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Böhmer MN, Hamers PCM, Bindels PJE, Oppewal A, van Someren EJW, Festen DAM. Are we still in the dark? A systematic review on personal daily light exposure, sleep-wake rhythm, and mood in healthy adults from the general population. Sleep Health 2021; 7:610-630. [PMID: 34420891 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2021.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Insufficient light exposure is assumed to be related to a wide array of health problems, though few studies focus on the role of whole-day light exposure in the habitual setting in the development of these health problems. The current review aims to describe the association between personal light exposure in the habitual setting and sleep-wake rhythm and mood in healthy adults from the general population. Five databases (Embase, Medline Epub, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and Google Scholar) were searched in June 2019. The inclusion criteria included: assessment directly of light exposure on the participants for at least one full day; reporting on both individual personal light exposure and outcomes. The quality of the papers was assessed using the Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies of the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. The current review followed the PRISMA guidelines. In total, 8140 papers were identified in the database search. Twenty-five papers were eventually included in this review. All included studies were cross-sectional, and individual light exposure was usually measured with a wrist-worn device. Five studies received a "good" quality rating, 16 received a "fair" rating, and the remaining 4 a "poor" quality rating. The overall quality of the included studies was considered low because of the lack of intervention studies and the fact that light exposure was measured on the wrist. Given the low quality of the included studies, the current review can only provide a first exploration on the association between light exposure and sleep-wake rhythm and mood in healthy adults from the general population. Limited evidence is presented for a positive relationship between the amount and timing of light exposure on the one hand and rest-activity rhythm and some estimates of sleep architecture on the other. The evidence on an association between light exposure and circadian phase, sleep estimates, sleep quality, and mood is conflicting. Data from intervention studies are needed to gain insight into the causal mechanism of the relationship between light exposure and sleep-wake rhythm and mood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mylène N Böhmer
- Department of General Practice, Intellectual Disability Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Middin, Healthcare Organization for People With Intellectual Disabilities, Rijswijk, the Netherlands.
| | - Pauline C M Hamers
- Department of General Practice, Intellectual Disability Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Amarant, Healthcare Organization for People With Intellectual Disabilities, Tilburg, the Netherlands
| | - Patrick J E Bindels
- Department of General Practice, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alyt Oppewal
- Department of General Practice, Intellectual Disability Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eus J W van Someren
- Department of Sleep and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Centre for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, and GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dederieke A M Festen
- Department of General Practice, Intellectual Disability Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Ipse de Bruggen, Healthcare Organization for People With Intellectual Disabilities, Zoetermeer, the Netherlands
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Ma XP, Shen MY, Shen GL, Qi QR, Sun XH. Melatonin concentrations in serum of primary glaucoma patients. Int J Ophthalmol 2018; 11:1337-1341. [PMID: 30140638 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2018.08.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To determine whether glaucoma patients exhibit an abnormal melatonin concentration in serum and the effects of psychiatric disorders caused by glaucoma in melatonin secretion. METHODS A sample of 80 primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) patients, 120 primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) patients, and 120 normal controls were enrolled in this study. All the participants were asked to complete the following questionnaires: Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), and self-rating depression scale (SDS). Variance analysis was used to compare the subscores between the groups. After that, we chose 58 patients with primary glaucoma and 20 non-glaucoma control patients to collect their serum samples at 7-10 a.m. Serum melatonin levels were measured using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS Of all participants, the scores of PSQI, SAS, and SDS in PACG and POAG group were 9.38±0.40, 46.08±8.99, 51.11±10.72 and 7.43±0.35, 45.42±9.87, 49.04±12.24 respectively, significantly higher than those in control group (4.16±0.28, 35.49±9.18, 40.31±13.08). The serum melatonin levels in PACG (37.29±2.99 pg/mL) and POAG (35.97±3.64 pg/mL) were significantly higher than the controls (29.96±3.94 pg/mL) (P<0.001). But no difference was found between the PACG and POAG (P=0.216). Glaucoma patients with sleep disorders, anxiety and depression were more likely resulting in the increase of melatonin levels. CONCLUSION There is a significant increase in serum melatonin levels in glaucoma patients compared to the controls especially in glaucoma patients with psychiatric disorders such as sleep disorders, anxiety and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ping Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Man-Yi Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guang-Lin Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qiao-Ran Qi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xing-Huai Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & Ent Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
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te Lindert BHW, Itzhacki J, van der Meijden WP, Kringelbach ML, Mendoza J, Van Someren EJW. Bright environmental light ameliorates deficient subjective ‘liking’ in insomnia: an experience sampling study. Sleep 2018; 41:4841627. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsy022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bart H W te Lindert
- Department of Sleep and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jacob Itzhacki
- Department of Sleep and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences CNRS-UPR3212, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Wisse P van der Meijden
- Department of Sleep and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences CNRS-UPR3212, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Center for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerl
| | - Morten L Kringelbach
- Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Center for Music in the Brain (MIB), Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Jorge Mendoza
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences CNRS-UPR3212, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Eus J W Van Someren
- Department of Sleep and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Departments of Integrative Neurophysiology and Psychiatry, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University and Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Age-related desynchronosis in primary open-angle glaucoma patients: cause or consequence? Correction possibilities. OPHTHALMOLOGY JOURNAL 2016. [DOI: 10.17816/ov9431-42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose of this investigation was to study the circadian biologic rhythm dysregulation of intraocular pressure (IOP), blood pressure (BP), and heart rate (HR) in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients of different age groups. Objectives: to reveal the desynchronosis pattern of biologic rhythm parameters in POAG patients, to study the influence of peptide bioregulatory complex on the synchronization of chosen parameters, to investigate correction possibilities from the perspective of the optic nerve tolerance enhancement, ischemia decrease and ocular perfusion improvement.Materials and methods. At the first stage, we performed a representative selection of patients with BP, HR and IOP dysregulation among POAG patients and subjects without glaucoma of corresponding age (n = 330). For mathematic justification of the desynchronosis identification, we used cosinor-analysis of circadian changes of functional indices. At the second stage, we performed a randomized study with parallel comparison groups masked for the investigator estimating the results. Patients with revealed desynchronosis (n = 56) were randomly divided into two groups for comparison. The main group consisted of 27 patients who, in addition to systemic and local pressure-lowering therapy, received 1 tablet of epifamin (Longvi-Farm, Russia) 3 times a day for 30 days; сortexin (Geropharm, Russia) 10 mg daily for 10 days; retinalamin (Geropharm, Russia) 5 mg daily as peribulbar injections for 10 days. 29 control group patients received traditional treatment (vitamins, spasmolytics, antioxydants) together with local and systemic pressure-lowering therapy. In compared groups, we calculated the tolerant pressure level, investigated the dynamics of retinal sensitivity mean deviation (MD), registrated the oscillatory potentials (OP) with the OP index calculation.Results. In elderly patients with glaucoma, significant changes of the temporal order of physiological parameters were found (deviation of IOP daily rhythm curves, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and hemodynamic indices).Conclusion. Through hemodynamic, nootropic, neurotrophic effects of the investigated bioregulatory peptide complex, the optic nerve tolerance to the stress influence of IOP, SBP and DBP asynchronous fluctuations increased, and ocular perfusion enhanced.
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Hébert JR, Braun KL, Kaholokula JK, Armstead CA, Burch JB, Thompson B. Considering the Role of Stress in Populations of High-Risk, Underserved Community Networks Program Centers. Prog Community Health Partnersh 2015. [PMID: 26213406 DOI: 10.1353/cpr.2015.0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer disparities are associated with a broad range of sociocultural determinants of health that operate in community contexts. High-risk populations may be more vulnerable to social and environmental factors that lead to chronic stress. Theoretical and empirical research indicates that exposure to contextual and sociocultural stress alters biological systems, thereby influencing cancer risk, progression, and, ultimately, mortality. OBJECTIVE We sought to describe contextual pathways through which stress likely increases cancer risk in high-risk, underserved populations. METHODS This review presents a description of the link between contextual stressors and disease risk disparities within underserved communities, with a focus on 1) stress as a proximal link between biological processes, such as cytokine responses, inflammation, and cancer and 2) stress as a distal link to cancer through biobehavioral risk factors such as poor diet, physical inactivity, circadian rhythm or sleep disruption, and substance abuse. These concepts are illustrated through application to populations served by three National Cancer Institute-funded Community Networks Program Centers (CNPCs): African Americans in the Deep South (the South Carolina Cancer Disparities Community Network [SCCDCN]), Native Hawaiians ('Imi Hale-Native Hawaiian Cancer Network), and Latinos in the Lower Yakima Valley of Washington State (The Center for Hispanic Health Promotion: Reducing Cancer Disparities). CONCLUSIONS Stress experienced by the underserved communities represented in the CNPCs is marked by social, biological, and behavioral pathways that increase cancer risk. A case is presented to increase research on sociocultural determinants of health, stress, and cancer risk among racial/ethnic minorities in underserved communities.
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Jiang C, Zhang L, Zou C, Long X, Liu X, Zheng H, Liao W, Diao Y. Diurnal microstructural variations in healthy adult brain revealed by diffusion tensor imaging. PLoS One 2014; 9:e84822. [PMID: 24400118 PMCID: PMC3882241 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Biorhythm is a fundamental property of human physiology. Changes in the extracellular space induced by cell swelling in response to the neural activity enable the in vivo characterization of cerebral microstructure by measuring the water diffusivity using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). To study the diurnal microstructural alterations of human brain, fifteen right-handed healthy adult subjects were recruited for DTI studies in two repeated sessions (8∶30 AM and 8∶30 PM) within a 24-hour interval. Fractional anisotropy (FA), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), axial (λ//) and radial diffusivity (λ⊥) were compared pixel by pixel between the sessions for each subject. Significant increased morning measurements in FA, ADC, λ// and λ⊥ were seen in a wide range of brain areas involving frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital lobes. Prominent evening dominant λ⊥ (18.58%) was detected in the right inferior temporal and ventral fusiform gyri. AM-PM variation of λ⊥ was substantially left side hemisphere dominant (p<0.05), while no hemispheric preference was observed for the same analysis for ADC (p = 0.77), λ// (p = 0.08) or FA (p = 0.25). The percentage change of ADC, λ//, λ⊥, and FA were 1.59%, 2.15%, 1.20% and 2.84%, respectively, for brain areas without diurnal diffusivity contrast. Microstructural variations may function as the substrates of the phasic neural activities in correspondence to the environment adaptation in a light-dark cycle. This research provided a baseline for researches in neuroscience, sleep medicine, psychological and psychiatric disorders, and necessitates that diurnal effect should be taken into account in following up studies using diffusion tensor quantities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiang Jiang
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Chao Zou
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaojing Long
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hairong Zheng
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weiqi Liao
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanjun Diao
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
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Agorastos A, Huber CG. The role of melatonin in glaucoma: implications concerning pathophysiological relevance and therapeutic potential. J Pineal Res 2011; 50:1-7. [PMID: 21073517 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2010.00816.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Glaucoma is a frequent ophthalmologic condition leading to chronic progressive optic neuropathy, which can result in visual impairment and blindness. In addition, glaucoma is associated with a dysregulation of circadian rhythms, as well as with a high incidence of sleep disorders, depression, and anxiety. However, because of their high comorbidity in older age, these conditions have not received much scientific attention and are often undertreated. In the current paper, we review the available literature on the role of melatonergic mechanisms in glaucoma, regulation of circadian rhythms, and depression. The literature is presented as a narrative review, providing an overview on the most important and clinically relevant publications. Recently, there has been evidence for a progressive loss of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGC) because of oxidative stress in glaucoma. As ipRGC are responsible for the photic transduction to the circadian system and subsequent melatonin secretion, and melatonin is involved in the pathophysiology of circadian desynchronization, sleep disorder, and depression, an impairment of photo-dependent melatonergic signaling may be a common pathway connecting glaucoma with these comorbidities. This fact, as well as the proven retinal neuroprotective role of melatonin, suggests that melatonergic drugs provide a potentially promising treatment strategy supplementing the management of intraocular pressure by pharmacological and surgical measures. Additionally, multidisciplinary treatment focusing on depression and normalization of circadian rhythms might be beneficial for glaucoma patients. Furthermore, glaucoma might be a useful model for studying the pathophysiological interactions between the melatonergic, circadian, and mood systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agorastos Agorastos
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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UV index forecasts and measurements of health-effective radiation. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2011; 102:55-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2010.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2010] [Revised: 09/02/2010] [Accepted: 09/07/2010] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Grundy A, Sanchez M, Richardson H, Tranmer J, Borugian M, Graham CH, Aronson KJ. LIGHT INTENSITY EXPOSURE, SLEEP DURATION, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, AND BIOMARKERS OF MELATONIN AMONG ROTATING SHIFT NURSES. Chronobiol Int 2009; 26:1443-61. [DOI: 10.3109/07420520903399987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Jean-Louis G, Zizi F, Lazzaro DR, Wolintz AH. Circadian rhythm dysfunction in glaucoma: A hypothesis. J Circadian Rhythms 2008; 6:1. [PMID: 18186932 PMCID: PMC2249578 DOI: 10.1186/1740-3391-6-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2007] [Accepted: 01/10/2008] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The absence of circadian zeitgebers in the social environment causes circadian misalignment, which is often associated with sleep disturbances. Circadian misalignment, defined as a mismatch between the sleep-wake cycle and the timing of the circadian system, can occur either because of inadequate exposure to the light-dark cycle, the most important synchronizer of the circadian system, or reduction in light transmission resulting from ophthalmic diseases (e.g., senile miosis, cataract, diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, retinitis pigmentosa, and glaucoma). We propose that glaucoma may be the primary ocular disease that directly compromises photic input to the circadian time-keeping system because of inherent ganglion cell death. Glaucomatous damage to the ganglion cell layer might be particularly harmful to melanopsin. According to histologic and circadian data, a subset of intrinsically photoresponsive retinal ganglion cells, expressing melanopsin and cryptochromes, entrain the endogenous circadian system via transduction of photic input to the thalamus, projecting either to the suprachiasmatic nucleus or the lateral geniculate nucleus. Glaucoma provides a unique opportunity to explore whether in fact light transmission to the circadian system is compromised as a result of ganglion cell loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Girardin Jean-Louis
- Department of Ophthalmology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, New York, USA
- Sleep Disorders Center, Department of Neurology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, New York, USA
- Brooklyn Research Foundation on Minority Health, Kingsbrook Jewish Medical Center, New York, USA
- Brooklyn Center for Health Disparities, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Ferdinand Zizi
- Department of Ophthalmology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, New York, USA
- Sleep Disorders Center, Department of Neurology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, New York, USA
- Brooklyn Research Foundation on Minority Health, Kingsbrook Jewish Medical Center, New York, USA
- Brooklyn Center for Health Disparities, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Douglas R Lazzaro
- Department of Ophthalmology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Arthur H Wolintz
- Department of Ophthalmology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, New York, USA
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Grivas TB, Savvidou OD. Melatonin the "light of night" in human biology and adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. SCOLIOSIS 2007; 2:6. [PMID: 17408483 PMCID: PMC1855314 DOI: 10.1186/1748-7161-2-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2007] [Accepted: 04/04/2007] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin "the light of night" is secreted from the pineal gland principally at night. The hormone is involved in sleep regulation, as well as in a number of other cyclical bodily activities and circadian rhythm in humans. Melatonin is exclusively involved in signalling the 'time of day' and 'time of year' (hence considered to help both clock and calendar functions) to all tissues and is thus considered to be the body's chronological pacemaker or 'Zeitgeber'. The last decades melatonin has been used as a therapeutic chemical in a large spectrum of diseases, mainly in sleep disturbances and tumours and may play a role in the biologic regulation of mood, affective disorders, cardiovascular system, reproduction and aging. There are few papers regarding melatonin and its role in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Melatonin may play a role in the pathogenesis of scoliosis (neuroendocrine hypothesis) but at present, the data available cannot clearly support this hypothesis. Uncertainties and doubts still surround the role of melatonin in human physiology and pathophysiology and future research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodoros B Grivas
- Orthopaedic Department, "Thriasio" General Hospital, G. Gennimata Avenue, Magula, 19600 Greece
| | - Olga D Savvidou
- Orthopaedic Department, "Thriasio" General Hospital, G. Gennimata Avenue, Magula, 19600 Greece
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Figueiro MG, Rea MS, Bullough JD. Does architectural lighting contribute to breast cancer? J Carcinog 2006; 5:20. [PMID: 16901343 PMCID: PMC1557490 DOI: 10.1186/1477-3163-5-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2006] [Accepted: 08/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives There is a growing interest in the role that light plays on nocturnal melatonin production and, perhaps thereby, the incidence of breast cancer in modern societies. The direct causal relationships in this logical chain have not, however, been fully established and the weakest link is an inability to quantitatively specify architectural lighting as a stimulus for the circadian system. The purpose of the present paper is to draw attention to this weakness. Data Sources and Extraction We reviewed the literature on the relationship between melatonin, light at night, and cancer risk in humans and tumor growth in animals. More specifically, we focused on the impact of light on nocturnal melatonin suppression in humans and on the applicability of these data to women in real-life situations. Photometric measurement data from the lighted environment of women at work and at home is also reported. Data Synthesis The literature review and measurement data demonstrate that more quantitative knowledge is needed about circadian light exposures actually experienced by women and girls in modern societies. Conclusion Without such quantitative knowledge, limited insights can be gained about the causal relationship between melatonin and the etiology of breast cancer from epidemiological studies and from parametric studies using animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana G Figueiro
- Lighting Research Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 21 Union Street Troy, NY 12180 USA
| | - Mark S Rea
- Lighting Research Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 21 Union Street Troy, NY 12180 USA
| | - John D Bullough
- Lighting Research Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 21 Union Street Troy, NY 12180 USA
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