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Muniz-Santos R, Watt P, Jurisica I, Cameron LC. Editorial: Metabolic response: nexus or nemesis for the understanding of sports nutrition and doping. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1306052. [PMID: 37899835 PMCID: PMC10602773 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1306052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Renan Muniz-Santos
- Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, The Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Peter Watt
- Environmental Extremes Lab, Sport and Exercise Science and Medicine Research and Enterprise Group, University of Brighton, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Igor Jurisica
- Osteoarthritis Research Program, Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Schroeder Arthritis Institute and Data Science Discovery Centre for Chronic Diseases, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Departments of Medical Biophysics and Computer Science, and Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - L. C. Cameron
- Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry, The Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Xu HW, Fang XY, Liu XW, Zhang SB, Yi YY, Chang SJ, Chen H, Wang SJ. α-Ketoglutaric acid ameliorates intervertebral disk degeneration by blocking the IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 325:C1119-C1130. [PMID: 37661920 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00280.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Intervertebral disk degeneration (IVDD) is the major cause of low back pain. Alpha-ketoglutaric acid (α-KG), an important intermediate in energy metabolism, has various functions, including epigenetic regulation, maintenance of redox homeostasis, and antiaging, but whether it can ameliorate IVDD has not been reported. Here, we examined the impacts of long-term administration of α-KG on aging-associated IVDD in adult rats. In vivo and in vitro experiments showed that α-KG supplementation effectively ameliorated IVDD in rats and the senescence of nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs). α-KG supplementation significantly attenuated senescence, apoptosis, and matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) protein expression, and it increased the synthesis of aggrecan and collagen II in IL-1β-treated NPCs. In addition, α-KG supplementation reduced the levels of IL-6, phosphorylated JAK2 and STAT3, and the nuclear translocation of p-STAT3 in IL-1β-induced degenerating NPCs. The effects of α-KG were enhanced by AG490 in NPCs. The underlying mechanism may involve the inhibition of JAK2/STAT3 phosphorylation and the reduction of IL-6 expression. Our findings may help in the development of new therapeutic strategies for IVDD.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Alpha-ketoglutaric acid (α-KG) exerted its protective effect on nucleus pulposus cells' (NPCs) degeneration by inhibiting the senescence-associated secretory phenotype and extracellular matrix degradation. The possible mechanism may be associated with negatively regulating the JAK2/STAT3 phosphorylation and the decreased IL-6 expression, which could be explained by a blockage of the positive feedback control loop between IL-6 and JAK2/STAT3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Wei Xu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Yue Fang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Liu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-Bao Zhang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Yang Yi
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng-Jie Chang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shan-Jin Wang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Spinal Diseases, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, China
- Department of Orthopedic, Shanghai East Hospital, Ji'an Hospital, Ji'an, China
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Yang B, Liu Y, Steinacker JM. α-Ketoglutarate stimulates cell growth through the improvement of glucose and glutamine metabolism in C2C12 cell culture. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1145236. [PMID: 37234553 PMCID: PMC10208397 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1145236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cellular adaptation to physical training and energy metabolism play an important role during physical exercise. This study sought to investigate the effects of α-KG on cell growth and energy metabolism in C2C12 cell culture. Methods C2C12 cells were cultured in media pretreated without (control) or with α-KG at different concentrations, and cells and media were harvested every 24 h for 8 days. From cell counts, specific cell growth rate (SGR) and doubling time were calculated. The content of glucose, glutamine, lactate, and ammonia in media was determined, and the specific consumption rate (SCR) or production rate (SPR) was calculated. Additionally, cell colony-forming efficiency (CFE) was determined. Results The control cells showed a CFE at 50%, a typical cell growth curve in the first 5 days with a mean SGR at 0.86/day, and a mean cell count doubling time at 19.4 h. In the group with α-KG at 100 mM, the cells underwent rapid cell death, and thus no further analysis was made. The treatment with α-KG at lower concentrations (0.1 mM and 1.0 mM) led to a higher CFE at 68 and 55%, respectively, whereas those in groups with higher α-KG concentration decreased (10 and 6% for 20 mM and 30 mM α-KG, respectively). The mean SGR was 0.95/day, 0.94/day, 0.77/day, 0.71/day, and 0.65/day for groups treated with α-KG at 0.1, 1.0, 10.0, 20.0, and 30.0 mM, respectively, and the corresponding cell count doubling time was 17.6, 17.8, 20.9, 24.6, and 24.7 h, respectively. In comparison with that of the control group, the mean glucose SCR decreased in all the groups treated with α-KG, while the mean glutamine SCR remained unchanged; the mean lactate SPR increased in the groups treated with α-KG ≥ 20.0 mM. Finally, the mean SPR of ammonia was lower in all α-KG groups than that in the control. Discussion and conclusion The treatment with α-KG at lower concentrations increased cell growth whereas at higher concentrations decreased cell growth, and α-KG reduced glucose consumption and ammonia production. Therefore, α-KG stimulates cell growth in a dose-dependent manner, which is likely through the improvement of glucose and glutamine metabolism in a C2C12 culture setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingquan Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Division of Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Cardiology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Yuefei Liu
- Division of Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Cardiology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jürgen Michael Steinacker
- Division of Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Cardiology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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Low-Dose Ammonium Preconditioning Enhances Endurance in Submaximal Physical Exercises. Sports (Basel) 2021; 9:sports9020029. [PMID: 33669436 PMCID: PMC7920466 DOI: 10.3390/sports9020029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Preconditioning is often used in medicine to protect organs from ischemic damage and in athletes to enhance the performances. We tested whether low-dose ammonium preconditioning (AMP) could have a beneficial effect on physical exercises (PE). We used Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing (CPET) on a treadmill to investigate the effects of low-dose AMP on the physical exercise capacity of professional track and field athletes and tested twenty-five athletes. Because of the individual differences between athletes, we performed a preliminary treadmill test (Pre-test) and, according to the results, the athletes were randomly allocated into the AMP and control (placebo, PL) group based on the similarity of the total distance covered on a treadmill. In the AMP group, the covered distance increased (11.3 ± 3.6%, p < 0.02) compared to Pre-test. Similarly, AMP significantly increased O2 uptake volume—VO2 (4.6 ± 2.3%, p < 0.03) and pulmonary CO2 output—VCO2 (8.7 ± 2.8%, p < 0.01). Further, the basic blood parameters (pH, pO2, and lactate) shift was lower despite the greater physical exercise progress in the AMP group compared to Pre-test, whereas in the placebo group there were no differences between Pre-test and Load-test. Importantly, the AMP significantly increased red blood cell count (6.8 ± 2.0%, p < 0.01) and hemoglobin concentration (5.3 ± 1.9%, p < 0.01), which might explain the beneficial effects in physical exercise progress. For the first time, we showed that low-dose AMP had clear beneficial effects on submaximal PE.
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Holeček M. Branched-Chain Amino Acids and Branched-Chain Keto Acids in Hyperammonemic States: Metabolism and as Supplements. Metabolites 2020; 10:E324. [PMID: 32784821 PMCID: PMC7464849 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10080324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In hyperammonemic states, such as liver cirrhosis, urea cycle disorders, and strenuous exercise, the catabolism of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs; leucine, isoleucine, and valine) is activated and BCAA concentrations decrease. In these conditions, BCAAs are recommended to improve mental functions, protein balance, and muscle performance. However, clinical trials have not demonstrated significant benefits of BCAA-containing supplements. It is hypothesized that, under hyperammonemic conditions, enhanced glutamine availability and decreased BCAA levels facilitate the amination of branched-chain keto acids (BCKAs; α-ketoisocaproate, α-keto-β-methylvalerate, and α-ketoisovalerate) to the corresponding BCAAs, and that BCKA supplementation may offer advantages over BCAAs. Studies examining the effects of ketoanalogues of amino acids have provided proof that subjects with hyperammonemia can effectively synthesize BCAAs from BCKAs. Unfortunately, the benefits of BCKA administration have not been clearly confirmed. The shortcoming of most reports is the use of mixtures intended for patients with renal insufficiency, which might be detrimental for patients with liver injury. It is concluded that (i) BCKA administration may decrease ammonia production, attenuate cataplerosis, correct amino acid imbalance, and improve protein balance and (ii) studies specifically investigating the effects of BCKA, without the interference of other ketoanalogues, are needed to complete the information essential for decisions regarding their suitability in hyperammonemic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Holeček
- Department of Physiology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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Mehra L, Bhattacharya A, Rawat H, Kumar A, Jaimini A, Mittal G. In-vitro and in-vivo functional observation studies to establish therapeutic potential of alpha-ketoglutarate against methotrexate induced liver injury. Biomed J 2020; 44:611-619. [PMID: 34736875 PMCID: PMC8640558 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2020.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Methotrexate (MTX) is widely used in chemotherapy but its associated hepatotoxicity is a major complication, limiting its use. This study evaluates possible therapeutic effect of oral alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG) supplementation against MTX-induced hepatotoxicity. Methods HepG2 cells were used to evaluate in-vitro cyto-protection conferred by AKG against MTX induced cytotoxicity. For in-vivo animal study, rats were divided into three groups. Group-I served as control. Group-II animals were administered single intraperitoneal injection of MTX (20 mg/kg/body weight), while Group-III received MTX as in group-II followed by oral AKG (2 gm/kg body weight) for 5 days. 99mTc-Mebrofenin hepatobiliary study was performed under a gamma camera to determine real time functional status of rats’ livers. Multiple parameters concerning hepatic mebrofenin uptake and excretion, including Tpeak and T1/2 peak in control and treated animals were determined. Biochemical analysis of the liver homogenate in terms of hepatic enzyme activities in serum, antioxidant status, tissue factor activity, tissue collagen content and histological analysis of the liver tissue were also done. Results AKG supplementation significantly reversed MTX induced derangement in activities of serum liver enzymes [ALT and ALP (p = 0.003); AST (p = 0.005)], antioxidant status [LPO and GSH (p = 0.005); CAT (p = 0.004)], tissue factor activity (p = 0.005) and tissue collagen content (p = 0.005). Functional imaging confirmed that hepatic retention and fractional biliary excretion were significantly abnormal in MTX treated group (Tpeak: 234 s ± 40 s; T1/2 peak: 846sec ± 32sec) as compared to AKG supplemented group (Tpeak: 144 s ± 35sec; T1/2peak: 468sec ± 27sec). Hepatic extraction fraction (HEF) was 92.2 ± 1.8%, 48.7 ± 2.6% and 69.8 ± 4.3% in control, MTX and AKG supplemented rats respectively. Conclusion 99mTc-mebrofenin imaging strongly suggests therapeutic action of AKG in protecting liver damage by MTX in rats. Functional imaging parameters correlated well with biochemical and histopathological findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalita Mehra
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organisation, Delhi, India
| | | | - Harish Rawat
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organisation, Delhi, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organisation, Delhi, India
| | - Abhinav Jaimini
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organisation, Delhi, India
| | - Gaurav Mittal
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, Defence Research and Development Organisation, Delhi, India.
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Kössler F, Mair L, Burtscher M, Gatterer H. 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural and α-ketoglutaric acid supplementation increases oxygen saturation during prolonged exercise in normobaric hypoxia. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2019; 91:63-68. [PMID: 31411126 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This double-blinded, randomized and placebo-controlled, crossover study investigated whether α-ketoglutaric-acid (α-KG) and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) supplementation improves exercise performance in hypoxia and affects physiological responses during the exercise task. Eight moderately trained male participants (age: 25.3 ± 2.0 y, VO2max: 48.0 ± 8.3 ml/min/kg) performed an incremental exercise test to exhaustion in normoxia and two 2-hour cycle time trial (TT) tests in hypoxia (3,500 m) each separated by 1-week. Prior to the TT, participants supplemented with either α-KG and 5-HMF or placebo (random order). Supplementation did not improve TT performance at altitude and did not affect heart rate, effort perception and oxidative stress levels (p > 0.05). Oxygen saturation (SpO2) was enhanced during the α-KG and 5-HMF supplementation trial (79.5 ± 3.3 vs. 78.2 ± 3.7%, p = 0.026). Even though TT performance was unaffected, the enhanced SpO2 - possibly originated from changed O2-affinity - deserves further consideration as the exercise performance decline at altitude is strongly linked to the SpO2 decline. The inclusion of moderately fit participants, not specifically cycle trained, might have prevented any visible performance enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lukas Mair
- Department of Sport Science, University Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Hannes Gatterer
- Department of Sport Science, University Innsbruck, Austria.,Institute of Mountain Emergency Medicine, EURAC Research, Bolzano, Italy
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Gatterer H, Böcksteiner T, Müller A, Simi H, Krasser C, Djukic R, Schroth R, Wallner D. 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural and Alpha-Ketoglutaric Acid as an Ergogenic Aid During Intensified Soccer Training: A Placebo Controlled Randomized Study. J Diet Suppl 2018; 17:161-172. [PMID: 30346855 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2018.1494662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Intensified training may lead to fatigue or even a state of overreaching with temporary reductions in performance. Any aid helping to prevent these consequences and to better tolerate such a training regime would be of great importance. 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) and α-ketoglutaric acid (α-KG) supplementation has been suggested to support favorable training outcomes but its effectiveness to facilitate adaptations during an intensified training period has never been investigated. During an in-season competition break (2 weeks), seventeen young outfield soccer players (age:14.7 ± 0.4 yr) performed a 9-day lasting shock microcyle including 5-7 repeated sprint exercise sessions in addition to the regular training (∼6 sessions/wk) and match (1-2 matches/wk) schedule. Before the training period a treadmill test to exhaustion, a YOYO intermittent recovery level 2 (YYIR2) and a repeated sprint ability (RSA) test were performed. The treadmill test was repeated 3 days after the shock microcycle whereas the YYIR2 and the RSA test on day 10 after the training. Magnitude based inference analysis showed likely positive effects of the 5-HMF/α-KG compared to the control group for changes in the maximal running velocity (+0.3 ± 0.7 vs. -0.3 ± 0.8 km/h) and running velocity at lactate turn-point 1 (+0.2 ± 0.4 vs. -0.2 ± 0.6) and lactate turn-point 2 (+0.4 ± 0.4 vs. -0.2 ± 0.6 km/h, for the 5-HMF/α-KG and placebo group, respectively). Training improved YYIR2 performance (+180 ± 67 vs. +200 ± 168m) and RSA (mean time: -0.1 ± 0.1 vs. -0.1 ± 0.1s, for the 5-HMF/α-KG and placebo group, respectively) in both groups and to the same extent. In conclusion, an in-season shock microcyle including repeated sprint training improves YYIR2 performance and RSA in youth soccer players. Supplementation with 5-HMF/α-KG did not modify training adaptations but led to likely positive exercise performance responses shortly after the intensified training regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Gatterer
- Institute of Mountain Emergency Medicine EURAC Research, Bolzano, Italy.,Department of Sport Science, University Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Alexander Müller
- Exercise Physiology, Training and Training Therapy Research Group, Institute of Sports Sciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Sports Science Laboratory, Institute of Health and Tourism Management, University of Applied Sciences-FH JOANNEUM, Bad Gleichenberg, Austria
| | - Helmut Simi
- Sports Science Laboratory, Institute of Health and Tourism Management, University of Applied Sciences-FH JOANNEUM, Bad Gleichenberg, Austria
| | | | | | | | - Dietmar Wallner
- Sports Science Laboratory, Institute of Health and Tourism Management, University of Applied Sciences-FH JOANNEUM, Bad Gleichenberg, Austria
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Hall C, Grayson I. Genotoxicity and sub-chronic toxicity of MYOLUTION ® (branched chain keto acids). Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 90:133-143. [PMID: 28888959 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
MYOLUTION®, which consists of a mixture of the branched chain keto acids, keto-leucine, keto-isoleucine and keto-valine, as their calcium salts, may potentially be used as a food ingredient based on the reported contributions of these compounds to muscle health and exercise performance. Tests on genotoxicity and sub-chronic toxicity were performed to evaluate the safety of branched chain keto acids. No genotoxic effects were observed in the bacterial mutation assay or the in vitro micronucleus assay in human lymphocytes. In the 28 day and 90 day repeated dose toxicity studies no test item related mortality or toxicological effects on clinical signs, body weight, food consumption, urine parameters, hematology, clinical biochemistry parameters, organ weight, gross pathological findings and histopathology were observed. Based on the studies described here, MYOLUTION® does not exert a genotoxic effect, and a no-observed-adverse-effect-level of 3318.38 mg/kg bw/day in males and 3733.28 mg/kg bw/day in females was determined in the 90 day repeated dose toxicity study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Hall
- Evonik Nutrition & Care GmbH, Rodenbacher Chaussee 4, 63457 Hanau-Wolfgang, Federal Republic of Germany.
| | - Ian Grayson
- Evonik Nutrition & Care GmbH, Rodenbacher Chaussee 4, 63457 Hanau-Wolfgang, Federal Republic of Germany.
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Lima RCP, Camerino SRAS, França TCL, Rodrigues DSA, Gouveia MGS, Ximenes-da-Silva A, Bassini A, Prado ES, Cameron LC. Keto analogues and amino acids supplementation induces a decrease of white blood cell counts and a reduction of muscle damage during intense exercise under thermoneutral conditions. Food Funct 2017; 8:1519-1525. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fo00189d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Keto analogues and amino acids supplementation modulates the white blood cell immune response after exercise under thermoneutral conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. C. P. Lima
- Laboratory for Research in Physical Exercise and Metabolism
- Federal University of Alagoas. Campus A.C. Simões
- Maceió/AL
- Brazil
| | - S. R. A. S. Camerino
- Laboratory for Research in Physical Exercise and Metabolism
- Federal University of Alagoas. Campus A.C. Simões
- Maceió/AL
- Brazil
| | - T. C. L. França
- Laboratory for Research in Physical Exercise and Metabolism
- Federal University of Alagoas. Campus A.C. Simões
- Maceió/AL
- Brazil
| | | | | | | | - A. Bassini
- Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry
- Federal University of State of Rio de Janeiro
- Rio de Janeiro
- Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Sportomics
| | - E. S. Prado
- Laboratory for Research in Physical Exercise and Metabolism
- Federal University of Alagoas. Campus A.C. Simões
- Maceió/AL
- Brazil
- Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry
| | - L. C. Cameron
- Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry
- Federal University of State of Rio de Janeiro
- Rio de Janeiro
- Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry and Sportomics
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Camerino SRAES, Lima RCP, França TCL, Herculano EDA, Rodrigues DSA, Gouveia MGDS, Cameron LC, Prado ES. Keto analogue and amino acid supplementation and its effects on ammonemia and performance under thermoneutral conditions. Food Funct 2016; 7:872-80. [DOI: 10.1039/c5fo01054c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Keto analogue and amino acid supplementation decreases ammonemia during exercise without affecting performance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - L. C. Cameron
- Laboratory of Protein Biochemistry
- Federal University of State of Rio de Janeiro
- Rio de Janeiro
- Rio de Janeiro
- Brazil
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12
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Liu Y, Spreng T, Lehr M, Yang B, Karau A, Gebhardt H, Steinacker JM. The supportive effect of supplementation with α-keto acids on physical training in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Food Funct 2015; 6:2224-30. [DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00263j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The supplementation with α-keto acids provides supportive effects in type 2 diabetes patients undergoing physical training by improving training effects and prolonging benefit in glucose control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Liu
- Section of Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine
- Department of Internal Medicine II
- University of Ulm
- Ulm
- Germany
| | - T. Spreng
- Section of Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine
- Department of Internal Medicine II
- University of Ulm
- Ulm
- Germany
| | - M. Lehr
- Section of Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine
- Department of Internal Medicine II
- University of Ulm
- Ulm
- Germany
| | - B. Yang
- Section of Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine
- Department of Internal Medicine II
- University of Ulm
- Ulm
- Germany
| | - A. Karau
- Evonik Industries AG
- Hanau
- Germany
| | | | - J. M. Steinacker
- Section of Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine
- Department of Internal Medicine II
- University of Ulm
- Ulm
- Germany
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13
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Alghannam AF, Tsintzas K, Thompson D, Bilzon J, Betts JA. Post-Exercise Protein Trial: Interactions between Diet and Exercise (PEPTIDE): study protocol for randomized controlled trial. Trials 2014; 15:459. [PMID: 25420552 PMCID: PMC4253013 DOI: 10.1186/1745-6215-15-459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Performing regular exercise is known to manifest a number of health benefits that mainly relate to cardiovascular and muscular adaptations to allow for greater oxygen extraction and utilization. There is increasing evidence that nutrient intake can affect the adaptive response to a single exercise bout, and that protein feeding is important to facilitate this process. Thus, the exercise-nutrient interaction may potentially lead to a greater response to training. The role of post-exercise protein ingestion in enhancing the effects of running-based endurance exercise training relative to energy-matched carbohydrate intervention remains to be established. Additionally, the influence of immediate versus overnight protein ingestion in mediating these training effects is currently unknown. The current protocol aims to establish whether post-exercise nutrient intake and timing would influence the magnitude of improvements during a prescribed endurance training program. METHODS/DESIGN The project involves two phases with each involving two treatment arms applied in a randomized investigator-participant double-blind parallel group design. For each treatment, participants will be required to undergo six weeks of running-based endurance training. Immediately post-exercise, participants will be prescribed solutions providing 0.4 grams per kilogram of body mass (g · kg(-1)) of whey protein hydrolysate plus 0.4 g · kg(-1) sucrose, relative to an isocaloric sucrose control (0.8 g · kg(-1); Phase I). In Phase II, identical protein supplements will be provided (0.4 + 0.4 g · kg(-1) · h(-1) of whey protein hydrolysate and sucrose, respectively), with the timing of ingestion manipulated to compare immediate versus overnight recovery feedings. Anthropometric, expired gas, venous blood and muscle biopsy samples will be obtained at baseline and following the six-week training period. DISCUSSION By investigating the role of nutrition in enhancing the effects of endurance exercise training, we will provide novel insight regarding nutrient-exercise interactions and the potential to help and develop effective methods to maximize health or performance outcomes in response to regular exercise. TRIAL REGISTRATION Current Controlled Trials registration number: ISRCTN27312291 (date assigned: 4 December 2013). The first participant was randomized on 11 December 2013.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah F Alghannam
- Human Physiology Research Group, Department for Health, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.
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14
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Karau A, Grayson I. Amino acids in human and animal nutrition. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 143:189-228. [PMID: 24676880 DOI: 10.1007/10_2014_269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Amino acids are key components of human and animal nutrition, both as part of a protein-containing diet, and as supplemented individual products. In the last 10 years there has been a marked move away from the extraction of amino acids from natural products, which has been replaced by efficient fermentation processes using nonanimal carbon sources. Today several amino acids are produced in fermentation plants with capacities of more than 100,000 tonnes to serve the requirements of animal feed and human nutrition. The main fermentative amino acids for animal nutrition are L-lysine, L-threonine, and L-tryptophan. DL-Methionine continues to be manufactured for animal feed use principally by chemical synthesis, and a pharmaceutical grade is manufactured by enzymatic resolution. Amino acids play an important role in medical nutrition, particularly in parenteral nutrition, where there are high purity requirements for infusion grade products. Amino acids are also appearing more often in dietary supplements, initially for performance athletes, but increasingly for the general population. As the understanding of the effects of the individual amino acids on the human metabolism is deepened, more specialized product mixtures are being offered to improve athletic performance and for body-building.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Karau
- Evonik Industries AG, Business Line Health Care, Rodenbacher Chaussee 4, 63457, Hanau-Wolfgang, Germany,
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Bassini A, Cameron L. Sportomics: Building a new concept in metabolic studies and exercise science. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 445:708-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.12.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Fournier C, Bedlack B, Hardiman O, Heiman-Patterson T, Gutmann L, Bromberg M, Ostrow L, Carter G, Kabashi E, Bertorini T, Mozaffar T, Andersen P, Dietz J, Gamez J, Dimachkie M, Wang Y, Wicks P, Heywood J, Novella S, Rowland LP, Pioro E, Kinsley L, Mitchell K, Glass J, Sathornsumetee S, Kwiecinski H, Baker J, Atassi N, Forshew D, Ravits J, Conwit R, Jackson C, Sherman A, Dalton K, Tindall K, Gonzalez G, Robertson J, Phillips L, Benatar M, Sorenson E, Shoesmith C, Nash S, Maragakis N, Moore D, Caress J, Boylan K, Armon C, Grosso M, Gerecke B, Wymer J, Oskarsson B, Bowser R, Drory V, Shefner J, Lechtzin N, Leitner M, Miller R, Mitsumoto H, Levine T, Russell J, Sharma K, Saperstein D, McClusky L, MacGowan D, Licht J, Verma A, Strong M, Lomen-Hoerth C, Tandan R, Rivner M, Kolb S, Polak M, Rudnicki S, Kittrell P, Quereshi M, Sachs G, Pattee G, Weiss M, Kissel J, Goldstein J, Rothstein J, Pastula D, Gleb L, Ogino M, Rosenfeld J, Carmi E, Oster C, Barkhaus P, Valor E. ALS Untangled No. 20: the Deanna protocol. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2013; 14:319-23. [PMID: 23638638 DOI: 10.3109/21678421.2013.788405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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