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Xu L, Yang M, Wei A, Wei Z, Qin Y, Wang K, Li B, Chen K, Liu C, Li C, Wang T. Aerobic exercise-induced HIF-1α upregulation in heart failure: exploring potential impacts on MCT1 and MPC1 regulation. Mol Med 2024; 30:83. [PMID: 38867145 PMCID: PMC11167843 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-024-00854-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The terminal stage of ischemic heart disease develops into heart failure (HF), which is characterized by hypoxia and metabolic disturbances in cardiomyocytes. The hypoxic failing heart triggers hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) actions in the cells sensitized to hypoxia and induces metabolic adaptation by accumulating HIF-1α. Furthermore, soluble monocarboxylic acid transporter protein 1 (MCT1) and mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 1 (MPC1), as key nodes of metabolic adaptation, affect metabolic homeostasis in the failing rat heart. Aerobic exercise training has been reported to retard the progression of HF due to enhancing HIF-1α levels as well as MCT1 expressions, whereas the effects of exercise on MCT1 and MPC1 in HF (hypoxia) remain elusive. This research aimed to investigate the action of exercise associated with MCT1 and MPC1 on HF under hypoxia. METHODS The experimental rat models are composed of four study groups: sham stented (SHAM), HF sedentary (HF), HF short-term exercise trained (HF-E1), HF long-term exercise trained (HF-E2). HF was initiated via left anterior descending coronary artery ligation, the effects of exercise on the progression of HF were analyzed by ventricular ultrasound (ejection fraction, fractional shortening) and histological staining. The regulatory effects of HIF-1α on cell growth, MCT1 and MPC1 protein expression in hypoxic H9c2 cells were evaluated by HIF-1α activatort/inhibitor treatment and plasmid transfection. RESULTS Our results indicate the presence of severe pathological remodelling (as evidenced by deep myocardial fibrosis, increased infarct size and abnormal hypertrophy of the myocardium, etc.) and reduced cardiac function in the failing hearts of rats in the HF group compared to the SHAM group. Treadmill exercise training ameliorated myocardial infarction (MI)-induced cardiac pathological remodelling and enhanced cardiac function in HF exercise group rats, and significantly increased the expression of HIF-1α (p < 0.05), MCT1 (p < 0.01) and MPC1 (p < 0.05) proteins compared to HF group rats. Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of HIF-1α in hypoxic H9c2 cells dramatically downregulated MCT1 and MPC1 protein expression. This phenomenon is consistent with knockdown of HIF-1α at the gene level. CONCLUSION The findings propose that long-term aerobic exercise training, as a non- pharmacological treatment, is efficient enough to debilitate the disease process, improve the pathological phenotype, and reinstate cardiac function in HF rats. This benefit is most likely due to activation of myocardial HIF-1α and upregulation of MCT1 and MPC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfei Xu
- Military Medical Sciences Academy, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Miaomiao Yang
- Military Medical Sciences Academy, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Aili Wei
- Military Medical Sciences Academy, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Zilin Wei
- Military Medical Sciences Academy, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Yingkai Qin
- Military Medical Sciences Academy, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Military Medical Sciences Academy, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Bin Li
- No. 950 Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Yecheng, 844999, China
| | - Kang Chen
- Military Medical Sciences Academy, Tianjin, 300050, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology & Sports Medicine, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Chen Liu
- Military Medical Sciences Academy, Tianjin, 300050, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology & Sports Medicine, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Chao Li
- Military Medical Sciences Academy, Tianjin, 300050, China.
| | - Tianhui Wang
- Military Medical Sciences Academy, Tianjin, 300050, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology & Sports Medicine, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, 301617, China.
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Zakic T, Pekovic-Vaughan V, Cvoro A, Korac A, Jankovic A, Korac B. Redox and metabolic reprogramming in breast cancer and cancer-associated adipose tissue. FEBS Lett 2023. [PMID: 38140817 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Redox and metabolic processes are tightly coupled in both physiological and pathological conditions. In cancer, their integration occurs at multiple levels and is characterized by synchronized reprogramming both in the tumor tissue and its specific but heterogeneous microenvironment. In breast cancer, the principal microenvironment is the cancer-associated adipose tissue (CAAT). Understanding how the redox-metabolic reprogramming becomes coordinated in human breast cancer is imperative both for cancer prevention and for the establishment of new therapeutic approaches. This review aims to provide an overview of the current knowledge of the redox profiles and regulation of intermediary metabolism in breast cancer while considering the tumor and CAAT of breast cancer as a unique Warburg's pseudo-organ. As cancer is now recognized as a systemic metabolic disease, we have paid particular attention to the cell-specific redox-metabolic reprogramming and the roles of estrogen receptors and circadian rhythms, as well as their crosstalk in the development, growth, progression, and prognosis of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Zakic
- Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vanja Pekovic-Vaughan
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, William Henry Duncan Building, University of Liverpool, UK
| | | | | | - Aleksandra Jankovic
- Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bato Korac
- Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Serbia
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3
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Mirzaei S, Ranjbar B, Tackallou SH, Aref AR. Hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in breast cancer: The crosstalk with oncogenic and onco-suppressor factors in regulation of cancer hallmarks. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 248:154676. [PMID: 37454494 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Low oxygen level at tumor microenvironment leads to a condition, known as hypoxia that is implicated in cancer progression. Upon hypoxia, HIF-1α undergoes activation and due to its oncogenic function and interaction with other molecular pathways, promotes tumor progression. The HIF-1α role in regulating breast cancer progression is described, Overall, HIF-1α has upregulation in breast tumor and due to its tumor-promoting function, its upregulation is in favor of breast tumor progression. HIF-1α overexpression prevents apoptosis in breast tumor and it promotes cell cycle progression. Silencing HIF-1α triggers cycle arrest and decreases growth. Migration of breast tumor enhances by HIF-1α signaling and it mainly induces EMT in providing metastasis. HIF-1α upregulation stimulates drug resistance and radio-resistance in breast tumor. Furthermore, HIF-1α signaling induces immune evasion of breast cancer. Berberine and pharmacological intervention suppress HIF-1α signaling in breast tumor and regulation of HIF-1α by non-coding RNAs occurs. Furthermore, HIF-1α is a biomarker in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Mirzaei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Bijan Ranjbar
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14117-13116, Iran
| | | | - Amir Reza Aref
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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4
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Stampone E, Bencivenga D, Capellupo MC, Roberti D, Tartaglione I, Perrotta S, Della Ragione F, Borriello A. Genome editing and cancer therapy: handling the hypoxia-responsive pathway as a promising strategy. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:220. [PMID: 37477829 PMCID: PMC10361942 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04852-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
The precise characterization of oxygen-sensing pathways and the identification of pO2-regulated gene expression are both issues of critical importance. The O2-sensing system plays crucial roles in almost all the pivotal human processes, including the stem cell specification, the growth and development of tissues (such as embryogenesis), the modulation of intermediate metabolism (including the shift of the glucose metabolism from oxidative to anaerobic ATP production and vice versa), and the control of blood pressure. The solid cancer microenvironment is characterized by low oxygen levels and by the consequent activation of the hypoxia response that, in turn, allows a complex adaptive response characterized mainly by neoangiogenesis and metabolic reprogramming. Recently, incredible advances in molecular genetic methodologies allowed the genome editing with high efficiency and, above all, the precise identification of target cells/tissues. These new possibilities and the knowledge of the mechanisms of adaptation to hypoxia suggest the effective development of new therapeutic approaches based on the manipulation, targeting, and exploitation of the oxygen-sensor system molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Stampone
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Via Luigi De Crecchio, 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Debora Bencivenga
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Via Luigi De Crecchio, 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Capellupo
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Via Luigi De Crecchio, 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Domenico Roberti
- Department of the Woman, the Child and of the General and Specialty Surgery, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Via Luigi De Crecchio, 2, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Immacolata Tartaglione
- Department of the Woman, the Child and of the General and Specialty Surgery, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Via Luigi De Crecchio, 2, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Silverio Perrotta
- Department of the Woman, the Child and of the General and Specialty Surgery, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Via Luigi De Crecchio, 2, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Fulvio Della Ragione
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Via Luigi De Crecchio, 7, 80138, Naples, Italy.
| | - Adriana Borriello
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Via Luigi De Crecchio, 7, 80138, Naples, Italy.
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Hypoxia-induced autophagy in triple negative breast cancer: association with prognostic variables, patients' survival and response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Virchows Arch 2023; 482:823-837. [PMID: 36939902 PMCID: PMC10156790 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-023-03527-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a cellular response to diverse stresses within tumor microenvironment (TME) such as hypoxia. It enhances cell survival and triggers resistance to therapy. This study investigated the prognostic importance of HIF-1α and miR-210 in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Also, we studied the relation between beclin-1 and Bcl-2 and their prognostic relevance in triple negative breast cancer. Furthermore, the involvement of hypoxia-related markers, beclin-1 and Bcl-2 in mediating resistance to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) in TNBC was evaluated. Immunohistochemistry was performed to evaluate HIF-1α, beclin-1 and Bcl-2 expression whereas, miR-210 mRNA was detected by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (q-PCR) in 60 TNBC patients. High HIF-1α expression was related to larger tumors, grade III cases, positive lymphovascular invasion, advanced stage, high Ki-67 and poor overall survival (OS). High miR-210 and negative Bcl-2 expression were related to nodal metastasis, advanced stage and poor OS. High beclin-1 was associated with grade III, nodal metastasis, advanced stage and poor OS. Also, high beclin-1 and negative Bcl-2 were significantly associated with high HIF-1α and high miR-210. High HIF- 1α, miR-210 and beclin-1 as well as negative Bcl-2 were inversely related to pathologic complete response following NACT. High beclin-1 and lack of Bcl-2 are significantly related to hypoxic TME in TNBC. High HIF-1α, miR-210, and beclin-1 expression together with lack of Bcl-2 are significantly associated with poor prognosis as well as poor response to NACT. HIF-1α and miR-210 could accurately predict response to NACT in TNBC.
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Hypoxia signaling in human health and diseases: implications and prospects for therapeutics. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:218. [PMID: 35798726 PMCID: PMC9261907 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01080-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular oxygen (O2) is essential for most biological reactions in mammalian cells. When the intracellular oxygen content decreases, it is called hypoxia. The process of hypoxia is linked to several biological processes, including pathogenic microbe infection, metabolic adaptation, cancer, acute and chronic diseases, and other stress responses. The mechanism underlying cells respond to oxygen changes to mediate subsequent signal response is the central question during hypoxia. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) sense hypoxia to regulate the expressions of a series of downstream genes expression, which participate in multiple processes including cell metabolism, cell growth/death, cell proliferation, glycolysis, immune response, microbe infection, tumorigenesis, and metastasis. Importantly, hypoxia signaling also interacts with other cellular pathways, such as phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling, nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) pathway, extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) signaling, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. This paper systematically reviews the mechanisms of hypoxia signaling activation, the control of HIF signaling, and the function of HIF signaling in human health and diseases. In addition, the therapeutic targets involved in HIF signaling to balance health and diseases are summarized and highlighted, which would provide novel strategies for the design and development of therapeutic drugs.
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Stirling ER, Bronson SM, Mackert JD, Cook KL, Triozzi PL, Soto-Pantoja DR. Metabolic Implications of Immune Checkpoint Proteins in Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:179. [PMID: 35011741 PMCID: PMC8750774 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of immune checkpoint proteins restrict immunosurveillance in the tumor microenvironment; thus, FDA-approved checkpoint inhibitor drugs, specifically PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 inhibitors, promote a cytotoxic antitumor immune response. Aside from inflammatory signaling, immune checkpoint proteins invoke metabolic reprogramming that affects immune cell function, autonomous cancer cell bioenergetics, and patient response. Therefore, this review will focus on the metabolic alterations in immune and cancer cells regulated by currently approved immune checkpoint target proteins and the effect of costimulatory receptor signaling on immunometabolism. Additionally, we explore how diet and the microbiome impact immune checkpoint blockade therapy response. The metabolic reprogramming caused by targeting these proteins is essential in understanding immune-related adverse events and therapeutic resistance. This can provide valuable information for potential biomarkers or combination therapy strategies targeting metabolic pathways with immune checkpoint blockade to enhance patient response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R. Stirling
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; (E.R.S.); (K.L.C.); (P.L.T.)
| | - Steven M. Bronson
- Department of Pathology, Section of Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Molecular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Jessica D. Mackert
- Department of Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA;
| | - Katherine L. Cook
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; (E.R.S.); (K.L.C.); (P.L.T.)
- Department of Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA;
- Wake Forest School of Medicine Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Pierre L. Triozzi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; (E.R.S.); (K.L.C.); (P.L.T.)
- Wake Forest School of Medicine Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Wake Forest School of Medicine Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - David R. Soto-Pantoja
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; (E.R.S.); (K.L.C.); (P.L.T.)
- Department of Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA;
- Wake Forest School of Medicine Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
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Li B, Yu J, Liu P, Zeng T, Zeng X. Astragaloside IV protects cardiomyocytes against hypoxia injury via HIF-1α and the JAK2/STAT3 pathway. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1435. [PMID: 34733987 PMCID: PMC8506767 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-4080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Hypoxia is an important cause of myocardial injury due to the heart’s high susceptibility to hypoxia. Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) is the main component of Astragalus membranaceus and could exert cardiac protective role. Here, the effect of AS-IV on hypoxia-injured H9c2 cardiomyocytes was elucidated. Methods First, H9c2 cells were exposed to hypoxia and/or AS-IV treatment. Cell apoptosis, death, and viability as well as hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) expression and apoptotic proteins were analyzed. Next, transfection of si-HIF-1α into H9c2 cells was carried out to test whether upregulation and stabilization of HIF-1α influences the effect of AS-IV on hypoxia-treated H9c2 cells. Furthermore, the regulatory role of Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (JAK2/STAT3) signaling on HIF-1α levels was examined. Results Hypoxia suppressed viability and promoted the apoptosis and death of H9c2 cells. AS-IV eliminated hypoxia-induced H9c2 injury. Moreover, HIF-1α signaling was further activated and stabilized by AS-IV in hypoxia-challenged H9c2 cells. Downregulation of HIF-1α suppressed the function of AS-IV in hypoxia-challenged H9c2 cells. AS-IV promoted JAK2/STAT3 signaling in hypoxia-induced injury. The beneficial functions of AS-IV in hypoxia-exposed H9c2 cells were linked to HIF-1α upregulation and JAK2/STAT3 signaling activation. Conclusions AS-IV relieved H9c2 cardiomyocyte injury after hypoxia, possibly by activating JAK2/STAT3-mediated HIF-1α signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Li
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Junjian Yu
- Cardiovascular and Thoracis Surgery Department 2, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Peipei Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Taohui Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xueliang Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
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Natua S, Ashok C, Shukla S. Hypoxia-induced alternative splicing in human diseases: the pledge, the turn, and the prestige. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:2729-2747. [PMID: 33386889 PMCID: PMC11072330 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03727-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Maintenance of oxygen homeostasis is an indispensable criterion for the existence of multicellular life-forms. Disruption of this homeostasis due to inadequate oxygenation of the respiring tissues leads to pathological hypoxia, which acts as a significant stressor in several pathophysiological conditions including cancer, cardiovascular defects, bacterial infections, and neurological disorders. Consequently, the hypoxic tissues develop necessary adaptations both at the tissue and cellular level. The cellular adaptations involve a dramatic alteration in gene expression, post-transcriptional and post-translational modification of gene products, bioenergetics, and metabolism. Among the key responses to oxygen-deprivation is the skewing of cellular alternative splicing program. Herein, we discuss the current concepts of oxygen tension-dependent alternative splicing relevant to various pathophysiological conditions. Following a brief description of cellular response to hypoxia and the pre-mRNA splicing mechanism, we outline the impressive number of hypoxia-elicited alternative splicing events associated with maladies like cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and neurological disorders. Furthermore, we discuss how manipulation of hypoxia-induced alternative splicing may pose promising strategies for novel translational diagnosis and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhashis Natua
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Cheemala Ashok
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Sanjeev Shukla
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal, 462066, Madhya Pradesh, India.
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Jiang W, Chen L. Alternative splicing: Human disease and quantitative analysis from high-throughput sequencing. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 19:183-195. [PMID: 33425250 PMCID: PMC7772363 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing contributes to the majority of protein diversity in higher eukaryotes by allowing one gene to generate multiple distinct protein isoforms. It adds another regulation layer of gene expression. Up to 95% of human multi-exon genes undergo alternative splicing to encode proteins with different functions. Moreover, around 15% of human hereditary diseases and cancers are associated with alternative splicing. Regulation of alternative splicing is attributed to a set of delicate machineries interacting with each other in aid of important biological processes such as cell development and differentiation. Given the importance of alternative splicing events, their accurate mapping and quantification are paramount for downstream analysis, especially for associating disease with alternative splicing. However, deriving accurate isoform expression from high-throughput RNA-seq data remains a challenging task. In this mini-review, we aim to illustrate I) mechanisms and regulation of alternative splicing, II) alternative splicing associated human disease, III) computational tools for the quantification of isoforms and alternative splicing from RNA-seq.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jiang
- Quantitative and Computational Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, 1050 Childs Way, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States
| | - Liang Chen
- Quantitative and Computational Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, 1050 Childs Way, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States
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11
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Reyes A, Corrales N, Gálvez NMS, Bueno SM, Kalergis AM, González PA. Contribution of hypoxia inducible factor-1 during viral infections. Virulence 2020; 11:1482-1500. [PMID: 33135539 PMCID: PMC7605355 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2020.1836904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is a transcription factor that plays critical roles during the cellular response to hypoxia. Under normoxic conditions, its function is tightly regulated by the degradation of its alpha subunit (HIF-1α), which impairs the formation of an active heterodimer in the nucleus that otherwise regulates the expression of numerous genes. Importantly, HIF-1 participates in both cancer and infectious diseases unveiling new therapeutic targets for those ailments. Here, we discuss aspects related to the activation of HIF-1, the effects of this transcription factor over immune system components, as well as the involvement of HIF-1 activity in response to viral infections in humans. Although HIF-1 is currently being assessed in numerous clinical settings as a potential therapy for different diseases, up to date, there are no clinical studies evaluating the pharmacological modulation of this transcription factor as a possible new antiviral treatment. However, based on the available evidence, clinical trials targeting this molecule are likely to occur soon. In this review we discuss the role of HIF-1 in viral immunity, the modulation of HIF-1 by different types of viruses, as well as the effects of HIF-1 over their life cycle and the potential use of HIF-1 as a new target for the treatment of viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Reyes
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolás Corrales
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolás M S Gálvez
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago, Chile
| | - Susan M Bueno
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexis M Kalergis
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago, Chile.,Departamento De Endocrinología, Facultad De Medicina, Escuela De Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica De Chile , Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo A González
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago, Chile
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12
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Pamenter ME, Hall JE, Tanabe Y, Simonson TS. Cross-Species Insights Into Genomic Adaptations to Hypoxia. Front Genet 2020; 11:743. [PMID: 32849780 PMCID: PMC7387696 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Over millions of years, vertebrate species populated vast environments spanning the globe. Among the most challenging habitats encountered were those with limited availability of oxygen, yet many animal and human populations inhabit and perform life cycle functions and/or daily activities in varying degrees of hypoxia today. Of particular interest are species that inhabit high-altitude niches, which experience chronic hypobaric hypoxia throughout their lives. Physiological and molecular aspects of adaptation to hypoxia have long been the focus of high-altitude populations and, within the past decade, genomic information has become increasingly accessible. These data provide an opportunity to search for common genetic signatures of selection across uniquely informative populations and thereby augment our understanding of the mechanisms underlying adaptations to hypoxia. In this review, we synthesize the available genomic findings across hypoxia-tolerant species to provide a comprehensive view of putatively hypoxia-adaptive genes and pathways. In many cases, adaptive signatures across species converge on the same genetic pathways or on genes themselves [i.e., the hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) pathway). However, specific variants thought to underlie function are distinct between species and populations, and, in most cases, the precise functional role of these genomic differences remains unknown. Efforts to standardize these findings and explore relationships between genotype and phenotype will provide important clues into the evolutionary and mechanistic bases of physiological adaptations to environmental hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew E. Pamenter
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - James E. Hall
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Yuuka Tanabe
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Tatum S. Simonson
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
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13
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Farina AR, Cappabianca L, Sebastiano M, Zelli V, Guadagni S, Mackay AR. Hypoxia-induced alternative splicing: the 11th Hallmark of Cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2020; 39:110. [PMID: 32536347 PMCID: PMC7294618 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01616-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-induced alternative splicing is a potent driving force in tumour pathogenesis and progression. In this review, we update currents concepts of hypoxia-induced alternative splicing and how it influences tumour biology. Following brief descriptions of tumour-associated hypoxia and the pre-mRNA splicing process, we review the many ways hypoxia regulates alternative splicing and how hypoxia-induced alternative splicing impacts each individual hallmark of cancer. Hypoxia-induced alternative splicing integrates chemical and cellular tumour microenvironments, underpins continuous adaptation of the tumour cellular microenvironment responsible for metastatic progression and plays clear roles in oncogene activation and autonomous tumour growth, tumor suppressor inactivation, tumour cell immortalization, angiogenesis, tumour cell evasion of programmed cell death and the anti-tumour immune response, a tumour-promoting inflammatory response, adaptive metabolic re-programming, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, invasion and genetic instability, all of which combine to promote metastatic disease. The impressive number of hypoxia-induced alternative spliced protein isoforms that characterize tumour progression, classifies hypoxia-induced alternative splicing as the 11th hallmark of cancer, and offers a fertile source of potential diagnostic/prognostic markers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonietta Rosella Farina
- Department of Applied Clinical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Lucia Cappabianca
- Department of Applied Clinical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Michela Sebastiano
- Department of Applied Clinical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Veronica Zelli
- Department of Applied Clinical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Stefano Guadagni
- Department of Applied Clinical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Andrew Reay Mackay
- Department of Applied Clinical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
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14
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Pirouzpanah S, Asemani S, Shayanfar A, Baradaran B, Montazeri V. The effects of Berberis vulgaris consumption on plasma levels of IGF-1, IGFBPs, PPAR-γ and the expression of angiogenic genes in women with benign breast disease: a randomized controlled clinical trial. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 19:324. [PMID: 31752829 PMCID: PMC6868871 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2715-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study was designed to investigate the effects of Berberis vulgaris (BV) juice consumption on plasma levels of insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs), and the expression of PPAR-γ, VEGF and HIF in women with benign breast disease. METHODS This parallel design randomized, double-blind controlled clinical trial was conducted on 85 eligible patients diagnosed with benign breast disease. They were assigned randomly into either BV juice group (n = 44, BV juice: 480 ml/day) or placebo group (n = 41, BV placebo juice: 480 ml/day) for 8 weeks intervention. Participants, caregivers and those who assessed laboratory analyses were blinded to the assignments. Plasma levels of biomarkers were measured at baseline and after 8 weeks by ELISA. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to measure the fold change in the expression of each interested gene. RESULTS The compliance of participants was 95.2% and 40 available subjects analyzed in each group at last. Relative treatment (RT) effects for BV juice caused 16% fall in IGF-1 concentration and 37% reduction in the ratio of IGF-1/1GFBP1. Absolute treatment effect expressed 111 ng/ml increased mean differences of IGFBP-3 between BV group and placebo. Plasma level of PPAR-γ increased in both groups but it was not significant. Fold changes in the expressions of PPAR-γ, VEGF and HIF showed down-regulation in the intervention group compared to placebos (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The BV juice intervention over 8 weeks was accompanied by acceptable efficacy and decreased plasma IGF-1, and IGF-1/IGFBP-1 ratio partly could be assigned to enhanced IGFBP-1 level in women with BBD. The intervention caused reductions in the expression levels of PPAR, VEGF, and HIF which are remarkable genomic changes to potentially prevent breast tumorigenesis. TRIAL REGISTRATION IRCT2012110511335N2. Registered 10 July 2013 (retrospectively registered).
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15
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Nakayama K, Kataoka N. Regulation of Gene Expression under Hypoxic Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133278. [PMID: 31277312 PMCID: PMC6651685 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotes are often subjected to different kinds of stress. In order to adjust to such circumstances, eukaryotes activate stress–response pathways and regulate gene expression. Eukaryotic gene expression consists of many different steps, including transcription, RNA processing, RNA transport, and translation. In this review article, we focus on both transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulations of gene expression under hypoxic conditions. In the first part of the review, transcriptional regulations mediated by various transcription factors including Hypoxia-Inducible Factors (HIFs) are described. In the second part, we present RNA splicing regulations under hypoxic conditions, which are mediated by splicing factors and their kinases. This work summarizes and discusses the emerging studies of those two gene expression machineries under hypoxic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koh Nakayama
- Oxygen Biology Laboratory, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8510, Japan.
| | - Naoyuki Kataoka
- Laboratory of Cell Regulation, Departments of Applied Animal Sciences and Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
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16
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Preferential activation of HIF-2α adaptive signalling in neuronal-like cells in response to acute hypoxia. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185664. [PMID: 28968430 PMCID: PMC5624621 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke causes severe neuronal damage as disrupted cerebral blood flow starves neurons of oxygen and glucose. The hypoxia inducible factors (HIF-1α and HIF-2α) orchestrate oxygen homeostasis and regulate specific aspects of hypoxic adaptation. Here we show the importance of HIF-2α dependant signalling in neuronal adaptation to hypoxic insult. PC12 and NT2 cells were differentiated into neuronal-like cells using NGF and retinoic acid, and exposed to acute hypoxia (1% O2). Gene and protein expression was analysed by qPCR and immunoblotting and the neuronal-like phenotype was examined. PC12 and NT2 differentiation promoted neurite extension and expression of neuronal markers, NSE and KCC2. Induction of HIF-1α mRNA or protein was not detected in hypoxic neuronal-like cells, however marked induction of HIF-2α mRNA and protein expression was observed. Induction of HIF-1α target genes was also not detected in response to acute hypoxia, however significant induction of HIF-2α transcriptional targets was clearly evident. Furthermore, hypoxic insult dramatically reduced both neurite number and length, and attenuated expression of neuronal markers, NSE and KCC2. This correlated with an increase in expression of the neural progenitor and stem cell-like markers, CD44 and vimentin, suggesting HIF-2α molecular mechanisms could potentially promote regression of neuronal-like cells to a stem-like state and trigger neuronal recovery following ischaemic insult. Our findings suggest the HIF-2α pathway predominates over HIF-1α signalling in neuronal-like cells following acute hypoxia.
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17
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Teow SY, Liew K, Khoo ASB, Peh SC. Pathogenic Role of Exosomes in Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)-Associated Cancers. Int J Biol Sci 2017; 13:1276-1286. [PMID: 29104494 PMCID: PMC5666526 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.19531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are 40- to 100-nm membrane-bound small vesicles that carry a great variety of cellular cargoes including proteins, DNA, messenger RNAs (mRNAs), and microRNAs (miRNAs). These nanovesicles are detected in various biological fluids such as serum, urine, saliva, and seminal fluids. Exosomes serve as key mediators in intercellular communication by facilitating the transfer and exchange of cellular components from cells to cells. They contain various pathogenic factors whereby their adverse effects have been implicated in multiple viral infections and cancers. Interestingly, accumulating evidences showed that exosomes derived from tumour viruses or oncoviruses, exacerbate virus-associated cancers by remodelling the tumour microenvironment. In this review, we summarize the contributing factors of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) products-containing exosomes in viral pathogenesis and their potential implications in EBV-driven malignancies. Understanding the biological role of these exosomes in the disease would undoubtedly boost the development of a more comprehensive strategy to combat EBV-associated cancers and to better predict the therapeutic outcomes. Furthermore, we also highlight the potentials and challenges of EBV products-containing exosomes being employed as diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for EBV-related cancers. Since these aspects are rather underexplored, we attempt to underline interesting areas that warrant further investigations in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sin-Yeang Teow
- Sunway Institute for Healthcare Development (SIHD), Sunway University, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Kitson Liew
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Cancer Research Centre (CaRC), Institute for Medical Research (IMR), Jalan Pahang, 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Alan Soo-Beng Khoo
- Molecular Pathology Unit, Cancer Research Centre (CaRC), Institute for Medical Research (IMR), Jalan Pahang, 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Institute for Research, Development and Innovation, International Medical University (IMU), Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Suat-Cheng Peh
- Sunway Institute for Healthcare Development (SIHD), Sunway University, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.,Anatomical Pathology Department, Sunway Medical Centre, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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18
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Kanopka A. Cell survival: Interplay between hypoxia and pre-mRNA splicing. Exp Cell Res 2017; 356:187-191. [PMID: 28315669 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
RNA splicing takes place in the nucleus and occurs either co- or post-transcriptionally. Noncoding sequences (introns) in nuclear mRNA precursors (pre-mRNA) are removed by dedicated splicing machinery. The coding sequences (exons) are joined to generate the mature mRNA that is exported to the cytoplasm and translated into protein. Splicing events are tissue-specific. This process plays an important role in cellular differentiation and organism development. The splicing machinery heavily contributes to biological complexity and especially to the ability of cells to adapt to different developmental stages and altered cellular conditions. A striking change has been observed in alternative splicing pattern of genes and alterations in splicing factor expression under pathologic conditions especially in human cancers. Cancer cells are often confronted with a significant reduction in oxygen availability, which is a major reason for changeover of major cellular processes. Hypoxic regions have been identified within all solid tumors and their presence has been linked to malignant progression, metastasis, resistance to therapy, and poor clinical outcomes following treatment. Cellular responses to hypoxia are mediated by hypoxia inducible transcription factors (HIFs). This review focuses on currently available data how pre-mRNAs splicing contributes to cellular adaptation to hypoxic conditions, to genes which alternative splicing is regulated dependent on hypoxia and how regulation of alternative splicing under hypoxic conditions is achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvydas Kanopka
- Vilnius University, Institute of Biotechnology, Sauletekio 7, Vilnius LT-10257, Lithuania.
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19
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Lv X, Li J, Zhang C, Hu T, Li S, He S, Yan H, Tan Y, Lei M, Wen M, Zuo J. The role of hypoxia-inducible factors in tumor angiogenesis and cell metabolism. Genes Dis 2016; 4:19-24. [PMID: 30258904 PMCID: PMC6136595 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is a main heterodimeric transcription factor that regulates the cellular adaptive response to hypoxia by stimulating the transcription of a series of hypoxia-inducible genes. HIF is frequently upregulated in solid tumors, and the overexpression of HIF can promote tumor progression or aggressiveness by blood vessel architecture and altering cellular metabolism. In this review, we focused on the pivotal role of HIF in tumor angiogenesis and energy metabolism. Furthermore, we also emphasized the possibility of HIF pathway as a potential therapeutic target in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Lv
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.,School of Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Jincheng Li
- Medical School, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, Hunan 422000, China
| | - Chuhong Zhang
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Tian Hu
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Sai Li
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Sha He
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Hanxing Yan
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Yixi Tan
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Mingsheng Lei
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Zhangjiajie City Hospital, Zhangjiajie, Hunan 427000, China
| | - Meiling Wen
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Jianhong Zuo
- The Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.,School of Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
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20
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Laurinavicius A, Green AR, Laurinaviciene A, Smailyte G, Ostapenko V, Meskauskas R, Ellis IO. Ki67/SATB1 ratio is an independent prognostic factor of overall survival in patients with early hormone receptor-positive invasive ductal breast carcinoma. Oncotarget 2016; 6:41134-45. [PMID: 26512778 PMCID: PMC4747395 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological diversity of breast cancer presents challenges for personalized therapy and necessitates multiparametric approaches to understand and manage the disease. Multiple protein biomarkers tested by immunohistochemistry (IHC), followed by digital image analysis and multivariate statistics of the data, have been shown to be effective in exploring latent profiles of tumor tissue immunophenotype. In this study, based on tissue microarrays of 107 patients with hormone receptor (HR) positive invasive ductal breast carcinoma, we investigated the prognostic value of the integrated immunophenotype to predict overall survival (OS) of the patients. A set of 10 IHC markers (ER, PR, HER2, Ki67, AR, BCL2, HIF-1α, SATB1, p53, and p16) was used. The main factor of the variance was characterized by opposite loadings of ER/PR/AR/BCL2 and Ki67/HIF-1α; it was associated with histological grade but did not predict OS. The second factor was driven by SATB1 expression along with moderate positive HIF-1α and weak negative Ki67 loadings. Importantly, this factor did not correlate with any clinicopathologic parameters, but was an independent predictor of better OS. Ki67 and SATB1 did not reach statistical significance as single predictors; however, high Ki67/SATB1 ratio was an independent predictor of worse OS. In addition, our data indicate potential double prognostic meaning of HIF-1α expression in breast cancer and necessitate focused studies, taking into account the immunophenotype interactions and tissue heterogeneity aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvydas Laurinavicius
- Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.,National Center of Pathology, Vilnius University Hospital Santariskiu Clinics, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Andrew R Green
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine and Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Aida Laurinaviciene
- Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.,National Center of Pathology, Vilnius University Hospital Santariskiu Clinics, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Giedre Smailyte
- Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.,National Cancer Institute, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | - Raimundas Meskauskas
- National Center of Pathology, Vilnius University Hospital Santariskiu Clinics, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ian O Ellis
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine and Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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21
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Colombo J, Maciel JMW, Ferreira LC, DA Silva RF, Zuccari DAP. Effects of melatonin on HIF-1α and VEGF expression and on the invasive properties of hepatocarcinoma cells. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:231-237. [PMID: 27347130 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is the sixth most commonly occurring cancer globally, and the main histological type is hepatocellular carcinoma. This type of neoplasia has a poor prognosis due to a high rate of recurrence and intrahepatic metastasis, which are closely are closely associated with the angiogenic process. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which is under the control of hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), stimulates the proliferation of endothelial cells and increases cell permeability, promoting the growth, spread and metastasis of tumors. Melatonin, the main hormone secreted by the pineal gland, may have a significant role in tumor suppression and has demonstrated antiangiogenic and antimetastatic effects. The aim of the present study was to analyze the cell viability, migration and invasion, as well as the expression of proangiogenic proteins VEGF and HIF-1α, in HepG2 hepatocarcinoma cells, following treatment with melatonin. Cells were cultured and cell viability was investigated using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The expression of proangiogenic proteins VEGF and HIF-1α, under conditions of normoxia and hypoxia, was verified using immunocytochemistry and quantified by densitometry. The analysis of the processes of cell migration and invasion was performed in a Boyden chamber. The MTT assay revealed a reduction in cell viability (P=0.018) following treatment with 1 mM melatonin for 24 h. The expression of proangiogenic proteins VEGF and HIF-1α was reduced in cells treated with 1 mM melatonin for 24 h in normoxic (P<0.001) and hypoxic (P<0.001) conditions, compared with the control group and with induced hypoxia alone. The rate of cell migration and invasion was additionally reduced in cells treated with 1 mM melatonin for 48 h when compared with the control group (P=0.496). The results of the present study suggest that melatonin may have an antiproliferative, antiangiogenic and antimetastatic role in hepatocarcinoma cells and may present a novel therapeutic option for the treatment of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jucimara Colombo
- Laboratory of Molecular Investigation of Cancer (LIMC), Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, SP 15090-000, Brazil
| | - João Marcos Wolf Maciel
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, SP 15090-000, Brazil
| | - Lívia Carvalho Ferreira
- Laboratory of Molecular Investigation of Cancer (LIMC), Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, SP 15090-000, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Genetics, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - UNESP/IBILCE, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, SP 15054-000, Brazil
| | - Renato Ferreira DA Silva
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine of São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto São Paulo, SP 15090-000, Brazil
| | - Debora Aparecida Pires Zuccari
- Laboratory of Molecular Investigation of Cancer (LIMC), Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, SP 15090-000, Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Genetics, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - UNESP/IBILCE, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, SP 15054-000, Brazil; Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine of São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto São Paulo, SP 15090-000, Brazil
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22
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Zhang H, Lu C, Fang M, Yan W, Chen M, Ji Y, He S, Liu T, Chen T, Xiao J. HIF-1α activates hypoxia-induced PFKFB4 expression in human bladder cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 476:146-52. [PMID: 27181362 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PFKFB4 is reported to regulate glycolysis by synthesizing fructose-2, 6-bisphosphate (F2,6BP) and has proved to be associated with most malignancies. However, the underlying mechanism for increased PFKFB4 expression in bladder cancer remains unclear. The present study demonstrated that PFKFB4 was overexpressed in bladder cancer tissues. In addition, the expression of PFKFB4 elevated in bladder cancer cells in the hypoxic condition, while in nomoxic condition, the expression of PFKFB4 still very low. Furthermore, we identified the hypoxia-responsive elements (HRE)-D from five putative HREs in the promoter region of PFKFB4 and demonstrated that the HRE-D was transactivated by the HIF-1α in bladder cancer cells. By using the Double-immunofluorescence co-localization assay, we revealed that the HIF-1α expression was associated with PFKFB4 expression in human bladder cancer specimens. Altogether, our study for the first time identified the pivotal role of HIF-1α in the connection between PFKFB4 and hypoxia in bladder cancer, which may prove to be a potential target for the treatment of bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Department of Bone Tumor Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengyin Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Fang
- Department of Bone Tumor Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wangjun Yan
- Department of Bone Tumor Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mo Chen
- Department of Bone Tumor Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingzheng Ji
- Department of Bone Tumor Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaohui He
- Department of Bone Tumor Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tielong Liu
- Department of Bone Tumor Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Tianrui Chen
- Department of Bone Tumor Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jianru Xiao
- Department of Bone Tumor Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
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23
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Bhaskar A, Tiwary BN. Hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha and multiple myeloma. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED RESEARCH 2016; 4:706-715. [PMID: 26900575 PMCID: PMC4760640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Rapid tumor growth creates a state of hypoxia in the tumor microenvironment and results in release of hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha (HiF-1α) in the local milieu. Hypoxia inducible factor activity is deregulated in many human cancers, especially those that are highly hypoxic. In multiple myeloma (MM) in initial stages of disease establishment, the hypoxic bone marrow microenvironment supports the initial survival and growth of the myeloma cells. Hypoxic tumour cells are usually resistant to radiotherapy and most conventional chemotherapeutic agents, rendering them highly aggressive and metastatic. Therefore, HIF is an attractive, although challenging, therapeutic target in MM directly or indirectly in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Bhaskar
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (Central University), Koni, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India, 495009
| | - Bhupendra Nath Tiwary
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (Central University), Koni, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India, 495009
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24
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Sveen A, Kilpinen S, Ruusulehto A, Lothe RA, Skotheim RI. Aberrant RNA splicing in cancer; expression changes and driver mutations of splicing factor genes. Oncogene 2015; 35:2413-27. [PMID: 26300000 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 333] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alternative splicing is a widespread process contributing to structural transcript variation and proteome diversity. In cancer, the splicing process is commonly disrupted, resulting in both functional and non-functional end-products. Cancer-specific splicing events are known to contribute to disease progression; however, the dysregulated splicing patterns found on a genome-wide scale have until recently been less well-studied. In this review, we provide an overview of aberrant RNA splicing and its regulation in cancer. We then focus on the executors of the splicing process. Based on a comprehensive catalog of splicing factor encoding genes and analyses of available gene expression and somatic mutation data, we identify cancer-associated patterns of dysregulation. Splicing factor genes are shown to be significantly differentially expressed between cancer and corresponding normal samples, and to have reduced inter-individual expression variation in cancer. Furthermore, we identify enrichment of predicted cancer-critical genes among the splicing factors. In addition to previously described oncogenic splicing factor genes, we propose 24 novel cancer-critical splicing factors predicted from somatic mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sveen
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Colorectal Cancer Research Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - R A Lothe
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Colorectal Cancer Research Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - R I Skotheim
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,K.G. Jebsen Colorectal Cancer Research Centre, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Centre for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Tissue stiffness regulates serine/arginine-rich protein-mediated splicing of the extra domain B-fibronectin isoform in tumors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:8314-9. [PMID: 26106154 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1505421112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing of proteins gives rise to different isoforms that play a crucial role in regulating several cellular processes. Notably, splicing profiles are altered in several cancer types, and these profiles are believed to be involved in driving the oncogenic process. Although the importance of alternative splicing alterations occurring during cancer is increasingly appreciated, the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, we use both biochemical and physical tools coupled with engineered models, patient samples, and a murine model to investigate the role of the mechanical properties of the tumor microenvironment in regulating the production of the extra domain-B (EDB) splice variant of fibronectin (FN), a hallmark of tumor angiogenesis. Specifically, we show that the amount of EDB-FN produced by endothelial cells increases with matrix stiffness both in vitro and within mouse mammary tumors. Matrix stiffness regulates splicing through the activation of serine/arginine rich (SR) proteins, the splicing factors involved in the production of FN isoforms. Activation of the SR proteins by matrix stiffness and the subsequent production of EDB-FN are dependent on intracellular contractility and PI3K-AKT signaling. Notably, matrix stiffness-mediated splicing is not limited to EDB-FN, but also affects splicing in the production of PKC βII and the VEGF 165b splice variant. Together, these results demonstrate that the mechanical properties of the microenvironment regulate alternative splicing and establish a previously unidentified mechanism by which cells can adapt to their microenvironment.
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Ren HT, Wang XJ, Kang HF, Lin S, Wang M, Dai ZJ. Associations between C1772T polymorphism in hypoxia-inducible factor-1α gene and breast cancer: a meta-analysis. Med Sci Monit 2014; 20:2578-83. [PMID: 25484025 PMCID: PMC4266368 DOI: 10.12659/msm.892374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A meta-analysis was performed to estimate the association between HIF-1α polymorphism (C1772T) and breast cancer risk. Material/Methods The relevant published literature was retrieved from PubMed, Web of Knowledge, and Embase. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to estimate the strength of the associations. Results Six case-control studies, including 2043 cases and 2146 controls were identified. Meta-analysis showed that there was no marked association between C1772T polymorphism and breast cancer risk in the overall population in the dominant model. The subgroup analysis showed an increased breast cancer risk in Asians based on homozygote comparison and the recessive model. There were no associations between C1772T polymorphism with clinicopathological parameters and habits. Conclusions The present meta-analysis suggests that HIF-1α C1772T polymorphism is a risk factor for susceptibility to breast cancer in Asians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Tao Ren
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Xi-Jing Wang
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Hua-Feng Kang
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Shuai Lin
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Zhi-Jun Dai
- Department of Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
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Inhibition of mTOR with everolimus and silencing by vascular endothelial cell growth factor-specific siRNA induces synergistic antitumor activity in multiple myeloma cells. Cancer Gene Ther 2014; 21:275-82. [DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2014.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Revised: 05/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Maschio LB, Madallozo BB, Capellasso BAM, Jardim BV, Moschetta MG, Jampietro J, Soares FA, Zuccari DAPDC. Immunohistochemical investigation of the angiogenic proteins VEGF, HIF-1α and CD34 in invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast. Acta Histochem 2014; 116:148-57. [PMID: 23899963 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2013.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Revised: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The expression of prognostic markers in cancer has become important in diagnostic routine and research. A high mitotic rate compromises the individual cell access to oxygen and nutrients, due to reduced blood supply. Cells undertake adaptive measures such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), expressed under the control of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). CD34 is an endothelial marker which can show the presence and distribution of blood vessels. This study evaluated the presence and relative expression of VEGF, HIF-1α and CD34 using immunohistochemistry of 60 breast tumors and double staining, correlating the findings with clinical and pathological variables. High VEGF expression was correlated with low cell proliferation, lymph node-negative, smaller tumor size and patients not receiving hormone therapy. High HIF-1α expression predominated in younger (<50-year) patients, subjected to neo-adjuvant therapy and in p53-negative tumors. Absence of metastasis, radiotherapy or hormone treatment, and estrogen receptor (ER)-positive tumors showed high CD34 immunoreactivity. We suggest that the angiogenic factors VEGF, HIF-1α and CD34 are important in breast cancer progression and their abundance in breast tumors has prognostic and predictive value.
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Sedgewick AJ, Benz SC, Rabizadeh S, Soon-Shiong P, Vaske CJ. Learning subgroup-specific regulatory interactions and regulator independence with PARADIGM. Bioinformatics 2013; 29:i62-70. [PMID: 23813010 PMCID: PMC3694636 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btt229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED High-dimensional '-omics' profiling provides a detailed molecular view of individual cancers; however, understanding the mechanisms by which tumors evade cellular defenses requires deep knowledge of the underlying cellular pathways within each cancer sample. We extended the PARADIGM algorithm (Vaske et al., 2010, Bioinformatics, 26, i237-i245), a pathway analysis method for combining multiple '-omics' data types, to learn the strength and direction of 9139 gene and protein interactions curated from the literature. Using genomic and mRNA expression data from 1936 samples in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort, we learned interactions that provided support for and relative strength of 7138 (78%) of the curated links. Gene set enrichment found that genes involved in the strongest interactions were significantly enriched for transcriptional regulation, apoptosis, cell cycle regulation and response to tumor cells. Within the TCGA breast cancer cohort, we assessed different interaction strengths between breast cancer subtypes, and found interactions associated with the MYC pathway and the ER alpha network to be among the most differential between basal and luminal A subtypes. PARADIGM with the Naive Bayesian assumption produced gene activity predictions that, when clustered, found groups of patients with better separation in survival than both the original version of PARADIGM and a version without the assumption. We found that this Naive Bayes assumption was valid for the vast majority of co-regulators, indicating that most co-regulators act independently on their shared target. AVAILABILITY http://paradigm.five3genomics.com. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Sedgewick
- Joint Carnegie Mellon - University of Pittsburgh Ph.D Program in Computational Biology, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
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Alcántara-Hernández M, Torres-Zárate C, Pérez-Montesinos G, Jurado-Santacruz F, Domínguez-Gómez MA, Peniche-Castellanos A, Ferat-Osorio E, Neri N, Nambo MJ, Alvarado-Cabrero I, Moreno-Lafont M, Huerta-Yepez S, Bonifaz LC. Overexpression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha impacts FoxP3 levels in mycosis fungoides--cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: clinical implications. Int J Cancer 2013; 134:2136-45. [PMID: 24127318 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Mycosis fungoides (MF) is the most common variant of primary cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, and decreased forkhead box P3 (FoxP3) expression has been reported in MF late stages. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) may regulate FoxP3 expression; however, it is unknown whether HIF-1α is expressed in the CD4(+) T cells of MF patients and how it could affect the expression of FoxP3. Therefore, we evaluated the expression of HIF-1α and FoxP3 in CD4(+) T cells obtained from the skin lesions of MF patients. We found increased cell proliferation and an increase in CD4(+) T cells with an aberrant phenotype among early stage MF patients. HIF-1α was overexpressed in these CD4(+) T cells. In addition, we found a decrease in the percentage of FoxP3(+) cells both in the skin of MF patients, when compared with control skin samples, and with disease progression. In addition, a negative correlation was established between HIF-1α and FoxP3 expression. Skin HIF-1α expression in MF patients correlated with the extent of the affected area and increased with the disease progression. Finally, we showed that ex vivo inhibition of HIF-1α degradation increases the percentage of FoxP3(+) T cells in skin lesions. Our results suggest that overexpression of HIF-1α affects the levels of FoxP3 in MF patients, which could have relevant implications in terms of disease outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Alcántara-Hernández
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunoquímica, Hospital de Especialidades, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, México city, México; Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto, Politécnico Nacional, México city, México
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Fanale D, Bazan V, Caruso S, Castiglia M, Bronte G, Rolfo C, Cicero G, Russo A. Hypoxia and human genome stability: downregulation of BRCA2 expression in breast cancer cell lines. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:746858. [PMID: 24171172 PMCID: PMC3793298 DOI: 10.1155/2013/746858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Previously, it has been reported that hypoxia causes increased mutagenesis and alteration in DNA repair mechanisms. In 2005, an interesting study showed that hypoxia-induced decreases in BRCA1 expression and the consequent suppression of homologous recombination may lead to genetic instability. However, nothing is yet known about the involvement of BRCA2 in hypoxic conditions in breast cancer. Initially, a cell proliferation assay allowed us to hypothesize that hypoxia could negatively regulate the breast cancer cell growth in short term in vitro studies. Subsequently, we analyzed gene expression in breast cancer cell lines exposed to hypoxic condition by microarray analysis. Interestingly, genes involved in DNA damage repair pathways such as mismatch repair, nucleotide excision repair, nonhomologous end-joining and homologous recombination repair were downregulated. In particular, we focused on the BRCA2 downregulation which was confirmed at mRNA and protein level. In addition, breast cancer cells were treated with dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG), a cell-permeable inhibitor of both proline and asparaginyl hydroxylases able to induce HIF-1 α stabilization in normoxia, providing results comparable to those previously described. These findings may provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying genetic instability mediated by hypoxia and BRCA involvement in sporadic breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Fanale
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Viviana Bazan
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Stefano Caruso
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Marta Castiglia
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bronte
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Christian Rolfo
- Phase I-Early Clinical Trials Unit, Oncology Department and Multidisciplinary Oncology Center Antwerp (MOCA), Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Giuseppe Cicero
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Russo
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
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Bronchiolitis obliterans after allogeneic hematopoietic SCT: further insight—new perspectives? Bone Marrow Transplant 2013; 48:1224-9. [DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2013.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Revised: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Jewer M, Findlay SD, Postovit LM. Post-transcriptional regulation in cancer progression : Microenvironmental control of alternative splicing and translation. J Cell Commun Signal 2012; 6:233-48. [PMID: 23054595 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-012-0179-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The microenvironment acts as a conduit for cellular communication, delivering signals that direct development and sustain tissue homeostasis. In pathologies such as cancer, this integral function of the microenvironment is hijacked to support tumor growth and progression. Cells sense the microenvironment via signal transduction pathways culminating in altered gene expression. In addition to induced transcriptional changes, the microenvironment exerts its effect on the cell through regulation of post-transcriptional processes including alternative splicing and translational control. Here we describe how alternative splicing and protein translation are controlled by microenvironmental parameters such as oxygen availability. We also emphasize how these pathways can be utilized to support processes that are hallmarks of cancer such as angiogenesis, proliferation, and cell migration. We stress that cancer cells respond to their microenvironment through an integrated regulation of gene expression at multiple levels that collectively contribute to disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Jewer
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, The Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, 438 Medical Science Building, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada
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Ben Lassoued A, Beaufils N, Dales JP, Gabert J. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α as prognostic marker. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 7:53-70. [DOI: 10.1517/17530059.2012.719022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Textoris J, Beaufils N, Quintana G, Ben Lassoued A, Zieleskiewicz L, Wiramus S, Blasco V, Lesavre N, Martin C, Gabert J, Leone M. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF1α) gene expression in human shock states. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2012; 16:R120. [PMID: 22781303 PMCID: PMC3580697 DOI: 10.1186/cc11414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF1) controls the expression of genes involved in the cellular response to hypoxia. No information is available on its expression in critically ill patients. Thus, we designed the first clinical study in order to evaluate the role of HIF1α as a prognosis marker in patients suffering from shock. Methods Fifty consecutive adult patients with shock and 11 healthy volunteers were prospectively enrolled in the study. RNA was extracted from whole blood samples and expression of HIF1α was assessed over the first four hours of shock. The primary objective was to assess HIF1α as a prognostic marker in shock. Secondary objectives were to evaluate the role of HIF1α as a diagnostic and follow-up marker. Patient survival was evaluated at day 28. Results The causes of shock were sepsis (78%), hemorrhage (18%), and cardiac dysfunction (4%). HIF1α expression was significantly higher in the shock patients than in the healthy volunteers (121 (range: 72-168) versus 48 (range: 38-54) normalized copies, P <0.01), whatever the measured isoforms. It was similar in non-survivors and survivors (108 (range 84-183) versus 121(range 72-185) normalized copies, P = 0.92), and did not significantly change within the study period. Conclusions The present study is the first to demonstrate an increased expression of HIF1α in patients with shock. Further studies are needed to clarify the potential association with outcome. Our findings reinforce the value of monitoring plasma lactate levels to guide the treatment of shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Textoris
- Service d’anesthésie et de réanimation, Hôpital Nord, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Chemin des bourrely, 13915, Marseille, France.
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Rodríguez-Enríquez S, Pacheco-Velázquez SC, Gallardo-Pérez JC, Marín-Hernández A, Aguilar-Ponce JL, Ruiz-García E, Ruizgodoy-Rivera LM, Meneses-García A, Moreno-Sánchez R. Multi-biomarker pattern for tumor identification and prognosis. J Cell Biochem 2012; 112:2703-15. [PMID: 21678471 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.23224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In last decades, the basic, clinical, and translational research efforts have been directed to the identification of standard biomarkers associated with the degree of malignancy. There is an increasingly public health concern for earlier detection of cancer development at stages in which successful treatments can be achieved. To meet this urgent clinical demand, early stage cancer biomarkers supported by reliable and robust experimental data that can be readily applicable in the clinical practice, are required. In the current standard protocols, when one or two of the canonical proliferating index biomarkers are analyzed, contradictory results are frequently reached leading to incorrect cancer diagnostic and unsuccessful therapies. Therefore, the identification of other cellular characteristics or signatures present in the tumor cells either alone or in combination with the well-established proliferation markers emerge as an alternative strategy in the improvement of cancer diagnosis and treatment. Because it is well known that several pathways and processes are altered in tumor cells, the concept of "single marker" in cancer results incorrect. Therefore, this review aims to analyze and discuss the proposal that the molecular profile of different genes or proteins in different altered tumor pathways must be established to provide a better global clinical pattern for cancer detection and prognosis.
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Laurinavicius A, Laurinaviciene A, Ostapenko V, Dasevicius D, Jarmalaite S, Lazutka J. Immunohistochemistry profiles of breast ductal carcinoma: factor analysis of digital image analysis data. Diagn Pathol 2012; 7:27. [PMID: 22424533 PMCID: PMC3319425 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-7-27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molecular studies of breast cancer revealed biological heterogeneity of the disease and opened new perspectives for personalized therapy. While multiple gene expression-based systems have been developed, current clinical practice is largely based upon conventional clinical and pathologic criteria. This gap may be filled by development of combined multi-IHC indices to characterize biological and clinical behaviour of the tumours. Digital image analysis (DA) with multivariate statistics of the data opens new opportunities in this field. METHODS Tissue microarrays of 109 patients with breast ductal carcinoma were stained for a set of 10 IHC markers (ER, PR, HER2, Ki67, AR, BCL2, HIF-1α, SATB1, p53, and p16). Aperio imaging platform with the Genie, Nuclear and Membrane algorithms were used for the DA. Factor analysis of the DA data was performed in the whole group and hormone receptor (HR) positive subgroup of the patients (n = 85). RESULTS Major factor potentially reflecting aggressive disease behaviour (i-Grade) was extracted, characterized by opposite loadings of ER/PR/AR/BCL2 and Ki67/HIF-1α. The i-Grade factor scores revealed bimodal distribution and were strongly associated with higher Nottingham histological grade (G) and more aggressive intrinsic subtypes. In HR-positive tumours, the aggressiveness of the tumour was best defined by positive Ki67 and negative ER loadings. High Ki67/ER factor scores were strongly associated with the higher G and Luminal B types, but also were detected in a set of G1 and Luminal A cases, potentially indicating high risk patients in these categories. Inverse relation between HER2 and PR expression was found in the HR-positive tumours pointing at differential information conveyed by the ER and PR expression. SATB1 along with HIF-1α reflected the second major factor of variation in our patients; in the HR-positive group they were inversely associated with the HR and BCL2 expression and represented the major factor of variation. Finally, we confirmed high expression levels of p16 in Triple-negative tumours. CONCLUSION Factor analysis of multiple IHC biomarkers measured by automated DA is an efficient exploratory tool clarifying complex interdependencies in the breast ductal carcinoma IHC profiles and informative value of single IHC markers. Integrated IHC indices may provide additional risk stratifications for the currently used grading systems and prove to be useful in clinical outcome studies. VIRTUAL SLIDES The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1512077125668949.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvydas Laurinavicius
- National Center of Pathology, affiliate of Vilnius University Hospital Santariskiu Clinics, P,Baublio 5, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania.
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Mitra S, Stemke-Hale K, Mills GB, Claerhout S. Interactions between tumor cells and microenvironment in breast cancer: a new opportunity for targeted therapy. Cancer Sci 2012; 103:400-7. [PMID: 22151725 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2011.02183.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer remains the leading cause of morbidity and second-leading cause of death in women. Despite efforts to uncover new targeted therapies, a vast number of women die due to refractory or recurrent breast tumors. Most breast cancer studies have focused on the intrinsic characteristics of breast tumor cells, including altered growth, proliferation, and metabolism. However, emerging research suggests that the tumor microenvironment can substantially affect relapse rates and therapeutic responses. In this review, we discuss the interactions between the tumor and microenvironment in breast cancer, with regard to mutational profiles and altered metabolism that could serve as potential therapeutic targets. We also describe current technologies available to study these interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Mitra
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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Tilli TM, Franco VF, Robbs BK, Wanderley JLM, da Silva FRDA, de Mello KD, Viola JPB, Weber GF, Gimba ER. Osteopontin-c splicing isoform contributes to ovarian cancer progression. Mol Cancer Res 2011; 9:280-93. [PMID: 21263033 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-10-0463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian carcinoma is one of the most aggressive gynecological diseases and generally diagnosed at advanced stages. Osteopontin (OPN) is one of the proteins overexpressed in ovarian cancer and is involved in tumorigenesis and metastasis. Alternative splicing of OPN leads to 3 isoforms, OPNa, OPNb, and OPNc. However, the expression pattern and the roles of each of these isoforms have not been previously characterized in ovarian cancer. Herein, we have evaluated the expression profiling of OPN isoforms in ovarian tumor and nontumor samples and their putative roles in ovarian cancer biology using in vitro and in vivo functional assays. OPNa and OPNb were expressed both in tumor and nontumor ovarian samples, whereas OPNc was specifically expressed in ovarian tumor samples. The isoform OPNc significantly activated OvCar-3 cell proliferation, migration, invasion, anchorage-independent growth and tumor formation in vivo. Additionally, we have also shown that some of the OPNc-dependent protumorigenic roles are mediated by PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. OPNc stimulated immortalized ovarian epithelial IOSE cell proliferation, indicating a role for this isoform in ovarian cancer tumorigenesis. Functional assays using OPNc conditioned medium and an anti-OPNc antibody have shown that most cellular effects observed herein were promoted by the secreted OPNc. According to our data, OPNc-specific expression in ovarian tumor samples and its role on favoring different aspects of ovarian cancer progression suggest that secreted OPNc contributes to the physiopathology of ovarian cancer progression and tumorigenesis. Altogether, the data open possibilities of new therapeutic approaches for ovarian cancer that selectively down regulate OPNc, altering its properties favoring ovarian tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana M Tilli
- Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Coordenação de Pesquisa, Divisão de Medicina Experimental and Biologia Celular, Centro-Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Vordermark D. Hypoxia-specific targets in cancer therapy: role of splice variants. BMC Med 2010; 8:45. [PMID: 20624302 PMCID: PMC2909930 DOI: 10.1186/1741-7015-8-45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2010] [Accepted: 07/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumour hypoxia is a well known adverse prognostic factor in the treatment of solid tumours. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha (HIF-1alpha), a transcription factor subunit regulating a large number of hypoxia-responsive genes, is considered an attractive target for novel treatment approaches, due to a frequently reported association between HIF-1alpha overexpression and poor outcome in clinical series. This month in BMC Medicine, Dales et al. report on splice variants of HIF-1alpha in fresh frozen tissue samples of early human breast cancer, finding an association of mRNA levels of the variant HIF-1alphaTAG with adverse clinical factors (lymph node status, hormone receptor status) and poor metastasis-free survival. This preliminary study addresses the possibility that specific targeting of individual isoforms resulting from alternative splicing may play a role in HIF-1-directed treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Vordermark
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Germany.
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