1
|
Tan L, Fan J, Zhou Y, Xiong D, Duan M, Hu D, Wu Z. Preparation of reversible cross-linked amphiphilic polymeric micelles with pH-responsive behavior for smart drug delivery. RSC Adv 2023; 13:28165-28178. [PMID: 37753398 PMCID: PMC10518665 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra05575b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A new type of reversible cross-linked and pH-responsive polymeric micelle (PM), poly[polyethylene glycol methacrylate-co-2-(acetoacetoxy)ethyl methacrylate]-b-poly [2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate] [P(PEGMA-co-AEMA)-b-PDMAEMA], was synthesized for targeted delivery of curcumin. After reversible cross-linking of the micellar shell, the PMs with a typical core-shell structure exhibited excellent stability against extensive dilution and good reversibility of pH-responsiveness in solutions with different pH values. P(PEGMA9-co-AEMA6)-b-PDMAEMA10 has the lowest critical micelle concentration (CMC) value (0.0041 mg mL-1), the highest loading capacity (13.86%) and entrapment efficiency (97.03%). A slow sustained drug release at pH 7.4 with 12.36% in 108 h, while a fast release (42.36%) was observed at pH 5.0. Furthermore, a dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulation method was employed to investigate the self-assembly process and pH-responsive behavior of PMs. The optimal drug-carrier ratio (2%) and fraction of water (92%) were confirmed by analyzing the drug distribution and morphology of micelles during the self-assembly process of the block copolymer. The simulation results were consistent with experimental results, indicating DPD simulation shows potential to study the structure properties of reversible cross-linked micelles. The present findings provide a new method for the development of SDDS with good structural stability and controlled drug release properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liu Tan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 China
- National & Local United Engineering Research Centre for Chemical Process Simulation and Integration, Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 China
| | - Jinling Fan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 China
| | - Yuqing Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 China
| | - Di Xiong
- School of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Manzhen Duan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 China
| | - Ding Hu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 China
- National & Local United Engineering Research Centre for Chemical Process Simulation and Integration, Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 China
| | - Zhimin Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 China
- National & Local United Engineering Research Centre for Chemical Process Simulation and Integration, Xiangtan University Xiangtan 411105 China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Levien M, Nasri Z, Weltmann KD, Fricke K. Study on the Interaction of Plasma-Polymerized Hydrogel Coatings with Aqueous Solutions of Different pH. Gels 2023; 9:gels9030237. [PMID: 36975686 PMCID: PMC10048005 DOI: 10.3390/gels9030237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Amphiphilic hydrogels from mixtures of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and 2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate p(HEMA-co-DEAEMA) with specific pH sensitivity and hydrophilic/hydrophobic structures were designed and polymerized via plasma polymerization. The behavior of plasma-polymerized (pp) hydrogels containing different ratios of pH-sensitive DEAEMA segments was investigated concerning possible applications in bioanalytics. In this regard, the morphological changes, permeability, and stability of the hydrogels immersed in solutions of different pHs were studied. The physico-chemical properties of the pp hydrogel coatings were analyzed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, surface free energy measurements, and atomic force microscopy. Wettability measurements showed an increased hydrophilicity of the pp hydrogels when stored in acidic buffers and a slightly hydrophobic behavior after immersion in alkaline solutions, indicating a pH-dependent behavior. Furthermore, the pp (p(HEMA-co-DEAEMA) (ppHD) hydrogels were deposited on gold electrodes and studied electrochemically to investigate the pH sensitivity of the hydrogels. The hydrogel coatings with a higher ratio of DEAEMA segments showed excellent pH responsiveness at the studied pHs (pH 4, 7, and 10), demonstrating the importance of the DEAEMA ratio in the functionality of pp hydrogel films. Due to their stability and pH-responsive properties, pp (p(HEMA-co-DEAEMA) hydrogels are conceivable candidates for functional and immobilization layers for biosensors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monique Levien
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Zahra Nasri
- Center for Innovation Competence Plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Klaus-Dieter Weltmann
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Katja Fricke
- Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Poly(N-vinylcaprolactam-co-2-(diethylamino)ethylmethacrylate) coated Fe3O4@SiO2 core-shell magnetic nanoparticles for controlled doxorubicin delivery. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
|
4
|
Birhan YS, Hanurry EY, Mekonnen TW, Darge HF, Lin Y, Yang M, Tsai H. Biotin‐decorated redox‐responsive micelles from diselenide‐linked star‐shaped copolymers for the targeted delivery and controlled release of doxorubicin in cancer cells. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yihenew Simegniew Birhan
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei Taiwan
| | - Endris Yibru Hanurry
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei Taiwan
| | - Tefera Worku Mekonnen
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei Taiwan
| | - Haile Fentahun Darge
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei Taiwan
| | - Yu‐Hsuan Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei Taiwan
| | - Ming‐Chien Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei Taiwan
| | - Hsieh‐Chih Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei Taiwan
- Advanced Membrane Materials Center National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei Taiwan
- R&D Center for Membrane Technology Chung Yuan Christian University Taoyuan Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang T, Dar KK, Li Y, Guo J, Sun W, Shea KJ, Tan T, Lv Y. Abiotic Mimic of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Inhibitor against Advanced Metastatic Cancer. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:3190-3200. [PMID: 34152745 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
As the most representative family of proteinases related to tumorigenesis, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) represents a key player in cancer cell migration and regulation of the tumor microenvironment. The inhibition of MMP-9 activity has been pursued as a target for anticancer therapy. However, most synthetic MMP-9 inhibitors have failed in clinical trials because of their lack of selectivity. Here, an abiotic mimic based on molecularly imprinted nanoparticles has been designed as an inhibitor for MMP-9. To attain fast mass transfer and facilitate multifunctional roles, we synthesized the imprinted polymer thin layer on the surface of gold nanorods by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization using MMP-9 as the template, which captures MMP-9 selectively and inhibits its activity by providing steric hindrance to the activity-related domain of MMP-9. In vitro cell experiments and in vivo studies in mice demonstrate that the imprinted artificial antibody suppresses the migration and growth of metastatic tumors. The tumor growth inhibition rate reaches up to 54 ± 15%. Compared with the typical photothermal therapy induced by gold nanorods, the use of MMP-9-imprinted synthetic antibody could better inhibit the lung tumor metastasis by quenching the enzyme activity of MMP-9. This study offers a new paradigm in the engineering of imprinted nanoparticles as inhibitors for cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Kamaran Khurshid Dar
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Weiliang Sun
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Kenneth J Shea
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Tianwei Tan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yongqin Lv
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioprocess, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chiu HI, Lim V. Wheat Germ Agglutinin-Conjugated Disulfide Cross-Linked Alginate Nanoparticles as a Docetaxel Carrier for Colon Cancer Therapy. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:2995-3020. [PMID: 33911862 PMCID: PMC8075318 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s302238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In chemotherapy, oral administration of drug is limited due to lack of drug specificity for localized colon cancer cells. The inability of drugs to differentiate cancer cells from normal cells induces side effects. Colonic targeting with polymeric nanoparticulate drug delivery offers high potential strategies for delivering hydrophobic drugs and fewer side effects to the target site. Disulfide cross-linked polymers have recently acquired high significance due to their potential to degrade in reducing colon conditions while resisting the upper gastrointestinal tract's hostile environment. The goal of this project is, therefore, to develop pH-sensitive and redox-responsive fluorescein-labeled wheat germ agglutinin (fWGA)-mounted disulfide cross-linked alginate nanoparticles (fDTP2) directly targeting docetaxel (DTX) in colon cancer cells. METHODS fDTP2 was prepared by mounting fWGA on DTX-loaded nanoparticles (DTP2) using the two-step carbodiimide method. Morphology of fDTP2 was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Dynamic light scattering (DLS) study was carried out to determine the mean diameter, polydispersity index (PDI) and zeta potential of fDTP2. Cellular uptake efficiency was examined using fluorescence microplate reader. Biocompatibility and active internalization of fDTP2 were conducted on HT-29. RESULTS fDTP2 was found to exhibit a DTX loading efficiency of 19.3%. SEM and TEM tests revealed spherical nanoparticles. The in vitro DTX release test showed a cumulative release of 54.7%. From the DLS study, fDTP2 reported a 277.7 nm mean diameter with PDI below 0.35 and -1.0 mV zeta potential. HT-29 which was fDTP2-treated demonstrated lower viability than L929 with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 34.7 µg/mL. HT-29 (33.4%) internalized fDTP2 efficiently at 2 h incubation. The study on HT-29 active internalization of nanoparticles through fluorescence and confocal imaging indicated such. CONCLUSION In short, fDTP2 demonstrated promise as a colonic drug delivery DTX transporter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hock Ing Chiu
- Integrative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Vuanghao Lim
- Integrative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Albayaty YN, Thomas N, Ramírez-García PD, Davis TP, Quinn JF, Whittaker MR, Prestidge CA. Polymeric micelles with anti-virulence activity against Candida albicans in a single- and dual-species biofilm. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 11:1586-1597. [PMID: 33713317 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-00943-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Infections caused by fungal biofilms with rapidly evolving resistance against the available antifungal agents are difficult to manage. These difficulties demand new strategies for effective eradication of biofilms from both biological and inert surfaces. In this study, polymeric micelles comprised of di-block polymer, poly-(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate and poly 2-(N,N-diethylamino) ethyl methacrylate polymer, P(PEGMA-b-DEAEMA), were observed to exhibit remarkable inhibitory effects on hyphal growth of Candida albicans (C. albicans) and C. tropicalis, thus preventing biofilm formation and removing existing biofilms. P(PEGMA-b-DEAEMA) micelles showed biofilm removal efficacy of > 40% and a 1.4-log reduction in cell viability of C. albicans in its single-species biofilms. In addition, micelles alone promoted high removal percentage in a mixed biofilm of C. albicans and C. tropicalis (~ 70%) and remarkably reduced cell viability of both strains. Co-delivery of fluconazole (Flu) and amphotericin B (AmB) with micelles showed synergistic effects on C. albicans biofilms (3-log reduction for AmB and 2.2-log reduction for Flu). Similar effects were noted on C. albicans planktonic cells when treated with the micellar system combined with AmB but not with Flu. Moreover, micelle-drug combinations showed an enhancement in the antibiofilm activity of Flu and AmB against dual-species biofilms. Furthermore, in vivo studies using Caenorhabditis elegans nematodes revealed no obvious toxicity of the micelles. Targeting morphologic transitions provides a new strategy for defeating fungal biofilms of polymorphic resistance strains and can be potentially used in counteracting Candida virulence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yassamin N Albayaty
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Woodville South, Woodville, SA, 5011, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Parkville, Australia
| | - Nicky Thomas
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
- Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Woodville South, Woodville, SA, 5011, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Parkville, Australia
| | - Paulina D Ramírez-García
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Parkville, Australia
- Drug Delivery Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Pde, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Thomas P Davis
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Parkville, Australia
- Drug Delivery Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Pde, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - John F Quinn
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Parkville, Australia
- Drug Delivery Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Pde, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Michael R Whittaker
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Parkville, Australia
- Drug Delivery Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Pde, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Clive A Prestidge
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Parkville, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Liu X, Hou Y, Zhang Y, Zhang W. Thermoresponsive Polymers of Poly(2-( N-alkylacrylamide)ethyl acetate)s. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2464. [PMID: 33114303 PMCID: PMC7690893 DOI: 10.3390/polym12112464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermoresponsive poly(2-(N-alkylacrylamide) ethyl acetate)s with different N-alkyl groups, including poly(2-(N-methylacrylamide) ethyl acetate) (PNMAAEA), poly(2-(N-ethylacrylamide) ethyl acetate) (PNEAAEA), and poly(2-(N-propylacrylamide) ethyl acetate) (PNPAAEA), as well as poly(N-acetoxylethylacrylamide) (PNAEAA), were synthesized by solution RAFT polymerization. Unexpectedly, it was found that there are induction periods in the RAFT polymerization of these monomers, and the induction time correlates with the length of the N-alkyl groups in the monomers and follows the order of NAEAA < NMAAEA < NEAAEA < NPAAEA. The solubility of poly(2-(N-alkylacrylamide) ethyl acetate)s in water is also firmly dependent on the length of the N-alkyl groups. PNPAAEA including the largest N-propyl group is insoluble in water, whereas PNMAAEA and PNEAAEA are thermoresponsive in water and undergo the reversible soluble-to-insoluble transition at a critical solution temperature. The cloud point temperature (Tcp) of the thermoresponsive polymers is in the order of PNEAAEA < PNAEAA < PNMAAEA. The parameters affecting the Tcp of thermoresponsive polymers, e.g., degree of polymerization (DP), polymer concentration, salt, urea, and phenol, are investigated. Thermoresponsive PNMAAEA-b-PNEAAEA block copolymer and PNMAAEA-co-PNEAAEA random copolymers with different PNMAAEA and/or PNEAAEA fractions are synthesized, and their thermoresponse is checked.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Liu
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China;
| | - Yuwen Hou
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China;
| | - Yimin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China;
| | - Wangqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China;
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lotocki V, Kakkar A. Miktoarm Star Polymers: Branched Architectures in Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E827. [PMID: 32872618 PMCID: PMC7559275 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12090827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Delivering active pharmaceutical agents to disease sites using soft polymeric nanoparticles continues to be a topical area of research. It is becoming increasingly evident that the composition of amphiphilic macromolecules plays a significant role in developing efficient nanoformulations. Branched architectures with asymmetric polymeric arms emanating from a central core junction have provided a pivotal venue to tailor their key parameters. The build-up of miktoarm stars offers vast polymer arm tunability, aiding in the development of macromolecules with adjustable properties, and allows facile inclusion of endogenous stimulus-responsive entities. Miktoarm star-based micelles have been demonstrated to exhibit denser coronae, very low critical micelle concentrations, high drug loading contents, and sustained drug release profiles. With significant advances in chemical methodologies, synthetic articulation of miktoarm polymer architecture, and determination of their structure-property relationships, are now becoming streamlined. This is helping advance their implementation into formulating efficient therapeutic interventions. This review brings into focus the important discoveries in the syntheses of miktoarm stars of varied compositions, their aqueous self-assembly, and contributions their formulations are making in advancing the field of drug delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashok Kakkar
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada;
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Feng YH, Zhang XP, Zhao ZQ, Guo XD. Dissipative Particle Dynamics Aided Design of Drug Delivery Systems: A Review. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:1778-1799. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Hao Feng
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P.R. China
- Key Lab of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules (Beijing University of Chemical Technology), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiao Peng Zhang
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P.R. China
- Key Lab of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules (Beijing University of Chemical Technology), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ze Qiang Zhao
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P.R. China
- Key Lab of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules (Beijing University of Chemical Technology), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xin Dong Guo
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P.R. China
- Key Lab of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules (Beijing University of Chemical Technology), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100029, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chiu HI, Ayub AD, Mat Yusuf SNA, Yahaya N, Abd Kadir E, Lim V. Docetaxel-Loaded Disulfide Cross-Linked Nanoparticles Derived from Thiolated Sodium Alginate for Colon Cancer Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E38. [PMID: 31906511 PMCID: PMC7023491 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, fluorescein-labelled wheat germ agglutinin (fWGA)-conjugated disulfide cross-linked sodium alginate nanoparticles were developed to specifically target docetaxel (DTX) to colon cancer cells. Different amounts of 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) were covalently attached to sodium alginate to form thiolated sodium alginate (MPA1-5). These polymers were then self-assembled and air-oxidised to form disulfide cross-linked nanoparticles (MP1-5) under sonication. DTX was successfully loaded into the resulting MP1-5 to form DTX-loaded nanoparticles (DMP1-5). DMP2 had the highest loading efficiency (17.8%), thus was chosen for fWGA surface conjugation to form fWGA-conjugated nanoparticles (fDMP2) with a conjugation efficiency of 14.1%. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses showed spherical nanoparticles, and an in vitro drug release study recorded a cumulative drug release of 48.6%. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis revealed a mean diameter (MD) of 289 nm with a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.3 and a zeta potential of -2.2 mV for fDMP2. HT-29 human colon cancer cells treated with fDMP2 showed lower viability than that of L929 mouse fibroblast cells. These results indicate that fDMP2 was efficiently taken up by HT-29 cells (29.9%). Fluorescence and confocal imaging analyses also showed possible internalisation of nanoparticles by HT-29 cells. In conclusion, fDMP2 shows promise as a DTX carrier for colon cancer drug delivery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hock Ing Chiu
- Integrative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, 13200 Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia; (H.I.C.); (A.D.A.); (S.N.A.M.Y.); (N.Y.); (E.A.K.)
| | - Asila Dinie Ayub
- Integrative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, 13200 Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia; (H.I.C.); (A.D.A.); (S.N.A.M.Y.); (N.Y.); (E.A.K.)
| | - Siti Nur Aishah Mat Yusuf
- Integrative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, 13200 Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia; (H.I.C.); (A.D.A.); (S.N.A.M.Y.); (N.Y.); (E.A.K.)
- Department of Chemical Engineering Technology, Faculty of Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, UniCITI Alam Campus, 02100 Padang Besar, Perlis 02600, Malaysia
| | - Noorfatimah Yahaya
- Integrative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, 13200 Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia; (H.I.C.); (A.D.A.); (S.N.A.M.Y.); (N.Y.); (E.A.K.)
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Erazuliana Abd Kadir
- Integrative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, 13200 Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia; (H.I.C.); (A.D.A.); (S.N.A.M.Y.); (N.Y.); (E.A.K.)
| | - Vuanghao Lim
- Integrative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, 13200 Kepala Batas, Penang, Malaysia; (H.I.C.); (A.D.A.); (S.N.A.M.Y.); (N.Y.); (E.A.K.)
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, St Lucia 4072, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yuan X, Peng S, Lin W, Wang J, Zhang L. Multistage pH-responsive mesoporous silica nanohybrids with charge reversal and intracellular release for efficient anticancer drug delivery. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 555:82-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.07.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
13
|
Lin W, Huang K, Li Y, Qin Y, Xiong D, Ling J, Yi G, Tang Z, Lin J, Huang Y, Yang C, Wang J. Facile In Situ Preparation and In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of PDMAEMA-Based Silver-Bearing Copolymer Micelles. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2019; 14:256. [PMID: 31352529 PMCID: PMC6661048 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-019-3074-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Well-defined polymer micelles with core-shell structure are good delivery platform for stabilizing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in the field of antimicrobials targeting diseases. The rational construction of the polymer structure, an efficient, facile, and green preparation approach, and comprehensive exploration of the derived AgNPs are necessary, such as size, particle stability, antibacterial activity, and other properties. Herein, we designed and assessed the in vitro antimicrobial activity of AgNPs-decorated copolymer micelles with different copolymer topologies. First, linear or four-arm star triblock copolymers with the similar molecular weight and degree of polymerization were obtained, which consisted of DMAEMA for in situ reduction of silver ions to form AgNPs without external reducing agent. HEMA and PEGMA in micellar shell gave an enhanced stability of AgNPs during blood circulation. The combination of computational modeling and experimental results indicated that both types of micelles could fabricate AgNPs with monodisperse and spherical morphology. Star copolymer micelles stabilized AgNPs had smaller average size, better stability, and higher antibacterial activity than those with linear structure, which may due to higher stability of micelles from star copolymers. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity evaluation test showed that the achieved linear or star copolymers micelles stabilized AgNPs had good biocompatibility. This work provides a facile and universal approach in the rational design of micelles stabilized AgNPs with suitable topology for fighting against a wide range of bacterial infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Lin
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaihang Huang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanzhe Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanlin Qin
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Xiong
- School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, China
| | - Jiabao Ling
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Guobin Yi
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Zilun Tang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinglian Lin
- School of Bioscience & Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunwei Huang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Chufen Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jufang Wang
- School of Bioscience & Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wang Q, Lei D, Chen F, Chen Y, Luo X. Tracing Difference: In Vitro and in Vivo Antitumor Property Comparison of pH-Sensitive Biomimetic Phosphorylcholine Micelles with Insensitive Micelles. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:2258-2270. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
15
|
Wu W, Yi P, Zhang J, Cheng Y, Li Z, Hao X, Chen Q. 4/6-Herto-arm and 4/6-mikto-arm star-shaped block polymeric drug-loaded micelles and their pH-responsive controlled release properties: a dissipative particle dynamics simulation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:15222-15232. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp02411e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Star-shaped polymers have received significant attention and have been widely developed for prospective applications in drug delivery owing to their topological structure and unique physiochemical characteristics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wensheng Wu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering
- Zhaoqing University
- Zhaoqing
- China
| | - Peng Yi
- Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering
- Kunming University of Science & Technology
- Kunming
- China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Lab of Soil Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control in Soils
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Yingchao Cheng
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering
- Zhaoqing University
- Zhaoqing
- China
| | - Zhiwei Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering
- Zhaoqing University
- Zhaoqing
- China
| | - Xiangying Hao
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering
- Zhaoqing University
- Zhaoqing
- China
| | - Quan Chen
- Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering
- Kunming University of Science & Technology
- Kunming
- China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Lab of Soil Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control in Soils
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Aghajanzadeh M, Zamani M, Rostamizadeh K, Sharafi A, Danafar H. The role of miktoarm star copolymers in drug delivery systems. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2018.1483200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mozhgan Aghajanzadeh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mostafa Zamani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Kobra Rostamizadeh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
- Zanjan Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Ali Sharafi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Hossein Danafar
- Zanjan Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wang M, Zhang X, Peng H, Zhang M, Zhang X, Liu Z, Ma L, Wei H. Optimization of Amphiphilic Miktoarm Star Copolymers for Anticancer Drug Delivery. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:2903-2910. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b00678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Xiaolong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Han Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Mingkui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Xianshuo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Liwei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| | - Hua Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Chemistry and Resources Utilization of Gansu Province, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Wu D, Honciuc A. Contrasting Mechanisms of Spontaneous Adsorption at Liquid-Liquid Interfaces of Nanoparticles Constituted of and Grafted with pH-Responsive Polymers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2018; 34:6170-6182. [PMID: 29730929 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b00877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Elucidating the mechanisms responsible for spontaneous adsorption of nanoparticles (NPs) at interfaces is important for their application as emulsifiers, bubble stabilizers, or foaming agents. In order to investigate the key factors that control the spontaneous adsorption of NPs at liquid-liquid interfaces, we synthesized seven different types of NPs from pH-responsive polymers poly(2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PDEAEMA) and poly(2-dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA) via surfactant-free emulsion polymerization or via "grafting from" polystyrene (PS) NPs. The dynamic interfacial tension (IFT) measurements at the toluene-water (Tol-H2O) interface reveal that when PDEAEMA and PDMAEMA are grafted from the surface of PS NPs the solubility of the grafted pH-responsive polymers in toluene is the key factor determining the NPs' interfacial adsorption. Under acidic conditions (pH < 6.0), PDEAEMA and PDMAEMA are protonated and show no solubility in toluene, and as a result, the grafted NPs do not adsorb at the Tol-H2O interface. Oppositely, under basic conditions (pH > 7.0), PDMAEMA dissolves in toluene and therefore the PDMAEMA-grafted NPs can adsorb at the Tol-H2O interface. Interestingly, when NPs are constituted of PDEAEMA, they can adsorb spontaneously at the Tol-H2O interface under acidic conditions (pH < 6.0) but not under basic conditions (pH > 7.0). In this case, the key factor determining the NPs' spontaneous adsorption at the Tol-H2O interface is the degree of softness of the NPs rather than the solubility of PDEAEMA in toluene. Furthermore, we found that the adsorption of NPs constituted of PDEAEMA- (pH 2.0-6.0) and PDMAEMA-grafted PS NPs (pH 7.0-10.0) at the Tol-H2O interface is a combination of diffusion-controlled and energy-barrier-controlled. The opposite trends observed for the interfacial attachment Δ E and activation energies Ea for the "constituted of" and "grafted from" NPs with pH suggest an opposite mechanisms of adsorption at the Tol-H2O interface. Finally, the synthesized NPs prove to be effective emulsifiers, where the phase of the Pickering emulsions can be changed dynamically by pH adjustment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dalin Wu
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology , Zurich University of Applied Sciences , Einsiedlerstrasse 31 , 8820 Waedenswil , Switzerland
| | - Andrei Honciuc
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology , Zurich University of Applied Sciences , Einsiedlerstrasse 31 , 8820 Waedenswil , Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Xiong D, Zhang X, Peng S, Gu H, Zhang L. Smart pH-sensitive micelles based on redox degradable polymers as DOX/GNPs carriers for controlled drug release and CT imaging. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 163:29-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
20
|
Wang K, Qi M, Guo C, Yu Y, Wang B, Fang L, Liu M, Wang Z, Fan X, Chen D. Novel Dual Mitochondrial and CD44 Receptor Targeting Nanoparticles for Redox Stimuli-Triggered Release. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2018; 13:32. [PMID: 29396830 PMCID: PMC5796929 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-018-2445-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In this work, novel mitochondrial and CD44 receptor dual-targeting redox-sensitive multifunctional nanoparticles (micelles) based on oligomeric hyaluronic acid (oHA) were proposed. The amphiphilic nanocarrier was prepared by (5-carboxypentyl)triphenylphosphonium bromide (TPP), oligomeric hyaluronic acid (oHA), disulfide bond, and curcumin (Cur), named as TPP-oHA-S-S-Cur. The TPP targeted the mitochondria, the antitumor drug Cur served as a hydrophobic core, the CD44 receptor targeting oHA worked as a hydrophilic shell, and the disulfide bond acted as a connecting arm. The chemical structure of TPP-oHA-S-S-Cur was characterized by 1HNMR technology. Cur was loaded into the TPP-oHA-S-S-Cur micelles by self-assembly. Some properties, including the preparation of micelles, morphology, redox sensitivity, and mitochondrial targeting, were studied. The results showed that TPP-oHA-S-S-Cur micelles had a mean diameter of 122.4 ± 23.4 nm, zeta potential - 26.55 ± 4.99 mV. In vitro release study and cellular uptake test showed that TPP-oHA-S-S-Cur micelles had redox sensibility, dual targeting to mitochondrial and CD44 receptor. This work provided a promising smart multifunctional nanocarrier platform to enhance the solubility, decrease the side effects, and improve the therapeutic efficacy of anticancer drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaili Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Mengjiao Qi
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Chunjing Guo
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Yueming Yu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Bingjie Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Lei Fang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Mengna Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Xinxin Fan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Daquan Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Lin W, Zhang X, Qian L, Yao N, Pan Y, Zhang L. Doxorubicin-Loaded Unimolecular Micelle-Stabilized Gold Nanoparticles as a Theranostic Nanoplatform for Tumor-Targeted Chemotherapy and Computed Tomography Imaging. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:3869-3880. [PMID: 29032674 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b00810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Current research is mainly trending toward addressing the development of multifunctional nanocarriers that could precisely reach disease sites, release drugs in a controlled-manner, and act as an imaging agent for both diagnosis and targeted therapy. In this study, a pH-sensitive theranostic nanoplatform as a promising dual-functional nanovector for tumor therapy and computed tomography (CT) imaging was developed. The 21-arm star-like triblock polymer of β-cyclodextrin-{poly(ε-caprolactone)-poly(2-aminoethyl methacrylate)-poly[poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate]}21 [β-CD-(PCL-PAEMA-PPEGMA)21] with stable unimolecular micelles formed in aqueous solution was first synthesized by combined ROP with ARGET ATRP techniques and then was used as a template for fabricating gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with uniform sizes and excellent colloidal stability in situ followed by the encapsulation of doxorubicin (DOX) with maximum entrapment efficiency up to 60% to generate the final product β-CD-(PCL-PAEMA-PPEGMA)21/AuNPs/DOX. Furthermore, dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulations revealed further details of the formation process of unimolecular micelles and the morphologies and distributions of AuNPs and DOX. Almost 80% of DOX was released in 120 h in an acidic tumoral environment in an in vitro drug release experiment, and the experiments both in vitro and in vivo demonstrated the fact that β-CD-(PCL-PAEMA-PPEGMA)21/AuNPs/DOX exhibited similar antitumor efficacy to free DOX and effective CT imaging performance. Therefore, we believe this structurally stable unimolecular micelle-based nanoplatform synergistically integrated with anticancer drug delivery and CT imaging capabilities hold great promise for future cancer theranostics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China.,School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology , Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Long Qian
- Department of Biology and Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University , New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Na Yao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Ya Pan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology , Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Xiong D, Zhang R, Luo W, Gu H, Peng S, Zhang L. Hydrazone cross-linked micelles based on redox degradable block copolymer for enhanced stability and controlled drug release. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
23
|
Lin W, Yao N, Qian L, Zhang X, Chen Q, Wang J, Zhang L. pH-responsive unimolecular micelle-gold nanoparticles-drug nanohybrid system for cancer theranostics. Acta Biomater 2017; 58:455-465. [PMID: 28583900 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The development of an in situ formed pH-responsive theranostic nanocomposite for anticancer drug delivery and computed tomography (CT) imaging was reported. β-cyclodextrin-{poly(lactide)-poly(2-(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate)-poly[oligo(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline)methacrylate]}21 [β-CD-(PLA-PDMAEMA-PEtOxMA)21] unimolecular micelles served as a template for the in situ formation of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) and the subsequent encapsulation of doxorubicin (DOX). The formation of unimolecular micelles, microstructures and the distributions of GNPs and DOX were investigated through the combination of experiments and dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulations. β-CD-(PLA-PDMAEMA-PEtOxMA)21 formed spherical unimolecular micelles in aqueous solution within a certain range of polymer concentrations. GNPs preferentially distributed in the PDMAEMA area. The maximum wavelength (λmax) and the size of GNPs increased with increasing concentration of HAuCl4. DOX preferentially distributed in the PDMAEMA mesosphere, but penetrated the inner PLA core with increasing DOX concentration. DOX-loaded micelles with 41-61% entrapment efficiency showed fast release (88% after 102h) under acidic tumor conditions. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments revealed superior anticancer efficacy and effective CT imaging properties for β-CD-(PLA-PDMAEMA-PEtOxMA)21/Au/DOX. We conclude that the reported unimolecular micelles represent a class of versatile smart nanocarriers for theranostic application. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Developing polymeric nanoplatforms as integrated theranostic vehicles for improving cancer diagnostics and therapy is an emerging field of much importance. This article aims to develop an in situ formed pH-responsive theranostic nanocomposite for anticancer drug delivery and computed tomography (CT) imaging. Specific emphases is on structure-properties relationship. There is a sea of literature on polymeric drug nanocarriers, and a couple of polymer-stabilized gold nanoparticles (GNPs) systems for cancer diagnosis are also known. However, to our knowledge, there has been no report on polymeric unimolecular micelles capable of dual loading of GNPs without external reducing agents and anticancer drugs for cancer diagnosis and treatment. To this end, the target of the current work was to develop an in situ formed nanocarrier, which actively dual wrapped CT contrast agent GNPs and hydrophobic anticancer drug doxorubicin (DOX), achieving high CT imaging and antitumor efficacy under in vitro and in vivo acid tumor condition. Meanwhile, by taking advantage of dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) simulation, we further obtained the formation process and mechanism of unimolecular micelles, and detailed distributions and microstructures of GNPs and DOX on unimolecular micelles. Taken together, our results here provide insight and guidance for the design of more effective nanocarriers for cancer theranostic application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Na Yao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Long Qian
- Department of Biology and Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, NY 10003, USA
| | - Xiaofang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Quan Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Jufang Wang
- School of Bioscience & Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China.
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Li Y, Leng M, Cai M, Huang L, Chen Y, Luo X. pH responsive micelles based on copolymers mPEG-PCL-PDEA: The relationship between composition and properties. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 154:397-407. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
25
|
Xiong D, Yao N, Gu H, Wang J, Zhang L. Stimuli-responsive shell cross-linked micelles from amphiphilic four-arm star copolymers as potential nanocarriers for “pH/redox-triggered” anticancer drug release. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
26
|
Well-defined star polymers for co-delivery of plasmid DNA and imiquimod to dendritic cells. Acta Biomater 2017; 48:378-389. [PMID: 27989922 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2016] [Revised: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Co-delivery of antigen-encoding plasmid DNA (pDNA) and immune-modulatory molecules has importance in advancing gene-based immunotherapy and vaccines. Here novel star polymer nanocarriers were synthesized for co-delivery of pDNA and imiquimod (IMQ), a poorly soluble small-molecule adjuvant, to dendritic cells. Computational modeling and experimental results revealed that the polymers formed either multimolecular or unimolecular core-shell-type micelles in water, depending on the nature of the outer hydrophilic shell. Micelles loaded with both IMQ and pDNA were able to release IMQ in response to intracellular pH of the endo-lysosome and transfect mouse dendritic cells (DC2.4 line) in vitro. Importantly, IMQ-loaded micelle/pDNA complexes displayed much enhanced transfection efficiency than IMQ-free complexes. These results demonstrate the feasibility of co-delivery of pDNA and IMQ to antigen-presenting cells by multifunctional polymer nanocarriers with potential use in gene-based vaccine approaches.
Collapse
|
27
|
Yang C, Xiao J, Xiao W, Lin W, Chen J, Chen Q, Zhang L, Zhang C, Guo J. Fabrication of PDEAEMA-based pH-responsive mixed micelles for application in controlled doxorubicin release. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra04358a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Co-micellization of MPEG–PDEAEMA and MPEG–PCL was carried out to enhance the drug loading content and realize pH-responsive release.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chufen Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry
- Guangdong University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510006
- PR China
| | - Jiayu Xiao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry
- Guangdong University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510006
- PR China
| | - Weifeng Xiao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry
- Guangdong University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510006
- PR China
| | - Wenjing Lin
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry
- Guangdong University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510006
- PR China
| | - Jingrui Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry
- Guangdong University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510006
- PR China
| | - Quan Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- PR China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- PR China
| | - Canyang Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- College of Pharmacy
- Washington State University
- Spokane
- USA
| | - Jianwei Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry
- Guangdong University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510006
- PR China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Miktoarm star copolymers from D-(−)-salicin core aggregated into dandelion-like structures as anticancer drug delivery systems: synthesis, self-assembly and drug release. Int J Pharm 2016; 515:515-526. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
29
|
Lin W, Yao N, Li H, Hanson S, Han W, Wang C, Zhang L. Co-Delivery of Imiquimod and Plasmid DNA via an Amphiphilic pH-Responsive Star Polymer that Forms Unimolecular Micelles in Water. Polymers (Basel) 2016; 8:E397. [PMID: 30974677 PMCID: PMC6431966 DOI: 10.3390/polym8110397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Dual functional unimolecular micelles based on a pH-responsive amphiphilic star polymer β-CD-(PLA-b-PDMAEMA-b-PEtOxMA)21 have been developed for the co-delivery of imiquimod and plasmid DNA to dendritic cells. The star polymer with well-defined triblock arms was synthesized by combining activator regenerated by electron-transfer atom-transfer radical polymerization with ring-opening polymerization. Dissipative particle dynamics simulation showed that core-mesophere-shell-type unimolecular micelles could be formed. Imiquimod-loaded micelles had a drug loading of 1.6 wt % and a larger average size (28 nm) than blank micelles (19 nm). The release of imiquimod in vitro was accelerated at the mildly acidic endolysosomal pH (5.0) in comparison to physiologic pH (7.4). Compared with blank micelles, a higher N:P ratio was required for imiquimod-loaded micelles to fully condense DNA into micelleplexes averaging 200⁻400 nm in size. In comparison to blank micelleplexes, imiquimod-loaded micelleplexes of the same N:P ratio displayed similar or slightly higher efficiency of gene transfection in a mouse dendritic cell line (DC2.4) without cytotoxicity. These results suggest that such pH-responsive unimolecular micelles formed by the well-defined amphiphilic star polymer may serve as promising nano-scale carriers for combined delivery of hydrophobic immunostimulatory drugs (such as imiquimod) and plasmid DNA with potential application in gene-based immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Na Yao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Hongru Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Samuel Hanson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Wenqing Han
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Chun Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Salvage JP, Smith T, Lu T, Sanghera A, Standen G, Tang Y, Lewis AL. Synthesis, characterisation, and in vitro cellular uptake kinetics of nanoprecipitated poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine)-b-poly(2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (MPC-DPA) polymeric nanoparticle micelles for nanomedicine applications. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-016-0520-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
31
|
Sharma A, Kakkar A. Designing Dendrimer and Miktoarm Polymer Based Multi-Tasking Nanocarriers for Efficient Medical Therapy. Molecules 2015; 20:16987-7015. [PMID: 26393546 PMCID: PMC6332070 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200916987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
To address current complex health problems, there has been an increasing demand for smart nanocarriers that could perform multiple complimentary biological tasks with high efficacy. This has provoked the design of tailor made nanocarriers, and the scientific community has made tremendous effort in meeting daunting challenges associated with synthetically articulating multiple functions into a single scaffold. Branched and hyper-branched macromolecular architectures have offered opportunities in enabling carriers with capabilities including location, delivery, imaging etc. Development of simple and versatile synthetic methodologies for these nanomaterials has been the key in diversifying macromolecule based medical therapy and treatment. This review highlights the advancement from conventional "only one function" to multifunctional nanomedicine. It is achieved by synthetic elaboration of multivalent platforms in miktoarm polymers and dendrimers by physical encapsulation, covalent linking and combinations thereof.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada.
| | - Ashok Kakkar
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Du H, Liu M, Yang X, Zhai G. The role of glycyrrhetinic acid modification on preparation and evaluation of quercetin-loaded chitosan-based self-aggregates. J Colloid Interface Sci 2015; 460:87-96. [PMID: 26319324 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2015.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Quercetin (QC), a type of plant-based chemical, has been reported to own anticancer activity in vivo. However, the poor water solubility limits its pharmaceutical application. In this study, two kinds of QC-loaded self-aggregates based on O-carboxymethyl chitosan-cholic acid conjugates (CMCA) were developed to improve the drug bioavailability in which glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) modification was utilized in the nanocarrier fabrication (QC-GA-CMCA) or not (QC-CMCA). These self-aggregates were prepared by a modified ultrasound-dialysis method and the role of GA modification on the evaluation of QC-loaded self-aggregates was investigated. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) images revealed the formation of spherical particles of both self-aggregates. Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) analysis and UV-VIS spectroscopy showed that the QC-GA-CMCA had smaller size, narrower size distribution, higher drug loading and entrapment efficiency than corresponding QC-CMCA aggregates. QC-GA-CMCA showed more obvious sensitivity to acidic pH condition based on the zeta potential measurements at various pHs, and fastest drug release was observed at pH 5.7 for QC-CMCA while at pH 6.5 for QC-GA-CMCA. In addition, QC-GA-CMCA demonstrated enhanced cell cytotoxicity and higher cell apoptosis rate in vitro, and also higher AUC value and a prolonged residence time of drug in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Du
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Mengrui Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Xiaoye Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Guangxi Zhai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Wu W, Zhang C, Lin W, Chen Q, Guo X, Qian Y, Zhang L. Quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) modeling of drug-loaded polymeric micelles via genetic function approximation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119575. [PMID: 25780923 PMCID: PMC4364361 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-assembled nano-micelles of amphiphilic polymers represent a novel anticancer drug delivery system. However, their full clinical utilization remains challenging because the quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) between the polymer structure and the efficacy of micelles as a drug carrier is poorly understood. Here, we developed a series of QSPR models to account for the drug loading capacity of polymeric micelles using the genetic function approximation (GFA) algorithm. These models were further evaluated by internal and external validation and a Y-randomization test in terms of stability and generalization, yielding an optimization model that is applicable to an expanded materials regime. As confirmed by experimental data, the relationship between microstructure and drug loading capacity can be well-simulated, suggesting that our models are readily applicable to the quantitative evaluation of the drug-loading capacity of polymeric micelles. Our work may offer a pathway to the design of formulation experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wensheng Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, P. R. China
| | - Canyang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Wenjing Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Quan Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xindong Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yu Qian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zhang J, Liu J, Zhao Y, Wang G, Zhou F. Plasma and cellular pharmacokinetic considerations for the development and optimization of antitumor block copolymer micelles. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2014; 12:263-81. [PMID: 25217414 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2014.945417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Clinical application of anticancer drugs is often limited by poor pharmacokinetic profile. The biocompatible and/or biodegradable block copolymer micelles (BCMs) can improve the pharmacokinetic behavior of drugs, thus enhancing antitumor effect. However, there are still many problems that needed to be solved before there is a wide clinical application of BCMs. AREAS COVERED Micelles have been quickly developed recently to deliver hydrophobic antitumor drugs specifically. However, the final therapeutic effect of BCMs is often challenged by many factors in vivo from both plasma and cellular pharmacokinetic view: i) inefficient transport from administration site to tumor tissue; ii) poor penetration into tumor mass; iii) inadequate accumulation in tumor cell; and iv) insufficient intracellular/subcellular release in cells. This review emphasized on the newest methods and solutions based on the main challenges of BCMs application in vivo, and the new problems caused by these methods are also discussed. EXPERT OPINION Different strategies and designs of BCMs can help solve problems in each key step respectively. However, overemphasis on one aspect will result in problems on others. Therefore, a comprehensive consideration is urgently needed to integrate the advantages of each strategy and overcome the disadvantages. Only with thorough understanding and scientific assessments, the desired BCMs are expected to be applied in clinical treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Zhang
- China Pharmaceutical University, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Key Lab of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics , 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009 , PR China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|