XL, Wang YH, Yang HL, Zhang TT. CpG-ODNs and Budesonide Act Synergistically to Improve Allergic Responses in Combined Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma Syndrome Induced by Chronic Exposure to Ovalbumin by Modulating the TSLP-DC-OX40L Axis. Inflammation 2018; 41:1304-1320. [PMID: 29654433 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-018-0779-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The experimental model of combined allergic rhinitis and asthma syndrome (CARAS) has shown that CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODNs) are potential inhibitors of type 2 helper cell-driven inflammatory responses. Currently available CpG-ODNs modestly inhibit allergic responses in CARAS, while a combination strategy for upper airway treatment by co-administration of CpG-ODNs and glucocorticoids may show good efficacy. This study aimed to assess the therapeutic effects of CpG-ODNs combined with budesonide (BUD) on upper and lower-airway inflammation and remodeling in mice with CARAS induced by chronic exposure to ovalbumin (OVA), exploring the possible underlying molecular mechanisms. A BALB/c mouse model of chronic CARAS was established by systemic sensitization and repeated challenge with OVA. Treatment with CpG-ODNs or BUD by intranasal administration was started 1 h after OVA challenge. Then, nasal mucosa and lung tissues were fixed and stained for pathologic analysis. The resulting immunologic variables and TSLP-DC-OX40L axis parameters were evaluated. Both CpG-ODNs and BUD intranasal administration are effective on reducing Th2-type airway inflammation and tissue remodeling. Co-administration of CpG-ODNs and BUD was more effective than each monotherapy in attenuating upper and lower-airway inflammation as well as airway remodeling in chronic CARAS. Notably, combination of CpG-ODNs with BUD modulated the TSLP-DC-OX40L axis, as demonstrated by decreased TSLP production in the nose and lung, alongside decreased TSLPR and OX40L in DC. Intranasal co-administration of CpG-ODNs and BUD synergistically alleviates airway inflammation and tissue remodeling in experimental chronic CARAS, through shared cellular pathways, as a potent antagonist of the TSLP-DC-OX40L axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Tao Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuang-Gui Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Sen Lin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Ye
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Ling Zou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Hong Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Ling Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Tuo Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
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Li HT, Chen ZG, Liu H, Ye J, Zou XL, Wang YH, Yang HL, Meng P, Zhang TT. Treatment of allergic rhinitis with CpG oligodeoxynucleotides alleviates the lower airway outcomes of combined allergic rhinitis and asthma syndrome via a mechanism that possibly involves in TSLP. Exp Lung Res 2017; 42:322-33. [PMID: 27541375 DOI: 10.1080/01902148.2016.1215571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) is a critical regulator of immune responses associated with Th2 cytokine-mediated inflammation. Intranasal administration of oligodeoxynucleotides with CpG motifs (CpG-ODNs) might improve lower airway outcomes of combined allergic rhinitis and asthma syndrome (CARAS), but the inherent mechanisms of CpG-ODNs are not well defined. This study investigated whether CpG-ODNs treated to upper airway could reduce lower airway TSLP expression as well as whether this reduction could contribute to the alleviation of lower allergic inflammation and airway hyper-reactivity (AHR) in CARAS mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized BALB/c mice were intranasal OVA exposure three times a week for 3 weeks. CpG-ODNs or an anti-TSLP mAb was administered to a subset of these mice 1 hour after intranasal OVA challenge, followed by 5 days of OVA aerosol challenge. The resulting immunological variables, nasal symptoms, and nasal mucosa and lung tissues pathology were evaluated. TSLP production in the lung tissues and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were determined by RT-PCR, western blotting or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS The CARAS mice exhibited overexpression of TSLP in the lung tissues and BALF, and also demonstrated significant increases in BALF and splenocyte Th2-associated cytokine production, serum OVA-specific IgE, nose and lung pathologies, and AHR. Intranasal administration of CpG-ODNs restored TSLP in the lower airway, and it significantly reduced the following parameters: Th2-type cytokine production levels; the percentage of eosinophils in the BALF; IL-4 and IL-5 concentrations in the supernatants of cultured splenic lymphocytes; serum OVA-specific IgE; peribronchial inflammation score in the lungs; and nose pathology and nasal symptoms. Similar results were obtained when the CARAS mice were treated with an anti-TSLP mAb to block intranasal TSLP activity. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with intranasal CpG-ODNs improves lower airway immunological variable outcomes in the CARAS model via a mechanism that possibly involves in suppressing pulmonary TSLP-triggered allergic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Tao Li
- a Department of Pulmonary Diseases , Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-sen University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Zhuang-Gui Chen
- b Department of Pediatrics , The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Hui Liu
- a Department of Pulmonary Diseases , Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-sen University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Jin Ye
- c Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery , The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Xiao-Ling Zou
- a Department of Pulmonary Diseases , Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-sen University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Yan-Hong Wang
- a Department of Pulmonary Diseases , Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-sen University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Hai-Ling Yang
- a Department of Pulmonary Diseases , Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-sen University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Ping Meng
- a Department of Pulmonary Diseases , Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-sen University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Tian-Tuo Zhang
- a Department of Pulmonary Diseases , Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-sen University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
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Dykman LA, Staroverov SA, Fomin AS, Khanadeev VA, Khlebtsov BN, Bogatyrev VA. Gold nanoparticles as an adjuvant: Influence of size, shape, and technique of combination with CpG on antibody production. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 54:163-168. [PMID: 29149704 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) are advantageous as an adjuvant in the design of effective vaccines and in the preparation of high-affinity antibodies to haptens and complete antigens. Another method of activating immunocompetent cells with colloidal gold is to conjugate GNPs with CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs). We examined how the size and shape of GNPs and various combinations of GNPs and CpG ODNs 1826 affect the immune response. When animals were injected with a model antigen (BSA) coupled to gold nanospheres (diameters, 15 and 50nm), nanorods, nanoshells, and nanostars, the titers of the resultant antibodies differed substantially. The antibody titers decreased in the sequence GNPs-50nm>GNPs-15nm>nanoshells>nanostars>nanorods>native BSA. We conclude that 50 and 15nm gold nanospheres are the optimal antigen carrier and adjuvant for immunization. The highest titer of anti-BSA antibodies was detected in the blood serum of mice immunized simultaneously with BSA-GNP and CpG-GNP conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lev A Dykman
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, 13 Prospekt Entuziastov, Saratov 410049, Russia; Saratov Science Research Veterinary Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 6 Ulitsa 53-ei Strelkovoi Divizii, Saratov 410028, Russia.
| | - Sergey A Staroverov
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, 13 Prospekt Entuziastov, Saratov 410049, Russia; Saratov Science Research Veterinary Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 6 Ulitsa 53-ei Strelkovoi Divizii, Saratov 410028, Russia
| | - Alexander S Fomin
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, 13 Prospekt Entuziastov, Saratov 410049, Russia; Saratov Science Research Veterinary Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 6 Ulitsa 53-ei Strelkovoi Divizii, Saratov 410028, Russia
| | - Vitaly A Khanadeev
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, 13 Prospekt Entuziastov, Saratov 410049, Russia
| | - Boris N Khlebtsov
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, 13 Prospekt Entuziastov, Saratov 410049, Russia
| | - Vladimir A Bogatyrev
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, 13 Prospekt Entuziastov, Saratov 410049, Russia
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Appelbe OK, Moynihan KD, Flor A, Rymut N, Irvine DJ, Kron SJ. Radiation-enhanced delivery of systemically administered amphiphilic-CpG oligodeoxynucleotide. J Control Release 2017; 266:248-55. [PMID: 28987882 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Along with vaccines and checkpoint blockade, immune adjuvants may have an important role in tumor immunotherapy. Oligodeoxynucleotides containing unmethylated cytidyl guanosyl dinucleotide motifs (CpG ODN) are TLR9 ligands with attractive immunostimulatory properties, but intratumoral administration has been required to induce an effective anti-tumor immune response. Following on recent studies with radiation-targeted delivery of nanoparticles, we examined enhanced tumor-specific delivery of amphiphile-CpG, an albumin-binding analog of CpG ODN, following systemic administration 3days after tumor irradiation. The combination of radiation and CpG displayed superior tumor control over either treatment alone. Intravital imaging of fluorescently labeled amphiphilic-CpG revealed increased accumulation in irradiated tumors along with decreased off-target accumulation in visceral organs. Within 48h after amphiphile-CpG administration, immune activation could be detected by increased Granzyme B and Interferon gamma activity in the tumor as well as in circulating monocytes and activated CD8+ T cells. Using radiotherapy to enhance the targeting of CpG to tumors may help advance this once promising therapy to clinical relevance.
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Zhang H, Chen W, Gong K, Chen J. Nanoscale Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-8 as Efficient Vehicles for Enhanced Delivery of CpG Oligodeoxynucleotides. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:31519-31525. [PMID: 28841289 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b09583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) activate the immune system and induce Th 1 responses by stimulation of Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9). Thus, CpG ODNs have become immunotherapeutics against various diseases including cancers, allergies, and infection. However, applications of CpG ODNs are largely limited because of their easy degradation by DNase as well as inefficient cellular uptake. Development of efficient delivery systems capable of transferring CpG ODNs into immune cells is important to enhance their therapeutic efficacy. Herein, for the first time, we demonstrated the construction of a novel CpG ODNs delivery system by encapsulating CpG ODNs into zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) nanoparticles. ZIF-8 possessed high CpG ODNs loading capacity due to its porous structure. ZIF-8/CpG ODNs complexes exhibited good stability in a physiological environment but effectively released CpG ODNs in acid conditions corresponding to the TLR 9-localized endolysosomes. ZIF-8/CpG ODNs complexes had no cytotoxicity in contrast to ZIF-8. ZIF-8 significantly increased the intracellular uptake of CpG ODNs in RAW264.7 cells, which further enhanced the secretion of immune cytokines both in vitro and in vivo. Our results suggest that nanoscale metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) can serve as ideal vehicles for the delivery of CpG ODNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Wei Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Kai Gong
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jinghua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University , Wuxi 214122, China
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Bai L, Chen W, Chen J, Li W, Zhou L, Niu C, Han W, Cui J. Heterogeneity of Toll-like receptor 9 signaling in B cell malignancies and its potential therapeutic application. J Transl Med 2017; 15:51. [PMID: 28241765 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-017-1152-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) is expressed in a variety of B-cell malignancies and works as a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity. CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODNs), TLR9 agonists, are able to induce anticancer immune responses and exert direct effects against cancer cells, serving as cancer therapeutic agents. Therefore, TLR9 might be a potential therapeutic target for drug development. However, several new evidences have revealed that direct effects of TLR9 agonists on B-cell malignancies is controversial. For example, CpG ODNs can induce apoptosis in certain type of chronic lymphocytic leukemia and lymphoma cells, while induce proliferation in multiple myeloma and other types of lymphoma cells. In this review, we summarize current understanding of the heterogeneity in responses of normal and malignant B cells to TLR9 agonists, due to differences in TLR9 expression levels, genetic alterations (such as MyD88 mutation), and signaling pathway activation. Especially, the downstream molecules of NF-κB signaling pathway play an important role in the heterogeneous response. In order to provide possibilities for therapeutic manipulation of TLR9 agonists in the treatment of these disorders, the preclinical and clinical advances in using CpG ODNs alone and in combination therapies are also summarized in this review.
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Hanagata N. CpG oligodeoxynucleotide nanomedicines for the prophylaxis or treatment of cancers, infectious diseases, and allergies. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:515-531. [PMID: 28144136 PMCID: PMC5248940 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s114477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Unmethylated cytosine-guanine dinucleotide-containing oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODNs), which are synthetic agonists of Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), activate humoral and cellular immunity and are being developed as vaccine adjuvants to prevent or treat cancers, infectious diseases, and allergies. Free CpG ODNs have been used in many clinical trials implemented to verify their effects. However, recent research has reported that self-assembled CpG ODNs, protein/peptide–CpG ODN conjugates, and nanomaterial–CpG ODN complexes demonstrate higher adjuvant effects than free CpG ODNs, owing to their improved uptake efficiency into cells expressing TLR9. Moreover, protein/peptide–CpG ODN conjugates and nanomaterial–CpG ODN complexes are able to deliver CpG ODNs and antigens (or allergens) to the same types of cells, which enables a higher degree of prophylaxis or therapeutic effect. In this review, the author describes recent trends in the research and development of CpG ODN nanomedicines containing self-assembled CpG ODNs, protein/peptide–CpG ODN conjugates, and nanomaterial–CpG ODN complexes, focusing mainly on the results of preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobutaka Hanagata
- Nanotechnology Innovation Station, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki; Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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Zhang H, Yan T, Xu S, Feng S, Huang D, Fujita M, Gao XD. Graphene oxide-chitosan nanocomposites for intracellular delivery of immunostimulatory CpG oligodeoxynucleotides. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2016; 73:144-151. [PMID: 28183591 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.12.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) activate innate and adaptive immune responses, and show strong potential as immunotherapeutic agents against various diseases. Benefiting from their unique physicochemical properties, graphene oxide (GO) has recently attracted great attention in nanomedicine. In this study, we developed a novel CpG ODNs delivery system based on GO-chitosan (GO-CS) nanocomposites. GO-CS nanocomposites were prepared by self-assembly of both components via electrostatic interactions. Compared with GO, GO-CS nanocomposites possessed smaller size, positive surface charge and lower cytotoxicity. CpG ODNs were loaded onto GO-CS nanocomposites via electrostatic interactions. GO-CS nanocomposites greatly improved the loading capacity and cellular uptake of CpG ODNs. GO-CS/CpG ODNs complexes further resulted in an enhanced interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production compared with that of free CpG ODNs and GO/CpG ODNs complexes. Therefore, GO-CS nanocomposites can serve as efficient nanocarriers for enhancing the delivery efficiency of CpG ODNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Ting Yan
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Sha Xu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Shini Feng
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Dandi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Morihisa Fujita
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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Su H, Yuan G, Su J. A specific CpG oligodeoxynucleotide induces protective antiviral responses against grass carp reovirus in grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella. Dev Comp Immunol 2016; 60:218-227. [PMID: 26972738 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) show strong immune stimulatory activity in vertebrate, however, they possess specific sequence feature among species. In this study, we screened out an optimal CpG ODN sequence for grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), 1670A 5'-TCGAACGTTTTAACGTTTTAACGTT-3', from six published sequences and three sequences designed by authors based on grass carp head kidney mononuclear cells and CIK (C. idella kidney) cells proliferation. VP4 mRNA expression was strongly inhibited by CpG ODN 1670A in CIK cells with GCRV infection, showing its strong antiviral activity. The mechanism via toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9)-mediated signaling pathway was measured by real-time quantitative RT-PCR, and TLR21 did not play a role in the immune response to CpG ODN. The late up-regulation of CiRIG-I mRNA expression indicated that RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) signaling pathway participated in the immune response to CpG ODN which is the first report on the interaction between CpG and RLRs. We also found that the efficient CpG ODN can activates interferon system. Infected with GCRV, type I interferon expression was reduced and type II interferon was induced by the efficient CpG ODN in CIK cells, especially IFNγ2, suggesting that IFNγ2 played an important role in response to the efficient CpG ODN. These results provide a theoretical basis and new development trend for further research on CpG and the application of CpG vaccine adjuvant in grass carp disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Su
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Gailing Yuan
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jianguo Su
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Zhang H, Gao XD. Nanodelivery systems for enhancing the immunostimulatory effect of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2016; 70:935-946. [PMID: 27772724 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides containing immunostimulatory CpG motif mimic bacterial DNA and are potent activator of innate and adaptive immune responses. Therefore, CpG ODNs have significant potentials as immunotherapeutic agent for treatment of infectious diseases, allergy and cancer. Many clinical trials involving CpG ODNs either used alone or as adjuvant have been initiated. However, delivery of CpG ODNs to target sites still remains a great challenge due to their extreme susceptibility to nuclease degradation in serum and poor cellular uptake. Chemical modification of CpG ODNs backbone can protect them against degradation by nucleases, but have raised concern regarding several severe side effects. Development of efficient CpG ODNs delivery systems to address these issues and enhance their immunostimulatory effect are highly desirable. In recent years, the emergence of nanotechnology has provided unprecedented opportunities to encapsulate CpG ODN into various nanocarriers or synthesize CpG ODNs nanostructures. This review provides an overview of the delivery systems based on nanomaterials and nanostructures newly developed for enhancing the immunostimulatory effect of CpG ODNs, together with a brief discussion on perspectives for future studies in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Xiao-Dong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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Jang JK, Khawli LA, Canter DC, Hu P, Zhu TH, Wu BW, Angell TE, Li Z, Epstein AL. Systemic delivery of chTNT-3/CpG immunoconjugates for immunotherapy in murine solid tumor models. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2016; 65:511-23. [PMID: 26960932 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-016-1813-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG) potently activate the immune system by mimicking microbial DNA. Conjugation of CpG to chTNT-3, an antibody targeting the necrotic centers of tumors, enabled CpG to accumulate in tumors after systemic delivery, where it can activate the immune system in the presence of tumor antigens. CpG chemically conjugated to chTNT-3 (chTNT-3/CpG) were compared to free CpG in their ability to stimulate the immune system in vitro and reduce tumor burden in vivo. In subcutaneous Colon 26 adenocarcinoma and B16-F10 melanoma models in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice, respectively, chTNT-3/CpG, free CpG, or several different control constructs were administered systemically. Intraperitoneal injections of chTNT-3/CpG delayed tumor growth and improved survival and were comparable to intratumorally administered CpG. Compared to saline-treated mice, chTNT-3/CpG-treated mice had smaller average tumor volumes by as much as 72% in Colon 26-bearing mice and 79% in B16-bearing mice. Systemically delivered free CpG and CpG conjugated to an isotype control antibody did not reduce tumor burden or improve survival. In this study, chTNT-3/CpG retained immunostimulatory activity of the CpG moiety and enabled delivery to tumors. Because systemically administered CpG rapidly clear the body and do not accumulate into tumors, chTNT-3/CpG provide a solution to the limitations observed in preclinical and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie K Jang
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2011 Zonal Avenue, HMR 205, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Leslie A Khawli
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2011 Zonal Avenue, HMR 205, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - David C Canter
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2011 Zonal Avenue, HMR 205, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Peisheng Hu
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2011 Zonal Avenue, HMR 205, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Tian H Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2011 Zonal Avenue, HMR 205, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Brian W Wu
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2011 Zonal Avenue, HMR 205, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Trevor E Angell
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Hypertension, Thyroid Section, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhongjun Li
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Alan L Epstein
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2011 Zonal Avenue, HMR 205, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
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Pan X, Li B, Kuang M, Liu X, Cen Y, Qin R, Ding G, Zheng J, Zhou H. Synthetic Human TLR9-LRR11 Peptide Attenuates TLR9 Signaling by Binding to and thus Decreasing Internalization of CpG Oligodeoxynucleotides. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:242. [PMID: 26907260 PMCID: PMC4783973 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17020242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor (TLR) 9 is an endosomal receptor recognizing bacterial DNA/CpG-containing oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODN). Blocking CpG ODN/TLR9 activity represents a strategy for therapeutic prevention of immune system overactivation. Herein, we report that a synthetic peptide (SP) representing the leucine-rich repeat 11 subdomain of the human TLR9 extracellular domain could attenuate CpG ODN/TLR9 activity in RAW264.7 cells by binding to CpG ODN and decreasing its internalization. Our results demonstrate that preincubation with SP specifically inhibited CpG ODN- but not lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- and lipopeptide (PAM3CSK4)-stimulated TNF-α and IL-6 release. Preincubation of SP with CpG ODN dose-dependently decreased TLR9-driven phosphorylation of IκBα and ERK and activation of NF-κB/p65. Moreover, SP dose-dependently decreased FAM-labeled CpG ODN internalization, whereas non-labeled CpG ODN reversed the inhibition. The KD value of SP-CpG ODN binding was within the micromolar range. Our results demonstrated that SP was a specific inhibitor of CpG ODN/TLR9 activity via binding to CpG ODN, leading to reduced ODN internalization and decreased activation of subsequent pathways within cells. Thus, SP could be used as a potential CpG ODN antagonist to block TLR9 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xichun Pan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Mei Kuang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Xin Liu
- Medical Research Center, Southwestern Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Yanyan Cen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Rongxin Qin
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Guofu Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Jiang Zheng
- Medical Research Center, Southwestern Hospital, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
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Hiramatsu K, Serada S, Kobiyama K, Nakagawa S, Morimoto A, Matsuzaki S, Ueda Y, Fujimoto M, Yoshino K, Ishii KJ, Enomoto T, Kimura T, Naka T. CpG oligodeoxynucleotides potentiate the antitumor activity of anti-BST2 antibody. Cancer Sci 2016; 106:1474-8. [PMID: 26498112 PMCID: PMC4638016 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 06/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous monoclonal antibodies (mAb) targeting tumor antigens have recently been developed. Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) via effector cells such as tumor-infiltrating natural killer (NK) cells and macrophages are often involved in mediating the antitumor activity of mAb. CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) have a potent antitumor activity and are considered to increase tumor infiltration of NK cells and macrophages. Our group previously reported significant antitumor activity of anti-bone marrow stromal antigen 2 (BST2) mAb against BST2-positive endometrial cancer cells through ADCC. In this study, we evaluated the synergistic antitumor activity of combination therapy with anti-BST-2 mAb and CpG ODN using SCID mice and elucidated the mechanisms underlying this activity. Anti-BST2 mAb and CpG ODN monotherapy had a significant dose-dependent antitumor activity (P = 0.0135 and P = 0.0196, respectively). Combination therapy with anti-BST2 mAb and CpG ODN had a significant antitumor activity in SCID mice (P < 0.01), but not in NOG mice. FACS analysis revealed significantly increased numbers of NK cells and macrophages in tumors treated with a combination of anti-BST2 mAb and CpG ODN and with CpG ODN alone in SCID mice (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). These results suggested that the combination therapy with anti-BST2 mAb and CpG ODN has a significant antitumor activity and induces tumor infiltration of NK cells and macrophages. Combination therapy with CpG ODN and anti-BST2 mAb or other antitumor mAb depending on ADCC may represent a new treatment option for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Hiramatsu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.,Laboratory of Immune Signal, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Satoshi Serada
- Laboratory of Immune Signal, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kouji Kobiyama
- Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nakagawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.,Laboratory of Immune Signal, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Akiko Morimoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Shinya Matsuzaki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Yutaka Ueda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Minoru Fujimoto
- Laboratory of Immune Signal, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Yoshino
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Ken J Ishii
- Laboratory of Adjuvant Innovation, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takayuki Enomoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Medical School, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kimura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Naka
- Laboratory of Immune Signal, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Japan
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Tang Y, Ma D, Ming S, Zhang L, Zhou J, Shan G, Chen Z, Lu X, Zuo D. Mannan-binding lectin reduces CpG DNA-induced inflammatory cytokine production by human monocytes. Microbiol Immunol 2016; 59:231-7. [PMID: 25664598 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Mannan-binding lectin (MBL) belongs to the collectin family and functions as an opsonin that can also initiate complement activation. Our previous study showed that MBL serves as a double-stranded RNA binding protein that attenuates polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid-induced TLR3 activation. Prompted by these findings, in the present study cross-talk between MBL and CpG-DNA-induced TLR9 activation was investigated. Here, it was found that MBL also interacts with the TLR9 agonist, CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG-ODN), in a calcium-dependent manner. Purified MBL protein suppressed activation of nuclear factor-kappa B signaling and subsequent production of proinflammatory cytokines from human monocytes induced by CpG-ODN 2006. These observations indicate that MBL can down-regulate CpG DNA-induced TLR9 activation, emphasizing the importance of understanding the interaction of MBL with TLR agonist in host immune defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Tang
- Department of Immunology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515
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Meng Z, Zhang X, Pei R, Zhang E, Kemper T, Vollmer J, Davis HL, Glebe D, Gerlich W, Roggendorf M, Lu M. Combination therapy including CpG oligodeoxynucleotides and entecavir induces early viral response and enhanced inhibition of viral replication in a woodchuck model of chronic hepadnaviral infection. Antiviral Res 2015; 125:14-24. [PMID: 26585244 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) stimulate immune cells via TLR9 and are potentially useful immunomodulators for the treatment of chronic viral infections. In the present study, different classes of CpGs were tested for their capacities for innate immune activation and antiviral activities in the woodchuck model. A class P CpG ODN was found to stimulate interferon (IFN) production in woodchuck peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in vitro, and following subcutaneous administration in vivo, it was observed to induce IFN and MxA expression in woodchuck PBMCs. Combination treatment with CpG ODN and entecavir (ETV) led to effective suppression of the woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) load in the woodchucks, with early viral responses and inhibition of replication. The woodchuck hepatitis surface antigen (WHsAg) serum concentrations were strongly decreased by CpG and ETV together but not by either agent alone, indicating synergistic effects. However, viral control post-treatment was still transient, similar to that observed with ETV alone. Significantly elevated levels of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) but not of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in some of the woodchucks receiving CpG ODN were noted, but these increases were resolved before the completion of treatment and were not associated with an elevated serum bilirubin level or coagulation disorders, suggesting the absence of a significant safety concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongji Meng
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; Department of Infectious Diseases, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Xiaoyong Zhang
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Rongjuan Pei
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ejuan Zhang
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Thekla Kemper
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jörg Vollmer
- Pfizer Oligonucleotides Therapeutics Unit, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Dieter Glebe
- Institute of Medical Virology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Wolfram Gerlich
- Institute of Medical Virology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Michael Roggendorf
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Mengji Lu
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
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Li HT, Zhang TT, Chen ZG, Ye J, Liu H, Zou XL, Wang YH, Yang HL. Intranasal administration of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides reduces lower airway inflammation in a murine model of combined allergic rhinitis and asthma syndrome. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 28:390-8. [PMID: 26163938 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Revised: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Given the relationship between allergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma, it can be hypothesized that reducing upper airway inflammation by targeting oligodeoxynucleotides with CpG motifs (CpG-ODN) specifically to the upper airway via intranasal administration in a small volume (10 μL) might improve lower airway (asthma) outcomes. The goal of this study was to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of 10 μL of intranasal versus intradermal administration of CpG-ODN in suppressing lower airway inflammation and methacholine-induced airway hyperreactivity (AHR) in mice subjected to ovalbumin (OVA)-induced combined allergic rhinitis and asthma syndrome (CARAS). OVA-sensitized BALB/c mice were subjected to upper-airway intranasal OVA exposure three times per week for 3 weeks. Then, CpG-ODN was administered to a subset of these mice 1h after intranasal OVA exposure, followed by five days of OVA aerosol challenges, thereby targeting OVA to the lower airways. Immunologic variables and nasal symptoms were evaluated. The results showed that the CARAS mice exhibited significant increases in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and splenocytes Th2-associated cytokine production, OVA-specific serum IgE, and AHR, as well as nose and lung pathologies. Intranasal administration of CpG-ODN significantly reduced Th2-associated cytokine production, the percentage of eosinophils in the BALF, the IL-4 and IL-5 concentrations in the supernatants of cultured OVA-challenged splenic lymphocytes, the serum OVA-specific IgE levels, the peribronchial inflammation score in the lungs, and the severity of nose pathology and nasal symptoms. However, intradermal administration of CpG-ODN did not significantly reduce the aforementioned parameters. In conclusion, intranasal treatment with CpG-ODN attenuated AR and significantly alleviated lower airway inflammation and AHR in the CARAS model. CpG-ODN therapy was more effective when administered intranasally than when administered intradermally. The current study supports the development of CpG-ODN nasal spray as a novel therapeutic agent for CARAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Tao Li
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tian-Tuo Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zhuang-Gui Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Ye
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Zou
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Hong Wang
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hai-Ling Yang
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Institute of Respiratory Diseases of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Singh SM, Alkie TN, Hodgins DC, Nagy É, Shojadoost B, Sharif S. Systemic immune responses to an inactivated, whole H9N2 avian influenza virus vaccine using class B CpG oligonucleotides in chickens. Vaccine 2015; 33:3947-52. [PMID: 26092309 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Commercial vaccines against avian influenza viruses (AIV) in chickens consist mainly of inactivated AIV, requiring parenteral administration and co-delivery of an adjuvant. Limitations in T helper 1 or T helper 2 biased responses generated by these vaccines emphasize the need for alternative, more efficacious adjuvants. The Toll-like receptor (TLR) 21 ligand, CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN), has been established as immunomodulatory in chickens. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the adjuvant potential of high (20μg) and low (2μg) doses of CpG ODN 2007 (CpG 2007) and CpG ODN 1826 (CpG 1826) when administered to chickens with a formalin-inactivated H9N2 AIV. Antibody responses in sera were evaluated in 90 specific pathogen free (SPF) chickens after intramuscular administration of vaccine formulations at 7 and 21 days post-hatch. Antibody responses were assessed based on haemagglutination inhibition (HI) and virus neutralization (VN) assays; virus-specific IgM and IgY antibody responses were evaluated by ELISA. The results suggest that the vaccine formulation containing low dose CpG 2007 was significantly more effective at generating neutralizing (both HI and VN) responses than formulations with high or low doses of CpG 1826 or high dose CpG 2007. Neutralizing responses elicited by low dose CpG 2007 significantly exceeded those generated by a squalene-based adjuvanted vaccine formulation during peak responses. A significantly higher IgM response was elicited by the formulation containing low dose CpG 2007 compared to high and low doses of 1826. Although the low dose of CpG 2007 elicited a higher IgY response than CpG 1826, the difference was not statistically significant. In conclusion, 2μg of CpG 2007 is potentially promising as a vaccine adjuvant when delivered intramuscularly with inactivated H9N2 virus to chickens. Future studies may be directed at determining the mucosal antibody responses to the same vaccine formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirene M Singh
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1.
| | - Tamiru N Alkie
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1.
| | - Douglas C Hodgins
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1.
| | - Éva Nagy
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1.
| | - Bahram Shojadoost
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1.
| | - Shayan Sharif
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1.
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Fonseca DM, Wowk PF, Paula MO, Gembre AF, Baruffi MD, Fermino ML, Turato WM, Campos LW, Silva CL, Ramos SG, Horn C, Marchal G, Arruda LK, Russo M, Bonato VLD. Requirement of MyD88 and Fas pathways for the efficacy of allergen-free immunotherapy. Allergy 2015; 70:275-84. [PMID: 25477068 DOI: 10.1111/all.12555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have shown that mycobacterial antigens and CpG oligodeoxynucleotides downmodulate airway allergic inflammation by mechanisms dependent on T-cell activation. Here, we investigated the participation of the innate response, particularly the role of MyD88 adaptor, and Fas molecules in the effectiveness of DNA-HSP65 or CpG/culture filtrated proteins (CFP) immunotherapy. METHODS Mice sensitized and challenged with Der p 1 allergen were treated with DNA-HSP65, CpG/CFP, or with adoptively transferred cells from immunized mice. The treatment efficacy was assessed by evaluating eosinophil recruitment, antibody, and cytokine production. RESULTS In addition to downregulating the Th2 response, DNA-HSP65 and CpG/CFP promoted IL-10 and IFN-γ production. Adoptive transfer of cells from mice immunized with DNA-HSP65 or CpG/CFP to allergic recipients downmodulated the allergic response. Notably, transfer of cells from DNA-HSP65- or CpG/CFP-immunized MyD88(-/-) mice failed to reduce allergy. Additionally, for effective reduction of allergy by cells from CpG/CFP-immunized mice, Fas molecules were required. Although DNA-HSP65 or CpG/CFP immunization stimulated antigen-specific production of IFN-γ and IL-10, the effect of DNA-HSP65 was associated with IL-10 while CpG/CFP was associated with IFN-γ. Moreover, after stimulation with mycobacterial antigens plus Der p 1 allergen, cells from mite-allergic patients with asthma exhibited similar patterns of cytokine production as those found in the lung of treated mice. CONCLUSIONS This study provides new insights on the mechanisms of allergen-free immunotherapy by showing that both DNA-HSP65 and CpG/CFP downregulated house dust mite-induced allergic airway inflammation via distinct pathways that involve not only induction of mycobacterial-specific adaptive responses but also signaling via MyD88 and Fas molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. M. Fonseca
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology; Ribeirão Preto Medical School; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto Brazil
| | - P. F. Wowk
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology; Ribeirão Preto Medical School; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto Brazil
- Carlos Chagas Institute; Oswaldo Cruz Foundation; Curitiba Brazil
| | - M. O. Paula
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology; Ribeirão Preto Medical School; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto Brazil
| | - A. F. Gembre
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology; Ribeirão Preto Medical School; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto Brazil
| | - M. D. Baruffi
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto Brazil
| | - M. L. Fermino
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto Brazil
| | - W. M. Turato
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology; Ribeirão Preto Medical School; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto Brazil
| | - L. W. Campos
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology; Ribeirão Preto Medical School; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto Brazil
| | - C. L. Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology; Ribeirão Preto Medical School; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto Brazil
| | - S. G. Ramos
- Department of Pathology; Ribeirão Preto Medical School; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto Brazil
| | - C. Horn
- Laboratory of Immunology and Immunogenetics; Evandro Chagas Clinical Research Institute; Oswaldo Cruz Foundation; Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - G. Marchal
- Immunotherapix Bio Top; Institute Pasteur; Paris France
| | - L. K. Arruda
- Department of Medicine; Ribeirão Preto Medical School; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto Brazil
| | - M. Russo
- Department of Immunology; Institute of Biomedical Sciences; University of São Paulo; São Paulo Brazil
| | - V. L. D. Bonato
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology; Ribeirão Preto Medical School; University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto Brazil
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Własiuk P, Tomczak W, Zając M, Dmoszyńska A, Giannopoulos K. Total expression of HLA-G and TLR-9 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients. Hum Immunol 2013; 74:1592-7. [PMID: 23994589 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2013.08.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Revised: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Suppressed immune status facilitates immune escape mechanisms that allow chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells to proliferate and expand. The expression of HLA-G could effectively inhibit the immune response. In immune response inhibitory signals follow activation of immune system which might be occur during bacterial or viral infection in CLL patients. In the current study we characterized two components of immune system, inhibitory molecule HLA-G with its receptor - CD85j and Toll-like receptor 9. The material was obtained from 41 CLL patients and 41 HV with similar median age. In CLL patients expression of intracellular and surface HLA-G and soluble HLA-G levels were significantly higher than in HV. We found higher expression of CD85j compared to HV and the positive correlation between expression of HLA-G and CD85j. All the CLL cells expressed TLR-9, and the level of expression positively correlated with expression of HLA-G and CD85j. Patients with higher expression of intracellular expression of TLR-9 have significantly longer treatment-free survival than patients with low expression of TLR-9 (57 months vs. 8 months, respectively). Summarizing in CLL we characterized activatory and inhibitory components of immune system that might be connected functionally. Analysis of TLR-9 expression might have additional prognostic value for CLL patients.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Cell Membrane/metabolism
- Female
- HLA-G Antigens/blood
- HLA-G Antigens/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunophenotyping
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/blood
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/mortality
- Leukocyte Immunoglobulin-like Receptor B1
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Prognosis
- Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism
- Toll-Like Receptor 9/metabolism
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Własiuk
- Department of Experimental Hematooncology, Medical University of Lublin, 20950 Lublin, Poland
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Vacchelli E, Eggermont A, Sautès-Fridman C, Galon J, Zitvogel L, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L. Trial Watch: Toll-like receptor agonists for cancer therapy. Oncoimmunology 2013; 2:e25238. [PMID: 24083080 PMCID: PMC3782517 DOI: 10.4161/onci.25238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have long been known for their ability to initiate innate immune responses upon exposure to conserved microbial components such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and double-stranded RNA. More recently, this family of pattern recognition receptors has been attributed a critical role in the elicitation of anticancer immune responses, raising interest in the development of immunochemotherapeutic regimens based on natural or synthetic TLR agonists. In spite of such an intense wave of preclinical and clinical investigation, only three TLR agonists are currently licensed by FDA for use in cancer patients: bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG), an attenuated strain of Mycobacterium bovis that operates as a mixed TLR2/TLR4 agonist; monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL), a derivative of Salmonella minnesota that functions as a potent agonist of TLR4; and imiquimod, a synthetic imidazoquinoline that activates TLR7. One year ago, in the August and September issues of OncoImmunology, we described the main biological features of TLRs and discussed the progress of clinical studies evaluating the safety and therapeutic potential of TLR agonists in cancer patients. Here, we summarize the latest developments in this exciting area of research, focusing on preclinical studies that have been published during the last 13 mo and clinical trials launched in the same period to investigate the antineoplastic activity of TLR agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Vacchelli
- Institut Gustave Roussy; Villejuif, France ; Université Paris-Sud/Paris XI; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre; Paris, France ; INSERM, U848; Villejuif, France
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Zhang H, Chen S, Zhi C, Yamazaki T, Hanagata N. Chitosan-coated boron nitride nanospheres enhance delivery of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides and induction of cytokines. Int J Nanomedicine 2013; 8:1783-93. [PMID: 23674892 PMCID: PMC3652518 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s43251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) oligodeoxynucleotides activate Toll-like receptor 9, leading to induction of proinflammatory cytokines, which play an important role in induction and maintenance of innate and adaptive immune responses. Previously, we have used boron nitride nanospheres (BNNS) as a carrier for delivery of unmodified CpG oligodeoxynucleotides to activate Toll-like receptor 9. However, because CpG oligodeoxynucleotides and BNNS are both negatively charged, electrostatic repulsion between them is likely to reduce the loading of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides onto BNNS. Therefore, the efficiency of uptake of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides is also limited and does not result in induction of a robust cytokine response. To ameliorate these problems, we developed a CpG oligodeoxynucleotide delivery system using chitosan-coated BNNS as a carrier. METHODS To facilitate attachment of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides onto the BNNS and improve their loading capacity, we prepared positively charged BNNS by coating them with chitosan preparations of three different molecular weights and used them as carriers for delivery of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides. RESULTS The zeta potentials of the BNNS-CS complexes were positive, and chitosan coating improved their dispersity and stability in aqueous solution compared with BNNS. The positive charge of the BNNS-CS complexes greatly improved the loading capacity and cellular uptake efficiency of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides. The loading capacity of the CpG oligodeoxynucleotides depended on the molecular weight of chitosan, which affected the positive charge density on the surface of the BNNS. CpG oligodeoxynucleotides loaded onto BNNS-CS complexes significantly enhanced production of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α by peripheral blood mononuclear cells compared with CpG oligodeoxynucleotides directly loaded onto BNNS, or when Lipofectamine™ 2000 was used as the carrier. The molecular weight of the chitosan used to coat the BNNS affected the magnitude of cytokine induction by varying the strength of condensation of the CpG oligodeoxynucleotides. CONCLUSION Although the loading capacity of BNNS coated with low molecular weight chitosan preparations was the lowest of all the preparations, they induced the highest levels of cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijie Zhang
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Hessenberger M, Weiss R, Weinberger EE, Boehler C, Thalhamer J, Scheiblhofer S. Transcutaneous delivery of CpG-adjuvanted allergen via laser-generated micropores. Vaccine 2012; 31:3427-34. [PMID: 23273971 PMCID: PMC3724055 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.09.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Revised: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Two main shortcomings of classical allergen-specific immunotherapy are long treatment duration and low patient compliance. Utilizing the unique immunological features of the skin by transcutaneous application of antigen opens new approaches not only for painless vaccine delivery, but also for allergen-specific immunotherapy. Under certain conditions, however, barrier disruption of the skin favors T helper 2-biased immune responses, which may lead to new sensitizations. METHODS In a prophylactic approach, an infra-red laser device was employed, producing an array of micropores of user-defined number, density, and depth on dorsal mouse skin. The grass pollen allergen Phl p 5 was administered by patch with or without the T helper 1-promoting CpG oligodeoxynucleotide 1826 as adjuvant, or was subcutaneously injected. Protection from allergic immune responses was tested by sensitization via injection of allergen adjuvanted with alum, followed by intranasal instillation. In a therapeutic setting, pre-sensitized mice were treated either by the standard method using subcutaneous injection or via laser-generated micropores. Sera were analyzed for IgG antibody subclass distribution by ELISA and for IgE antibodies by a basophil mediator release assay. Cytokine profiles from supernatants of re-stimulated lymphocytes and from bronchoalveolar lavage fluids were assessed by flow cytometry using a bead-based assay. The cellular composition of lavage fluids was determined by flow cytometry. RESULTS Application of antigen via micropores induced T helper 2-biased immune responses. Addition of CpG balanced the response and prevented from allergic sensitization, i.e. IgE induction, airway inflammation, and expression of T helper 2 cytokines. Therapeutic efficacy of transcutaneous immunotherapy was equal compared to subcutaneous injection, but was superior with respect to suppression of already established IgE responses. CONCLUSIONS Transcutaneous immunotherapy via laser-generated micropores provides an efficient novel platform for treatment of type I allergic diseases. Furthermore, immunomodulation with T helper 1-promoting adjuvants can prevent the risk for new sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hessenberger
- Department of Molecular Biology, Division of Allergy & Immunology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
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Abstract
Nucleic acid cellular uptake into endosomes is critical in eliciting nucleotide-sensing toll-like receptors (TLRs) innate immune responses. ADP-ribosylation factor 6 (ARF6) is a member of the Ras superfamily, which is critical to a wide variety of cellular events including endocytosis. Our previous report indicated that ARF6 plays a critical role in CpG ODN/TLR9-mediated responses. Here, we further explored that the basal level of active ARF6 is nonspecifically responsible for initiation of ODNs uptake, which is relatively CpG motif independent. While the initiation of CpG ODN uptake but not GpC ODN uptake can promote TLR9 responses thereby enhancing ARF6 activation which may lead to further nonspecifically increase of cellular uptake of stimulatory CpG ODN as well as nonstimulatory GpC ODN. Because nucleotide-sensing TLR9 plays a role in contributing to immune diseases, selective activation or inhibition of ARF6 might be useful in certain immunological or therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yiing Wu
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine; National Health Research Institutes; Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan
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Manoharan Y, Ji Q, Yamazaki T, Chinnathambi S, Chen S, Ganesan S, Hill JP, Ariga K, Hanagata N. Effect of molecular weight of polyethyleneimine on loading of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides onto flake-shell silica nanoparticles for enhanced TLR9-mediated induction of interferon-α. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:3625-35. [PMID: 22888224 PMCID: PMC3414203 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s32592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Class B CpG oligodeoxynucleotides primarily interact with Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) in B cells and enhance the immune system through induction of various interleukins including interleukin-6 in these immune cells. Although free class B CpG oligodeoxynucleotides do not induce interferon (IFN)-α production, CpG oligodeoxynucleotide molecules have been reported to induce IFN-α when loaded onto nanoparticles. Here, we investigated the in vitro induction of IFN-α by a nanocarrier delivery system for class B CpG oligodeoxynucleotide molecules. METHODS For improving the capacity to load CpG oligodeoxynucleotide molecules, flake-shell SiO(2) nanoparticles with a specific surface area approximately 83-fold higher than that of smooth-surfaced SiO(2) nanoparticles were prepared by coating SiO(2) nanoparticles with polyethyleneimine (PEI) of three different number-average molecular weights (Mns 600, 1800, and 10,000 Da). RESULTS The capacity of the flake-shell SiO(2) nanoparticles to load CpG oligodeoxynucleotides was observed to be 5.8-fold to 6.7-fold higher than that of smooth-surfaced SiO(2) nanoparticles and was found to increase with an increase in the Mn of the PEI because the Mn contributed to the positive surface charge density of the nanoparticles. Further, the flake-shell SiO(2) nanoparticles showed much higher levels of IFN-α induction than the smooth-surfaced SiO(2) nanoparticles. The highest IFN-α induction potential was observed for CpG oligodeoxynucleotide molecules loaded onto flake-shell SiO(2) nanoparticles coated with PEI of Mn 600 Da, although the CpG oligodeoxynucleotide density was lower than that on flake-shell SiO(2) nanoparticles coated with PEI of Mns 1800 and 10,000 Da. Even with the same density of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides on flake-shell SiO(2) nanoparticles, PEI with an Mn of 600 Da caused a markedly higher level of IFN-α induction than that with Mns of 1800 Da and 10,000 Da. The higher TLR9-mediated IFN-α induction by CpG oligodeoxynucleotides on flake-shell SiO(2) nanoparticles coated with a PEI of Mn 600 Da is attributed to residence of the CpG oligodeoxynucleotide molecules in endolysosomes.
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Xiang XX, Zhou XQ, Wang JX, Xie Q, Cai X, Yu H, Zhou HJ. Effects of CpG-ODNs on phenotype and function of monocyte-derived dendritic cells in chronic hepatitis B. World J Gastroenterol 2011; 17:4825-30. [PMID: 22147985 PMCID: PMC3229633 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v17.i43.4825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2011] [Revised: 06/21/2011] [Accepted: 06/28/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To study the effects of synthetic nonmethylated CpG-containing oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODNs), either alone or combined with recombinant Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) polypeptide, on the phenotype, function, and intracellular signaling pathways of monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs) in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB).
METHODS: Peripheral blood monocytes isolated from CHB patients and healthy volunteers were induced to be dendritic cells by recombinant human granulocyte-monocyte colony stimulating factor and interleukin-4. The DCs were then treated with CpG-ODNs, CpG-ODNs/HBsAg, or tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α for 18 h. The expression of surface molecules including HLA-DR, CD86, and CD1a in DCs were detected by flow cytometry, and the expression of signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT1, 3, 4, 5, 6) and suppressors of cell signaling (SOCS1, 3) were determined by Western blotting assay. In addition, the capacity of DCs to stimulate allogeneic T lymphocytes and the amount of IL-12p70 released from DCs were measured.
RESULTS: In the DCs derived from patients with CHB, treatment with TNF-α, CpG-ODNs, or CpG-ODNs/HBsAg, as compared to the vector control, significantly increased the expression of HLA-DR, stimulated the release of IL-12p70, and enhanced the capacity of DCs to stimulate allogenic T lymphocytes. The expressions of STAT1/4/6 and SOCS1/3, but not STAT3/5, were upregulated by TNF-α, CpG-ODNs, and CpG-ODNs/HBsAg. In addition, the expression of CD1a was upregulated only in the presence of both CpG-ODNs and HBsAg.
CONCLUSION: The treatment with CpG-ODNs, either alone or combined with HBsAg, has a remarkable stimulatory effect on the impaired phenotype and function of DCs in CHB, possibly by regulating the expression of STAT1, 4, 6 and SOCS1, 3.
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Jeon YH, Choi Y, Lee J, Kim CW, Chung JK. CpG Oligodeoxynucleotides Enhance the Activities of CD8+ Cytotoxic T-Lymphocytes Generated by Combined hMUC1 Vaccination and hNIS Radioiodine Gene Therapy. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2010; 44:199-206. [PMID: 24899950 DOI: 10.1007/s13139-010-0039-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2010] [Revised: 05/14/2010] [Accepted: 05/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The authors evaluated whether the cytotoxicity of CD8+CTLs generated by combined hMUC1 vaccination and hNIS radioiodine gene therapy was enhanced in the presence of CpG in an established tumor model. METHODS CMNF cells (CT26 cells expressing hMUC1, hNIS and Firefly luciferase) were transplanted into BALB/c mice. Four and 10 days later, tumor-bearing mice were immunized intramuscularly with pcDNA3.1 or pcDNA-hMUC1 or pcDNA-hMUC1+CpG, and subsequently administered PBS or (131)I [five groups (seven mice/group): referred to as the pcDNA3.1+PBS, phMUC1+PBS, pcDNA3.1+(131)I, phMUC1+(131)I, and phMUC1+(131)I+CpG groups]. The number of CD8+IFNr+ T cells of splenocytes as well as the number of CD8+IFNr+ T cells of splenocytes re-stimulated with CD11c+ cells was determined using FACS analysis. The activities of cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) from splenocytes were investigated. RESULTS Marked tumor growth inhibition was observed in the phMUC1+(131)I and phMUC1+(131)I+CpG groups, but not in the other three single therapy groups. Particularly the number of CD8+IFN-γ+ T cells of splenocytes was more increased in the phMUC1+(131)I+CpG group than in the phMUC1+(131)I group. The number of CD8+IFN-γ+ T cells of splenocytes stimulated with CD11c+ cells was the most enhanced in the phMUC1+(131)I+CpG group among the five groups. Concurrently, the activities of hMUC1-associated CTLs obtained from splenocytes in the phMUC1+(131)I+CpG group were significantly greater than in the other four groups (pcDNA+PBS, phMUC1+PBS, pcDNA+(131)I, phMUC1+(131)I, and phMUC1+(131)I+CpG, 16 ± 2%, 20 ± 1%, 30 ± 2%, 60 ± 2%, and 87 ± 2%, respectively, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Our data suggest that adjuvant CpG ODNs can increase the killing activities of CTLs generated by combined hMUC1 DNA vaccination and hNIS radioiodine gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Hyun Jeon
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yongon-dong, Chongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744 Korea ; Tumor Immunity Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea ; Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Therapy of Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea ; Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Yun Choi
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea ; Tumor Immunity Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaetae Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Chul Woo Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea ; Tumor Immunity Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea ; Department of Pathology, Tumor Immunity Medical Research Center and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, College of Medicine, 28 Yongon-Dong, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 110-799 Korea
| | - June-Key Chung
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yongon-dong, Chongno-gu, Seoul, 110-744 Korea ; Tumor Immunity Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea ; Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Therapy of Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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