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Rezaeeyan H, Arabfard M, Rasouli HR, Shahriary A, Gh BFNM. Evaluation of common protein biomarkers involved in the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases with proteomic methods: A systematic review. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e1090. [PMID: 38018577 PMCID: PMC10659759 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Respiratory disease (RD) is one of the most common diseases characterized by lung dysfunction. Many diagnostic mechanisms have been used to identify the pathogenic agents of responsible for RD. Among these, proteomics emerges as a valuable diagnostic method for pinpointing the specific proteins involved in RD pathogenesis. Therefore, in this study, for the first time, we examined the protein markers involved in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), asthma, bronchiolitis obliterans (BO), and chemical warfare victims exposed to mustard gas, using the proteomics method as a systematic study. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic search was performed up to September 2023 on several databases, including PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and Cochrane. In total, selected 4246 articles were for evaluation according to the criteria. Finally, 119 studies were selected for this systematic review. RESULTS A total of 13,806 proteins were identified, 6471 in COPD, 1603 in Asthma, 5638 in IPF, three in BO, and 91 in mustard gas exposed victims. Alterations in the expression of these proteins were observed in the respective diseases. After evaluation, the results showed that 31 proteins were found to be shared among all five diseases. CONCLUSION Although these 31 proteins regulate different factors and molecular pathways in all five diseases, they ultimately lead to the regulation of inflammatory pathways. In other words, the expression of some proteins in COPD and mustard-exposed patients increases inflammatory reactions, while in IPF, they cause lung fibrosis. Asthma, causes allergic reactions due to T-cell differentiation toward Th2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Rezaeeyan
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings InstituteBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion MedicineIranian Blood Transfusion Organization (IBTO)TehranIran
| | - Masoud Arabfard
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings InstituteBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Hamid R. Rasouli
- Trauma Research CenterBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Alireza Shahriary
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings InstituteBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - B. Fatemeh Nobakht M. Gh
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings InstituteBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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Parvin S, Arabfard M, Ghazvini A, Ghanei M, Najafi A. Comparative proteomic analysis of mustard lung as a complicated disease using systems biology approach. BMC Pulm Med 2022; 22:437. [PMID: 36419000 PMCID: PMC9686120 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-022-02240-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
During Iraq-Iran conflict, chemical weapons, particularly SM gas, were used numerous times, whose aftereffects are still present. This study aimed to compare serum proteome in the chronic ML (n = 10) and HC (n = 10). TMT label-based quantitative proteomics was used to examine serums from two groups. Among total significant proteins, 14 proteins were upregulated (log2 ≥ FC 0.5, p 0.05), and 6 proteins were downregulated (log2 ≤ FC - 0.5, p 0.05). By helping PPI network, and EA, 11 main pathways connected to significantly different protein expression levels were discovered, including inflammatory and cell adhesion signaling pathways. It may be deduced that the wounded organs of exposed individuals experience poor repair cycles of cell degeneration and regeneration because certain repair signals were elevated while other structural and adhesion molecules were downregulated. The systems biology approach can help enhance our basic knowledge of biological processes, and contribute to a deeper understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms, as well as the identification of potential biomarkers of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahram Parvin
- grid.420169.80000 0000 9562 2611Education Office, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Arabfard
- grid.411521.20000 0000 9975 294XChemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Ghazvini
- grid.411521.20000 0000 9975 294XChemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Ghanei
- grid.411521.20000 0000 9975 294XChemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Najafi
- grid.411521.20000 0000 9975 294XMolecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Jamshidi V, Nobakht M Gh BF, Parvin S, Bagheri H, Ghanei M, Shahriary A, Davoudi SM, Arabfard M. Proteomics analysis of chronic skin injuries caused by mustard gas. BMC Med Genomics 2022; 15:175. [PMID: 35933451 PMCID: PMC9357330 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-022-01328-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfur mustard (SM) is an alkylating and forming chemical that was widely used by Iraqi forces during the Iran–Iraq wars. One of the target organs of SM is the skin. Understanding the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of SM may help better identify complications and find appropriate treatments. The current study collected ten SM-exposed patients with long-term skin complications and ten healthy individuals. Proteomics experiments were performed using the high-efficiency TMT10X method to evaluate the skin protein profile, and statistical bioinformatics methods were used to identify the differentially expressed proteins. One hundred twenty-nine proteins had different expressions between the two groups. Of these 129 proteins, 94 proteins had increased expression in veterans' skins, while the remaining 35 had decreased expression. The hub genes included RPS15, ACTN1, FLNA, HP, SDHC, and RPL29, and three modules were extracted from the PPI network analysis. Skin SM exposure can lead to oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Jamshidi
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - B Fatemeh Nobakht M Gh
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahram Parvin
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Education Office, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hasan Bagheri
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Ghanei
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Shahriary
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyyed Masoud Davoudi
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Arabfard
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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4
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Plasma/serum proteomics: depletion strategies for reducing high-abundance proteins for biomarker discovery. Bioanalysis 2019; 11:1799-1812. [PMID: 31617391 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2019-0145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma and serum are widely used for proteomics-based biomarker discovery. However, analysis of these biofluids is highly challenging due to the complexity and wide dynamic range of their proteomes. Notably, highly abundant proteins tend to obscure the detection of potential biomarkers that are usually of lower concentrations. Among the strategies to resolve this problem are: depletion of high-abundance proteins, enrichment of low abundant proteins of interest and prefractionation. In this review, we focus on current and emerging depletion techniques used to enhance the detection and identification of the less abundant proteins in plasma and serum. We discuss the applications and contributions of these methods to proteomics analysis of plasma and serum alongside their limitations and future perspectives.
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Borna H, Hosseini Qale Noe SH, Harchegani AB, Talatappe NR, Ghatrehsamani M, Ghanei M, Shahriary A. A review on proteomics analysis to reveal biological pathways and predictive proteins in sulfur mustard exposed patients: roles of inflammation and oxidative stress. Inhal Toxicol 2019; 31:3-11. [DOI: 10.1080/08958378.2018.1558316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hojat Borna
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Hojjat Hosseini Qale Noe
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asghar Beigi Harchegani
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rahmani Talatappe
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Ghatrehsamani
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mostafa Ghanei
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Shahriary
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Chaubey K, Alam SI, Waghmare CK, Singh L, Srivastava N, Bhattacharya BK. Differential proteome analysis of rat plasma after diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP) intoxication, a surrogate of nerve agent sarin. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 298:66-71. [PMID: 30389396 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP), a surrogate of nerve agent sarin, is an organophosphorus (OP) compound which inhibits neuronal enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Exposure of this compound leads to a wide range of toxic symptoms and survivors may exhibit long term neurotoxicity related to cognitive and memory defects. Due to ease of availability and similar mechanism of action to other highly toxic nerve agent, DFP is widely used as model compound to trace changes associated with nerve agent exposures. Proximal fluids are widely used for the elucidation of biomarkers for exposure to toxic substances and to study the mechanism of toxicity. Using a rat model of OP intoxication, the present study was carried out to elucidate proteomic changes in plasma associated with DFP intoxication. Rats were exposed to a single dose (0.5 LD50) of DFP and their plasma proteome was studied, one day post exposure by two dimensional gel electrophoresis - mass spectrometry (2DE-MS). Some of the milestone changes were validated by Western blot analysis. A total 15 proteins showed significant fold changes in expression with respect to control after 1 day of DFP intoxication. Most of the proteins showing changes in expression at initial stages were related to immunogenic function, acute phase response, blood coagulation, and stress response. Experiments reported here demonstrate that 0.5 LD50 DFP intoxication leads to AChE inhibition, modulation of immunogenic function, and generation of stress at an early stage. Although, some proteins and their putative functional ramifications indicated similarity with those observed in our previous plasma proteome study, neurodegenerative changes were not observed in plasma of 0.5 LD50 DFP treated animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyani Chaubey
- Defence Research & Development Establishment (DRDE), Jhansi Road, Gwalior, MP, 474002, India
| | - Syed Imteyaz Alam
- Defence Research & Development Establishment (DRDE), Jhansi Road, Gwalior, MP, 474002, India.
| | - Chandra Kant Waghmare
- Defence Research & Development Establishment (DRDE), Jhansi Road, Gwalior, MP, 474002, India
| | - Lokendra Singh
- Defence Research & Development Establishment (DRDE), Jhansi Road, Gwalior, MP, 474002, India
| | - Nalini Srivastava
- School of Studies in Biochemistry, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, MP, 474002, India
| | - Bijoy K Bhattacharya
- Defence Research & Development Establishment (DRDE), Jhansi Road, Gwalior, MP, 474002, India.
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Panahi Y, Abdolghaffari AH, Sahebkar A. A review on symptoms, treatments protocols, and proteomic profile in sulfur mustard‐exposed victims. J Cell Biochem 2017; 119:197-206. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunes Panahi
- Chemical Injuries Research CentreBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Amir H. Abdolghaffari
- Medicinal Plants Research CenterInstitute of Medicinal Plants, ACECRKarajIran
- Gastrointestinal Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG)Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN)TehranIran
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8
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Shahriary A, Rahmani H. Need to study of systemic markers changes in acute phase of respiratory complication due to sulfur mustard. TOXIN REV 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2016.1272123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Shahriary
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Chemical Injuries Research Center and
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran and
| | - Hossein Rahmani
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Liu Z, Fan S, Liu H, Yu J, Qiao R, Zhou M, Yang Y, Zhou J, Xie P. Enhanced Detection of Low-Abundance Human Plasma Proteins by Integrating Polyethylene Glycol Fractionation and Immunoaffinity Depletion. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166306. [PMID: 27832179 PMCID: PMC5104378 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The enormous depth complexity of the human plasma proteome poses a significant challenge for current mass spectrometry-based proteomic technologies in terms of detecting low-level proteins in plasma, which is essential for successful biomarker discovery efforts. Typically, a single-step analytical approach cannot reduce this intrinsic complexity. Current simplex immunodepletion techniques offer limited capacity for detecting low-abundance proteins, and integrated strategies are thus desirable. In this respect, we developed an improved strategy for analyzing the human plasma proteome by integrating polyethylene glycol (PEG) fractionation with immunoaffinity depletion. PEG fractionation of plasma proteins is simple, rapid, efficient, and compatible with a downstream immunodepletion step. Compared with immunodepletion alone, our integrated strategy substantially improved the proteome coverage afforded by PEG fractionation. Coupling this new protocol with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, 135 proteins with reported normal concentrations below 100 ng/mL were confidently identified as common low-abundance proteins. A side-by-side comparison indicated that our integrated strategy was increased by average 43.0% in the identification rate of low-abundance proteins, relying on an average 65.8% increase of the corresponding unique peptides. Further investigation demonstrated that this combined strategy could effectively alleviate the signal-suppressive effects of the major high-abundance proteins by affinity depletion, especially with moderate-abundance proteins after incorporating PEG fractionation, thereby greatly enhancing the detection of low-abundance proteins. In sum, the newly developed strategy of incorporating PEG fractionation to immunodepletion methods can potentially aid in the discovery of plasma biomarkers of therapeutic and clinical interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Songhua Fan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Haipeng Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Jia Yu
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Rui Qiao
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Mi Zhou
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongtao Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail: (JZ); (PX)
| | - Peng Xie
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China
- Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail: (JZ); (PX)
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Chaubey K, Rao MK, Alam SI, Waghmare C, Bhattacharya BK. Increased expression of immune modulator proteins and decreased expression of apolipoprotein A-1 and haptoglobin in blood plasma of sarin exposed rats. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 246:36-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Khazdair MR, Boskabady MH, Ghorani V. Respiratory effects of sulfur mustard exposure, similarities and differences with asthma and COPD. Inhal Toxicol 2015; 27:731-44. [PMID: 26635274 DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2015.1114056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Previous research has found relationships between sulfur mustard (SM) toxicity and its adverse effects. OBJECTIVE SM is highly toxic to the respiratory system, leading to hacking cough, rhinorrheachest tightness, acute pharyngitis and laryngitis, chronic bronchitis and lung fibrosis. In this review, based on the scientific literature, we provide an updated summary of information on SM exposures and their differences with asthma and COPD. METHOD Information of this review was obtained by searching Medline/PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Google Scholar, ISI Web of Knowledge and Chemical Abstracts. RESULTS SM exposure can decrease pulmonary function tests (PFTs) values. In addition, inflammatory cell accumulation in the respiratory tract and increased expression of some pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), IL-1a, IL-1β, and reactive oxygen radicals due to SM exposure have been shown. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) which degrade extracellular matrix proteins, contributing to inflammatory cell recruitment, tissue injury and fibrosis are also up-regulated in the lung after SM exposure. In the lung, SM exposure also can cause serious pathological changes including airway inflammation, parenchymal tissue destruction and airway obstruction which can lead to asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Following SM poisoning, DNA damage, apoptosis and autophagy are observed in the lung along with the increased expression of activated caspases and DNA repair enzymes. CONCLUSION In the present article, respiratory symptoms, changes in PFTs, lung pathology and lung inflammation due to SM exposure and the similarities and differences between them and those observed in asthma and COPD were reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Khazdair
- a Pharmaceutical Research Center and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine .,b Student Research Committee , and
| | - Mohammad Hossein Boskabady
- c Neurogenic Inflammation Research Centre and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences , Mashhad , Iran
| | - Vahideh Ghorani
- a Pharmaceutical Research Center and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine
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Imani S, Panahi Y, Salimian J, Fu J, Ghanei M. Epigenetic: A missing paradigm in cellular and molecular pathways of sulfur mustard lung: a prospective and comparative study. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2015; 18:723-36. [PMID: 26557960 PMCID: PMC4633454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sulfur mustard (SM, bis- (2-chloroethyl) sulphide) is a chemical warfare agent that causes DNA alkylation, protein modification and membrane damage. SM can trigger several molecular pathways involved in inflammation and oxidative stress, which cause cell necrosis and apoptosis, and loss of cells integrity and function. Epigenetic regulation of gene expression is a growing research topic and is addressed by DNA methylation, histone modification, chromatin remodeling, and noncoding RNAs expression. It seems SM can induce the epigenetic modifications that are translated into change in gene expression. Classification of epigenetic modifications long after exposure to SM would clarify its mechanism and paves a better strategy for the treatment of SM-affected patients. In this study, we review the key aberrant epigenetic modifications that have important roles in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and compared with mustard lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saber Imani
- Systems Biology Institute, Chemical Injuries Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yunes Panahi
- Systems Biology Institute, Chemical Injuries Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding author: Yunes Panahi. Systems Biology Institute, Chemical Injuries Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Molla-Sadra Ave., Vanak Sq., Tehran, Iran. Tel: +98-21-88211524; Fax: +98-21-88211524;
| | - Jafar Salimian
- Systems Biology Institute, Chemical Injuries Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Junjiang Fu
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, the Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Sichuan Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Mostafa Ghanei
- Systems Biology Institute, Chemical Injuries Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Comparative proteomic study reveals the molecular aspects of delayed ocular symptoms induced by sulfur mustard. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PROTEOMICS 2015; 2015:659241. [PMID: 25685557 PMCID: PMC4320800 DOI: 10.1155/2015/659241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective. Sulfur mustard (SM) is a highly reactive alkylating agent which produces ocular, respiratory, and skin damages. Eyes are the most sensitive organ to SM due to high intrinsic metabolic and rapid turnover rate of corneal epithelium and aqueous-mucous interfaces of the cornea and conjunctiva. Here we investigate underlying molecular mechanism of SM exposure delayed effects which is still a controversial issue after about 30 years. Materials and Methods. Following ethical approval, we have analyzed serum proteome of ten severe SM exposed male patients with delayed eye symptoms with two-dimensional electrophoresis followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight/time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The western blotting was used to confirm the proteins that have been identified. Results. We have identified thirteen proteins including albumin, haptoglobin, and keratin isoforms as well as immunoglobulin kappa chain which showed upregulation while transferrin and alpha 1 antitrypsin revealed downregulation in these patients in comparison with healthy control group. Conclusions. Our results elevated participation of free iron circulatory imbalance and local matrix-metalloproteinase activity in development of delayed ocular symptoms induced by SM. It demonstrates that SM induced systemic toxicity leads to some serum protein changes that continually and gradually exacerbate the ocular surface injuries.
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Shahriary A, Mehrani H, Ghanei M, Parvin S. Comparative proteome analysis of peripheral neutrophils from sulfur mustard-exposed and COPD patients. J Immunotoxicol 2014; 12:132-9. [DOI: 10.3109/1547691x.2014.914110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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Najafi A, Masoudi-Nejad A, Imani Fooladi AA, Ghanei M, Nourani MR. Microarray gene expression analysis of the human airway in patients exposed to sulfur mustard. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2014; 34:283-9. [PMID: 24823320 DOI: 10.3109/10799893.2014.896379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There is much data about the acute effects of sulfur mustard gas on humans, animals and cells. But less is known regarding the molecular basics of chronic complications in humans. Basically, mustard gas, as an alkylating agent, causes several chronic problems in the eyes, skin and more importantly in the pulmonary system which is the main cause of death. Although recent proteomic research has been carried out on bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and serum, but high-throughput transcriptomics have not yet been applied to chronic airway remodeling. This is the first cDNA-microarray report on the chronic human mustard lung disease, 25 years after exposure during the Iran-Iraq war. Microarray transcriptional profiling indicated that a total of 122 genes were significantly dysregulated in tissues located in the airway of patients. These genes are associated with the extracellular matrix components, apoptosis, stress response, inflammation and mucus secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Najafi
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Systems Biology Institute, Genomics Division, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
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16
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Amiri M, Jafari M, Azimzadeh Jamalkandi S, Davoodi SM. Atopic dermatitis-associated protein interaction network lead to new insights in chronic sulfur mustard skin lesion mechanisms. Expert Rev Proteomics 2014; 10:449-60. [PMID: 24117202 DOI: 10.1586/14789450.2013.841548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Chronic sulfur mustard skin lesions (CSMSLs) are the most common complications of sulfur mustard exposure; however, its mechanism is not completely understood.According to clinical signs, there are similarities between CSMSL and atopic dermatitis (AD). In this study, proteomic results of AD were reviewed and the AD-associated protein-protein interaction network (PIN) was analyzed. According to centrality measurements, 16 proteins were designated as pivotal elements in AD mechanisms. Interestingly, most of these proteins had been reported in some sulfur mustard-related studies in late and acute phases separately. Based on the gene enrichment analysis, aging, cell response to stress, cancer, Toll- and NOD-like receptor and apoptosis signaling pathways have the greatest impact on the disease. By the analysis of directed protein interaction networks, it is concluded that TNF, IL-6, AKT1, NOS3 and CDKN1A are the most important proteins. It is possible that these proteins play role in the shared complications of AD and CSMSL including xerosis and itching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Amiri
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,P.O. 1949613711, Iran
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Poursaleh Z, Harandi AA, Vahedi E, Ghanei M. Treatment for sulfur mustard lung injuries; new therapeutic approaches from acute to chronic phase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 20:27. [PMID: 23351279 PMCID: PMC3555747 DOI: 10.1186/2008-2231-20-27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2012] [Accepted: 05/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Objective Sulfur mustard (SM) is one of the major potent chemical warfare and attractive weapons for terrorists. It has caused deaths to hundreds of thousands of victims in World War I and more recently during the Iran-Iraq war (1980–1988). It has ability to develop severe acute and chronic damage to the respiratory tract, eyes and skin. Understanding the acute and chronic biologic consequences of SM exposure may be quite essential for developing efficient prophylactic/therapeutic measures. One of the systems majorly affected by SM is the respiratory tract that numerous clinical studies have detailed processes of injury, diagnosis and treatments of lung. The low mortality rate has been contributed to high prevalence of victims and high lifetime morbidity burden. However, there are no curative modalities available in such patients. In this review, we collected and discussed the related articles on the preventive and therapeutic approaches to SM-induced respiratory injury and summarized what is currently known about the management and therapeutic strategies of acute and long-term consequences of SM lung injuries. Method This review was done by reviewing all papers found by searching following key words sulfur mustard; lung; chronic; acute; COPD; treatment. Results Mustard lung has an ongoing pathological process and is active disorder even years after exposure to SM. Different drug classes have been studied, nevertheless there are no curative modalities for mustard lung. Conclusion Complementary studies on one hand regarding pharmacokinetic of drugs and molecular investigations are mandatory to obtain more effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Poursaleh
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of medical sciences, Mollasadra Street, 19945-546, Tehran, Iran.
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