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Gu Z, Kothary P, Sun CH, Gari A, Zhang Y, Taylor C, Jiang P. Evaporation-Induced Hierarchical Assembly of Rigid Silicon Nanopillars Fabricated by a Scalable Two-Level Colloidal Lithography Approach. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:40461-40469. [PMID: 31588737 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b12388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Periodic arrays of silicon nanowires/nanopillars are of great technological importance in developing novel electrical, optical, biosensing, and electromechanical devices. Here, we report a novel two-level colloidal lithography technology for making periodic arrays of single-crystalline silicon nanopillars (or nanocolumns) over large areas. Spin-coated monolayer silica colloidal crystals with unusual nonclose-packed structures are utilized as first-level etching masks in generating ordered polymer posts whose sizes can be much smaller than the templating silica microspheres. These polymer posts can then be used as second-level structural templates in fabricating highly ordered silicon nanopillars with broadly tunable geometries by employing metal-assisted chemical etching. As the silicon nanopillars are produced by direct wet etching on the surface of a single-crystalline silicon wafer, they are relatively free of volume defects and thus their bending strength approaches the predicted theoretical maximum. Most importantly, the unique nonclose-packed structure of the original colloidal template and the close-to-ideal mechanical property enables the formation of unusual open-structured hierarchical assemblies of rigid silicon nanopillars during water evaporation. Both experiments and numerical finite-difference time-domain modeling confirm the importance of high aspect ratios of the templated silicon nanopillars in achieving superior broadband antireflection properties. The large fraction of entrapped air in the hierarchically assembled silicon nanopillars further facilitates to accomplish superhydrophobic surface states, promising for developing self-cleaning antireflection coatings for many important optoelectronic applications.
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Wilhelm TS, Wang Z, Baboli MA, Yan J, Preble SF, Mohseni PK. Ordered Al xGa 1- xAs Nanopillar Arrays via Inverse Metal-Assisted Chemical Etching. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:27488-27497. [PMID: 30079732 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b08228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The ternary III-V semiconductor compound, Al xGa1 -xAs, is an important material that serves a central role within a variety of nanoelectronic, optoelectronic, and photovoltaic devices. With all of its uses, the material itself poses a host of fabrication difficulties stemming from conventional top-down processing, including standard wet-chemical etching and reactive-ion etching (RIE). Metal-assisted chemical etching (MacEtch) techniques provide low-cost and benchtop methods that combine many of the advantages of RIE and wet-chemical etching, without being hindered by many of their disadvantages. Here, inverse-progression MacEtch (I-MacEtch) of Au-patterned Al xGa1 -xAs is demonstrated for the first time and is exploited for the generation of vertical and ordered nanopillar arrays. The etching solution employed here consists of citric acid (C6H8O7) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The I-MacEtch evolution is tracked in time for Al xGa1 -xAs samples with compositions defined by x = 0.55, x = 0.60, and x = 0.70. The vertical and lateral etch rates (VER and LER, respectively) are shown to be tunable with Al fraction and temperature of the etching solution, based on modification of catalytically injected hole distributions. Control over the VER/LER ratio is demonstrated by tailoring etch conditions for single-step fabrication of ordered AlGaAs nanopillar arrays with predefined aspect ratios. Maximum VER and LER values of ∼40 nm/min and ∼105 nm/min, respectively, are measured for Al0.55Ga0.45As at a process temperature of 65 °C. The I-MacEtch nanofabrication methodology outlined in this study may be utilized for the processing of many devices, including high electron mobility transistors, distributed Bragg reflectors, lasers, light-emitting diodes, and multijunction solar cells containing AlGaAs components.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jian Yan
- Matrix Opto Co., Ltd., Suzhou 215614 , China
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Yang J, Zhang M, Lan X, Weng X, Shu Q, Wang R, Qiu F, Wang C, Yang Y. Controllable Fabrication of Non-Close-Packed Colloidal Nanoparticle Arrays by Ion Beam Etching. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2018; 13:177. [PMID: 29892834 PMCID: PMC5995763 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-018-2586-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Polystyrene (PS) nanoparticle films with non-close-packed arrays were prepared by using ion beam etching technology. The effects of etching time, beam current, and voltage on the size reduction of PS particles were well investigated. A slow etching rate, about 9.2 nm/min, is obtained for the nanospheres with the diameter of 100 nm. The rate does not maintain constant with increasing the etching time. This may result from the thermal energy accumulated gradually in a long-time bombardment of ion beam. The etching rate increases nonlinearly with the increase of beam current, while it increases firstly then reach its saturation with the increase of beam voltage. The diameter of PS nanoparticles can be controlled in the range from 34 to 88 nm. Based on the non-close-packed arrays of PS nanoparticles, the ordered silicon (Si) nanopillars with their average diameter of 54 nm are fabricated by employing metal-assisted chemical etching technique. Our results pave an effective way to fabricate the ordered nanostructures with the size less than 100 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- International Joint Research Center of China for Optoelectronic and Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091 China
- Institute of Optoelectronic Information Materials, School of Energy Research, Yunnan University, Cuihu North Road 2, Kunming, 650091 Yunnan Province China
| | - Mingling Zhang
- International Joint Research Center of China for Optoelectronic and Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091 China
| | - Xu Lan
- International Joint Research Center of China for Optoelectronic and Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091 China
| | - Xiaokang Weng
- International Joint Research Center of China for Optoelectronic and Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091 China
| | - Qijiang Shu
- Institute of Optoelectronic Information Materials, School of Energy Research, Yunnan University, Cuihu North Road 2, Kunming, 650091 Yunnan Province China
| | - Rongfei Wang
- International Joint Research Center of China for Optoelectronic and Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091 China
- Institute of Optoelectronic Information Materials, School of Energy Research, Yunnan University, Cuihu North Road 2, Kunming, 650091 Yunnan Province China
| | - Feng Qiu
- International Joint Research Center of China for Optoelectronic and Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091 China
- Institute of Optoelectronic Information Materials, School of Energy Research, Yunnan University, Cuihu North Road 2, Kunming, 650091 Yunnan Province China
| | - Chong Wang
- International Joint Research Center of China for Optoelectronic and Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091 China
- Institute of Optoelectronic Information Materials, School of Energy Research, Yunnan University, Cuihu North Road 2, Kunming, 650091 Yunnan Province China
| | - Yu Yang
- International Joint Research Center of China for Optoelectronic and Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091 China
- Institute of Optoelectronic Information Materials, School of Energy Research, Yunnan University, Cuihu North Road 2, Kunming, 650091 Yunnan Province China
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Zhang Z, Geng C, Hao Z, Wei T, Yan Q. Recent advancement on micro-/nano-spherical lens photolithography based on monolayer colloidal crystals. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2016; 228:105-22. [PMID: 26732300 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2015.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Highly ordered nanostructures have gained substantial interest in the research community due to their fascinating properties and wide applications.Micro-/nano-spherical lens photolithography (SLPL) has been recognized as an inexpensive, inherently parallel, and high-throughput approach to the creation of highly ordered nanostructures. SLPL based on monolayer colloidal crystals (MCCs) of self-assembled colloidal micro-/nano-spheres have recently made remarkable progress in overcoming the constraints of conventional photolithography in terms of cost, feature size, tunability, and pattern complexity. In this review, we highlight the current state-of-the-art in this field with an emphasis on the fabrication of a variety of highly ordered nanostructures based on this technique and their demonstrated applications in light emitting diodes, nano-patterning semiconductors, and localized surface plasmon resonance devices. Finally, we present a perspective on the future development of MCC-based SLPL technique, including a discussion on the improvement of the quality of MCCs and the compatibility of this technique with other semiconductor micromachining process for nanofabrication.
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Fabrication and structure modulation of high-aspect-ratio porous GaAs through anisotropic chemical etching, anodic etching, and anodic oxidation. Electrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2013.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Asoh H, Fujihara K, Ono S. Sub-100-nm ordered silicon hole arrays by metal-assisted chemical etching. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2013; 8:410. [PMID: 24090268 PMCID: PMC3852592 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-8-410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Sub-100-nm silicon nanohole arrays were fabricated by a combination of the site-selective electroless deposition of noble metals through anodic porous alumina and the subsequent metal-assisted chemical etching. Under optimum conditions, the formation of deep straight holes with an ordered periodicity (e.g., 100 nm interval, 40 nm diameter, and high aspect ratio of 50) was successfully achieved. By using the present method, the fabrication of silicon nanohole arrays with 60-nm periodicity was also achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetaka Asoh
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kogakuin University, 2665-1 Nakano, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0015, Japan
| | - Kousuke Fujihara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kogakuin University, 2665-1 Nakano, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0015, Japan
| | - Sachiko Ono
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kogakuin University, 2665-1 Nakano, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0015, Japan
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