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Ghaemi A, Abnous K, Taghdisi SM, Vakili-Azghandi M, Ramezani M, Alibolandi M. Robust aptamer-targeted CRISPR/Cas9 delivery using mesenchymal stem cell membrane -liposome hybrid: BIRC5 gene knockout against melanoma. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2024; 62:102778. [PMID: 39127174 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2024.102778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
In this study, a platform was fabricated by combining a cationic lipid, 1,2-Dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane (DOTAP) with mesenchymal stem cell membrane (MSCM) to produce a positively charged hybrid vesicle. The prepared hybrid vesicle was used to condense BIRC5 CRISPR/Cas9 plasmid for survivin (BIRC5) gene editing. The Sgc8-c aptamer (against protein tyrosine kinase 7) was then attached to the surface of the prepared NPs through electrostatic interactions. In this regard, melanoma cancer cells (B16F0 cell line) overexpressing PTK7 receptor could be targeted. Investigations were conducted on this system to evaluate its transfection efficiency, cellular toxicity, and therapeutic performance in preclinical stage using B16F0 tumor bearing C57BL/6 J mice. The results verified the superiority of the Hybrid/ BIRC5 compared to Liposome/ BIRC5 in terms of cellular toxicity and transfection efficiency. The cells exposure to Hybrid/BIRC5 significantly enhanced cytotoxicity. Moreover, cells treated with Apt-Hybrid/BIRC5 showed higher anti-proliferation activity toward PTK7-positive B16F0 cancer cells than that of the PKT7-negative CHO cell line. The active tumor targeting nanoparticles increased the cytotoxicity through down-regulation of BIRC5 expression as confirmed by Western blot analysis. In preclinical stage, Apt-Hybrid/BIRC5 showed remarkable tumor growth suppression toward B16F0 tumorized mice. Thus, our study suggested that genome editing for BIRC5 through the CRISPR/Cas9 system could provide a potentially safe approach for melanoma cancer therapy and has great potential for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Ghaemi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Khalil Abnous
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Taghdisi
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Vakili-Azghandi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ramezani
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Mona Alibolandi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Boutalaka M, El Bahi S, Alaqarbeh M, El Alaouy MA, Koubi Y, Khatabi KE, Maghat H, Bouachrine M, Lakhlifi T. Computational investigation of imidazo[2,1-b]oxazole derivatives as potential mutant BRAF kinase inhibitors: 3D-QSAR, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, and ADMETox studies. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:5268-5287. [PMID: 37424193 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2233629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
BRAF inhibitors are known to be an effective therapeutic target for treating melanoma and other types of cancer. Using 3D-QSAR, molecular docking, and MD simulations, this study evaluated various imidazo[2,1-b]oxazole derivatives that function as mutant BRAF kinase inhibitors. Comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and comparative molecular similarity index analysis (CoMSIA) were used to create the 3D-QSAR models. CoMSIA/SEHA model has solid predictive power across several models (Q2 = 0.578; R2 = 0.828; R2pred = 0.74) and is the best model according to the numerous field models generated. The created model's predictive power was evaluated through external validation using a test set. CoMSIA/SEHA contour maps collect information that can be used to identify critical regions with solid anticancer activity. We developed four inhibitors with high predicted activity due to these observations. ADMET prediction was used to assess the toxicity of the proposed imidazo[2,1-b]oxazole compounds. The predictive molecules (T1-T4) demonstrated good ADMET properties, excluding the toxic active compounds 11r from the database. Molecular docking was also used to determine the patterns and modes of interactions between imidazo[2,1-b]oxazole ligands and receptors, which revealed that the proposed imidazo[2,1-b]oxazole scaffold was stable in the receptor's active site (PDB code: 4G9C). The suggested compounds (T1-T4) were subjected to molecular dynamics simulations lasting 100 ns to determine their binding free energies. The results showed that T2 had a more favorable binding free energy (-149.552 kJ/mol) than T1 (-112.556 kJ/mol), T3 (-115.503 kJ/mol), and T4 (-102.553 kJ/mol). The results suggest that the imidazo[2,1-b]oxazole compounds investigated in this study have potential as inhibitors of BRAF kinase and could be further developed as anticancer drugs. Highlights22 imidazo[2,1-b]oxazole compounds were subjected to research on three-dimensional quantitative conformational relationships.Using contour maps from 3D-QSAR models as a guide was used to figure out the areas and strategies for structural optimization.Combined molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, and binding free energy calculations to verify the inhibitor activity of the proposed 22 imidazo[2,1-b]oxazole compounds.Four potential B-RAF Kinase inhibitors were discovered, providing theoretical clues for developing a highly anticancer agent.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meryem Boutalaka
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Chemistry and Natural Substances Laboratory, Faculty of Science, University of Moulay Ismail, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Salma El Bahi
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Chemistry and Natural Substances Laboratory, Faculty of Science, University of Moulay Ismail, Meknes, Morocco
| | | | - Moulay Ahfid El Alaouy
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Chemistry and Natural Substances Laboratory, Faculty of Science, University of Moulay Ismail, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Yassine Koubi
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Chemistry and Natural Substances Laboratory, Faculty of Science, University of Moulay Ismail, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Khalil El Khatabi
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Chemistry and Natural Substances Laboratory, Faculty of Science, University of Moulay Ismail, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Hamid Maghat
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Chemistry and Natural Substances Laboratory, Faculty of Science, University of Moulay Ismail, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Mohammed Bouachrine
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Chemistry and Natural Substances Laboratory, Faculty of Science, University of Moulay Ismail, Meknes, Morocco
- EST Khenifra, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal, Morocco
| | - Tahar Lakhlifi
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Chemistry and Natural Substances Laboratory, Faculty of Science, University of Moulay Ismail, Meknes, Morocco
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Castanares-Zapatero D, Verleye L, Devos C, Thiry N, Silversmit G, Van Damme N, De Gendt C, Hulstaert F, Neyt M. Survival of patients with unfavorable prognosis cutaneous melanoma with increased use of immunotherapy agents: a population-based study in Belgium. Int J Dermatol 2024; 63:947-955. [PMID: 38297428 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.17046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although metastatic cutaneous melanoma is associated with an unfavorable prognosis, innovative therapies including immunomodulating agents and targeted therapies have shown survival benefits in clinical trials. We assessed the impact of the introduction of innovative drugs into clinical practice on the survival of patients with metastatic cutaneous melanoma during the period 2004-2017, in Belgium. The evolution of associated expenses was also analyzed. METHODS This is a retrospective population-based study using data from the national Belgian Cancer Registry, compulsory health insurance, and administrative survival data. The immunomodulating drugs were ipilimumab, nivolumab and pembrolizumab, while targeted therapies included vemurafenib, dabrafenib and trametinib. RESULTS We did not identify a trend for improvement over time. Median survival (years) was 1.5 (95% CI: 1.1-1.8) in 2004-2008, 1.1 (95% CI: 0.8-1.5) in 2009-2013, and 1.6 (95% CI: 1.3-2.4) in 2014-2017, respectively. In contrast, survival improved in those with unknown primary tumor localization. In this group, median survival time was 2.0 (95% CI: 1.4-2.9) in the most recent period, while it was 1.1 (95% CI: 0.7-1.3) in 2009-2013, and 0.9 (95% CI: 0.6-1.2) in 2004-2008. The uptake of innovative drugs remained modest, with no drug being used by more than 30% of patients. Yearly expenditure was almost non-existent, and gradually increased, reaching several million euros in 2014-2017. CONCLUSION Patients with metastatic cutaneous melanoma who were diagnosed between 2004 and 2017 showed no apparent improvement in survival. In contrast, increased survival was observed in the subgroup of patients with unknown primary tumor localization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leen Verleye
- Belgian Health Care Knowledge Centre (KCE), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Carl Devos
- Belgian Health Care Knowledge Centre (KCE), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nancy Thiry
- Belgian Health Care Knowledge Centre (KCE), Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Frank Hulstaert
- Belgian Health Care Knowledge Centre (KCE), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mattias Neyt
- Belgian Health Care Knowledge Centre (KCE), Brussels, Belgium
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Zahiri M, Kamali H, Abnous K, Mohammad Taghdisi S, Nekooei S, Nekooei N, Ramezani M, Alibolandi M. Synthesis of folate targeted theranostic cubosomal platform for co-delivery of bismuth oxide and doxorubicin to melanoma in vitro and in vivo. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2024; 198:114259. [PMID: 38479563 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Liquid crystalline nanoparticles (LCNPs) have gained much attention in cancer nanomedicines due to their unique features such as high surface area, storage stability, and sustained-release profile. In the current study, a novel LCNP for co-encapsulation of Bi2O3 and hydrophilic doxorubicin (DOX) was fabricated and functionalized with folic acid (FA) to achieve efficient tumor targeting toward CT-scan imaging and chemotherapy of melanoma in vitro and in vivo. LCNPs Bi2O3 NPs were prepared using glycerol monooleate-pluronic F-127 (GMO/PF127/water). Firstly, GMO/water were homogenized to prepare LC gel. Then, the stabilizer aqueous solution (PF127/Bi2O3/DOX) was added to the prepared LC gel and homogenized using homogenization and ultrasonication. The formulated NPs exhibited superior stability with encapsulation efficiency. High cytotoxicity and cellular internalization of the FA-Bi2O3-DOX-NPs were observed in comparison with Bi2O3-DOX-NPs and the free DOX in folate-receptor (FR) overexpressing cells (B16F10) in vitro. Moreover, ideal tumor suppression with increased survival rate were observed in tumorized mice treated with FA-Bi2O3-DOX-NPs compared to those treated with non-targeted one. On the other hand, the CT-imaging ability of the Bi2O3-DOX-NPs was tested inB16F10 tumor-bearing mice. The obtained data indicated a high potential of the developed targeted theranostic FA-Bi2O3-DOX-NPs for diagnostics and treatment of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Zahiri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hosein Kamali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Khalil Abnous
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Taghdisi
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sirous Nekooei
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Negar Nekooei
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ramezani
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Mona Alibolandi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Shah V, Panchal V, Shah A, Vyas B, Agrawal S, Bharadwaj S. Immune checkpoint inhibitors in metastatic melanoma therapy (Review). MEDICINE INTERNATIONAL 2024; 4:13. [PMID: 38410760 PMCID: PMC10895472 DOI: 10.3892/mi.2024.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
An increase in the incidence of melanoma has been observed in recent decades, which poses a significant challenge due to its poor prognosis in the advanced and metastatic stages. Previously, chemotherapy and high doses of interleukin-2 were available treatments for melanoma; however, they offered limited survival benefits and were associated with severe toxicities. The treatment of metastatic melanoma has been transformed by new developments in immunotherapy. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), monoclonal antibodies that target cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4), programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligand, PDL-1, have emerged as promising therapeutic options. Commonly used ICIs, such as ipilimumab, nivolumab and pembrolizumab, have been found to be associated with an improved median overall survival, recurrence-free survival and response rates compared to traditional chemotherapies. Combination therapies involving different types of ICIs, such as anti-PD1 with anti-CTLA-4, have further enhanced the overall survival and response rates by targeting various phases of T-cell activation. Additionally, the development of novel biomarkers has facilitated the assessment of responses to ICI therapy, with tissue and serum-based prognostic and predictive biomarkers now available. The increased response observed with ICIs also provides potential for immune-related adverse effects on various organ systems. Further research is required to evaluate the efficacy and safety of various combinations of ICIs, while ongoing clinical trials explore the potential of newer ICIs. Concerns regarding the development of resistance to ICIs also warrant attention. The present review summarizes and discusses the advent of ICIs with a marked significant breakthrough in the treatment of metastatic melanoma, providing improved outcomes compared to traditional therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vedant Shah
- Department of Medicine, Smt. N.H.L. Municipal Medical College and Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Institute of Medical Sciences and Research (SVPISMR), Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380058, India
| | - Viraj Panchal
- Department of Medicine, Smt. N.H.L. Municipal Medical College and Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Institute of Medical Sciences and Research (SVPISMR), Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380058, India
| | - Abhi Shah
- Department of Medicine, Smt. N.H.L. Municipal Medical College and Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Institute of Medical Sciences and Research (SVPISMR), Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380058, India
| | - Bhavya Vyas
- Department of Medicine, Smt. N.H.L. Municipal Medical College and Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Institute of Medical Sciences and Research (SVPISMR), Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380058, India
| | - Siddharth Agrawal
- Department of Medicine, Smt. N.H.L. Municipal Medical College and Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Institute of Medical Sciences and Research (SVPISMR), Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380058, India
| | - Sanket Bharadwaj
- Department of Medicine, Smt. N.H.L. Municipal Medical College and Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Institute of Medical Sciences and Research (SVPISMR), Ahmedabad, Gujarat 380058, India
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Wang Y, Zou L, Song M, Zong J, Wang S, Meng L, Jia Z, Zhao L, Han X, Lu M. Establishment of skin cutaneous melanoma prognosis model based on vascular mimicry risk score. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e36679. [PMID: 38363903 PMCID: PMC10869071 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Studies have indicated that Vascular mimicry (VM) could contribute to the unfavorable prognosis of skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM). Thus, the objective of this study was to identify therapeutic targets associated with VM in SKCM and develop a novel prognostic model. Gene expression data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) were utilized to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). By intersecting these DEGs with VM genes, we acquired VM-related DEGs specific to SKCM, and then identified prognostic-related VM genes. A VM risk score system was established based on these prognosis-associated VM genes, and patients were then categorized into high- and low-score groups using the median score. Subsequently, differences in clinical characteristics, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), and other analyses were further presented between the 2 groups of patients. Finally, a novel prognostic model for SKCM was established using the VM score and clinical characteristics. 26 VM-related DEGs were identified in SKCM, among the identified DEGs associated with VM in SKCM, 5 genes were found to be prognostic-related. The VM risk score system, comprised of these genes, is an independent prognostic risk factor. There were significant differences between the 2 patient groups in terms of age, pathological stage, and T stage. VM risk scores are associated with epithelial biological processes, angiogenesis, regulation of the SKCM immune microenvironment, and sensitivity to targeted drugs. The novel prognostic model demonstrates excellent predictive ability. Our study identified VM-related prognostic markers and therapeutic targets for SKCM, providing novel insights for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubo Wang
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Department of Trauma and Tissue Repair Surgery, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian, China
| | - Linxuan Zou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Mingzhi Song
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Junwei Zong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shouyu Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lei Meng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanhua Medical University, Hengyang, China
| | - Zhuqiang Jia
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- Naqu People’s Hospital, Tibet, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- Department of Quality Management, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian, China
| | - Xin Han
- Naqu People’s Hospital, Tibet, China
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ming Lu
- Department of Trauma and Tissue Repair Surgery, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian, China
- Department of Trauma and Tissue Repair Surgery, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Rose MA, Miura J, Sharon C, Ermer JP, Karakousis G, Wachtel H. Current Patterns of Treatment and Outcomes in Advanced Melanoma at a Single Institution. J Surg Res 2023; 291:25-33. [PMID: 37331189 PMCID: PMC10524477 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2023.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Treatment of advanced melanoma has been transformed by novel systemic therapies. The purpose of this study is to describe the current utilization patterns of immunotherapies with respect to survival outcomes in advanced melanoma. METHODS We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients with Stage 3 and 4 melanoma at our institution (2009-2019). Primary outcomes included overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression analysis evaluated associations between covariates and survival outcomes. RESULTS Of 244 patients, 5-y OS was 62.4%. Lymphovascular invasion (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.462, P = 0.030) was associated with shorter PFS whereas female gender (HR = 0.324, P = 0.010) was associated with longer PFS. Residual tumor (HR = 146, P = 0.006) and Stage 4 disease (HR = 3.349, P = 0.011) were associated with shorter OS. Use of immunotherapy increased from 2% to 23% over the study period, and use of neoadjuvant immunotherapy also increased up to 2016. Timing of immunotherapy administration was not significantly associated with survival. Of the 193 patients who received 2 or more treatment types, the most common treatment sequence was surgery followed by immunotherapy (n = 117, 60.6%). CONCLUSIONS Immunotherapy is increasingly used for treatment of advanced melanoma. In this heterogeneous cohort, there was no significant association between timing of immunotherapy and survival outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle A Rose
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - John Miura
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia Pennsylvania; Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Cimarron Sharon
- Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jae P Ermer
- Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Giorgos Karakousis
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia Pennsylvania; Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Heather Wachtel
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia Pennsylvania; Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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Kaehler M, Cascorbi I. Molecular Mechanisms of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Resistance in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2023; 280:65-83. [PMID: 36882601 DOI: 10.1007/164_2023_639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
The hematopoietic neoplasm chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a rare disease caused by chromosomal reciprocal translocation t(9;22)(q34:q11) with subsequent formation of the BCR-ABL1 fusion gene. This fusion gene encodes a constitutively active tyrosine kinase, which results in malignant transformation of the cells. Since 2001, CML can be effectively treated using tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) such as imatinib, which prevent phosphorylation of downstream targets by blockade of the BCR-ABL kinase. Due to its tremendous success, this treatment became the role model of targeted therapy in precision oncology. Here, we review the mechanisms of TKI resistance focusing on BCR-ABL1-dependent and -independent mechanisms. These include the genomics of the BCR-ABL1, TKI metabolism and transport and alternative signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meike Kaehler
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ingolf Cascorbi
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany.
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Scampa M, Mégevand V, Viscardi JA, Giordano S, Kalbermatten DF, Oranges CM. Melanoma of the Scalp and Neck: A Population-Based Analysis of Survival and Treatment Patterns. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14246052. [PMID: 36551538 PMCID: PMC9776047 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14246052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Melanoma is an aggressive skin cancer. Large demographic and clinic-pathologic studies are required to identify variations of tumour behavior. The aim of our study was to offer updated epidemiologic data on the scalp and neck melanoma with an overall survival analysis. Method: The SEER database was searched for all scalp and neck melanoma in adult patients between 2000 and 2019. Demographic and clinic-pathologic variables were described. Their impact on overall survival was assessed with the log-rank test after Kaplan−Meier model. A multivariable cox-regression was conducted to identify predictors of decreased survival. A p-value of <0.005 was considered statistically significant. Results: 20,728 Melanomas of the scalp and neck were identified. Mean age was 62.5 years. Gender ratio was 76.3% males. 79% of the tumours were localized at diagnosis. Increasing age, male gender, tumour ulceration, high mitotic rate or nodular subtype were independent prognostic factors of decreased overall survival. Surgery with less than 1 cm margin is associated with the best overall survival in this cohort. No significant difference in OS was seen between less than 1 cm and 1 to 2 cm margins. Conclusion: Knowledge of negative prognostic factors might help identify subgroups at risk and adapt their oncologic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Scampa
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva University, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Vladimir Mégevand
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva University, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, St Thomas’ Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Juan A. Viscardi
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva University, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Salvatore Giordano
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, 20500 Turku, Finland
| | - Daniel F. Kalbermatten
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva University, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Carlo M. Oranges
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva University, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-(0)-22-372-79-97
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Complete Response to Temozolomide in Metastatic Melanoma After Failure of 5 Lines of Treatment. Am J Ther 2022; 29:e767-e769. [PMID: 32427619 DOI: 10.1097/mjt.0000000000001186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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11
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Shi Z, Gu J, Yao Y, Wu Z. Identification of a predictive gene signature related to pyroptosis for the prognosis of cutaneous melanoma. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e30564. [PMID: 36086707 PMCID: PMC10980462 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000030564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyroptosis is a form of inflammatory programmed cell death. However, because of no specific molecular biomarker, pyroptosis has not been considered as a novel therapeutic method to treat cutaneous melanoma (CM). Here, we identified pyroptosis genes that associate with the prognosis of CM patients and constructed an effective model for the prognostic prediction of CM patients. To identify genes related to pyroptosis that are differentially expressed in CM, we obtained gene expression data of CM patients and normal skin tissues from the Cancer Genome Atlas and the Genotype-Tissue Expression databases, and used another cohort obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus database for validation. Three genes (BST2, GBP5, and AIM2) that were associated with prognosis were found and incorporated into our prognostic model. Furthermore, we divided the patients into 2 groups: a high-risk group and a low-risk group. Functional analyses indicated that our model was correlated with patient survival and cancer growth. Multivariate and univariate Cox regressions revealed that the constructed model could serve as an independent prognostic factor for CM patients. Meanwhile, compared with other clinical characteristics, our model significantly improved the diagnostic accuracy. Gene function analysis revealed that pyroptosis genes BST2, GBP5, and AIM2 were differentially expressed in CM patients and positively associated with patient prognosis. Finally, a risk score was used to generate nomograms that displayed favorable discriminatory abilities for CM. In summary, our model could significantly predict the prognosis of CM patients and be used for the development of CM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyang Shi
- Department of Hand Plastic Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Linping District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiaying Gu
- Department of Laboratory, Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital of Linping District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Yao
- Department of Hand Plastic Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Linping District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengyuan Wu
- Department of Hand Plastic Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Linping District, Hangzhou, China
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12
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Chen R, Niu L, Wu L, He Y, Liu G, Hong K. Identification of an endoplasmic reticulum stress-associated gene signature to predict the immune status and prognosis of cutaneous melanoma. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e30280. [PMID: 36086718 PMCID: PMC10980369 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000030280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides protecting normal cells from various internal and external perturbations, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is also directly related to the pathogenesis of cutaneous melanoma (CM). However, due to the lack of specific molecular biomarkers, ER stress has not been considered a novel treatment target for CM. Here, we identified ER stress-related genes involved in the prognosis of CM patients and constructed an effective model for the prognostic prediction of these patients. First, gene expression data of CM and normal skin tissues from the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases were retrieved to identify differentially expressed ER stress-related genes in CM. Meanwhile, an independent cohort obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database was used for validation. The ER stress genes (ZBP1, DIABLO, GNLY, FASLG, AURKA, TNFRSF21, and CD40LG) that were associated with CM prognosis were incorporated into our prognostic model. The functional analyses indicated that the prognostic model was correlated with patient survival, gender, and cancer growth. Multivariate and univariate Cox regressions revealed that the constructed model could serve as an independent prognostic factor for CM patients. The pathway enrichment analysis showed that the risk model was enriched in different immunity and cancer progression-associated pathways. Moreover, the signature model was significantly connected with the immune subtypes, infiltration of immune cells, immune microenvironment, as well as tumor stem cells. The gene function analysis revealed that 7 ER stress genes were differentially expressed in CM patients and were significantly associated with prognosis and several antitumor drugs. Overall, our current model presented predictive value for the prognosis of CM patients and can be further used in the development of novel therapeutic strategies for CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Chen
- Department of Hand Plastic Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Linping District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Linjun Niu
- Department of Oncology, Huaibei People’s Hospital, Anhui, China
| | - Liang Wu
- Department of Hand Plastic Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Linping District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Youwu He
- Department of Hand Plastic Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Linping District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Hand Plastic Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Linping District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kangjie Hong
- Department of Neurology, Chun’an First People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, China
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13
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Rong J, Wang H, Yao Y, Wu Z, Chen L, Jin C, Shi Z, Wu C, Hu X. Identification of m7G-associated lncRNA prognostic signature for predicting the immune status in cutaneous melanoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:5233-5249. [PMID: 35771136 PMCID: PMC9271298 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
RNA modifications, including RNA methylation, are widely existed in cutaneous melanoma (CM). Among epigenetic modifications, N7-methylguanosine (m7G) is a kind of modification at 5' cap of RNA which participate in maintaining the stability of mRNA and various cell biological processes. However, there is still no study concerning the relationship between CM and m7G methylation complexes, METTL1 and WDR4. Here, long non-coding RNA (lncRNAs) and gene expression data of CM from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were retrieved to identify differentially expressed m7G-related lncRNAs connected with overall survival of CM. Then, Cox regression analyses was applied to construct a lncRNA risk signature, the prognostic value of identified signature was further evaluated. As a result, 6 m7G-associated lncRNAs that were significantly related to CM prognosis were incorporated into our prognostic signature. The functional analyses indicated that the prognostic model was correlated with patient survival, cancer metastasis, and growth. Meanwhile, its diagnostic accuracy was better than conventional clinicopathological characteristics. The pathway enrichment analysis showed that the risk model was enriched in several immunity-associated pathways. Moreover, the signature model was significantly connected with the immune subtypes, infiltration of immune cells, immune microenvironment, as well as several m6A-related genes and tumor stem cells. Finally, a nomogram based on the calculated risk score was established. Overall, a risk signature based on 6 m7G-associated lncRNAs was generated which presented predictive value for the prognosis of CM patients and can be further used in the development of novel therapeutic strategies for CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jielin Rong
- Department of Hand Plastic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Linping District, Hangzhou 311199, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311199, China
| | - Yi Yao
- Department of Hand Plastic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Linping District, Hangzhou 311199, China
| | - Zhengyuan Wu
- Department of Hand Plastic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Linping District, Hangzhou 311199, China
| | - Leilei Chen
- Department of Hand Plastic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Linping District, Hangzhou 311199, China
| | - Chaojie Jin
- Department of Hand Plastic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Linping District, Hangzhou 311199, China
| | - Zhaoyang Shi
- Department of Hand Plastic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Linping District, Hangzhou 311199, China
| | - Cheng Wu
- Department of Hand Plastic Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Linping District, Hangzhou 311199, China
| | - Xueqing Hu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311199, China
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14
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Su Y, Chen X, Wang H, Sun L, Xu Y, Li D. Enhancing cell membrane phase separation for inhibiting cancer metastasis with a stimuli-responsive DNA nanodevice. Chem Sci 2022; 13:6303-6308. [PMID: 35733880 PMCID: PMC9159096 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc00371f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Phase separation in cell membranes promotes the assembly of transmembrane receptors to initiate signal transduction in response to environmental cues. Many cellular behaviors are manipulated by promoting membrane phase separation through binding to multivalent extracellular ligands. However, available extracellular molecule tools that enable manipulating the clustering of transmembrane receptors in a controllable manner are rare. In the present study, we report a DNA nanodevice that enhances membrane phase separation through the clustering of dynamic lipid rafts. This DNA nanodevice is anchored in the lipid raft region of the cell membrane and initiated by ATP. In a tumor microenvironment, this device could be activated to form a long DNA duplex on the cell membrane, which not only enhances membrane phase separation, but also blocks the interaction between the transmembrane surface adhesion receptor and extracellular matrix, leading to reduced migration. We demonstrate that the ATP-activated DNA nanodevice could inhibit cancer cell migration both in vitro and in vivo. The concept of using DNA to regulate membrane phase separation provides new possibilities for manipulating versatile cell functions through rational design of functional DNA structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Su
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University 200241 Shanghai China
| | - Xiaoqing Chen
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University 200241 Shanghai China
| | - Hui Wang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University 200241 Shanghai China
| | - Lele Sun
- School of Life Science, Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 China
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200025 China
| | - Di Li
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University 200241 Shanghai China
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15
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Thornton J, Chhabra G, Singh CK, Guzmán-Pérez G, Shirley CA, Ahmad N. Mechanisms of Immunotherapy Resistance in Cutaneous Melanoma: Recognizing a Shapeshifter. Front Oncol 2022; 12:880876. [PMID: 35515106 PMCID: PMC9066268 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.880876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is one of the seven most common cancers in the United States, and its incidence is still increasing. Since 2011, developments in targeted therapies and immunotherapies have been essential for significantly improving overall survival rates. Prior to the advent of targeted and immunotherapies, metastatic melanoma was considered a death sentence, with less than 5% of patients surviving more than 5 years. With the implementation of immunotherapies, approximately half of patients with metastatic melanoma now survive more than 5 years. Unfortunately, this also means that half of the patients with melanoma do not respond to current therapies and live less than 5 years after diagnosis. One major factor that contributes to lower response in this population is acquired or primary resistance to immunotherapies via tumor immune evasion. To improve the overall survival of melanoma patients new treatment strategies must be designed to minimize the risk of acquired resistance and overcome existing primary resistance. In recent years, many advances have been made in identifying and understanding the pathways that contribute to tumor immune evasion throughout the course of immunotherapy treatment. In addition, results from clinical trials focusing on treating patients with immunotherapy-resistant melanoma have reported some initial findings. In this review, we summarize important mechanisms that drive resistance to immunotherapies in patients with cutaneous melanoma. We have focused on tumor intrinsic characteristics of resistance, altered immune function, and systemic factors that contribute to immunotherapy resistance in melanoma. Exploring these pathways will hopefully yield novel strategies to prevent acquired resistance and overcome existing resistance to immunotherapy treatment in patients with cutaneous melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Thornton
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Gagan Chhabra
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Chandra K Singh
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | | | - Carl A Shirley
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Nihal Ahmad
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States.,William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, United States
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16
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Study of the molecular interaction between hormone and anti-cancer drug using DFT and vibrational spectroscopic methods. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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17
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Wu Z, Chen L, Jin C, Xu J, Zhang X, Yao Y. A novel pyroptosis-associated gene signature for immune status and prognosis of cutaneous melanoma. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12304. [PMID: 34721986 PMCID: PMC8520690 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cutaneous melanoma (CM) is a life-threatening destructive malignancy. Pyroptosis significantly correlates with programmed tumor cell death and its microenvironment through active host-tumor crosstalk. However, the prognostic value of pyroptosis-associated gene signatures in CM remains unclear. Methods Gene profiles and clinical data of patients with CM were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to identify differentially expressed genes associated with pyroptosis and overall survival (OS). We constructed a prognostic gene signature using LASSO analysis, then applied immune cell infiltration scores and Kaplan-Meier, Cox, and pathway enrichment analyses to determine the roles of the gene signature in CM. A validation cohort was collected from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Results Four pyroptosis-associated genes were identified and incorporated into a prognostic gene signature. Integrated bioinformatics findings showed that the signature correlated with patient survival and was associated with tumor growth and metastasis. The results of Gene Set Enrichment Analysis of a risk signature indicated that several enriched pathways are associated with cancer and immunity. The risk signature for immune status significantly correlated with tumor stem cells, the immune microenvironment, immune cell infiltration and immune subtypes. The expression of four pyroptosis genes significantly correlated with the OS of patients with CM and was related to the sensitivity of cancer cells to several antitumor drugs. A signature comprising four genes associated with pyroptosis offers a novel approach to the prognosis and survival of patients with CM and will facilitate the development of individualized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyuan Wu
- Yuhang First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Leilei Chen
- Yuhang First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chaojie Jin
- Yuhang First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Yuhang First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Yi Yao
- Yuhang First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
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18
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Kaehler M, Cascorbi I. Pharmacogenomics of Impaired Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Response: Lessons Learned From Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:696960. [PMID: 34262462 PMCID: PMC8273252 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.696960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of small molecules became one key cornerstone of targeted anti-cancer therapy. Among them, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are especially important, as they were the first molecules to proof the concept of targeted anti-cancer treatment. Since 2001, TKIs can be successfully used to treat chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). CML is a hematologic neoplasm, predominantly caused by reciprocal translocation t(9;22)(q34;q11) leading to formation of the so-called BCR-ABL1 fusion gene. By binding to the BCR-ABL1 kinase and inhibition of downstream target phosphorylation, TKIs, such as imatinib or nilotinib, can be used as single agents to treat CML patients resulting in 80 % 10-year survival rates. However, treatment failure can be observed in 20-25 % of CML patients occurring either dependent or independent from the BCR-ABL1 kinase. Here, we review approved TKIs that are indicated for the treatment of CML, their side effects and limitations. We point out mechanisms of TKI resistance focusing either on BCR-ABL1-dependent mechanisms by summarizing the clinically observed BCR-ABL1-mutations and their implications on TKI binding, as well as on BCR-ABL1-independent mechanisms of resistances. For the latter, we discuss potential mechanisms, among them cytochrome P450 implications, drug efflux transporter variants and expression, microRNA deregulation, as well as the role of alternative signaling pathways. Further, we give insights on how TKI resistance could be analyzed and what could be learned from studying TKI resistance in CML in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ingolf Cascorbi
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
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19
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Li Y, Qi J, Yang J. RTP4 is a novel prognosis-related hub gene in cutaneous melanoma. Hereditas 2021; 158:22. [PMID: 34154655 PMCID: PMC8215788 DOI: 10.1186/s41065-021-00183-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Melanoma accounts for 80% of skin cancer deaths. The pathogenesis of melanoma is regulated by gene networks. Thus, we aimed here to identify gene networks and hub genes associated with melanoma and to further identify their underlying mechanisms. METHODS GTEx (normal skin) and TCGA (melanoma tumor) RNA-seq datasets were employed for this purpose. We conducted weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to identify key modules and hub genes associated with melanoma. Log-rank analysis and multivariate Cox model analysis were performed to identify prognosis genes, which were validated using two independent melanoma datasets. We also evaluated the correlation between prognostic gene and immune cell infiltration. RESULTS The blue module was the most relevant for melanoma and was thus considered the key module. Intersecting genes were identified between this module and differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Finally, 72 genes were identified and verified as hub genes using the Oncomine database. Log-rank analysis and multivariate Cox model analysis identified 13 genes that were associated with the prognosis of the metastatic melanoma group, and RTP4 was validated as a prognostic gene using two independent melanoma datasets. RTP4 was not previously associated with melanoma. When we evaluated the correlation between prognostic gene and immune cell infiltration, we discovered that RTP4 was associated with immune cell infiltration. Further, RTP4 was significantly associated with genes encoding components of immune checkpoints (PDCD1, TIM-3, and LAG3). CONCLUSIONS RTP4 is a novel prognosis-related hub gene in cutaneous melanoma. The novel gene RTP4 identified here will facilitate the exploration of the molecular mechanism of the pathogenesis and progression of melanoma and the discovery of potential new target for drug therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqi Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Dali University, Dali, 671000, Yunnan, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine for Metabolic Diseases, Dali University, Dali, 671000, Yunnan, China
| | - Jue Qi
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650000, Yunnan, China
| | - Jiankang Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Dali University, Dali, 671000, Yunnan, China.
- Institute of Translational Medicine for Metabolic Diseases, Dali University, Dali, 671000, Yunnan, China.
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20
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Orlova KV, Ledin EV, Zhukova NV, Orlova RV, Karabina EV, Volkonskiy MV, Stroyakovskiy DL, Yurchenkov AN, Protsenko SA, Novik AV, Vorotilina LV, Moiseenko FV, Chang VL, Kazmin AI, Tkachenko SA, Gamaunov SV, Naskhletashvili DR, Samoylenko IV, Vikhrova AS, Utyashev IA, Kharkevich GY, Petenko NN, Shubina IZ, Demidov LV. Real-World Experience with Targeted Therapy in BRAF Mutant Advanced Melanoma Patients: Results from a Multicenter Retrospective Observational Study Advanced Melanoma in Russia (Experience) (ADMIRE). Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112529. [PMID: 34064013 PMCID: PMC8196785 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Advanced melanoma is a highly aggressive disease with a poor prognosis. Recent clinical trials have shown that targeted therapy (TT) and immunotherapy (IT) lead to significant improvements in responses to treatment and the survival of advanced melanoma patients. However, little information is available in the form of real-world data on treatment patterns and clinical outcomes for patients with advanced BRAF V600 mutant melanoma. To approach this issue, we performed a retrospective study that involved 382 patients with advanced BRAF V600 mutant melanoma, who received TT in twelve medical centers. Our objectives were to evaluate clinical outcomes in real-world settings, as well as treatment patterns, adverse events, objective response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Considering these parameters, the results demonstrated the effectiveness of combined TT with BRAF plus MEK inhibitors in patients with brain metastases and across all lines of therapy, which was well-tolerated and manageable and showed a high safety profile. Abstract Clinical trials of targeted therapy (TT) and immunotherapy (IT) for highly aggressive advanced melanoma have shown marked improvements in response and survival rates. However, real-world data on treatment patterns and clinical outcomes for patients with advanced BRAF V600 mutant melanoma are ultimately scarce. The study was designed as an observational retrospective chart review study, which included 382 patients with advanced BRAF V600 mutant melanoma, who received TT in a real-world setting and were not involved in clinical trials. The data were collected from twelve medical centers in Russia. The objective response rates (ORRs) to combined BRAFi plus MEKi and to BRAFi mono-therapy were 57.4% and 39.8%, respectively. The median progression-free survival (PFS) and median overall survival (OS) were 9.2 months and 22.6 months, respectively, for the combined first-line therapy; 9.4 months and 16.1 months, respectively, for the combined second-line therapy; and 7.4 months and 17.1 months, respectively, for the combined third- or higher-line therapy. Analysis of treatment patterns demonstrated the effectiveness of the combined TT with BRAF plus MEK inhibitors in patients with brain metastases, rare types of BRAF mutations, and across lines of therapy, as well as a well-tolerated and manageable safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina V. Orlova
- FSBI “N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (D.R.N.); (I.V.S.); (A.S.V.); (G.Y.K.); (N.N.P.); (L.V.D.)
- Association Professional Melanoma Society (MELANOMA.PRO), 119192 Moscow, Russia; (D.L.S.); (S.A.P.); (A.V.N.); (S.V.G.); (I.A.U.)
- Correspondence: (K.V.O.); (I.Z.S.)
| | | | - Natalia V. Zhukova
- SBHI of Saint-Petersburg “City Clinical Oncology Dispensary”, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (N.V.Z.); (R.V.O.)
- St Petersburg University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Rashida V. Orlova
- SBHI of Saint-Petersburg “City Clinical Oncology Dispensary”, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (N.V.Z.); (R.V.O.)
- St Petersburg University, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | | | | | - Daniil L. Stroyakovskiy
- Association Professional Melanoma Society (MELANOMA.PRO), 119192 Moscow, Russia; (D.L.S.); (S.A.P.); (A.V.N.); (S.V.G.); (I.A.U.)
- Moscow City Oncology Hospital No. 62, 143423 Moscow, Russia; (M.V.V.); (A.N.Y.)
| | | | - Svetlana A. Protsenko
- Association Professional Melanoma Society (MELANOMA.PRO), 119192 Moscow, Russia; (D.L.S.); (S.A.P.); (A.V.N.); (S.V.G.); (I.A.U.)
- FSBI “N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 197758 Saint Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Alexey V. Novik
- Association Professional Melanoma Society (MELANOMA.PRO), 119192 Moscow, Russia; (D.L.S.); (S.A.P.); (A.V.N.); (S.V.G.); (I.A.U.)
- FSBI “N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 197758 Saint Petersburg, Russia;
| | | | - Fedor V. Moiseenko
- FSBI “N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 197758 Saint Petersburg, Russia;
- SBHI “Saint-Petersburg Clinical Scientific and Practical Center for Specialized Types of Medical Care (Oncological)”, 197758 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Victor L. Chang
- SBHI “Tambov Region Oncology Dispensary”, 392000 Tambov, Russia;
| | - Aleksandr I. Kazmin
- BHI of Voronezh Region “Voronezh Region Clinical Oncology Dispensary”, 394036 Voronezh, Russia;
| | - Svetlana A. Tkachenko
- SBHI of Kaluga Region “Kaluga Region Clinical Oncology Dispensary”, 248007 Kaluga, Russia;
| | - Sergey V. Gamaunov
- Association Professional Melanoma Society (MELANOMA.PRO), 119192 Moscow, Russia; (D.L.S.); (S.A.P.); (A.V.N.); (S.V.G.); (I.A.U.)
- Chuvash Autonomous Institution “Republic Clinical Oncology Dispensary” of Chuvash Republic MoH, 428020 Cheboksary, Russia
| | - David R. Naskhletashvili
- FSBI “N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (D.R.N.); (I.V.S.); (A.S.V.); (G.Y.K.); (N.N.P.); (L.V.D.)
| | - Igor V. Samoylenko
- FSBI “N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (D.R.N.); (I.V.S.); (A.S.V.); (G.Y.K.); (N.N.P.); (L.V.D.)
- Association Professional Melanoma Society (MELANOMA.PRO), 119192 Moscow, Russia; (D.L.S.); (S.A.P.); (A.V.N.); (S.V.G.); (I.A.U.)
| | - Anastasia S. Vikhrova
- FSBI “N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (D.R.N.); (I.V.S.); (A.S.V.); (G.Y.K.); (N.N.P.); (L.V.D.)
| | - Igor A. Utyashev
- Association Professional Melanoma Society (MELANOMA.PRO), 119192 Moscow, Russia; (D.L.S.); (S.A.P.); (A.V.N.); (S.V.G.); (I.A.U.)
- Institute of Oncology, Hadassah Medical Moscow, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - Galina Yu. Kharkevich
- FSBI “N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (D.R.N.); (I.V.S.); (A.S.V.); (G.Y.K.); (N.N.P.); (L.V.D.)
- Association Professional Melanoma Society (MELANOMA.PRO), 119192 Moscow, Russia; (D.L.S.); (S.A.P.); (A.V.N.); (S.V.G.); (I.A.U.)
| | - Natalia N. Petenko
- FSBI “N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (D.R.N.); (I.V.S.); (A.S.V.); (G.Y.K.); (N.N.P.); (L.V.D.)
| | - Irina Zh. Shubina
- FSBI “N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (D.R.N.); (I.V.S.); (A.S.V.); (G.Y.K.); (N.N.P.); (L.V.D.)
- Association Professional Melanoma Society (MELANOMA.PRO), 119192 Moscow, Russia; (D.L.S.); (S.A.P.); (A.V.N.); (S.V.G.); (I.A.U.)
- Correspondence: (K.V.O.); (I.Z.S.)
| | - Lev V. Demidov
- FSBI “N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 115478 Moscow, Russia; (D.R.N.); (I.V.S.); (A.S.V.); (G.Y.K.); (N.N.P.); (L.V.D.)
- Association Professional Melanoma Society (MELANOMA.PRO), 119192 Moscow, Russia; (D.L.S.); (S.A.P.); (A.V.N.); (S.V.G.); (I.A.U.)
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21
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Apelin promotes blood and lymph vessel formation and the growth of melanoma lung metastasis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5798. [PMID: 33707612 PMCID: PMC7952702 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85162-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Apelin, a ligand of the APJ receptor, is overexpressed in several human cancers and plays an important role in tumor angiogenesis and growth in various experimental systems. We investigated the role of apelin signaling in the malignant behavior of cutaneous melanoma. Murine B16 and human A375 melanoma cell lines were stably transfected with apelin encoding or control vectors. Apelin overexpression significantly increased melanoma cell migration and invasion in vitro, but it had no impact on its proliferation. In our in vivo experiments, apelin significantly increased the number and size of lung metastases of murine melanoma cells. Melanoma cell proliferation rates and lymph and blood microvessel densities were significantly higher in the apelin-overexpressing pulmonary metastases. APJ inhibition by the competitive APJ antagonist MM54 significantly attenuated the in vivo pro-tumorigenic effects of apelin. Additionally, we detected significantly elevated circulating apelin and VEGF levels in patients with melanoma compared to healthy controls. Our results show that apelin promotes blood and lymphatic vascularization and the growth of pulmonary metastases of skin melanoma. Further studies are warranted to validate apelin signaling as a new potential therapeutic target in this malignancy.
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22
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Wu X, Zhao J. Novel oxidative stress-related prognostic biomarkers for melanoma associated with tumor metastasis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e24866. [PMID: 33663112 PMCID: PMC7909214 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000024866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) is a prevalent skin cancer whose metastatic form is dangerous due to its high morbidity and mortality. Previous studies have systematically established the vital role of oxidative stress (OS) in melanoma progression. This study aimed to identify prognostic OS genes closely associated with SKCM and illustrate their potential mechanisms. Transcriptome data and corresponding clinical traits of patients with SKCM were retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus databases. A weighted gene co-expression network analysis was conducted to identify relationships between clinical features and OS genes in specific modules. Subsequently, Cox regression analysis was performed on candidate OS genes; four hub prognosis-associated OS genes (AKAP9, VPS13C, ACSL4, and HMOX2) were identified to construct a prognostic model. After a series of bioinformatics analysis, our prognostic model was identified significantly associated with the overall survival of patients with SKCM and metastatic ability of the cancer. Furthermore, our risk model demonstrated improved diagnostic accuracy in the Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus cohorts. In addition, we established 2 nomograms based on either risk score or hub genes, which displayed favorable discriminating ability for SKCM. Our results provide novel insight into the potential applications of OS-associated genes in SKCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianpei Wu
- Department of Orthopedics Trauma and Hand Surgery
| | - Jinmin Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics Trauma and Hand Surgery
- Guangxi Engineering Center in Biomedical Materials for Tissue and Organ Regeneration
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, P.R. China
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23
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Pinzani P, D'Argenio V, Del Re M, Pellegrini C, Cucchiara F, Salvianti F, Galbiati S. Updates on liquid biopsy: current trends and future perspectives for clinical application in solid tumors. Clin Chem Lab Med 2021; 59:1181-1200. [PMID: 33544478 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2020-1685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Despite advances in screening and therapeutics cancer continues to be one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The molecular profile of tumor is routinely assessed by surgical or bioptic samples, however, genotyping of tissue has inherent limitations: it represents a single snapshot in time and it is subjected to spatial selection bias owing to tumor heterogeneity. Liquid biopsy has emerged as a novel, non-invasive opportunity of detecting and monitoring cancer in several body fluids instead of tumor tissue. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), RNA (mRNA and microRNA), microvesicles, including exosomes and tumor "educated platelets" were recently identified as a source of genomic information in cancer patients which could reflect all subclones present in primary and metastatic lesions allowing sequential monitoring of disease evolution. In this review, we summarize the currently available information concerning liquid biopsy in breast cancer, colon cancer, lung cancer and melanoma. These promising issues still need to be standardized and harmonized across laboratories, before fully adopting liquid biopsy approaches into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Pinzani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Valeria D'Argenio
- Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele Open University, Rome, Italy.,CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | - Marzia Del Re
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Cristina Pellegrini
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Federico Cucchiara
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Salvianti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Silvia Galbiati
- Diabetes Research Institute, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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24
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Development of an immune-related gene pairs index for the prognosis analysis of metastatic melanoma. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1253. [PMID: 33441929 PMCID: PMC7806975 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80858-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a skin cancer with great metastatic potential, which is responsible for the major deaths in skin cancer. Although the prognosis of melanoma patients has been improved with the comprehensive treatment, for patients with metastasis, the complexity and heterogeneity of diffuse diseases make prognosis prediction and systematic treatment difficult and ineffective. Therefore, we established a novel personalized immune-related gene pairs index (IRGPI) to predict the prognosis of patients with metastatic melanoma, which was conducive to provide new insights into clinical decision-making and prognostic monitoring for metastatic melanoma. Through complex analysis and filtering, we identified 24 immune-related gene pairs to build the model and obtained the optimal cut-off value from receiver operating characteristic curves, which divided the patients into high and low immune-risk groups. Meantime, the Kaplan–Meier analysis, Cox regression analysis and subgroup analysis showed that IRGPI had excellent prognostic value. Furthermore, IRGPI was shown that was closely associated with immune system in the subsequent tumor microenvironment analysis and gene set enrichment analysis. In addition, we broken through the data processing limitations of traditional researches in different platforms through the application of gene pairs, which would provide great credibility for our model. We believe that our research would provide a new perspective for clinical decision-making and prognostic monitoring in metastatic melanoma.
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25
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Cheng S, Li Z, Zhang W, Sun Z, Fan Z, Luo J, Liu H. Identification of IL10RA by Weighted Correlation Network Analysis and in vitro Validation of Its Association With Prognosis of Metastatic Melanoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:630790. [PMID: 33490091 PMCID: PMC7820192 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.630790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) is the major cause of death for skin cancer patients, its high metastasis often leads to poor prognosis of patients with malignant melanoma. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying metastatic melanoma remain to be elucidated. In this study we aim to identify and validate prognostic biomarkers associated with metastatic melanoma. We first construct a co-expression network using large-scale public gene expression profiles from GEO, from which candidate genes are screened out using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). A total of eight modules are established via the average linkage hierarchical clustering, and 111 hub genes are identified from the clinically significant modules. Next, two other datasets from GEO and TCGA are used for further screening of biomarker genes related to prognosis of metastatic melanoma, and identified 11 key genes via survival analysis. We find that IL10RA has the highest correlation with clinically important modules among all identified biomarker genes. Further in vitro biochemical experiments, including CCK8 assays, wound-healing assays and transwell assays, have verified that IL10RA can significantly inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion of melanoma cells. Furthermore, gene set enrichment analysis shows that PI3K-AKT signaling pathway is significantly enriched in metastatic melanoma with highly expressed IL10RA, indicating that IL10RA mediates in metastatic melanoma via PI3K-AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Cheng
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China.,Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhao Zhang
- Aliyun School of Big Data, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Zhiqiang Sun
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Zhigang Fan
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated 3201 Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Hanzhong, China
| | - Judong Luo
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Aliyun School of Big Data, Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
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26
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Obeid MA, Aljabali AAA, Rezigue M, Amawi H, Alyamani H, Abdeljaber SN, Ferro VA. Use of Nanoparticles in Delivery of Nucleic Acids for Melanoma Treatment. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2265:591-620. [PMID: 33704742 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1205-7_41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma accounts for 4% of all skin cancer malignancies, with only 14% of diagnosed patients surviving for more than 5 years after diagnosis. Until now, there is no clear understanding of the detailed molecular contributors of melanoma pathogenesis. Accordingly, more research is needed to understand melanoma development and prognosis.All the treatment approaches that are currently applied have several significant limitations that prevent effective use in melanoma. One major limitation in the treatment of cancer is the acquisition of multidrug resistance (MDR). The MDR results in significant treatment failure and poor clinical outcomes in several cancers, including skin cancer. Treatment of melanoma is especially retarded by MDR. Despite the current advances in targeted and immune-mediated therapy, treatment arms of melanoma are severely limited and stand as a significant clinical challenge. Further, the poor pharmacokinetic profile of currently used chemotherapeutic agents is another reason for treatment failure. Therefore, more research is needed to develop novel drugs and carrier tools for more effective and targeted treatment.Nucleic acid therapy is based on nucleic acids or chemical compounds that are closely related, such as antisense oligonucleotides, aptamers, and small-interfering RNAs that are usually used in situations when a specific gene implicated in a disorder is deemed a therapeutically beneficial target for inhibition. However, the proper application for nucleic acid therapies is hampered by the development of an effective delivery system that can maintain their stability in the systemic circulation and enhance their uptake by the target cells. In this chapter, the prognosis of the different types of melanoma along with the currently used medications is highlighted, and the different types of nucleic acids along with the currently available nanoparticle systems for delivering these nucleic acids into melanoma cells are discussed. We also discuss recently conducted research on the use of different types of nanoparticles for nucleic acid delivery into melanoma cells and highlight the most significant outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A Obeid
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan.
| | - Alaa A A Aljabali
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Meriem Rezigue
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Haneen Amawi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Hanin Alyamani
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Shatha N Abdeljaber
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Valerie A Ferro
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
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Triphenylphosphonium derivatives disrupt metabolism and inhibit melanoma growth in vivo when delivered via a thermosensitive hydrogel. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0244540. [PMID: 33378390 PMCID: PMC7773266 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite dramatic improvements in outcomes arising from the introduction of targeted therapies and immunotherapies, metastatic melanoma is a highly resistant form of cancer with 5 year survival rates of <35%. Drug resistance is frequently reported to be associated with changes in oxidative metabolism that lead to malignancy that is non-responsive to current treatments. The current report demonstrates that triphenylphosphonium(TPP)-based lipophilic cations can be utilized to induce cytotoxicity in pre-clinical models of malignant melanoma by disrupting mitochondrial metabolism. In vitro experiments demonstrated that TPP-derivatives modified with aliphatic side chains accumulated in melanoma cell mitochondria; disrupted mitochondrial metabolism; led to increases in steady-state levels of reactive oxygen species; decreased total glutathione; increased the fraction of glutathione disulfide; and caused cell killing by a thiol-dependent process that could be rescued by N-acetylcysteine. Furthermore, TPP-derivative-induced melanoma toxicity was enhanced by glutathione depletion (using buthionine sulfoximine) as well as inhibition of thioredoxin reductase (using auranofin). In addition, there was a structure-activity relationship between the aliphatic side-chain length of TPP-derivatives (5–16 carbons), where longer carbon chains increased melanoma cell metabolic disruption and cell killing. In vivo bio-distribution experiments showed that intratumoral administration of a C14-TPP-derivative (12-carbon aliphatic chain), using a slow-release thermosensitive hydrogel as a delivery vehicle, localized the drug at the melanoma tumor site. There, it was observed to persist and decrease the growth rate of melanoma tumors. These results demonstrate that TPP-derivatives selectively induce thiol-dependent metabolic oxidative stress and cell killing in malignant melanoma and support the hypothesis that a hydrogel-based TPP-derivative delivery system could represent a therapeutic drug-delivery strategy for melanoma.
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28
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Designed nanomolar small-molecule inhibitors of Ena/VASP EVH1 interaction impair invasion and extravasation of breast cancer cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:29684-29690. [PMID: 33184177 PMCID: PMC7703624 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2007213117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein–protein interactions mediated by proline-rich motifs are involved in regulation of many important signaling cascades. These motifs belong to the most abundant recognition motifs in the eukaryotic genome and preferentially adopt a left-handed polyproline helix II, a secondary structure element that has been notoriously difficult to mimic with small molecules. Here, we present a structure-guided design effort yielding a toolkit of chemical entities that enables rational construction of selective small molecule inhibitors for these protein domains. We succeeded in developing an inhibitor for the Ena/VASP protein family that is active in vivo and reduces extravasation of invasive breast cancer cells in a zebrafish model. Battling metastasis through inhibition of cell motility is considered a promising approach to support cancer therapies. In this context, Ena/VASP-depending signaling pathways, in particular interactions with their EVH1 domains, are promising targets for pharmaceutical intervention. However, protein–protein interactions involving proline-rich segments are notoriously difficult to address by small molecules. Hence, structure-based design efforts in combination with the chemical synthesis of additional molecular entities are required. Building on a previously developed nonpeptidic micromolar inhibitor, we determined 22 crystal structures of ENAH EVH1 in complex with inhibitors and rationally extended our library of conformationally defined proline-derived modules (ProMs) to succeed in developing a nanomolar inhibitor (Kd=120 nM,MW=734 Da). In contrast to the previous inhibitor, the optimized compounds reduced extravasation of invasive breast cancer cells in a zebrafish model. This study represents an example of successful, structure-guided development of low molecular weight inhibitors specifically and selectively addressing a proline-rich sequence-recognizing domain that is characterized by a shallow epitope lacking defined binding pockets. The evolved high-affinity inhibitor may now serve as a tool in validating the basic therapeutic concept, i.e., the suppression of cancer metastasis by inhibiting a crucial protein–protein interaction involved in actin filament processing and cell migration.
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29
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In silico evaluation of some 4-(quinolin-2-yl)pyrimidin-2-amine derivatives as potent V600E-BRAF inhibitors with pharmacokinetics ADMET and drug-likeness predictions. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-020-00084-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The resistance of V600E-BRAF to the vemurafenib and the side effects of the identified inhibitors trigger the research for a novel and more potent anti-melanoma agents. In this study, virtual docking screening along with pharmacokinetics ADMET and drug-likeness predictions were combined to evaluate some 4-(quinolin-2-yl)pyrimidin-2-amine derivatives as potent V600E-BRAF inhibitors.
Results
Some of the selected compounds exhibited better binding scores and favorable interaction with the V600E-BRAF enzyme. Out of the screened compounds, two most potent (5 and 9) having good Rerank scores (− 128.011 and − 126.258) emerged as effective and potent V600E-BRAF inhibitors that outperformed the FDA-approved V600E-BRAF inhibitor (vemurafenib, − 118.607). Thus, the molecular docking studies revealed that the studied compounds showed competing for inhibition of V600E-BRAF with vemurafenib at the binding site and possessed better pharmacological parameters based on the drug-likeness rules filters for the oral bioavailability, and ADMET risk parameters.
Conclusion
The docking analysis, drug-likeness rules filters, and ADMET study identified compounds (5 and 9) as the best hits against V600E-BRAF kinase with enhanced pharmacological properties. This recommends that these compounds may be developed as potent anti-melanoma agents.
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30
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Wang B, Li Y, Kou C, Sun J, Xu X. Mining Database for the Clinical Significance and Prognostic Value of ESRP1 in Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:4985014. [PMID: 32964032 PMCID: PMC7492958 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4985014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelial splicing regulatory protein 1 (ESRP1) has been described as an RNA-binding protein involved in cancer development. However, the expression and regulatory network of ESRP1 in cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) remain unclear. METHODS From the sequencing data of 103 CMM samples in The Cancer Genome Atlas database, the expression level of ESRP1 and its correlation with the clinicopathological characteristics were analyzed using the Oncomine 4.5, Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA), and UALCAN tools, while LinkedOmics was used to identify differential gene expression with ESRP1 and to analyze Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways. Gene enrichment analysis examined target networks of kinases, miRNAs, and transcription factors. Finally, TIMER was used to analyze the relationship between ESRP1 and tumor immune cell infiltration. RESULTS We found that ESRP1 was lowly expressed in CMM tissues, and a low level of ESRP1 expression correlated with better overall survival. Expression of this gene was linked to functional networks involving the condensed chromosomes, epidermal development, and translation initiation. Functional network analysis suggested that ESRP1 regulated ribosome metabolism, drug metabolism, and chemical carcinogenesis via pathways involving several cancer-related kinases, miRNAs, and transcription factors. Furthermore, our results suggested that ESRP1 played an important role in regulating tumor-associated macrophage polarization, dendritic cell infiltration, Treg cells, and T cell exhaustion. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates ESRP1 expression, prognostic value, and potential regulatory networks in CMM, thereby shedding light on the clinical significance of ESRP1, and provides a novel biomarker for determining prognosis and immune infiltration in CMM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baihe Wang
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 12 Jiangwangmiao Street, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Qingdao Municipal Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Caixia Kou
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 12 Jiangwangmiao Street, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Jianfang Sun
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 12 Jiangwangmiao Street, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Xiulian Xu
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 12 Jiangwangmiao Street, Nanjing 210042, China
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31
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Liu L, Yue Q, Ma J, Liu Y, Zhao T, Guo W, Zhu G, Guo S, Wang S, Gao T, Li C, Shi Q. POU4F1 promotes the resistance of melanoma to BRAF inhibitors through MEK/ERK pathway activation and MITF up-regulation. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:451. [PMID: 32532957 PMCID: PMC7293281 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2662-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BRAF inhibitors (BRAFi) have shown remarkable clinical efficacy in the treatment of melanoma with BRAF mutation. Nevertheless, most patients end up with the development of BRAFi resistance, which strongly limits the clinical application of these agents. POU4F1 is a stem cell-associated transcriptional factor that is highly expressed in melanoma cells and contributes to BRAF-activated malignant transformation. However, whether POU4F1 contributes to the resistance of melanoma to BRAFi remains poorly understood. Here, we report that over-expressed POU4F1 contributed to the acquired resistance of melanoma cells to Vemurafenib. Furthermore, POU4F1 promoted the activation of ERK signaling pathway via transcriptional regulation on MEK expression. In addition, POU4F1 could increase the expression of MITF to retain the resistance of melanoma cells to BRAFi. Collectively, our findings reveal that POU4F1 re-activates the MAPK pathway by transcriptional regulation on MEK expression and promotes MITF expression, which ultimately results in the resistance to BRAFi in melanoma. Our study supports that POU4F1 is a potential combined therapeutic target with BRAFi therapy for melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiao Yue
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jingjing Ma
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tao Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Weinan Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guannan Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Sen Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shiyu Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tianwen Gao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chunying Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Qiong Shi
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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32
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Kim Y, Gil J, Pla I, Sanchez A, Betancourt LH, Lee B, Appelqvist R, Ingvar C, Lundgren L, Olsson H, Baldetorp B, Kwon HJ, Oskolás H, Rezeli M, Doma V, Kárpáti S, Szasz AM, Németh IB, Malm J, Marko-Varga G. Protein Expression in Metastatic Melanoma and the Link to Disease Presentation in a Range of Tumor Phenotypes. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E767. [PMID: 32213878 PMCID: PMC7140007 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12030767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is among the most aggressive skin cancers and it has among the highest metastatic potentials. Although surgery to remove the primary tumor is the gold standard treatment, once melanoma progresses and metastasizes to the lymph nodes and distal organs, i.e., metastatic melanoma (MM), the usual outcome is decreased survival. To improve survival rates and life span, advanced treatments have focused on the success of targeted therapies in the MAPK pathway that are based on BRAF (BRAF V600E) and MEK. The majority of patients with tumors that have higher expression of BRAF V600E show poorer prognosis than patients with a lower level of the mutated protein. Based on the molecular basis of melanoma, these findings are supported by distinct tumor phenotypes determined from differences in tumor heterogeneity and protein expression profiles. With these aspects in mind, continued challenges are to: (1) deconvolute the complexity and heterogeneity of MM; (2) identify the signaling pathways involved; and (3) determine protein expression to develop targeted therapies. Here, we provide an overview of the results from protein expression in MM and the link to disease presentation in a variety of tumor phenotypes and how these will overcome the challenges of clinical problems and suggest new promising approaches in metastatic melanoma and cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghyo Kim
- Clinical Protein Science & Imaging, Biomedical Centre, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden; (J.G.); (I.P.); (A.S.); (L.H.B.); (B.L.); (R.A.); (H.O.); (M.R.); (A.M.S.); (J.M.); (G.M.-V.)
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, 221 85 Lund, Sweden; (L.L.); (H.O.); (B.B.)
| | - Jeovanis Gil
- Clinical Protein Science & Imaging, Biomedical Centre, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden; (J.G.); (I.P.); (A.S.); (L.H.B.); (B.L.); (R.A.); (H.O.); (M.R.); (A.M.S.); (J.M.); (G.M.-V.)
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, 221 85 Lund, Sweden; (L.L.); (H.O.); (B.B.)
| | - Indira Pla
- Clinical Protein Science & Imaging, Biomedical Centre, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden; (J.G.); (I.P.); (A.S.); (L.H.B.); (B.L.); (R.A.); (H.O.); (M.R.); (A.M.S.); (J.M.); (G.M.-V.)
- Section for Clinical Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Aniel Sanchez
- Clinical Protein Science & Imaging, Biomedical Centre, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden; (J.G.); (I.P.); (A.S.); (L.H.B.); (B.L.); (R.A.); (H.O.); (M.R.); (A.M.S.); (J.M.); (G.M.-V.)
- Section for Clinical Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Lazaro Hiram Betancourt
- Clinical Protein Science & Imaging, Biomedical Centre, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden; (J.G.); (I.P.); (A.S.); (L.H.B.); (B.L.); (R.A.); (H.O.); (M.R.); (A.M.S.); (J.M.); (G.M.-V.)
| | - Boram Lee
- Clinical Protein Science & Imaging, Biomedical Centre, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden; (J.G.); (I.P.); (A.S.); (L.H.B.); (B.L.); (R.A.); (H.O.); (M.R.); (A.M.S.); (J.M.); (G.M.-V.)
| | - Roger Appelqvist
- Clinical Protein Science & Imaging, Biomedical Centre, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden; (J.G.); (I.P.); (A.S.); (L.H.B.); (B.L.); (R.A.); (H.O.); (M.R.); (A.M.S.); (J.M.); (G.M.-V.)
| | - Christian Ingvar
- Department of Surgery, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital Lund, 222 42 Lund, Sweden;
| | - Lotta Lundgren
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, 221 85 Lund, Sweden; (L.L.); (H.O.); (B.B.)
| | - Håkan Olsson
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, 221 85 Lund, Sweden; (L.L.); (H.O.); (B.B.)
| | - Bo Baldetorp
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, 221 85 Lund, Sweden; (L.L.); (H.O.); (B.B.)
| | - Ho Jeong Kwon
- Chemical Genomics Global Research Lab, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea;
| | - Henriett Oskolás
- Clinical Protein Science & Imaging, Biomedical Centre, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden; (J.G.); (I.P.); (A.S.); (L.H.B.); (B.L.); (R.A.); (H.O.); (M.R.); (A.M.S.); (J.M.); (G.M.-V.)
| | - Melinda Rezeli
- Clinical Protein Science & Imaging, Biomedical Centre, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden; (J.G.); (I.P.); (A.S.); (L.H.B.); (B.L.); (R.A.); (H.O.); (M.R.); (A.M.S.); (J.M.); (G.M.-V.)
| | - Viktoria Doma
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (V.D.); (S.K.)
| | - Sarolta Kárpáti
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (V.D.); (S.K.)
| | - A. Marcell Szasz
- Clinical Protein Science & Imaging, Biomedical Centre, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden; (J.G.); (I.P.); (A.S.); (L.H.B.); (B.L.); (R.A.); (H.O.); (M.R.); (A.M.S.); (J.M.); (G.M.-V.)
- Department of Bioinformatics, Semmelweis University, 1091 Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Balázs Németh
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Johan Malm
- Clinical Protein Science & Imaging, Biomedical Centre, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden; (J.G.); (I.P.); (A.S.); (L.H.B.); (B.L.); (R.A.); (H.O.); (M.R.); (A.M.S.); (J.M.); (G.M.-V.)
- Section for Clinical Chemistry, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden
| | - György Marko-Varga
- Clinical Protein Science & Imaging, Biomedical Centre, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, 221 84 Lund, Sweden; (J.G.); (I.P.); (A.S.); (L.H.B.); (B.L.); (R.A.); (H.O.); (M.R.); (A.M.S.); (J.M.); (G.M.-V.)
- Chemical Genomics Global Research Lab, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea;
- Department of Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjiku Shinjiku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
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Jokar N, Assadi M, Yordanova A, Ahmadzadehfar H. Bench-to-Bedside Theranostics in Nuclear Medicine. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:3804-3811. [PMID: 32067609 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200218104313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The optimum selection of the appropriate radiolabelled probe for the right target and the right patient is the foundation of theranostics in personalised medicine. In nuclear medicine, this process is realised through the appropriate choice of radiopharmaceuticals based on molecular biomarkers regarding molecular imaging. Theranostics is developing a strategy that can be used to implement accepted tools for individual molecular targeting, including diagnostics, and advances in genomic molecular knowledge, which has led to identifying theranostics biomaterials that have the potency to diagnose and treat malignancies. Today, numerous studies have reported on the discovery and execution of these radiotracers in personalised medicine. In this review, we presented our point of view of the most important theranostics agents that can be used to treat several types of malignancies. Molecular targeted radionuclide treatment methods based on theranostics are excellent paradigms of the relationship between molecular imaging and therapy that has been used to provide individualised or personalised patient care. Toward that end, a precise planned prospective examination of theranostics must be done to compare this approach to more standard therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Jokar
- The Persian Gulf Nuclear Medicine Research Center, Department of Molecular Imaging and Radionuclide Therapy (MIRT), Bushehr Medical University Hospital, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Majid Assadi
- The Persian Gulf Nuclear Medicine Research Center, Department of Molecular Imaging and Radionuclide Therapy (MIRT), Bushehr Medical University Hospital, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Anna Yordanova
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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de Almeida LY, Mariano FS, Bastos DC, Cavassani KA, Raphelson J, Mariano VS, Agostini M, Moreira FS, Coletta RD, Mattos-Graner RO, Graner E. The antimetastatic activity of orlistat is accompanied by an antitumoral immune response in mouse melanoma. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2019; 85:321-330. [PMID: 31863126 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-019-04010-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Fatty acid synthase (FASN), the multifunctional enzyme responsible for endogenous fatty acid synthesis, is highly expressed and associated with poor prognosis in several human cancers, including melanoma. Our group has previously shown that pharmacological inhibition of FASN with orlistat decreases proliferation, promotes apoptosis, and reduces the metastatic spread of B16-F10 cells in experimental models of melanoma. While most of the orlistat antitumor properties seem to be closely related to direct effects on malignant cells, its impact on the host immune system is still unknown. METHODS The effects of orlistat on the phenotype and activation status of infiltrating leukocytes in primary tumors and metastatic lymph nodes were assessed using a model of spontaneous melanoma metastasis (B16-F10 cells/C57BL/6 mice). Cells from the primary tumors and lymph nodes were mechanically dissociated and immune cells phenotyped by flow cytometry. The expression of IL-12p35, IL-12p40, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was analyzed by qRT-PCR and production of nitrite (NO2-) evaluated in serum samples with the Griess method. RESULTS Orlistat-treated mice exhibited a 25% reduction in the number of mediastinal lymph node metastases (mean 3.96 ± 0.78, 95% CI 3.63-4.28) compared to the controls (mean 5.7 ± 1.72; 95% CI 5.01-6.43). The drug elicited an antitumor immune response against experimental melanomas by increasing maturation of intratumoral dendritic cells (DC), stimulating the expression of cytotoxicity markers in CD8 T lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells, as well as reducing regulatory T cells (Tregs). Moreover, the orlistat-treatment increased serum levels of nitric oxide (NO) concentrations. CONCLUSION Taken together, these findings suggest that orlistat supports an antitumor response against experimental melanomas by increasing CD80/CD81-positive and IL-12-positive DC populations, granzyme b/NKG2D-positive NK populations, and perforin/granzyme b-positive CD8 T lymphocytes as well as reducing Tregs counts within experimental melanomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Y de Almeida
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry of Piracicaba, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil. Av. Limeira 901, CP 52, Areão, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Flávia S Mariano
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry of Piracicaba, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil. Av. Limeira 901, CP 52, Areão, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Débora C Bastos
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry of Piracicaba, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil. Av. Limeira 901, CP 52, Areão, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Karen A Cavassani
- Urologic Oncology Program/Uro-Oncology Research Laboratories, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Janna Raphelson
- Urologic Oncology Program/Uro-Oncology Research Laboratories, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Vânia S Mariano
- Department of Basic and Applied Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michelle Agostini
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda S Moreira
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry of Piracicaba, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil. Av. Limeira 901, CP 52, Areão, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Ricardo D Coletta
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry of Piracicaba, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil. Av. Limeira 901, CP 52, Areão, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Renata O Mattos-Graner
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry of Piracicaba, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil. Av. Limeira 901, CP 52, Areão, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Edgard Graner
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, School of Dentistry of Piracicaba, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil. Av. Limeira 901, CP 52, Areão, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil.
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Benitez MLR, Bender CB, Oliveira TL, Schachtschneider KM, Collares T, Seixas FK. Mycobacterium bovis BCG in metastatic melanoma therapy. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:7903-7916. [PMID: 31402426 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10057-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer, with a high mortality rate and with 96,480 new cases expected in 2019 in the USS. BRAFV600E, the most common driver mutation, is found in around 50% of melanomas, contributing to tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastatic progression. Dacarbazine (DTIC), an alkylate agent, was the first chemotherapeutic agent approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) used as a standard treatment. Since then, immunotherapies have been approved for metastatic melanoma (MM) including ipilimumab and pembrolizumab checkpoint inhibitors that help decrease the risk of progression. Moreover, Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) serves as an adjuvant therapy that induces the recruitment of natural killer NK, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells and contributes to antitumor immunity. BCG can be administered in combination with chemotherapeutic and immunotherapeutic agents and can be genetically manipulated to produce recombinant BCG (rBCG) strains that express heterologous proteins or overexpress immunogenic proteins, increasing the immune response and improving patient survival. In this review, we highlight several studies utilizing rBCG immunotherapy for MM in combination with other therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Lucia Ruiz Benitez
- Laboratory of Cancer Biotechnology, Technology Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Camila Bonnemann Bender
- Laboratory of Cancer Biotechnology, Technology Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Thaís Larré Oliveira
- Laboratory of Cancer Biotechnology, Technology Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Kyle M Schachtschneider
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Tiago Collares
- Laboratory of Cancer Biotechnology, Technology Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Kömmling Seixas
- Laboratory of Cancer Biotechnology, Technology Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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Ma FC, He RQ, Lin P, Zhong JC, Ma J, Yang H, Hu XH, Chen G. Profiling of prognostic alternative splicing in melanoma. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:1081-1088. [PMID: 31423168 PMCID: PMC6607279 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing can lead to the coding of proteins that act as promoters of cancer, which is associated with the progression of cancer. However, to the best of our knowledge, no systematic survival analysis of alternative splicing in melanoma has previously been reported. The present study conducted an in-depth analysis of integrated alternative splicing events detected in 96 patients with melanoma using data obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Prognostic models and an alternative splicing correlation network were built for patients with melanoma. A total of 41,446 mRNA splicing events were detected in 9,780 genes and 2,348 alternative splicing events were identified to be significantly associated with overall survival of patients with melanoma. Of all the events used in the prognostic model, the model with alternate terminator alternative splicing events exhibited the highest efficiency for evaluating the outcome of patients with melanoma, with an area under the curve of 0.902. The present study identified prognostic predictors for melanoma and revealed alternative splicing networks in melanoma that could indicate underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Chao Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Rong-Quan He
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Peng Lin
- Ultrasonics Division of Radiology Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Cai Zhong
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Jie Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Hong Yang
- Ultrasonics Division of Radiology Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Hua Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
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Shergold AL, Millar R, Nibbs RJ. Understanding and overcoming the resistance of cancer to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. Pharmacol Res 2019; 145:104258. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Kim SH, Kim H, Lee JH, Park JW. Oxalomalate suppresses metastatic melanoma through IDH-targeted stress response to ROS. Free Radic Res 2019; 53:418-429. [DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2019.1597974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sung Hwan Kim
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjin Kim
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hyup Lee
- Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeen-Woo Park
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Abdel-Maksoud MS, Ammar UM, Oh CH. Anticancer profile of newly synthesized BRAF inhibitors possess 5-(pyrimidin-4-yl)imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole scaffold. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:2041-2051. [PMID: 30955995 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.03.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a new series of imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole was designed and synthesized. The new compounds are having 3-fluorophenyl at position 6 of imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole and pyrimidine ring at position 5. The pyrimidine ring containing either amide or sulphonamide moiety attached to a linker (ethyl or propyl) at position 2 of the pyrimidine ring. The final compounds were selected by NCI for in vitro cytotoxicity screening. Most derivatives showed cytotoxic activity against colon cancer and melanoma cell lines. In addition, IC50s of the target compounds were determined over A375 and SK-MEL-28 cell lines using sorafenib as positive control. Compounds12b, 12c, 12e, 12f, 15a, 15d, 15f, 14g and 15h exhibited superior activity when compared to sorafenib. The most potent compounds were tested against wild type BRAF, v600e BRAF, and CRAF. Compound 15h exhibited a potential inhibitory effect againstV600EBRAF (IC50 = 9.3 nM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed S Abdel-Maksoud
- Medicinal & Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Division, National Research Centre (NRC), Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Usama M Ammar
- Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science & Technology (KIST School), Seoul, Seongbuk-gu 02792, Republic of Korea; University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, Yuseong-gu 34113, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, Yuseong-gu 34113, Republic of Korea; Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, Giza 12566, Egypt
| | - Chang-Hyun Oh
- Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science & Technology (KIST School), Seoul, Seongbuk-gu 02792, Republic of Korea; University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, Yuseong-gu 34113, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomolecular Science, University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, Yuseong-gu 34113, Republic of Korea.
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40
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Malik D, Sood A, Mittal BR, Basher RK, Bhattacharya A, Singh G. Role of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography in restaging and prognosis of recurrent melanoma after curative surgery. World J Nucl Med 2019; 18:176-182. [PMID: 31040750 PMCID: PMC6476242 DOI: 10.4103/wjnm.wjnm_37_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is a highly aggressive tumor and surgical resection is the primary treatment. However, the chances of recurrence are quite high despite complete resection. The aim of study was to evaluate the 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose(18F-FDG) positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT) in detection of recurrent melanoma after curative surgery and its prognostic value. Fifty-four melanoma patients (32 women) with prior primary lesion resection were evaluated with 18F-FDG PET/CT for clinically suspicious recurrent disease. The diagnostic accuracy of 18F-FDG PET/CT (visual interpretation as well as semi-quantitative parameter) was determined on the basis of subsequent imaging and clinical follow-up. Melanoma-specific survival and risk of progression (hazard ratio [HR]) were assessed using Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression analysis. 18F-FDG PET/CT detected recurrent diseases in 36 (66%) patients including distant metastases in 13 patients and second synchronous malignancy in 2 patients. Overall, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 18F-FDG PET/CT were 91.2%, 80.0%, 88.6%, and 84.2%, respectively, with area under the curve of 0.86 (95% confidence interval: 0.74-0.97; P < 0.05). Positive 18F-FDG PET/CT study was associated with a significantly shorter overall survival than negative study (30.8 ± 4.6 vs. 64.5 ± 6.9 months, P < 0.05). Apart from positive 18F-FDG PET/CT scan, maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) >2.7 and combination of both were independently associated with an increased risk of disease progression (HR = 7.72, 21.58, and 11.37, respectively; P < 0.05). 18F-FDG PET/CT showed enhanced diagnostic performance in patients with suspicious recurrent malignant melanoma leading to appropriate management. FDG positivity along with SUVmax >2.7 provides important prognostic value in predicting the survival outcomes and assessing the risk of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharmender Malik
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ashwani Sood
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Bhagwant Rai Mittal
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rajender Kumar Basher
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Anish Bhattacharya
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Gurpreet Singh
- Department of General Surgery, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Jiao JX, Jiao LJ, Yang S, Zhao YJ. Knockdown of aristaless-like homeobox1 inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition through Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in melanoma cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 511:105-110. [PMID: 30773258 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aristaless-like homeobox1 (ALX1), a member of the ALX family, is capable of mediating survival and development of mesenchyme-derived elements in vertebrates and its mutation will prevent the fusion of frontonasal and maxillary elements. Recently, ALX1 has been reported to be associated with cancer progression. However, the specific roles of ALX1 in melanoma remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the expression pattern and biological functions of ALX1 in melanoma. We found that ALX1 was highly expressed in melanoma tissues and cell lines. Knockdown of ALX1 suppressed the proliferation and invasion of melanoma cells. Furthermore, we showed that ALX1 knockdown reversed the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process in melanoma cells, which might be attributed to inactivation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Taken together, this study provided a new insight into the role of ALX1 as a therapeutic target for melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Xia Jiao
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014010, China
| | - Lin-Jun Jiao
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014010, China
| | - Sen Yang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014010, China
| | - Yan-Jun Zhao
- Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, 014010, China.
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Li Y, Li X, Doughty A, West C, Wang L, Zhou F, Nordquist RE, Chen WR. Phototherapy using immunologically modified carbon nanotubes to potentiate checkpoint blockade for metastatic breast cancer. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2019; 18:44-53. [PMID: 30844573 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2019.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is the major cause of cancer-death. Checkpoint inhibition shows great promise as an immunotherapeutic treatment for cancer patients. However, most currently available checkpoint inhibitors have low response rates. To augment the antitumor efficacy of checkpoint inhibitors, such as CTLA-4 antibodies, a single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) modified by a novel immunoadjuvant, glycated chitosan (GC), was used for the treatment of metastatic mammary tumors in mice. We treated the primary tumors by intratumoral administration of SWNT-GC, followed with irradiation with a 1064-nm laser to achieve local ablation through photothermal therapy (PTT). The treatment induced a systemic antitumor immunity which inhibited lung metastasis and prolonged the animal survival time of treated. Combining SWNT-GC-laser treatment with anti-CTLA-4 produced synergistic immunomodulatory effects and further extended the survival time of the treated mice. The results showed that the special combination, PTT + SWNT-GC + anti-CTLA, could effectively suppress primary tumors and inhibit metastases, providing a new treatment strategy for metastatic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Li
- Interventional Therapy Department, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China; Biophotonics Research Laboratory, Center for Interdisciplinary Biomedical Education and Research, College of Mathematics and Science, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, OK, USA
| | - Xiaosong Li
- Biophotonics Research Laboratory, Center for Interdisciplinary Biomedical Education and Research, College of Mathematics and Science, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, OK, USA; Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Austin Doughty
- Biophotonics Research Laboratory, Center for Interdisciplinary Biomedical Education and Research, College of Mathematics and Science, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, OK, USA
| | - Connor West
- Biophotonics Research Laboratory, Center for Interdisciplinary Biomedical Education and Research, College of Mathematics and Science, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, OK, USA
| | - Lu Wang
- Biophotonics Research Laboratory, Center for Interdisciplinary Biomedical Education and Research, College of Mathematics and Science, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, OK, USA
| | - Feifan Zhou
- Biophotonics Research Laboratory, Center for Interdisciplinary Biomedical Education and Research, College of Mathematics and Science, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, OK, USA.
| | | | - Wei R Chen
- Biophotonics Research Laboratory, Center for Interdisciplinary Biomedical Education and Research, College of Mathematics and Science, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, OK, USA.
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Seifabadi S, Vaseghi G, Ghannadian M, Haghjooy Javanmard S. Standardized Punica Granatum Pericarp Extract, Suppresses Tumor Proliferation and Angiogenesis in a Mouse Model of Melanoma: Possible Involvement of PPARα and PPARγ Pathways. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2019; 18:348-357. [PMID: 31089369 PMCID: PMC6487440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is a challenging disease to treat. Punica granatum L. has a potential anticancer effect. This study determined the antiproliferative and antiangiogenic potential of the extract from pomegranate pericarp (PPE) in melanoma. Melanoma cells (1 × 106) were injected to C57BL6 mice subcutaneously. On 8th day, mice were randomly divided into 9 groups. Group 1 was considered as control and received distilled water. Groups 2 to 5 received 50, 100, 200 or 400 mg/kg of standardized PPE, orally. Group 6 received 400 mg/kg PPE and PPAR-γ antagonist (T0070907, 5 mg/kg/day). Group 7 received 400 mg/kg PPE and PPAR-α antagonist (GW6471, 10 mg/kg/day). Groups 8 and 9 received PPAR antagonists alone. On the 16th day, mice were euthanized and the tumor samples were analyzed by immunohistochemistry staining for Ki-67 and CD31. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plasma level was determined by ELISA. PPE at the doses of 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg decreased tumor weight to 1.28, 1.03, 0.82, and 0.58 g, respectively, in comparison with 1.46 g in control group. Tumor volume reduced to 2.1, 1.7, 1.35 and 0.95 cm3 at the mentioned doses, in comparison with 2.4 cm3 in control group (P < 0.05 for all groups). VEGF, Ki-67 and CD31 were decreased dose dependently in the treatment groups (P < 0.05). PPARα and PPARγ antagonists significantly reduced the extract effects (P < 0.05). It was concluded that PPE may have a potential implication in melanoma treatment through activation of PPARα and PPARγ receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Seifabadi
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Physiology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Golnaz Vaseghi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran .
| | - Mustafa Ghannadian
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Shaghayegh Haghjooy Javanmard
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Physiology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. ,Corresponding author: E-mail:
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Li J, Chen CY, Arita M, Kim K, Li X, Zhang H, Kang JX. An omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid derivative, 18-HEPE, protects against CXCR4-associated melanoma metastasis. Carcinogenesis 2018; 39:1380-1388. [PMID: 30184109 PMCID: PMC7191087 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgy117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma has a high propensity to metastasize and exhibits a poor response to classical therapies. Dysregulation of the chemokine receptor gene CXCR4 is associated with melanoma progression, and although n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are known to be beneficial for melanoma prevention, the underlying mechanism of this effect is unclear. Here, we used the n-3 fatty acid desaturase (Fat-1) transgenic mouse model of endogenous n-3 PUFA synthesis to investigate the influence of elevated n-3 PUFA levels in a mouse model of metastatic melanoma. We found that relative to wild-type (WT) mice, Fat-1 mice exhibited fewer pulmonary metastatic colonies and improved inflammatory indices, including reduced serum tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels and pulmonary myeloperoxidase activity. Differential PUFA metabolites in serum were considered a key factor to alter cancer cell travelling to lung, and we found that n-6 PUFAs such as arachidonic acid induced CXCR4 protein expression although n-3 PUFAs such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) decreased CXCR4 levels. In addition, serum levels of the bioactive EPA metabolite, 18-HEPE, were elevated in Fat-1 mice relative to WT mice, and 18-HEPE suppressed CXCR4 expression in B16-F0 cells. Moreover, relative to controls, numbers of pulmonary metastatic colonies were reduced in WT mice receiving intravenous injections either of 18-HEPE or 18-HEPE-pretreated melanoma cells. Our results indicate that 18-HEPE is a potential anticancer metabolite that mediates, at least in part, the preventive effect of n-3 PUFA on melanoma metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieping Li
- Laboratory for Lipid Medicine and Technology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Clinic Medical Laboratory, General Hospital of Fujian Corps of CAPF, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chih-Yu Chen
- Laboratory for Lipid Medicine and Technology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Makoto Arita
- Laboratory for Metabolomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kuijin Kim
- Laboratory for Lipid Medicine and Technology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiangyong Li
- Laboratory for Lipid Medicine and Technology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hongman Zhang
- Laboratory for Lipid Medicine and Technology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jing X Kang
- Laboratory for Lipid Medicine and Technology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Zhou B, Song J, Wang M, Wang X, Wang J, Howard EW, Zhou F, Qu J, Chen WR. BSA-bioinspired gold nanorods loaded with immunoadjuvant for the treatment of melanoma by combined photothermal therapy and immunotherapy. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:21640-21647. [PMID: 30232481 PMCID: PMC6265078 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr05323e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The development of therapeutic methods that can effectively delay tumor growth, inhibit tumor metastases, and protect the host from tumor recurrence still faces challenges. Nanoparticle-based combination therapy may provide an effective therapeutic strategy. Herein, we show that bovine serum albumin (BSA)-bioinspired gold nanorods (GNRs) were loaded with an immunoadjuvant for combined photothermal therapy (PTT) and immunotherapy for the treatment of melanoma. In this work, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)-coated GNRs were successively decorated with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and BSA, and loaded with an immunoadjuvant imiquimod (R837). The synthesized mPEG-GNRs@BSA/R837 nanocomplexes under near-infrared (NIR) irradiation could effectively kill tumors and trigger strong immune responses in treating metastatic melanoma in mice. Furthermore, the nanocomplex-based PTT prevented lung metastasis and induced a strong long-term antitumor immunity to protect the treated mice from tumor recurrence. The nanocomplex-based PTT in combination with immunotherapy may be potentially employed as an effective strategy for the treatment of melanoma and other metastatic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benqing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education/Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China.
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Valnet-Rabier MB, Marcucci C, Limat S, Davani S, Aubin F, Nerich V. [Acceptability and effectiveness of immunotherapy in patients with melanoma]. Therapie 2018; 74:355-367. [PMID: 30193804 DOI: 10.1016/j.therap.2018.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The immunotherapies known as "inhibitors of checkpoint" (ICP) are monoclonal antibodies used since 2010 and have dramatically modified the management of the advanced or metastatic melanomas. By reactivating the anti-tumoral immune response, these antibodies can activate the immune system in all the tissues with a risk to induce immune related adverse events (IrAE). Thus, the adverse effect's profile of ICP is considered as very different from that usually associated with conventional chemotherapies. The objectives of our retrospective monocentric study were the evaluation of the real life's safety and efficiency of the ipilimumab and the pembrolizumab in patients with an advanced melanoma. Seventy-two patients treated by ipilimumab and\or pembrolizumab between August 1st, 2008 and December 31st, 2016 were investigated. The main IrAE occurring involved the gastro- intestinal, skin, and the endocrine systems. The average onset time of IrAE was 39, 104 and 68 days, respectively and their respective duration was of 67, 50 and 111 days. There were 13 events of grade III and IV along with one death. The overall survival was 5 months for the patients treated in monotherapy with ipilimumab, and 14 months for those treated by pembrolizumab. Our real life's study tends to confirm the current safety profile of ICP treatment. Moreover and according to our analyses, the drug sequence seems to have a global survival impact.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Samuel Limat
- Pôle pharmaceutique, CHU de Besançon, 25030 Besançon, France; Inserm, EFS BFC, UMR1098, interactions hôte-greffon-tumeur/ingénierie cellulaire et génique, université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France
| | - Siamak Davani
- Centre régional de pharmacovigilance, CHU de Besançon, 25030 Besançon, France
| | - François Aubin
- Service de dermatologie, CHU de Besançon, 25030 Besançon, France
| | - Virginie Nerich
- Pôle pharmaceutique, CHU de Besançon, 25030 Besançon, France; Inserm, EFS BFC, UMR1098, interactions hôte-greffon-tumeur/ingénierie cellulaire et génique, université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 25000 Besançon, France
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47
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Fu AZ, Li Z, Tang J, Mahmood S, Whisman T, Qiu Y. Costs associated with adverse events for systemic therapies in metastatic melanoma. J Comp Eff Res 2018; 7:867-879. [PMID: 30192155 DOI: 10.2217/cer-2018-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To determine the costs of adverse events (AEs) associated with current metastatic melanoma (MM) therapies. MATERIALS & METHODS Two retrospective cohort studies were independently conducted using the PharMetrics and MarketScan databases. Included patients were aged ≥18 years, and had ≥1 MM diagnosis and ≥1 claim for systemic therapy from 2004 to 2015. RESULTS A total of 1654 and 1329 patients were identified in PharMetrics and MarketScan, respectively. The corresponding adjusted 30-day incremental costs of AEs by category were highest for CNS/psychiatric (US$21,277 and $18,739), gastrointestinal ($18,534 and $15,648), respiratory ($17,338 and $17,064), cardiovascular ($16,083 and $15,430), hematological/lymphatic ($14,997 and $15,538) and metabolic/nutritional AEs ($12,340 and $17,251). CONCLUSION The costs of AEs associated with systemic therapies for MM are substantial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Z Fu
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Zhiyi Li
- Asclepius Analytics LLC, New York, NY 10004, USA
| | - Jackson Tang
- Asclepius Analytics LLC, New York, NY 10004, USA
| | - Syed Mahmood
- Jacobi Medical Center & North Central Bronx Hospital, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Tyler Whisman
- Novartis Oncology, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ 07936-1080, USA
| | - Ying Qiu
- Worldwide Health Economics and Outcomes Research, Bristol-Myers Squibb Corporation, Princeton Pike, NJ 08648, USA
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Zou L, Ding W, Zhang Y, Cheng S, Li F, Ruan R, Wei P, Qiu B. Peptide-modified vemurafenib-loaded liposomes for targeted inhibition of melanoma via the skin. Biomaterials 2018; 182:1-12. [PMID: 30096444 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Revised: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Vemurafenib is a chemotherapeutic drug recently approved by the FDA to treat melanoma. Because the drug is usually delivered orally, the route of administration readily causes damage to major organs with limited antitumor efficacy and bioavailability. In this study, we developed a peptide-modified vemurafenib-loaded liposome for the targeted inhibition of subcutaneous melanoma via the skin. First, the peptide-modified vemurafenib-loaded liposomes (Vem-TD-Lip) were prepared and characterized with respect to the size, shape and charge; the loading efficiency of vemurafenib; and the stability. Then, the intracellular uptake of these liposomes, their limited cytotoxicity, the selective inhibition of melanoma cells harboring BRAF mutations, and the liposome permeation ability were confirmed through in vitro experiments. Finally, the safety and antitumor activity of Vem-TD-Lip were evaluated in vivo. The results showed that transdermal delivery of Vem-TD-Lip effectively targeted and inhibited subcutaneous melanoma in male mice, the administration of Vem-TD-Lip through skin was better than that through oral administration and intravenous injection in terms of reducing damage to major organs and enhancing antitumor efficacy, and the peptide TD significantly enhanced the delivery of Vem-TD-Lip across the skin. This work provides a new strategy for delivering vemurafenib to target and inhibit subcutaneous melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zou
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China; Department of Electronic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China; Guangdong Institute of Medical Instruments & National Engineering Research Center for Healthcare Devices, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510500, China
| | - Weiping Ding
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China; Department of Electronic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China; Department of Electronic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Shaohui Cheng
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China
| | - Fenfen Li
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China; Department of Electronic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Renquan Ruan
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China; School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Pengfei Wei
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China; School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Bensheng Qiu
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China; Department of Electronic Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
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Wang CR, Wang ZF, Shi L, Wang ZC, Zhu HL. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of pyrazole derivatives containing acetamide bond as potential BRAF V600E inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:2382-2390. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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50
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Torres-Collado AX, Knott J, Jazirehi AR. Reversal of Resistance in Targeted Therapy of Metastatic Melanoma: Lessons Learned from Vemurafenib (BRAF V600E-Specific Inhibitor). Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10060157. [PMID: 29795041 PMCID: PMC6025215 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10060157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer and has a very low survival rate. Over 50% of melanomas harbor various BRAF mutations with the most common being the V600E. BRAFV600E mutation that causes constitutive activation of the MAPK pathway leading to drug-, immune-resistance, apoptosis evasion, proliferation, survival, and metastasis of melanomas. The ATP competitive BRAFV600E selective inhibitor, vemurafenib, has shown dramatic success in clinical trials; promoting tumor regression and an increase in overall survival of patients with metastatic melanoma. Regrettably, vemurafenib-resistance develops over an average of six months, which renders melanomas resistant to other therapeutic strategies. Elucidation of the underlying mechanism(s) of acquisition of vemurafenib-resistance and design of novel approaches to override resistance is the subject of intense clinical and basic research. In this review, we summarize recent developments in therapeutic approaches and clinical investigations on melanomas with BRAFV600E mutation to establish a new platform for the treatment of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoni Xavier Torres-Collado
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, and the Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Jeffrey Knott
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, and the Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Ali R Jazirehi
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, and the Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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