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Chin-Heng L, Chun-Hung T, Ding-Zheng L. Optimization of physical vapor deposition process for low background nanoimprinted SERS substrate in quantitative melamine analysis. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 306:123563. [PMID: 37890325 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Uniformity, sensitivity, reproducibility, and cost are the critical parameters of practical surface-enhanced-Raman-spectroscopy (SERS) substrates. Herein, we proposed a High-Aspect-Ratio-Nano-Pillar-Array (HARNPA) substrate deposited silver by physical vapor deposition (PVD) methods (e.g. E-beam evaporation, sputtering, and a two-stage intermittent sputtering) to fabricate high-performance SERS substrates. The substrate by the E-beam evaporation has a significant SERS effect, but the Raman background induced by the exposure of the polymer HARNPA limits the analyte choice. The substrate by the sputtering method has better step coverage of silver but a lower enhancement factor. Therefore, we proposed a process of two-stage intermittent sputtering to solve these limitations. In addition, we define a factor called the signal-to-background peak ratio (S/B peak ratio) to evaluate the influence of the Raman background from the SERS substrate. Finally, we accomplished a SERS substrate with an S/B peak ratio of 3.48 by intermittent sputtering, which has the best linearity (R2 = 0.97) of the melamine concentration curve and the lowest detection limit (LoD = 5.6 × 10-7 M) that meets the regulatory requirements for melamine detection (3.96 × 10-6 M). The benefits of our SERS substrates are easy fabrication, high sensitivity (EF = 1.44 × 107), high reproducibility (CV = 8.4 %), and excellent uniformity (CV = 7 % in 4″ area), which are beneficial for mass production in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Chin-Heng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Tsai Chun-Hung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Lin Ding-Zheng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taiwan, ROC.
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2
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Peng R, Zhang T, Yan S, Song Y, Liu X, Wang J. Recent Development and Applications of Stretchable SERS Substrates. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2968. [PMID: 37999322 PMCID: PMC10675327 DOI: 10.3390/nano13222968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a cutting-edge technique for highly sensitive analysis of chemicals and molecules. Traditional SERS-active nanostructures are constructed on rigid substrates where the nanogaps providing hot-spots of Raman signals are fixed, and sample loading is unsatisfactory due to the unconformable attachment of substrates on irregular sample surfaces. A flexible SERS substrate enables conformable sample loading and, thus, highly sensitive Raman detection but still with limited detection capabilities. Stretchable SERS substrates with flexible sample loading structures and controllable hot-spot size provide a new strategy for improving the sample loading efficiency and SERS detection sensitivity. This review summarizes and discusses recent development and applications of the newly conceptual stretchable SERS substrates. A roadmap of the development of SERS substrates is reviewed, and fabrication techniques of stretchable SERS substrates are summarized, followed by an exhibition of the applications of these stretchable SERS substrates. Finally, challenges and perspectives of the stretchable SERS substrates are presented. This review provides an overview of the development of SERS substrates and sheds light on the design, fabrication, and application of stretchable SERS systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Peng
- College of Marine Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- College of Marine Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Sheng Yan
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yongxin Song
- College of Marine Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Junsheng Wang
- Department of Information Science and Technology, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Sensing and Intelligent Detection, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
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3
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Liu M, Yu L, Li Y, Ma Y, An S, Zheng J, Liu L, Lin K, Gao P. Bionic Plasmonic Nanoarrays Excited by Radially Polarized Vector Beam for Metal-Enhanced Fluorescence. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1237. [PMID: 37049330 PMCID: PMC10097346 DOI: 10.3390/nano13071237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Metal-enhanced fluorescence (MEF) is an important fluorescence technology due to its ability to significantly improve the fluorescence intensity. Here, we present a new MEF configuration of the bionic nanorod array illuminated by radially polarized vector beam (RVB). The bionic nanorod array is fabricated via a nanoimprinting method by using the wings of the Chinese cicada "meimuna mongolica" as bio-templates, and later coating gold film by ion sputtering deposition method. The MEF performance of the prepared substrate is tested by a home-made optical system. The experiment results show that, in the case of RVB excitation, the intensity of fluorescence is more than 10 times stronger with the nano-imprinted substrate than that with glass. Using the bionic nanoarray as a substrate, the intensity of fluorescence is ~2 times stronger via RVB than that by the linearly polarized beam. In addition, the prepared substrate is verified to have good uniformity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- School of Physics, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China
- Guangzhou Institute of Technology, Xidian University, Guangzhou 510555, China
| | - Lan Yu
- School of Physics, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China
| | - Yanru Li
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China
| | - Ying Ma
- School of Physics, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China
| | - Sha An
- School of Physics, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China
| | - Juanjuan Zheng
- School of Physics, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China
| | - Lixin Liu
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China
| | - Ke Lin
- School of Physics, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China
| | - Peng Gao
- School of Physics, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China
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Surface functionalization of Si6Li6 cluster with superalkalis to achieve high nonlinear optical response: A DFT study. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Bauman SJ, Darweesh AA, Furr M, Magee M, Argyropoulos C, Herzog JB. Tunable SERS Enhancement via Sub-nanometer Gap Metasurfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:15541-15548. [PMID: 35344345 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c01335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Raman sensing is a powerful technique for detecting chemical signatures, especially when combined with optical enhancement techniques such as using substrates containing plasmonic nanostructures. In this work, we successfully demonstrated surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) of two analytes adsorbed onto gold nanosphere metasurfaces with tunable subnanometer gap widths. These metasurfaces, which push the bounds of previously studied SERS nanostructure feature sizes, were fabricated with precise control of the intersphere gap width to within 1 nm for gaps close to and below 1 nm. Analyte Raman spectra were measured for samples for a range of gap widths, and the surface-affected signal enhancement was found to increase with decreasing gap width, as expected and corroborated via electromagnetic field modeling. Interestingly, an enhancement quenching effect was observed below gaps of around 1 nm. We believe this to be one of the few studies of gap-width-dependent SERS for the subnanometer range, and the results suggest the potential of such methods as a probe of subnanometer scale effects at the interface between plasmonic nanostructures. With further study, we believe that tunable sub-nanometer gap metasurfaces could be a useful tool for the study of nonlocal and quantum enhancement-quenching effects. This could aid the development of optimized Raman-based sensors for a variety of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Bauman
- Microelectronics-Photonics Graduate Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Ahmad A Darweesh
- Microelectronics-Photonics Graduate Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Miles Furr
- R.B. Annis School of Engineering, University of Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46227, United States
| | - Meredith Magee
- R.B. Annis School of Engineering, University of Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46227, United States
| | - Christos Argyropoulos
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Joseph B Herzog
- R.B. Annis School of Engineering, University of Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46227, United States
- Department of Physics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
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Tahir MA, Dina NE, Cheng H, Valev VK, Zhang L. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy for bioanalysis and diagnosis. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:11593-11634. [PMID: 34231627 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr00708d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, bioanalytical surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has blossomed into a fast-growing research area. Owing to its high sensitivity and outstanding multiplexing ability, SERS is an effective analytical technique that has excellent potential in bioanalysis and diagnosis, as demonstrated by its increasing applications in vivo. SERS allows the rapid detection of molecular species based on direct and indirect strategies. Because it benefits from the tunable surface properties of nanostructures, it finds a broad range of applications with clinical relevance, such as biological sensing, drug delivery and live cell imaging assays. Of particular interest are early-stage-cancer detection and the fast detection of pathogens. Here, we present a comprehensive survey of SERS-based assays, from basic considerations to bioanalytical applications. Our main focus is on SERS-based pathogen detection methods as point-of-care solutions for early bacterial infection detection and chronic disease diagnosis. Additionally, various promising in vivo applications of SERS are surveyed. Furthermore, we provide a brief outlook of recent endeavours and we discuss future prospects and limitations for SERS, as a reliable approach for rapid and sensitive bioanalysis and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ali Tahir
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, Peoples' Republic of China.
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Nair S, Gomez-Cruz J, Ascanio G, Docoslis A, Sabat RG, Escobedo C. Cicada Wing Inspired Template-Stripped SERS Active 3D Metallic Nanostructures for the Detection of Toxic Substances. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21051699. [PMID: 33801222 PMCID: PMC7957863 DOI: 10.3390/s21051699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This article introduces a bioinspired, cicada wing-like surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate based on template-stripped crossed surface relief grating (TS-CSRG). The substrate is polarization-independent, has tunable nanofeatures and can be fabricated in a cleanroom-free environment via holographic exposure followed by template-stripping using a UV-curable resin. The bioinspired nanostructures in the substrate are strategically designed to minimize the reflection of light for wavelengths shorter than their periodicity, promoting enhanced plasmonic regions for the Raman excitation wavelength at 632.8 nm over a large area. The grating pitch that enables an effective SERS signal is studied using Rhodamine 6G, with enhancement factors of the order of 1 × 104. Water contact angle measurements reveal that the TS-CSRGs are equally hydrophobic to cicada wings, providing them with potential self-cleaning and bactericidal properties. Finite-difference time-domain simulations are used to validate the nanofabrication parameters and to further confirm the polarization-independent electromagnetic field enhancement of the nanostructures. As a real-world application, label-free detection of melamine up to 1 ppm, the maximum concentration of the contaminant in food permitted by the World Health Organization, is demonstrated. The new bioinspired functional TS-CSRG SERS substrate holds great potential as a large-area, label-free SERS-active substrate for medical and biochemical sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srijit Nair
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; (S.N.); (J.G.-C.); (A.D.)
| | - Juan Gomez-Cruz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; (S.N.); (J.G.-C.); (A.D.)
- Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas y Desarrollo Tecnológico (ICAT), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cto. Exterior S/N, C.U., Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico;
| | - Gabriel Ascanio
- Instituto de Ciencias Aplicadas y Desarrollo Tecnológico (ICAT), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Cto. Exterior S/N, C.U., Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico;
| | - Aristides Docoslis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; (S.N.); (J.G.-C.); (A.D.)
| | - Ribal Georges Sabat
- Department of Physics and Space Science, Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, ON K7K 7B4, Canada;
| | - Carlos Escobedo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; (S.N.); (J.G.-C.); (A.D.)
- Correspondence:
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Oliveira EGDL, de Oliveira HP, Gomes ASL. Metal nanoparticles/carbon dots nanocomposites for SERS devices: trends and perspectives. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-03306-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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9
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Milewska A, Zivanovic V, Merk V, Arnalds UB, Sigurjónsson ÓE, Kneipp J, Leosson K. Gold nanoisland substrates for SERS characterization of cultured cells. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 10:6172-6188. [PMID: 31853393 PMCID: PMC6913407 DOI: 10.1364/boe.10.006172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a simple approach for fabricating cell-compatible SERS substrates, using repeated gold deposition and thermal annealing. The substrates exhibit SERS enhancement up to six orders of magnitude and high uniformity. We have carried out Raman imaging of fixed mesenchymal stromal cells cultured directly on the substrates. Results of viability assays confirm that the substrates are highly biocompatible and Raman imaging confirms that cell attachment to the substrates is sufficient to realize significant SERS enhancement of cellular components. Using the SERS substrates as an in vitro sensing platform allowed us to identify multiple characteristic molecular fingerprints of the cells, providing a promising avenue towards non-invasive chemical characterization of biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrianna Milewska
- Innovation Center Iceland, Árleynir 2–8, 112 Reykjavík, Iceland
- The Blood Bank, Landspitali University Hospital, Snorrabraut 60, 105 Reykjavík, Iceland
- University of Iceland, School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sæmundargötu 2, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Vesna Zivanovic
- Humboldt University, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Virginia Merk
- Humboldt University, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Unnar B. Arnalds
- Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhaga 3, 107 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Ólafur E. Sigurjónsson
- The Blood Bank, Landspitali University Hospital, Snorrabraut 60, 105 Reykjavík, Iceland
- Reykjavik University, School of Science and Engineering, Menntavegur 1, 101 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Janina Kneipp
- Humboldt University, Brook-Taylor-Str. 2, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kristjan Leosson
- Innovation Center Iceland, Árleynir 2–8, 112 Reykjavík, Iceland
- Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhaga 3, 107 Reykjavík, Iceland
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10
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Wang Y, Wang M, Sun X, Shi G, Zhang J, Ma W, Ren L. Grating-like SERS substrate with tunable gaps based on nanorough Ag nanoislands/moth wing scale arrays for quantitative detection of cypermethrin. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:22168-22181. [PMID: 30130914 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.022168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Considering the complexity and high-consumption of the existing approaches to fabricate three-dimensional (3D) regular substrate templates, the scales of the moth wings with evenly-distributed nanoarrays were discovered to provide an ideal bioscaffold for metal silver (Ag) to decorate on to fabricate a flexible, highly-ordered, low-cost and large-scale Ag nanoislands/moth wing (Ag/MW) SERS-active substrate. The grating-like substrate with the optimal morphology of rough and hierarchical Ag nanoislands exhibited high enhancement factor (EF, ~4.16 × 105), low detection limit (10-10 M) to 4-aminothiophenol (4-ATP), outstanding signal uniformity (the relative standard deviations were less than 15%) and superior identification performance in the quantitative detection of pesticide cypermethrin. The three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain (3D-FDTD) method simulated the spatial distribution of the electric field intensity in the substrates with different morphologies, showing a potential strong enhancement of Raman signals in sub-10 nm gaps between two adjacent Ag nanoislands of different layers. These prominent SERS properties of novel Ag/MW SERS-active substrates suggest their potential value in rapid on-side biological and chemical sensing. Meanwhile, the highly-ordered nanoarrays of moth wings provide a new idea for the preparation of regular biomimetic nanomaterials.
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12
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Quan J, Zhang J, Qi X, Li J, Wang N, Zhu Y. A study on the correlation between the dewetting temperature of Ag film and SERS intensity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14771. [PMID: 29116240 PMCID: PMC5676717 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15372-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The thermally dewetted metal nano-islands have been actively investigated as cost-effective SERS-active substrates with a large area, good reproducibility and repeatability via simple fabrication process. However, the correlation between the dewetting temperature of metal film and SERS intensity hasn't been systematically studied. In this work, taking Ag nano-islands (AgNIs) as an example, we reported a strategy to investigate the correlation between the dewetting temperature of metal film and SERS intensity. We described the morphology evolution of AgNIs on the SiO2 planar substrate in different temperatures and got the quantitative information in surface-limited diffusion process (SLDP) as a function of annealing temperature via classical mean-field nucleation theory. Those functions were further used in the simulation of electromagnetic field to obtain the correlation between the dewetting temperature of Ag film and theoretical analysis. In addition, Raman mapping was done on samples annealed at different temperatures, with R6G as an analyte, to accomplish the analysis of the correlation between the dewetting temperature of Ag film and SERS intensity, which is consistent with the theoretical analysis. For SLDP, we used the morphological characterization of five samples prepared by different annealing temperatures to successfully illustrate the change in SERS intensity with the temperature fluctuation, obtaining a small deviation between the experimental results and theoretic prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Quan
- The Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and System, Education Ministry of China, Chongqing University, chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and System, Education Ministry of China, Chongqing University, chongqing, 400044, China.
| | - Xueqiang Qi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Junying Li
- The Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and System, Education Ministry of China, Chongqing University, chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Ning Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and System, Education Ministry of China, Chongqing University, chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Yong Zhu
- College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, chongqing, 400044, China.
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Arnob MMP, Shih WC. 3-Dimensional Plasmonic Substrates Based on Chicken Eggshell Bio-Templates for SERS-Based Bio-Sensing. MICROMACHINES 2017. [PMCID: PMC6190012 DOI: 10.3390/mi8060196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Md Masud Parvez Arnob
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA;
| | - Wei-Chuan Shih
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
- Program of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-713-743-4454
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15
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Dinda S, Suresh V, Thoniyot P, Balčytis A, Juodkazis S, Krishnamoorthy S. Engineering 3D Nanoplasmonic Assemblies for High Performance Spectroscopic Sensing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:27661-27666. [PMID: 26523480 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b07745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the fabrication of plasmonic sensors that comprise gold nanopillar arrays exhibiting high surface areas, and narrow gaps, through self-assembly of amphiphilic diblock copolymer micelles on silicon substrates. Silicon nanopillars with high integrity over arbitrary large areas are obtained using copolymer micelles as lithographic templates. The gaps between metal features are controlled by varying the thickness of the evaporated gold. The resulting gold metal nanopillar arrays exhibit an engineered surface topography, together with uniform and controlled separations down to sub-10 nm suitable for highly sensitive detection of molecular analytes by Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS). The significance of the approach is demonstrated through the control exercised at each step, including template preparation and pattern-transfer steps. The approach is a promising means to address trade-offs between resolutions, throughput, and performance in the fabrication of nanoplasmonic assemblies for sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Dinda
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 3, Research Link, Singapore 117602, Singapore
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha O Anushandan University (SOA) , Bhubaneswar, 751030, India
| | - V Suresh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 3, Research Link, Singapore 117602, Singapore
| | - P Thoniyot
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 3, Research Link, Singapore 117602, Singapore
- Singapore Bio imaging Consortium (SBIC), Biomedical Sciences Institutes , 11 Biopolis Way, #02-02, Helios 138667, Singapore
| | - A Balčytis
- Centre for Micro-Photonics, Faculty of Science Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology , Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
- Institute of Physics, Centre for Physical Sciences and Technology , 231 Savanoriu Avenue, LT-02300 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - S Juodkazis
- Centre for Micro-Photonics, Faculty of Science Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology , Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - S Krishnamoorthy
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 3, Research Link, Singapore 117602, Singapore
- Nano-Enabled Medicine and Cosmetics Group, Materials Research and Technology (MRT), Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST) , 41, Rue du Brill, L-4422, Belvaux, Luxembourg
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Meng L, Gao J, He X, Li J, Wei Y, Yan J. CMOS-Compatible Top-Down Fabrication of Periodic SiO2 Nanostructures using a Single Mask. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2015; 10:1046. [PMID: 26306538 PMCID: PMC4549353 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-015-1046-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We propose a CMOS-compatible top-down fabrication technique of highly-ordered and periodic SiO2 nanostructures using a single amorphous silicon (α-Si) mask layer. The α-Si mask pattern is precisely transferred into the underlying SiO2 substrate material with a high fidelity by a novel top-down fabrication. It is the first time for α-Si film used as an etch mask to fabricate SiO2 nanostructures including nanoline, nanotrench, and nanohole arrays. It is observed that the α-Si mask can significantly reduce the pattern edge roughness and achieve highly uniform and smooth sidewalls. This behavior may be attributed to the presence of high concentration of dangling bonds in α-Si mask surface. By controlling the process condition, it is possible to achieve a desired vertical etched profile with a controlled size. Our results demonstrate that SiO2 pattern as small as sub-20 nm may be achievable. The obtained SiO2 pattern can be further used as a nanotemplate to produce periodic or more complex silicon nanostructures. Moreover, this novel top-down approach is a potentially universal method that is fully compatible with the currently existing Si-based CMOS technologies. It offers a greater flexibility for the fabrication of various nanoscale devices in a simple and efficient way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingkuan Meng
- Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianfeng Gao
- Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaobin He
- Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029 People’s Republic of China
| | - Junjie Li
- Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yayi Wei
- Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiang Yan
- Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029 People’s Republic of China
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Oh MK, Shin YS, Lee CL, De R, Kang H, Yu NE, Kim BH, Kim JH, Yang JK. Morphological and SERS Properties of Silver Nanorod Array Films Fabricated by Oblique Thermal Evaporation at Various Substrate Temperatures. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2015; 10:962. [PMID: 26061442 PMCID: PMC4464578 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-015-0962-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Aligned silver nanorod (AgNR) array films were fabricated by oblique thermal evaporation. The substrate temperature during evaporation was varied from 10 to 100 °C using a home-built water cooling system. Deposition angle and substrate temperature were found to be the most important parameters for the morphology of fabricated films. Especially, it was found that there exists a critical temperature at ~90 °C for the formation of the AgNR array. The highest enhancement factor of the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), observed in the Ag films coated with benzenethiol monolayer, was ~6 × 10(7). Hot spots, excited in narrow gaps between nanorods, were attributed to the huge enhancement factor by our finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulation reflecting the real morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myoung-Kyu Oh
- />Advanced Photonics Research Institute (APRI), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 500-712 South Korea
| | - Yong-Seok Shin
- />Advanced Photonics Research Institute (APRI), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 500-712 South Korea
| | - Chang-Lyoul Lee
- />Advanced Photonics Research Institute (APRI), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 500-712 South Korea
| | - Ranjit De
- />Advanced Photonics Research Institute (APRI), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 500-712 South Korea
| | - Hoonsoo Kang
- />Advanced Photonics Research Institute (APRI), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 500-712 South Korea
| | - Nan Ei Yu
- />Advanced Photonics Research Institute (APRI), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 500-712 South Korea
| | - Bok Hyeon Kim
- />Advanced Photonics Research Institute (APRI), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 500-712 South Korea
| | - Joon Heon Kim
- />Advanced Photonics Research Institute (APRI), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, 500-712 South Korea
| | - Jin-Kyu Yang
- />Department of Optical Engineering, Kongju National University, Cheonan, 330-717 South Korea
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18
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Lee JY, Han J, Lee J, Ji S, Yeo JS. Hierarchical Nanoflowers on Nanograss Structure for a Non-wettable Surface and a SERS Substrate. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2015; 10:505. [PMID: 26718852 PMCID: PMC4696938 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-015-1214-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Hierarchical nanostructures of CuO nanoflowers on nanograss were investigated for self-cleaning and surface plasmonic applications. We achieved the hierarchical nanostructures using one-step oxidation process by controlling the formation of flower-like nanoscale residues (nanoflowers) on CuO nanograss. While the nanograss structure of CuO has a sufficient roughness for superhydrophobic characteristics, the additional hierarchy of nanoflowers on nanograss leads to a semi-reentrant structure with a high repellency even for a very small droplet (10 nL) of low surface tension liquid such as 25 % ethanol (~35 mN/m), thus providing non-wettable and self-cleaning properties. Furthermore, the CuO hierarchical nanostructure serves as a substrate for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). Both of the CuO nanograss and nanoflower provide many nanoscale gaps that act as hot-spots for surface-enhanced Raman signal of 4-mercaptopyridine (4-Mpy), thus enabling a non-destructive detection in a short analysis time with relatively simple preparation of sample. Especially, the CuO nanoflower has larger number of hot-spots at the nanogaps from floral leaf-like structures, thus leading to three times higher Raman intensity than the CuO nanograss. These multifunctional results potentially provide a path toward cost-effective fabrication of a non-wettable surface for self-maintenance applications and a SERS substrate for sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Young Lee
- School of Integrated Technology, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei Institute of Convergence Technology, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehyun Han
- School of Integrated Technology, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei Institute of Convergence Technology, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihye Lee
- School of Integrated Technology, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Yonsei Institute of Convergence Technology, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungmuk Ji
- Yonsei Institute of Convergence Technology, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Souk Yeo
- School of Integrated Technology, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
- Yonsei Institute of Convergence Technology, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Mo X, Wu Y, Zhang J, Hang T, Li M. Bioinspired multifunctional Au nanostructures with switchable adhesion. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:10850-10858. [PMID: 26391725 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b02472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by the self-cleaning of cicada wings, well-aligned Au-coated Ni nanocone arrays (Au@Ni NAs) have been fabricated by a simple and cheap electrodeposition method. After surface modification of n-hexadecanethiol, self-cleaning can be realized on this long-lived superhydrophobic surface with extremely low adhesive force. Switchable adhesion is obtained on its complementary porous surface. The porous Au structure is fabricated by a geometric replica of the nanocone arrays. After the same surface modification, it shows superhydrophobicity with high adhesion. The different adhesive behaviors on the two lock-and-key Au structures are ascribed to their different contact modes with a water droplet. Combining the superhydrophobic properties of the two complementary structures, they can be used to transport precious microdroplets without any loss. The bioinspired periodic Au@Ni NAs can also be potentially employed as surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates due to its electromagnetic enhancement effect, especially at the tips of the nanocones. Thus, superhydrophobic, SERS, long-lived, self-cleaning, microtransportation functions are realized on the basis of the two surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Material Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yunwen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Material Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Junhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Material Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Tao Hang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Material Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Material Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
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20
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Boote BW, Ferreira RAA, Jang W, Byun H, Kim JH. Sub-100 nm anisotropic gold nanoparticles as surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy substrates. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 26:345701. [PMID: 26235352 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/26/34/345701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study describes a reliable preparation of relatively small Ag/Au-based anisotropic nanostructures possessing tunable absorption bands and their use as surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates. These Au nanostructures were prepared via the seed growth process of small Ag-core-Au-shell-type nanoparticles that were obtained by the subsequent reduction of Ag and Au ions by NaBH(4) and L-ascorbic acid at room temperature. The presence of Ag during the transformation process of the Ag-Au core-shell nanoparticles under light irradiation led to the formation of various small anisotropic Au nanoparticles which clearly exhibited different structural and optical properties from those of nanoparticles prepared from typical Ag-Au alloy or bare Ag or Au seeds. As the optimal size of Au-based substrates for SERS applications was reported to be below 100 nm in diameter under a constant concentration, we tested our moderately small anisotropic nanoparticles (∼55 nm in diameter) as a SERS substrate to examine the signal enhancement of 4-nitrobenzenethiol. These nanoparticles exhibited a greatly increased SERS response compared to those of similar sizes of uniform Ag and Au nanoparticles, presumably because of the increased surface area due to the nanoparticles' anisotropic nature (i.e., chemical effect) and partial overlap of their absorption bands with the SERS excitation wavelength (i.e., electromagnetic effect). In addition, these nanoparticles have shown a suitable stability to prevent significant SERS signal fluctuations caused by unpredictable aggregations. Due to our simple synthetic and modification approaches, relatively small Au-based anisotropic nanostructures can be easily designed to serve as attractive SERS templates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett W Boote
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790-4160, USA
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21
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Caires AJ, Alves DCB, Fantini C, Ferlauto AS, Ladeira LO. One-pot in situ photochemical synthesis of graphene oxide/gold nanorod nanocomposites for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra17207h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
One-pot process is demonstrated that produces gold nanorods/graphene oxide nanocomposites that can be used as highly sensitive surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. J. Caires
- Department of Physics
- Federal University of Minas Gerais
- Belo Horizonte 31270-901
- Brazil
| | - D. C. B. Alves
- Department of Physics
- Federal University of Minas Gerais
- Belo Horizonte 31270-901
- Brazil
- Physics Institute
| | - C. Fantini
- Department of Physics
- Federal University of Minas Gerais
- Belo Horizonte 31270-901
- Brazil
| | - A. S. Ferlauto
- Department of Physics
- Federal University of Minas Gerais
- Belo Horizonte 31270-901
- Brazil
| | - L. O. Ladeira
- Department of Physics
- Federal University of Minas Gerais
- Belo Horizonte 31270-901
- Brazil
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22
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Zhou N, Li D, Yang D. Morphology and composition controlled synthesis of flower-like silver nanostructures. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2014; 9:302. [PMID: 24994957 PMCID: PMC4070649 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-9-302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Flower-like silver nanostructures with controlled morphology and composition were prepared through wet-chemical synthesis. The reaction rate is simply manipulated by the amount of catalyzing agent ammonia added which is the key point to determine the ratio of hexagonal close-packed (HCP) to face-centered cubic (FCC) phase in silver nanostructures. The existence of formic acid that is the oxidation product of aldehyde group is demonstrated to play a crucial role in achieving the metastable HCP crystal structures by replacing ionic surfactants with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). Utilizing flower-like silver nanostructures as surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates, Raman signal of Rhodamine 6G, or 4-aminothiophenol with concentration as low as 10(-7) M was detected. Moreover, it is demonstrated that phase composition has no direct relation to the SERS enhancing factor which is mainly determined by the amount of hot spots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
- Cyrus Tang Center for Sensor Materials and Applications, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongsheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
- Cyrus Tang Center for Sensor Materials and Applications, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Deren Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
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23
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Tanahashi I, Harada Y. Naturally inspired SERS substrates fabricated by photocatalytically depositing silver nanoparticles on cicada wings. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2014; 9:298. [PMID: 24959110 PMCID: PMC4060861 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-9-298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Densely stacked Ag nanoparticles with an average diameter of 199 nm were effectively deposited on TiO2-coated cicada wings (Ag/TiO2-coated wings) from a water-ethanol solution of AgNO3 using ultraviolet light irradiation at room temperature. It was seen that the surfaces of bare cicada wings contained nanopillar array structures. In the optical absorption spectra of the Ag/TiO2-coated wings, the absorption peak due to the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of Ag nanoparticles was observed at 440 nm. Strong Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) signals of Rhodamine 6G adsorbed on the Ag/TiO2-coated wings were clearly observed using the 514.5-nm line of an Ar(+) laser. The Ag/TiO2-coated wings can be a promising candidate for naturally inspired SERS substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichiro Tanahashi
- Nanomaterials and Microdevices Research Center, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Harada
- Nanomaterials and Microdevices Research Center, Osaka Institute of Technology, 5-16-1 Omiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
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24
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Jiwei Q, Yudong L, Ming Y, Qiang W, Zongqiang C, Jingyang P, Yue L, Wudeng W, Xuanyi Y, Qian S, Jingjun X. Fabrication of nanowire network AAO and its application in SERS. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2013; 8:495. [PMID: 24261342 PMCID: PMC3842664 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-8-495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, nanowire network anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) was fabricated by just adding a simple film-eroding process after the production of porous AAO. After depositing 50 nm of Au onto the surface, nanowire network AAO can be used as ultrasensitive and high reproducibility surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate. The average Raman enhancement factor of the nanowire network AAO SERS substrate can reach 5.93 × 106, which is about 14% larger than that of commercial Klarite® substrates. Simultaneously, the relative standard deviations in the SERS intensities are limited to approximately 7%. All of the results indicate that our large-area low-cost high-performance nanowire structure AAO SERS substrates have a great advantage in chemical/biological sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Jiwei
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Photonics and Technology, TEDA Applied Physics School and School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Li Yudong
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Photonics and Technology, TEDA Applied Physics School and School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yang Ming
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Photonics and Technology, TEDA Applied Physics School and School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Wu Qiang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Photonics and Technology, TEDA Applied Physics School and School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Chen Zongqiang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Photonics and Technology, TEDA Applied Physics School and School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Peng Jingyang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Photonics and Technology, TEDA Applied Physics School and School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Liu Yue
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Photonics and Technology, TEDA Applied Physics School and School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Wang Wudeng
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Photonics and Technology, TEDA Applied Physics School and School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Yu Xuanyi
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Photonics and Technology, TEDA Applied Physics School and School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Sun Qian
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Photonics and Technology, TEDA Applied Physics School and School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Xu Jingjun
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Photonics and Technology, TEDA Applied Physics School and School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
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