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Rondón JJ, Pisarenco VA, Ramón Pardos-Blas J, Sánchez-Gracia A, Zardoya R, Rozas J. Comparative genomic analysis of chemosensory-related gene families in gastropods. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2024; 192:107986. [PMID: 38142794 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2023.107986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Chemoreception is critical for the survival and reproduction of animals. Except for a reduced group of insects and chelicerates, the molecular identity of chemosensory proteins is poorly understood in invertebrates. Gastropoda is the extant mollusk class with the greatest species richness, including marine, freshwater, and terrestrial lineages, and likely, highly diverse chemoreception systems. Here, we performed a comprehensive comparative genome analysis taking advantage of the chromosome-level information of two Gastropoda species, one of which belongs to a lineage that underwent a whole genome duplication event. We identified thousands of previously uncharacterized chemosensory-related genes, the majority of them encoding G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR), mostly organized into clusters distributed across all chromosomes. We also detected gene families encoding degenerin epithelial sodium channels (DEG-ENaC), ionotropic receptors (IR), sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMP), Niemann-Pick type C2 (NPC2) proteins, and lipocalins, although with a lower number of members. Our phylogenetic analysis of the GPCR gene family across protostomes revealed: (i) remarkable gene family expansions in Gastropoda; (ii) clades including members from all protostomes; and (iii) species-specific clades with a substantial number of receptors. For the first time, we provide new and valuable knowledge into the evolution of the chemosensory gene families in invertebrates other than arthropods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnma José Rondón
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires (IIBBA-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires (IEGEBA-CONICET) Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Vadim A Pisarenco
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Ramón Pardos-Blas
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biologı́a Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Sánchez-Gracia
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Zardoya
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biologı́a Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Julio Rozas
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain.
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2
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Buchinger TJ, Li W. Chemical communication and its role in sexual selection across Animalia. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1178. [PMID: 37985853 PMCID: PMC10662023 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05572-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Sexual selection has been studied as a major evolutionary driver of animal diversity for roughly 50 years. Much evidence indicates that competition for mates favors elaborate signaling traits. However, this evidence comes primarily from a few taxa, leaving sexual selection as a salient evolutionary force across Animalia largely untested. Here, we reviewed the evidence for sexual selection on communication across all animal phyla, classes, and orders with emphasis on chemoreception, the only sense shared across lifeforms. An exhaustive literature review documented evidence for sexual selection on chemosensory traits in 10 of 34 animal phyla and indications of sexual selection on chemosensory traits in an additional 13 phyla. Potential targets of sexual selection include structures and processes involved in production, delivery, and detection of chemical signals. Our review suggests sexual selection plays a widespread role in the evolution of communication and highlights the need for research that better reflects animal diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J Buchinger
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
- Biology Department, Albion College, Albion, MI, USA.
| | - Weiming Li
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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Liu Z, Huang Y, Chen H, Liu C, Wang M, Bian C, Wang L, Song L. Chromosome-level genome assembly of the deep-sea snail Phymorhynchus buccinoides provides insights into the adaptation to the cold seep habitat. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:679. [PMID: 37950158 PMCID: PMC10638732 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09760-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The deep-sea snail Phymorhynchus buccinoides belongs to the genus Phymorhynchus (Neogastropoda: Raphitomidae), and it is a dominant specie in the cold seep habitat. As the environment of the cold seep is characterized by darkness, hypoxia and high concentrations of toxic substances such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S), exploration of the diverse fauna living around cold seeps will help to uncover the adaptive mechanisms to this unique habitat. In the present study, a chromosome-level genome of P. buccinoides was constructed and a series of genomic and transcriptomic analyses were conducted to explore its molecular adaptation mechanisms to the cold seep environments. RESULTS The assembled genome size of the P. buccinoides was approximately 2.1 Gb, which is larger than most of the reported snail genomes, possibly due to the high proportion of repetitive elements. About 92.0% of the assembled base pairs of contigs were anchored to 34 pseudo-chromosomes with a scaffold N50 size of 60.0 Mb. Compared with relative specie in the shallow water, the glutamate regulative and related genes were expanded in P. buccinoides, which contributes to the acclimation to hypoxia and coldness. Besides, the relatively high mRNA expression levels of the olfactory/chemosensory genes in osphradium indicate that P. buccinoides might have evolved a highly developed and sensitive olfactory organ for its orientation and predation. Moreover, the genome and transcriptome analyses demonstrate that P. buccinoides has evolved a sulfite-tolerance mechanism by performing H2S detoxification. Many genes involved in H2S detoxification were highly expressed in ctenidium and hepatopancreas, suggesting that these tissues might be critical for H2S detoxification and sulfite tolerance. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our report of this chromosome-level deep-sea snail genome provides a comprehensive genomic basis for the understanding of the adaptation strategy of P. buccinoides to the extreme environment at the deep-sea cold seeps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoqun Liu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
- Functional Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yuting Huang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Center of Deep Sea Research, and CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
- Functional Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Minxiao Wang
- Center of Deep Sea Research, and CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Chao Bian
- Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
| | - Lingling Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.
- Functional Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China.
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Linsheng Song
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.
- Functional Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, China.
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.
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Bu L, Lu L, Laidemitt MR, Zhang SM, Mutuku M, Mkoji G, Steinauer M, Loker ES. A genome sequence for Biomphalaria pfeifferi, the major vector snail for the human-infecting parasite Schistosoma mansoni. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011208. [PMID: 36961841 PMCID: PMC10075465 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biomphalaria pfeifferi is the world's most widely distributed and commonly implicated vector snail species for the causative agent of human intestinal schistosomiasis, Schistosoma mansoni. In efforts to control S. mansoni transmission, chemotherapy alone has proven insufficient. New approaches to snail control offer a way forward, and possible genetic manipulations of snail vectors will require new tools. Towards this end, we here offer a diverse set of genomic resources for the important African schistosome vector, B. pfeifferi. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Based largely on PacBio High-Fidelity long reads, we report a genome assembly size of 772 Mb for B. pfeifferi (Kenya), smaller in size than known genomes of other planorbid schistosome vectors. In a total of 505 scaffolds (N50 = 3.2Mb), 430 were assigned to 18 large linkage groups inferred to represent the 18 known chromosomes, based on whole genome comparisons with Biomphalaria glabrata. The annotated B. pfeifferi genome reveals a divergence time of 3.01 million years with B. glabrata, a South American species believed to be similar to the progenitors of B. pfeifferi which undertook a trans-Atlantic colonization < five million years ago. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The genome for this preferentially self-crossing species is less heterozygous than related species known to be preferential out-crossers; its smaller genome relative to congeners may similarly reflect its preference for selfing. Expansions of gene families with immune relevance are noted, including the FReD gene family which is far more similar in its composition to B. glabrata than to Bulinus truncatus, a vector for Schistosoma haematobium. Provision of this annotated genome will help better understand the dependencies of trematodes on snails, enable broader comparative insights regarding factors contributing to susceptibility/ resistance of snails to schistosome infections, and provide an invaluable resource with respect to identifying and manipulating snail genes as potential targets for more specific snail control programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijing Bu
- Department of Biology, Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, Parasite Division Museum of Southwestern Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Lijun Lu
- Department of Biology, Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, Parasite Division Museum of Southwestern Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Martina R Laidemitt
- Department of Biology, Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, Parasite Division Museum of Southwestern Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Si-Ming Zhang
- Department of Biology, Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, Parasite Division Museum of Southwestern Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Martin Mutuku
- Center for Biotechnology Research and Development, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Gerald Mkoji
- Center for Biotechnology Research and Development, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Michelle Steinauer
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific-Northwest, Western University of Health Sciences, Lebanon, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Eric S Loker
- Department of Biology, Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, Parasite Division Museum of Southwestern Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
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Gaudin-Zatylny C, Corre E, Zanuttini B, Endress M, Bernay B, Pontin J, Leduc A, Henry J. Identification of a New Set of Polypeptidic Sex Pheromones from Cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis). MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 24:574-587. [PMID: 35397049 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-022-10126-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The common English Channel cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) reproduces every year on very localized coastal spawning areas after a west-east horizontal migration of several tens of kilometers (80-200 km). The massive arrival of spawners on the coasts of west Cotentin and the Bay of Seine is suspected to be driven by the action of sex pheromones expressed and secreted by the genitals of sexually mature females. The present study aims to verify the existence of polypeptide pheromones, of a higher molecular weight than those described above. Their size could confer them a wider range of action than that of the previously identified peptide pheromones. The implementation of an experimental strategy combining transcriptomics and proteomics with functional tests and an in silico study led to the identification of a cocktail of pheromones with molecular weights ranging between 22 and 26 kDa. Proteomic analyses combined to functional tests revealed partial pheromone release in the environment, and their accumulation in the outer capsule of the egg, suggesting the eggs as pheromone diffusers, also able to induce stimulation by contact when the eggs are handled by females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Gaudin-Zatylny
- Laboratoire de Biologie Des Organismes Et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen-Normandie, MNHN, SU, UA, CNRS, IRD-207, 14 000, Caen, France
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, UMR 8067 BOREA, MNHN, SU, UA, CNRS, IRD-207, 14 000, Caen, France
| | - Erwan Corre
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, UMR 8067 BOREA, MNHN, SU, UA, CNRS, IRD-207, 14 000, Caen, France
| | - Bruno Zanuttini
- CNRS, Sorbonne Université, R242429680, ABiMS, Station Biologique, 29680, Roscoff, France
| | - Maxime Endress
- Laboratoire de Biologie Des Organismes Et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen-Normandie, MNHN, SU, UA, CNRS, IRD-207, 14 000, Caen, France
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, UMR 8067 BOREA, MNHN, SU, UA, CNRS, IRD-207, 14 000, Caen, France
| | - Benoît Bernay
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, ENSICAEN, CNRS, GREYC, 14 000, Caen, France
| | - Julien Pontin
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, ENSICAEN, CNRS, GREYC, 14 000, Caen, France
| | - Alexandre Leduc
- Laboratoire de Biologie Des Organismes Et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen-Normandie, MNHN, SU, UA, CNRS, IRD-207, 14 000, Caen, France
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, UMR 8067 BOREA, MNHN, SU, UA, CNRS, IRD-207, 14 000, Caen, France
| | - Joël Henry
- Laboratoire de Biologie Des Organismes Et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen-Normandie, MNHN, SU, UA, CNRS, IRD-207, 14 000, Caen, France.
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, UMR 8067 BOREA, MNHN, SU, UA, CNRS, IRD-207, 14 000, Caen, France.
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, ENSICAEN, CNRS, GREYC, 14 000, Caen, France.
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, SF ICORE 4206, US EMerode, Proteogen plateform, 14000, Caen, France.
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Young ND, Stroehlein AJ, Wang T, Korhonen PK, Mentink-Kane M, Stothard JR, Rollinson D, Gasser RB. Nuclear genome of Bulinus truncatus, an intermediate host of the carcinogenic human blood fluke Schistosoma haematobium. Nat Commun 2022; 13:977. [PMID: 35190553 PMCID: PMC8861042 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28634-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Some snails act as intermediate hosts (vectors) for parasitic flatworms (flukes) that cause neglected tropical diseases, such as schistosomiases. Schistosoma haematobium is a blood fluke that causes urogenital schistosomiasis and induces bladder cancer and increased risk of HIV infection. Understanding the molecular biology of the snail and its relationship with the parasite could guide development of an intervention approach that interrupts transmission. Here, we define the genome for a key intermediate host of S. haematobium—called Bulinus truncatus—and explore protein groups inferred to play an integral role in the snail’s biology and its relationship with the schistosome parasite. Bu. truncatus shared many orthologous protein groups with Biomphalaria glabrata—the key snail vector for S. mansoni which causes hepatointestinal schistosomiasis in people. Conspicuous were expansions in signalling and membrane trafficking proteins, peptidases and their inhibitors as well as gene families linked to immune response regulation, such as a large repertoire of lectin-like molecules. This work provides a sound basis for further studies of snail-parasite interactions in the search for targets to block schistosomiasis transmission. The snail Bulinus truncatus is an intermediate host of the carcinogenic human blood fluke Schistosoma haematobium. Here the authors report the genome of Bu. truncatus, explore protein groups inferred to play a role in its interaction with the schistosome parasite, and identify expansions in gene families linked to immune response regulation.
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7
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Zimmer RK, Ferrier GA, Zimmer CA. Chemosensory Exploitation and Predator-Prey Arms Races. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.752327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Thousands of armed predatory species, distributed widely across the metazoan tree-of-life, consume only hard-shell or exoskeleton-bearing organisms (called “durophagy”). Prey armor clearly has evolved in response to selection by predators, but there is little evidence of the contrary, counter-adaptation by predators. Evolved consumer responses to prey, in general, might be more readily expressed in ways other than morphological traits, including via sensory cues. Here, we explored the chemosensory basis for durophagy in a model predator-prey system, and identified intimate associations between durophagous predators and their shelled prey. Barnacles (Balanus glandula and Semibalanus cariosus) bear hard shells and secrete, respectively, a 199 or 201 kDa glycoprotein ortholog (named “MULTIFUNCin”), with expression limited to the body armor (epidermis, cuticle, and live shell). To test for effects of MULTIFUNCin on predators, we constructed faux prey to mimic meaningful physical and chemical characteristics of live barnacles. In separate experiments, each consumer species was presented MULTIFUNCin, purified from either B. glandula or S. cariosus, at a typical armor concentration. All six predatory species (sea star, Pisaster ochraceus; whelks, Acanthinucella spirata, Nucella emarginata, N. ostrina, N. canaliculata, and N. lamellosa) attacked and ate MULTIFUNCin-infused faux prey significantly more than controls. Akin to barnacles, secretion of glycoprotein-rich extracellular matrices is common among armored prey species—from marine sponges to terrestrial vertebrates. Our results, therefore, suggest that chemosensory exploitation of glycoproteins could be widespread, with notable consequences for life on land and in the sea.
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Rump MT, Kozma MT, Pawar SD, Derby CD. G protein-coupled receptors as candidates for modulation and activation of the chemical senses in decapod crustaceans. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252066. [PMID: 34086685 PMCID: PMC8177520 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have characterized class A GPCRs in crustaceans; however, their expression in crustacean chemosensory organs has yet to be detailed. Class A GPCRs comprise several subclasses mediating diverse functions. In this study, using sequence homology, we classified all putative class A GPCRs in two chemosensory organs (antennular lateral flagellum [LF] and walking leg dactyls) and brain of four species of decapod crustaceans (Caribbean spiny lobster Panulirus argus, American lobster Homarus americanus, red-swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii, and blue crab Callinectes sapidus). We identified 333 putative class A GPCRs– 83 from P. argus, 81 from H. americanus, 102 from P. clarkii, and 67 from C. sapidus–which belong to five distinct subclasses. The numbers of sequences for each subclass in the four decapod species are (in parentheses): opsins (19), small-molecule receptors including biogenic amine receptors (83), neuropeptide receptors (90), leucine-rich repeat-containing GPCRs (LGRs) (24), orphan receptors (117). Most class A GPCRs are predominately expressed in the brain; however, we identified multiple transcripts enriched in the LF and several in the dactyl. In total, we found 55 sequences with higher expression in the chemosensory organs relative to the brain across three decapod species. We also identified novel transcripts enriched in the LF including a metabotropic histamine receptor and numerous orphan receptors. Our work establishes expression patterns for class A GPCRs in the chemosensory organs of crustaceans, providing insight into molecular mechanisms mediating neurotransmission, neuromodulation, and possibly chemoreception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T. Rump
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Mihika T. Kozma
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Shrikant D. Pawar
- Yale Center for Genomic Analysis, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Charles D. Derby
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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9
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Klein AH, Motti CA, Hillberg AK, Ventura T, Thomas-Hall P, Armstrong T, Barker T, Whatmore P, Cummins SF. Development and Interrogation of a Transcriptomic Resource for the Giant Triton Snail (Charonia tritonis). MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 23:501-515. [PMID: 34191212 PMCID: PMC8270824 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-021-10042-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Gastropod molluscs are among the most abundant species that inhabit coral reef ecosystems. Many are specialist predators, along with the giant triton snail Charonia tritonis (Linnaeus, 1758) whose diet consists of Acanthaster planci (crown-of-thorns starfish), a corallivore known to consume enormous quantities of reef-building coral. C. tritonis are considered vulnerable due to overexploitation, and a decline in their populations is believed to have contributed to recurring A. planci population outbreaks. Aquaculture is considered one approach that could help restore natural populations of C. tritonis and mitigate coral loss; however, numerous questions remain unanswered regarding their life cycle, including the molecular factors that regulate their reproduction and development. In this study, we have established a reference C. tritonis transcriptome derived from developmental stages (embryo and veliger) and adult tissues. This was used to identify genes associated with cell signalling, such as neuropeptides and G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), involved in endocrine and olfactory signalling. A comparison of developmental stages showed that several neuropeptide precursors are exclusively expressed in post-hatch veligers and functional analysis found that FFamide stimulated a significant (20.3%) increase in larval heart rate. GPCRs unique to veligers, and a diversity of rhodopsin-like GPCRs located within adult cephalic tentacles, all represent candidate olfactory receptors. In addition, the cytochrome P450 superfamily, which participates in the biosynthesis and degradation of steroid hormones and lipids, was also found to be expanded with at least 91 genes annotated, mostly in gill tissue. These findings further progress our understanding of C. tritonis with possible application in developing aquaculture methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Klein
- Genecology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD, 4558, Australia
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD, 4558, Australia
| | - C A Motti
- Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS), Cape Ferguson, Townsville, QLD, 4810, Australia
| | - A K Hillberg
- Genecology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD, 4558, Australia
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD, 4558, Australia
| | - T Ventura
- Genecology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD, 4558, Australia
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD, 4558, Australia
| | - P Thomas-Hall
- Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS), Cape Ferguson, Townsville, QLD, 4810, Australia
| | - T Armstrong
- Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS), Cape Ferguson, Townsville, QLD, 4810, Australia
| | - T Barker
- Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS), Cape Ferguson, Townsville, QLD, 4810, Australia
| | - P Whatmore
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD, 4558, Australia
- eResearch Office, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - S F Cummins
- Genecology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD, 4558, Australia.
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD, 4558, Australia.
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10
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Andouche A, Valera S, Baratte S. Exploration of chemosensory ionotropic receptors in cephalopods: the IR25 gene is expressed in the olfactory organs, suckers, and fins of Sepia officinalis. Chem Senses 2021; 46:6412677. [PMID: 34718445 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjab047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While they are mostly renowned for their visual capacities, cephalopods are also good at olfaction for prey, predator, and conspecific detection. The olfactory organs and olfactory cells are well described but olfactory receptors-genes and proteins-are still undescribed in cephalopods. We conducted a broad phylogenetic analysis of the ionotropic glutamate receptor family in mollusks (iGluR), especially to identify IR members (Ionotropic Receptors), a variant subfamily whose involvement in chemosensory functions has been shown in most studied protostomes. A total of 312 iGluRs sequences (including 111 IRs) from gastropods, bivalves, and cephalopods were identified and annotated. One orthologue of the gene coding for the chemosensory IR25 co-receptor has been found in Sepia officinalis (Soff-IR25). We searched for Soff-IR25 expression at the cellular level by in situ hybridization in whole embryos at late stages before hatching. Expression was observed in the olfactory organs, which strongly validates the chemosensory function of this receptor in cephalopods. Soff-IR25 was also detected in the developing suckers, which suggests that the unique « taste by touch » behavior that cephalopods execute with their arms and suckers share features with olfaction. Finally, Soff-IR25 positive cells were unexpectedly found in fins, the two posterior appendages of cephalopods, mostly involved in locomotory functions. This result opens new avenues of investigation to confirm fins as additional chemosensory organs in cephalopods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aude Andouche
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystemes Aquatiques (BOREA). MNHN, CNRS, SU, UCN, UA, 55 Rue Buffon, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Valera
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystemes Aquatiques (BOREA). MNHN, CNRS, SU, UCN, UA, 55 Rue Buffon, Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Baratte
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystemes Aquatiques (BOREA). MNHN, CNRS, SU, UCN, UA, 55 Rue Buffon, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
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11
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Kozma MT, Ngo-Vu H, Rump MT, Bobkov YV, Ache BW, Derby CD. Single cell transcriptomes reveal expression patterns of chemoreceptor genes in olfactory sensory neurons of the Caribbean spiny lobster, Panulirus argus. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:649. [PMID: 32962631 PMCID: PMC7510291 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07034-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Crustaceans express several classes of receptor genes in their antennules, which house olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) and non-olfactory chemosensory neurons. Transcriptomics studies reveal that candidate chemoreceptor proteins include variant Ionotropic Receptors (IRs) including both co-receptor IRs and tuning IRs, Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channels, Gustatory Receptors, epithelial sodium channels, and class A G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). The Caribbean spiny lobster, Panulirus argus, expresses in its antennules nearly 600 IRs, 17 TRP channels, 1 Gustatory Receptor, 7 epithelial sodium channels, 81 GPCRs, 6 G proteins, and dozens of enzymes in signaling pathways. However, the specific combinatorial expression patterns of these proteins in single sensory neurons are not known for any crustacean, limiting our understanding of how their chemosensory systems encode chemical quality. RESULTS The goal of this study was to use transcriptomics to describe expression patterns of chemoreceptor genes in OSNs of P. argus. We generated and analyzed transcriptomes from 7 single OSNs, some of which were shown to respond to a food odor, as well as an additional 7 multicell transcriptomes from preparations containing few (2-4), several (ca. 15), or many (ca. 400) OSNs. We found that each OSN expressed the same 2 co-receptor IRs (IR25a, IR93a) but not the other 2 antennular coIRs (IR8a, IR76b), 9-53 tuning IRs but only one to a few in high abundance, the same 5 TRP channels plus up to 5 additional TRPs, 12-17 GPCRs including the same 5 expressed in every single cell transcriptome, the same 3 G proteins plus others, many enzymes in the signaling pathways, but no Gustatory Receptors or epithelial sodium channels. The greatest difference in receptor expression among the OSNs was the identity of the tuning IRs. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide an initial view of the combinatorial expression patterns of receptor molecules in single OSNs in one species of decapod crustacean, including receptors directly involved in olfactory transduction and others likely involved in modulation. Our results also suggest differences in receptor expression in OSNs vs. other chemosensory neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihika T Kozma
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Hanh Ngo-Vu
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Matthew T Rump
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Yuriy V Bobkov
- Whitney Laboratory, University of Florida, St. Augustine, Florida, 32084, USA
| | - Barry W Ache
- Whitney Laboratory, University of Florida, St. Augustine, Florida, 32084, USA
| | - Charles D Derby
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA.
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12
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Kozma MT, Ngo-Vu H, Wong YY, Shukla NS, Pawar SD, Senatore A, Schmidt M, Derby CD. Comparison of transcriptomes from two chemosensory organs in four decapod crustaceans reveals hundreds of candidate chemoreceptor proteins. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230266. [PMID: 32163507 PMCID: PMC7067487 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Crustaceans express genes for at least three classes of putative chemosensory proteins. These are: Ionotropic Receptors (IRs), derived from the heterotetrameric ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs); Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channels, a diverse set of sensor-channels that include several families of chemoreceptor channels; and Gustatory Receptor Like receptors (GRLs), ionotropic receptors that are homologues of Gustatory Receptors (GRs) of insects and are expressed sparingly in most crustaceans so far studied. IRs are typically numerically the most dominant of these receptor proteins in crustaceans and include two classes: co-receptor IRs, which are necessary for making a functional receptor-channel; and tuning IRs, whose specific combination in the IR subunits in the heterotetramer confers chemical specificity. Previous work showed that the transcriptomes from two major chemosensory organs-the lateral flagellum of the antennule (LF) and the tips of the legs (dactyls)-of the Caribbean spiny lobster Panulirus argus express four co-receptor IRs and over 100 tuning IRs. In this paper, we examined and compared the transcriptomes from the LF and dactyls of P. argus and three other decapod crustaceans-the clawed lobster Homarus americanus, red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii, and the blue crab Callinectes sapidus. Each species has at least ca. 100 to 250 IRs, 1 to 4 GRLs, and ca. 15 TRP channels including those shown to be involved in chemoreception in other species. The IRs show different degrees of phylogenetic conservation: some are arthropod-conserved, others are pancrustacean-conserved, others appear to be crustacean-conserved, and some appear to be species-specific. Many IRs appear to be more highly expressed in the LF than dactyl. Our results show that decapod crustaceans express an abundance of genes for chemoreceptor proteins of different types, phylogenetic conservation, and expression patterns. An understanding of their functional roles awaits determining their expression patterns in individual chemosensory neurons and the central projections of those neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihika T. Kozma
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Hanh Ngo-Vu
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Yuen Yan Wong
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Neal S. Shukla
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Shrikant D. Pawar
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Adriano Senatore
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Manfred Schmidt
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Charles D. Derby
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
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13
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Marquet N, Cardoso JCR, Louro B, Fernandes SA, Silva SC, Canário AVM. Holothurians have a reduced GPCR and odorant receptor-like repertoire compared to other echinoderms. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3348. [PMID: 32098989 PMCID: PMC7042368 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60167-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Sea cucumbers lack vision and rely on chemical sensing to reproduce and survive. However, how they recognize and respond to environmental cues remains unknown. Possible candidates are the odorant receptors (ORs), a diverse family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) involved in olfaction. The present study aimed at characterizing the chemosensory GPCRs in sea cucumbers. At least 246 distinct GPCRs, of which ca. 20% putative ORs, were found in a transcriptome assembly of putative chemosensory (tentacles, oral cavity, calcareous ring, and papillae/tegument) and reproductive (ovary and testis) tissues from Holothuria arguinensis (57 ORs) and in the Apostichopus japonicus genome (79 ORs). The sea cucumber ORs clustered with those of sea urchin and starfish into four main clades of gene expansions sharing a common ancestor and evolving under purifying selection. However, the sea cucumber ORs repertoire was the smallest among the echinoderms and the olfactory receptor signature motif LxxPxYxxxxxLxxxDxxxxxxxxP was better conserved in cluster OR-l1 which also had more members. ORs were expressed in tentacles, oral cavity, calcareous ring, and papillae/tegument, supporting their potential role in chemosensing. This study is the first comprehensive survey of chemosensory GPCRs in sea cucumbers, and provides the molecular basis to understand how they communicate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Marquet
- CCMAR - Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
| | - João C R Cardoso
- CCMAR - Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Bruno Louro
- CCMAR - Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Stefan A Fernandes
- CCMAR - Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Sandra C Silva
- CCMAR - Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Adelino V M Canário
- CCMAR - Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
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14
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Wang S, Qu C, Liu L, Li L, Li T, Qin S, Zhang T. Rhinophore bio-inspired stretchable and programmable electrochemical sensor. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 142:111519. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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15
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Beach GA, Habib MR, El Hiani Y, Miller MW, Croll RP. Localization of keyhole limpet hemocyanin-like immunoreactivity in the nervous system of Biomphalaria alexandrina. J Neurosci Res 2019; 97:1469-1482. [PMID: 31379045 PMCID: PMC10401489 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Recent years have led to increased effort to describe and understand the peripheral nervous system and its influence on central mechanisms and behavior in gastropod molluscs. This study revealed that an antibody raised against keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) cross-reacts with an antigen(s) found extensively in both the central and the peripheral nervous systems of Biomphalaria alexandrina. The results revealed KLH-like immunoreactive (LIR) neurons in the cerebral, pedal, buccal, left pleural, right parietal, and visceral ganglion within the CNS with fibers projecting throughout all the peripheral nerves. Numerous KLH-LIR peripheral sensory neurons located in the foot, lips, tentacles, mantle, esophagus, and penis exhibited a bipolar morphology with long tortuous dendrites. KLH-LIR cells were also present in the eye and statocyst, thus suggesting the labeling of multiple sensory modalities/cell types. KLH-LIR cells did not co-localize with tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-LIR cells, which have previously been described in this and other gastropods. The results thus provide descriptions of thousands of peripheral sensory neurons, not previously described in detail. Future research should seek to pair sensory modalities with peripheral cell type and attempt to further elucidate the nature of KLH-like reactivity. These findings also emphasize the need for caution when analyzing results obtained through use of antibodies raised against haptens conjugated to carrier proteins, suggesting the need for stringent controls to help limit potential confounds caused by cross-reactivity. In addition, this study is the first to describe neuronal cross-reactivity with KLH in Biomphalaria, which could provide a substrate for host-parasite interactions with a parasitic trematode, Schistosoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Griffin A Beach
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Mohamed R Habib
- Medical Malacology Laboratory, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Yassine El Hiani
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Mark W Miller
- Institute of Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico.,Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Roger P Croll
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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16
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Robertson HM. Molecular Evolution of the Major Arthropod Chemoreceptor Gene Families. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 64:227-242. [PMID: 30312552 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-020117-043322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The evolutionary origins of the three major families of chemoreceptors in arthropods-the odorant receptor (OR), gustatory receptor (GR), and ionotropic receptor (IR) families-occurred at the base of the Insecta, Animalia, and Protostomia, respectively. Comparison of receptor family sizes across arthropods reveals a generally positive correlation with their widely disparate complexity of chemical ecology. Closely related species reveal the ongoing processes of gene family evolution, including gene duplication, divergence, pseudogenization, and loss, that mediate these larger patterns. Sets of paralogous receptors within species reveal positive selection on amino acids in regions likely to contribute to ligand binding and specificity. Ligands of many ORs and some GRs and IRs have been identified; however, ligand identification for many more chemoreceptors is needed, as are structures for the OR/GR superfamily, to improve our understanding of the molecular evolution of these ecologically important receptors in arthropods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugh M Robertson
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA;
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17
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Chartier TF, Deschamps J, Dürichen W, Jékely G, Arendt D. Whole-head recording of chemosensory activity in the marine annelid Platynereis dumerilii. Open Biol 2018; 8:180139. [PMID: 30381362 PMCID: PMC6223215 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.180139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemical detection is key to various behaviours in both marine and terrestrial animals. Marine species, though highly diverse, have been underrepresented so far in studies on chemosensory systems, and our knowledge mostly concerns the detection of airborne cues. A broader comparative approach is therefore desirable. Marine annelid worms with their rich behavioural repertoire represent attractive models for chemosensation. Here, we study the marine worm Platynereis dumerilii to provide the first comprehensive investigation of head chemosensory organ physiology in an annelid. By combining microfluidics and calcium imaging, we record neuronal activity in the entire head of early juveniles upon chemical stimulation. We find that Platynereis uses four types of organs to detect stimuli such as alcohols, esters, amino acids and sugars. Antennae are the main chemosensory organs, compared to the more differentially responding nuchal organs or palps. We report chemically evoked activity in possible downstream brain regions including the mushroom bodies (MBs), which are anatomically and molecularly similar to insect MBs. We conclude that chemosensation is a major sensory modality for marine annelids and propose early Platynereis juveniles as a model to study annelid chemosensory systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas F Chartier
- Developmental Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joran Deschamps
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Wiebke Dürichen
- Developmental Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gáspár Jékely
- Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Detlev Arendt
- Developmental Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Meyerhofstraße 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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18
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Kozma MT, Schmidt M, Ngo-Vu H, Sparks SD, Senatore A, Derby CD. Chemoreceptor proteins in the Caribbean spiny lobster, Panulirus argus: Expression of Ionotropic Receptors, Gustatory Receptors, and TRP channels in two chemosensory organs and brain. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203935. [PMID: 30240423 PMCID: PMC6150509 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The spiny lobster, Panulirus argus, has two classes of chemosensilla representing “olfaction” and “distributed chemoreception,” as is typical for decapod crustaceans. Olfactory sensilla are found exclusively on antennular lateral flagella and are innervated only by olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) that project into olfactory lobes organized into glomeruli in the brain. Distributed chemoreceptor sensilla are found on all body surfaces including the antennular lateral flagella (LF) and walking leg dactyls (dactyls), and are innervated by both chemoreceptor neurons (CRNs) and mechanoreceptor neurons that project into somatotopically organized neuropils. Here, we examined expression of three classes of chemosensory genes in transcriptomes of the LF (with ORNs and CRNs), dactyls (with only CRNs), and brain of P. argus: Ionotropic Receptors (IRs), which are related to ionotropic glutamate receptors and found in all protostomes including crustaceans; Gustatory Receptors (GRs), which are ionotropic receptors that are abundantly expressed in insects but more restricted in crustaceans; and Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channels, a diverse set of sensor-channels that include several chemosensors in diverse animals. We identified 108 IRs, one GR, and 18 homologues representing all seven subfamilies of TRP channels. The number of IRs expressed in the LF is far greater than in dactyls, possibly reflecting the contribution of receptor proteins associated with the ORNs beyond those associated with CRNs. We found co-receptor IRs (IR8a, IR25a, IR76b, IR93a) and conserved IRs (IR21a, IR40a) in addition to the numerous divergent IRs in the LF, dactyl, and brain. Immunocytochemistry showed that IR25a is expressed in ORNs, CRNs, and a specific type of cell located in the brain near the olfactory lobes. While the function of IRs, TRP channels, and the GR was not explored, our results suggest that P. argus has an abundance of diverse putative chemoreceptor proteins that it may use in chemoreception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihika T. Kozma
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Manfred Schmidt
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Hanh Ngo-Vu
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Shea D. Sparks
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Adriano Senatore
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charles D. Derby
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
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19
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Kiss T. Do terrestrial gastropods use olfactory cues to locate and select food actively? INVERTEBRATE NEUROSCIENCE 2017; 17:9. [PMID: 28688004 DOI: 10.1007/s10158-017-0202-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Having been investigated for over 40 years, some aspects of the biology of terrestrial gastropod's olfactory system have been challenging and highly contentious, while others still remain unresolved. For example, a number of terrestrial gastropod species can track the odor of food, while others have no strong preferences toward food odor; rather they find it by random encounter. Here, while assessing the most recent findings and comparing them with earlier studies, the aspects of the food selection based on olfactory cues are examined critically to highlight the speculations and controversies that have arisen. We analyzed and compared the potential role of airborne odors in the feeding behavior of several terrestrial gastropod species. The available results indicate that in the foraging of most of the terrestrial gastropod species odor cues contribute substantially to food finding and selection. The results also suggest, however, that what they will actually consume largely depends on where they live and the species of gastropod that they are. Due to the voluminous literature relevant to this object, this review is not intended to be exhaustive. Instead, I selected what I consider to be the most important or critical in studies regarding the role of the olfaction in feeding of terrestrial gastropods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tibor Kiss
- Department of Experimental Zoology, Balaton Limnological Institute, MTA Centre for Ecological Research, Klebelsberg Kuno Str. 2-3, Tihany, 8237, Hungary.
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20
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Roberts RE, Motti CA, Baughman KW, Satoh N, Hall MR, Cummins SF. Identification of putative olfactory G-protein coupled receptors in Crown-of-Thorns starfish, Acanthaster planci. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:400. [PMID: 28535807 PMCID: PMC5442662 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-3793-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In marine organisms, and in particular for benthic invertebrates including echinoderms, olfaction is a dominant sense with chemosensation being a critical signalling process. Until recently natural product chemistry was the primary investigative approach to elucidate the nature of chemical signals but advances in genomics and transcriptomics over the last decade have facilitated breakthroughs in understanding not only the chemistry but also the molecular mechanisms underpinning chemosensation in aquatic environments. Integration of these approaches has the potential to reveal the fundamental elements influencing community structure of benthic ecosystems as chemical signalling modulates intra- and inter-species interactions. Such knowledge also offers avenues for potential development of novel biological control methods for pest species such as the predatory Crown-of-Thorns starfish (COTS), Acanthaster planci which are the primary biological cause of coral cover loss in the Indo-Pacific. Results In this study, we have analysed the COTS sensory organs through histological and electron microscopy. We then investigated key elements of the COTS molecular olfactory toolkit, the putative olfactory rhodopsin-like G protein-protein receptors (GPCRs) within its genome and olfactory organ transcriptomes. Many of the identified Acanthaster planci olfactory receptors (ApORs) genes were found to cluster within the COTS genome, indicating rapid evolution and replication from an ancestral olfactory GPCR sequence. Tube feet and terminal sensory tentacles contain the highest proportion of ApORs. In situ hybridisation confirmed the presence of four ApORs, ApOR15, 18, 25 and 43 within COTS sensory organs, however expression of these genes was not specific to the adhesive epidermis, but also within the nerve plexus of tube feet stems and within the myomesothelium. G alpha subunit proteins were also identified in the sensory organs, and we report the spatial localisation of Gαi within the tube foot and sensory tentacle. Conclusions We have identified putative COTS olfactory receptors that localise to sensory organs. These results provide a basis for future studies that may enable the development of a biological control not only for COTS, but also other native pest or invasive starfish. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-017-3793-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E Roberts
- Genecology Research Centre, Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD, 4558, Australia
| | - Cherie A Motti
- Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS), Cape Ferguson, Townsville, QLD, 4810, Australia
| | - Kenneth W Baughman
- Marine Genomics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Satoh
- Marine Genomics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
| | - Michael R Hall
- Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS), Cape Ferguson, Townsville, QLD, 4810, Australia
| | - Scott F Cummins
- Genecology Research Centre, Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD, 4558, Australia.
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Kamio M, Derby CD. Finding food: how marine invertebrates use chemical cues to track and select food. Nat Prod Rep 2017; 34:514-528. [DOI: 10.1039/c6np00121a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review covers recent research on how marine invertebrates use chemical cues to find and select food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiya Kamio
- Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology
- Tokyo 108-8477
- Japan
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22
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Liang D, Zhao M, Wang T, McManus DP, Cummins SF. GPCR and IR genes in Schistosoma mansoni miracidia. Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:563. [PMID: 27784323 PMCID: PMC5080760 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1837-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Schistosoma species are responsible for the disease schistosomiasis, a highly prevalent helminthic disease that requires a freshwater snail as intermediate host. The S. mansoni free-living miracidium must utilize olfaction to find a suitable snail host, and certain types of rhodopsin G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and ionotropic receptors (IRs) have been identified as olfactory receptors in other animal phyla. The Schistosoma genome project, together with the recent availability of proteomic databases, allowed for studies to explore receptors within S. mansoni, some of which may contribute to host finding. Results We have identified 17 rhodopsin-type GPCR sequences in S. mansoni belonging to four subclasses, including ligand-specific GPCRs (i.e. neuropeptide and opsin). RT-PCR demonstrated the expression of nine out of the 17 GPCRs in the free-living miracidia, each of which have been characterized for homology to S. haematobium. Among the nine GPCRs, two are predicted as Gq-opsins. We also describe the characterization of a Schistosoma-encoded IR based on similarity with other species IR and conservation of IR-like domains. Schistosoma mansoni IR is expressed in miracidia at 3 and 6 h post-hatch. Conclusions The identification of receptors in S. mansoni miracidia, presented here, contributes not only to further understanding of Schistosoma biology and signal transduction but also provides a basis for approaches that may modify parasite behaviour. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1837-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Liang
- Faculty of Science, Health and Education, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD, 4558, Australia
| | - Min Zhao
- Faculty of Science, Health and Education, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD, 4558, Australia
| | - Tianfang Wang
- Faculty of Science, Health and Education, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD, 4558, Australia
| | - Donald P McManus
- Molecular Parasitology Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Q4006, Australia
| | - Scott F Cummins
- Faculty of Science, Health and Education, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD, 4558, Australia.
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Derby CD, Kozma MT, Senatore A, Schmidt M. Molecular Mechanisms of Reception and Perireception in Crustacean Chemoreception: A Comparative Review. Chem Senses 2016; 41:381-98. [PMID: 27107425 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjw057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes our present knowledge of chemoreceptor proteins in crustaceans, using a comparative perspective to review these molecules in crustaceans relative to other metazoan models of chemoreception including mammals, insects, nematodes, and molluscs. Evolution has resulted in unique expansions of specific gene families and repurposing of them for chemosensation in various clades, including crustaceans. A major class of chemoreceptor proteins across crustaceans is the Ionotropic Receptors, which diversified from ionotropic glutamate receptors in ancient protostomes but which are not present in deuterostomes. Representatives of another major class of chemoreceptor proteins-the Grl/GR/OR family of ionotropic 7-transmembrane receptors-are diversified in insects but to date have been reported in only one crustacean species, Daphnia pulex So far, canonic 7-transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors, the principal chemoreceptors in vertebrates and reported in a few protostome clades, have not been identified in crustaceans. More types of chemoreceptors are known throughout the metazoans and might well be expected to be discovered in crustaceans. Our review also provides a comparative coverage of perireceptor events in crustacean chemoreception, including molecules involved in stimulus acquisition, stimulus delivery, and stimulus removal, though much less is known about these events in crustaceans, particularly at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Adriano Senatore
- Present address: Biology Department, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
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Cardoso JCR, Félix RC, Bjärnmark N, Power DM. Allatostatin-type A, kisspeptin and galanin GPCRs and putative ligands as candidate regulatory factors of mantle function. Mar Genomics 2015; 27:25-35. [PMID: 26751715 DOI: 10.1016/j.margen.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Allatostatin-type A (AST-A), kisspeptin (KISS) and galanin (GAL) G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) systems share a common ancestral origin in arthropods and the vertebrates where they regulate metabolism and reproduction. The molluscs are the second most diverse phylum in the animal kingdom, they occupy an important phylogenetic position, and their genome is more similar to deuterostomes than the arthropods and nematodes and thus they are good models for studies of gene family evolution and function. This mini-review intends to extend the current knowledge about AST-A, KISS and GAL GPCR system evolution and their putative function in the mollusc mantle. Comparative evolutionary analysis of the target GPCR systems was established by identifying homologues in genomes and tissue transcriptome datasets available for molluscs and comparing them to those of other metazoan systems. Studies in arthropods have revealed the existence of the AST-A system but the loss of homologues of the KISS and GAL systems. Homologues of the insect AST-AR and vertebrate KISSR genes were found in molluscs but putative GALR genes were absent. Receptor gene number suggested that members of this family have suffered lineage specific evolution during the molluscan radiation. In molluscs, orthologues of the insect AST-A peptides were not identified but buccalin peptides that are structurally related were identified and are putative receptor agonists. The identification of AST-AR and KISSR genes in molluscs strengthens the hypotheses that in metazoans members of the AST-AR subfamily share evolutionary proximity with KISSRs. The variable number of receptors and large repertoire of buccalin peptides may be indicative of the functional diversity of the AST-AR/KISSR systems in molluscs. The identification of AST-A and KISS receptors and ligands in the mantle transcriptome indicates that in molluscs they may have acquired a novel function and may play a role in shell development or sensory detection in the mantle.
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Affiliation(s)
- João C R Cardoso
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.
| | - Rute C Félix
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Nadège Bjärnmark
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Deborah M Power
- Comparative Endocrinology and Integrative Biology, Centre of Marine Sciences, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
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25
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The octopus genome and the evolution of cephalopod neural and morphological novelties. Nature 2015; 524:220-4. [PMID: 26268193 PMCID: PMC4795812 DOI: 10.1038/nature14668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 361] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Coleoid cephalopods (octopus, squid, and cuttlefish) are active,
resourceful predators with a rich behavioral repertoire1. They have the largest nervous systems
among the invertebrates2 and
present other striking morphological innovations including camera-like eyes,
prehensile arms, a highly derived early embryogenesis, and the most
sophisticated adaptive coloration system among all animals1,3.
To investigate the molecular bases of cephalopod brain and body innovations we
sequenced the genome and multiple transcriptomes of the California two-spot
octopus, Octopus bimaculoides. We found no evidence for
hypothesized whole genome duplications in the octopus lineage4–6. The core developmental and neuronal gene repertoire of the
octopus is broadly similar to that found across invertebrate bilaterians, except
for massive expansions in two gene families formerly thought to be uniquely
enlarged in vertebrates: the protocadherins, which regulate neuronal
development, and the C2H2 superfamily of zinc finger transcription factors.
Extensive mRNA editing generates transcript and protein diversity in genes
involved in neural excitability, as previously described7, as well as in genes participating in a
broad range of other cellular functions. We identified hundreds of
cephalopod-specific genes, many of which showed elevated expression levels in
such specialized structures as the skin, the suckers, and the nervous system.
Finally, we found evidence for large-scale genomic rearrangements that are
closely associated with transposable element expansions. Our analysis suggests
that substantial expansion of a handful of gene families, along with extensive
remodeling of genome linkage and repetitive content, played a critical role in
the evolution of cephalopod morphological innovations, including their large and
complex nervous systems.
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27
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Carrigan ID, Croll RP, Wyeth RC. Morphology, innervation, and peripheral sensory cells of the siphon ofaplysia californica. J Comp Neurol 2015; 523:2409-25. [DOI: 10.1002/cne.23795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 04/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ian D. Carrigan
- Department of Biology; St. Francis Xavier University; Antigonish Nova Scotia B2G 2W5 Canada
| | - Roger P. Croll
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics; Dalhousie University; Halifax NS B3H 4R2 Canada
| | - Russell C. Wyeth
- Department of Biology; St. Francis Xavier University; Antigonish Nova Scotia B2G 2W5 Canada
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Krishnan A, Almén MS, Fredriksson R, Schiöth HB. Insights into the origin of nematode chemosensory GPCRs: putative orthologs of the Srw family are found across several phyla of protostomes. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93048. [PMID: 24663674 PMCID: PMC3963977 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nematode chemosensory GPCRs in Caenorhabditis elegans (NemChRs) are classified into 19 gene families, and are initially thought to have split from the ancestral Rhodopsin family of GPCRs. However, earlier studies have shown that among all 19 NemChR gene families, only the srw family has a clear sequence relationship to the ancestral Rhodopsin GPCR family. Yet, the phylogenetic relationships between the srw family of NemChRs and the Rhodopsin subfamilies are not fully understood. Also, a widespread search was not previously performed to check for the presence of putative srw family-like sequences or the other 18 NemChR families in several new protostome species outside the nematode lineage. In this study, we have investigated for the presence of 19 NemChR families across 26 eukaryotic species, covering basal eukaryotic branches and provide the first evidence that the srw family of NemChRs is indeed present across several phyla of protostomes. We could identify 29 putative orthologs of the srw family in insects (15 genes), molluscs (11 genes) and Schistosoma mansoni (3 genes). Furthermore, using HMM-HMM profile based comparisons and phylogenetic analysis we show that among all Rhodopsin subfamilies, the peptide and SOG (somatostatin/opioid/galanin) subfamilies are phylogenetically the closest relatives to the srw family of NemChRs. Taken together, we demonstrate that the srw family split from the large Rhodopsin family, possibly from the peptide and/or SOG subfamilies, well before the split of the nematode lineage, somewhere close to the divergence of the common ancestor of protostomes. Our analysis also suggests that the srsx family of NemChRs shares a clear sequence homology with the Rhodopsin subfamilies, as well as with few of the vertebrate olfactory receptors. Overall, this study provides further insights into the evolutionary events that shaped the GPCR chemosensory system in protostome species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunkumar Krishnan
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Markus Sällman Almén
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Robert Fredriksson
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Helgi B Schiöth
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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29
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Ng TPT, Saltin SH, Davies MS, Johannesson K, Stafford R, Williams GA. Snails and their trails: the multiple functions of trail-following in gastropods. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2013; 88:683-700. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Revised: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Terence P. T. Ng
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong SAR; China
| | - Sara H. Saltin
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences-Tjärnö; University of Gothenburg; SE-452 96; Strömstad; Sweden
| | - Mark S. Davies
- Faculty of Applied Sciences; University of Sunderland; Sunderland; SR1 3SD; UK
| | - Kerstin Johannesson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences-Tjärnö; University of Gothenburg; SE-452 96; Strömstad; Sweden
| | - Richard Stafford
- Institute of Biomedical and Environmental Science and Technology (iBEST); University of Bedfordshire; Luton; LU1 3JU; UK
| | - Gray A. Williams
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science and School of Biological Sciences; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong SAR; China
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30
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Cummins SF, Bowie JH. Pheromones, attractants and other chemical cues of aquatic organisms and amphibians. Nat Prod Rep 2012; 29:642-58. [DOI: 10.1039/c2np00102k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Wyeth RC, Croll RP. Peripheral sensory cells in the cephalic sensory organs of Lymnaea stagnalis. J Comp Neurol 2011; 519:1894-913. [PMID: 21452209 DOI: 10.1002/cne.22607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The peripheral nervous system in gastropods plays a key role in the neural control of behaviors, but is poorly studied in comparison with the central nervous system. Peripheral sensory neurons, although known to be widespread, have been studied in a patchwork fashion across several species, with no comprehensive treatment in any one species. We attempted to remedy this limitation by cataloging peripheral sensory cells in the cephalic sensory organs of Lymnaea stagnalis employing backfills, vital stains, histochemistry, and immunohistochemistry. By using at least two independent methods to corroborate observations, we mapped four different cell types. We have found two different populations of bipolar sensory cells that appear to contain catecholamines(s) and histamine, respectively. Each cell had a peripheral soma, an epithelial process bearing cilia, and a second process projecting to the central nervous system. We also found evidence for two populations of nitric oxide-producing sensory cells, one bipolar, probably projecting centrally, and the second unipolar, with only a single epithelial process and no axon. The various cell types are presumably either mechanosensory or chemosensory, but the complexity of their distributions does not allow formation of hypotheses regarding modality. In addition, our observations indicate that yet more peripheral sensory cell types are present in the cephalic sensory organs of L. stagnalis. These results are an important step toward linking sensory cell morphology to modality. Moreover, our observations emphasize the size of the peripheral nervous system in gastropods, and we suggest that greater emphasis be placed on understanding its role in gastropod neuroethology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Russell C Wyeth
- Department of Biology, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Nova Scotia, B2G 2W5, Canada.
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32
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Cummins SF, Degnan BM. Sensory sea slugs: Towards decoding the molecular toolkit required for a mollusc to smell. Commun Integr Biol 2011; 3:423-6. [PMID: 21057630 DOI: 10.4161/cib.3.5.12091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2010] [Accepted: 04/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Molluscs are a large and diverse group of aquatic and terrestrial animals that rely heavily on chemical communication. Aplysia is an excellent model in which to investigate and develop breakthrough principles into the molecular aspects of chemoreception in molluscs. We recently identified a large family of rhodopsin-like G-protein coupled receptors expressed in the chemosensory rhinophore of Aplysia that may be key components of sensory detection. Here, we summarize these findings and provide further insight into the molecular olfactory toolkit used by Aplysia, by taking advantage of our knowledge of their attraction pheromones. Our characterization of rhinophore genes upregulated following pheromone stimulation helps explain the dynamics of olfactory gene expression following chemical stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott F Cummins
- Faculty of Science, Health and Education; University of the Sunshine Coast; Maroochydore DC; Maroochydore, QLD Australia
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33
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Moroz LL, Kohn AB. Parallel evolution of nitric oxide signaling: diversity of synthesis and memory pathways. FRONT BIOSCI-LANDMRK 2011; 16:2008-51. [PMID: 21622160 PMCID: PMC4041873 DOI: 10.2741/3837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The origin of NO signaling can be traceable back to the origin of life with the large scale of parallel evolution of NO synthases (NOSs). Inducible-like NOSs may be the most basal prototype of all NOSs and that neuronal-like NOS might have evolved several times from this prototype. Other enzymatic and non-enzymatic pathways for NO synthesis have been discovered using reduction of nitrites, an alternative source of NO. Diverse synthetic mechanisms can co-exist within the same cell providing a complex NO-oxygen microenvironment tightly coupled with cellular energetics. The dissection of multiple sources of NO formation is crucial in analysis of complex biological processes such as neuronal integration and learning mechanisms when NO can act as a volume transmitter within memory-forming circuits. In particular, the molecular analysis of learning mechanisms (most notably in insects and gastropod molluscs) opens conceptually different perspectives to understand the logic of recruiting evolutionarily conserved pathways for novel functions. Giant uniquely identified cells from Aplysia and related species precent unuque opportunities for integrative analysis of NO signaling at the single cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid L Moroz
- The Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience, University of Florida, 9505 Ocean Shore Blvd, St. Augustine, FL 32080-8623, USA.
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34
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Paul VJ, Ritson-Williams R, Sharp K. Marine chemical ecology in benthic environments. Nat Prod Rep 2010; 28:345-87. [PMID: 21125086 DOI: 10.1039/c0np00040j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valerie J Paul
- Smithsonian Marine Station, Smithsonian Institution, Fort Pierce, Florida, USA.
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35
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Morishita F, Furukawa Y, Matsushima O, Minakata H. Regulatory actions of neuropeptides and peptide hormones on the reproduction of molluscsThe present review is one of a series of occasional review articles that have been invited by the Editors and will feature the broad range of disciplines and expertise represented in our Editorial Advisory Board. CAN J ZOOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1139/z10-041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Reproductive success of individual animals is essential for the survival of any species. Molluscs have adapted to a wide variety of environments (freshwater, brackish water, seawater, and terrestrial habits) and have evolved unique tactics for reproduction. Both of these features attract the academic interests of scientists. Because neuropeptides and peptide hormones play critical roles in neural and neurohormonal regulation of physiological functions and behaviors in this animal group, the regulatory actions of these messengers in reproduction have been extensively investigated. In this review, we will briefly summarize how peptidergic messengers are involved in various aspects of reproduction, using some peptides such as egg-laying hormone, caudo-dorsal cell hormone, APGWamide, and gonadotropin-releasing hormone as typical examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiro Morishita
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan
- Department of Global Environment Studies, Faculty of Environmental Studies, Hiroshima Institute of Technology, 2-1-1 Miyake, Saeki-ku, Hiroshima 731-5193, Japan
- Suntory Institute for Bioorganic Research, 1-1-1 Wakayamadai, Shimamoto, Mishima, Osaka 618-8503, Japan
| | - Yasuo Furukawa
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan
- Department of Global Environment Studies, Faculty of Environmental Studies, Hiroshima Institute of Technology, 2-1-1 Miyake, Saeki-ku, Hiroshima 731-5193, Japan
- Suntory Institute for Bioorganic Research, 1-1-1 Wakayamadai, Shimamoto, Mishima, Osaka 618-8503, Japan
| | - Osamu Matsushima
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan
- Department of Global Environment Studies, Faculty of Environmental Studies, Hiroshima Institute of Technology, 2-1-1 Miyake, Saeki-ku, Hiroshima 731-5193, Japan
- Suntory Institute for Bioorganic Research, 1-1-1 Wakayamadai, Shimamoto, Mishima, Osaka 618-8503, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Minakata
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan
- Department of Global Environment Studies, Faculty of Environmental Studies, Hiroshima Institute of Technology, 2-1-1 Miyake, Saeki-ku, Hiroshima 731-5193, Japan
- Suntory Institute for Bioorganic Research, 1-1-1 Wakayamadai, Shimamoto, Mishima, Osaka 618-8503, Japan
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Croset V, Rytz R, Cummins SF, Budd A, Brawand D, Kaessmann H, Gibson TJ, Benton R. Ancient protostome origin of chemosensory ionotropic glutamate receptors and the evolution of insect taste and olfaction. PLoS Genet 2010; 6:e1001064. [PMID: 20808886 PMCID: PMC2924276 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1001064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 499] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2010] [Accepted: 07/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) are a highly conserved family of ligand-gated ion channels present in animals, plants, and bacteria, which are best characterized for their roles in synaptic communication in vertebrate nervous systems. A variant subfamily of iGluRs, the Ionotropic Receptors (IRs), was recently identified as a new class of olfactory receptors in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, hinting at a broader function of this ion channel family in detection of environmental, as well as intercellular, chemical signals. Here, we investigate the origin and evolution of IRs by comprehensive evolutionary genomics and in situ expression analysis. In marked contrast to the insect-specific Odorant Receptor family, we show that IRs are expressed in olfactory organs across Protostomia--a major branch of the animal kingdom that encompasses arthropods, nematodes, and molluscs--indicating that they represent an ancestral protostome chemosensory receptor family. Two subfamilies of IRs are distinguished: conserved "antennal IRs," which likely define the first olfactory receptor family of insects, and species-specific "divergent IRs," which are expressed in peripheral and internal gustatory neurons, implicating this family in taste and food assessment. Comparative analysis of drosophilid IRs reveals the selective forces that have shaped the repertoires in flies with distinct chemosensory preferences. Examination of IR gene structure and genomic distribution suggests both non-allelic homologous recombination and retroposition contributed to the expansion of this multigene family. Together, these findings lay a foundation for functional analysis of these receptors in both neurobiological and evolutionary studies. Furthermore, this work identifies novel targets for manipulating chemosensory-driven behaviours of agricultural pests and disease vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Croset
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Raphael Rytz
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Scott F. Cummins
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Aidan Budd
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David Brawand
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Henrik Kaessmann
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Toby J. Gibson
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Richard Benton
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Niimura Y. Evolutionary dynamics of olfactory receptor genes in chordates: interaction between environments and genomic contents. Hum Genomics 2010; 4:107-18. [PMID: 20038498 PMCID: PMC3525206 DOI: 10.1186/1479-7364-4-2-107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Olfaction is essential for the survival of animals. Versatile odour molecules in the environment are received by olfactory receptors (ORs), which form the largest multigene family in vertebrates. Identification of the entire repertories of OR genes using bioinformatics methods from the whole-genome sequences of diverse organisms revealed that the numbers of OR genes vary enormously, ranging from ~1,200 in rats and ~400 in humans to ~150 in zebrafish and ~15 in pufferfish. Most species have a considerable fraction of pseudogenes. Extensive phylogenetic analyses have suggested that the numbers of gene gains and losses are extremely large in the OR gene family, which is a striking example of the birth-and-death evolution. It appears that OR gene repertoires change dynamically, depending on each organism's living environment. For example, higher primates equipped with a well-developed vision system have lost a large number of OR genes. Moreover, two groups of OR genes for detecting airborne odorants greatly expanded after the time of terrestrial adaption in the tetrapod lineage, whereas fishes retain diverse repertoires of genes that were present in aquatic ancestral species. The origin of vertebrate OR genes can be traced back to the common ancestor of all chordate species, but insects, nematodes and echinoderms utilise distinctive families of chemoreceptors, suggesting that chemoreceptor genes have evolved many times independently in animal evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihito Niimura
- Department of Bioinformatics, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
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