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Chen J, Ge J, Chen W, Zhao Y, Song T, Fu K, Li X, Zheng Y. UPLC-Q-TOF-MS based investigation into the bioactive compounds and molecular mechanisms of Lamiophlomis Herba against hepatic fibrosis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 121:155085. [PMID: 37757709 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lamiophlomis Herba (LH) is a valuable traditional medicinal plant found on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau that promotes blood circulation, removes blood stasis, and has antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. The main components of LH are iridoid glycosides, phenethyl alcohol glycosides, flavonoids, and polysaccharides. PURPOSE To investigate the mechanism of the anti-liver fibrosis effects of LH and screen for its bioactive compounds. STUDY DESIGN Screening LH marker components and validating the LH anti-liver fibrosis mechanism. METHODS The active ingredients of LH were identified using UPLC-Q-TOF-MS, and HotMap combined with principal components analysis (PCA) was used to screen for marker components. Network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques were used to predict the potential anti-fibrotic targets of LH. Immunofluorescence, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), real-time PCR (RT-PCR), and western blotting were used for experimental validation and mechanistic studies. RESULTS Fifteen compounds that actively contributed to the cluster were identified as marker compounds. Acteoside, 8-O-acetyl shanzhiside methyl ester (8-O-ASME), Luteolin, Shanzhiside Methyl ester (SME), Loganin, Loganate were the main active components. Network pharmacology and molecular docking studies have shown that LH might improve liver fibrosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress, which might be related to key targets such as PTGS2, MAPK, EGFR, AKT1, SRC, Fn1, Col3a1, Col1a1, and PC-III. The results of ELISA, RT-PCR and western blot experiments showed that Acteoside, 8-O-ASME, Luteolin, SME, Loganin, Loganate, and the LH group could reduce the levels of fibronectin, Col1a1, Col3a1, α-SMA, Col-Ⅳ, LN, and PC-Ⅲ. CONCLUSION LH improves liver fibrosis induced by HSC-T6 cells and inhibits the deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) in hepatocytes, resulting in a decrease in the degree of liver fibrosis and a good anti-liver fibrosis effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzi Chen
- Chinese Medicine Rehabilitation Department, Tianjin Nankai Hospital, Tianjin, 300100, China
| | - Jiaming Ge
- School of Chinese Materia Medical, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Substance of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Weisan Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medical, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Substance of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- School of Chinese Materia Medical, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Substance of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Tianbao Song
- School of Chinese Materia Medical, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Substance of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Kun Fu
- Second Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300120, China
| | - Xiankuan Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medical, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Substance of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Yanchao Zheng
- School of Chinese Materia Medical, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Substance of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
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Li T, Jia L, Du R, Liu C, Huang S, Yu H, Han L, Chen X, Wang Y, Jiang M. Comparative investigation of aerial part and root in Lamiophlomis rotata using UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS coupled with chemometrics. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.103740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Gong P, Zou Y, Zhang W, Tian Q, Han S, Xu Z, Chen Q, Wang X, Li M. The neuroprotective effects of Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 via the Hippo/YAP signaling pathway are mediated by the PI3K/AKT cascade following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Brain Res Bull 2021; 177:373-387. [PMID: 34717965 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) has neuroprotective actions, including vasodilatory, anti-inflammatory, and antithrombotic effects, following ischemic stroke. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effects of IGF-1 following ischemic stroke remain unknown. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated whether IGF-1 exerted its neuroprotective effects by regulating the Hippo/YAP signaling pathway, potentially via activation of the PI3K/AKT cascade, following ischemic stroke. In the in vitro study, we exposed cultured PC12 and SH-5YSY cells, and cortical primary neurons, to oxygen-glucose deprivation. Cell viability was measured using CCK-8 assay. In the in vivo study, Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion. Neurological function was assessed using a modified neurologic scoring system and the modified neurological severity score (mNSS) test, brain edema was detected by brain water content measurement, infarct volume was measured using triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining, and neuronal death and apoptosis were evaluated by TUNEL/NeuN double staining, HE and Nissl staining, and immunohistochemistry staining for NeuN. Finally, western blot analysis was used to measure the level of IGF-1 in vivo and levels of YAP/TAZ, PI3K and phosphorylated AKT (p-AKT) both in vitro and in vivo. IGF-1 induced activation of YAP/TAZ, which resulted in improved cell viability in vitro, and reduced neurological deficits, brain water content, neuronal death and apoptosis, and cerebral infarct volume in vivo. Notably, the neuroprotective effects of IGF-1 were blocked by an inhibitor of the PI3K/AKT cascade, LY294002. LY294002 treatment not only downregulated PI3K and p-AKT, but YAP/TAZ as well, leading to aggravation of neurological dysfunction and worsening of brain damage. Our findings indicate that the neuroprotective effects of IGF-1 are, at least in part mediated by upregulation of YAP/TAZ via activation of the PI3K/AKT cascade following cerebral ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pian Gong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, PR China
| | - Yichun Zou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, PR China
| | - Qi Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, PR China
| | - Shoumeng Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, PR China
| | - Zhou Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, PR China
| | - Qianxue Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, PR China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mingchang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, PR China.
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Li Y, Li F, Zheng TT, Shi L, Zhang ZG, Niu TM, Wang QY, Zhao DS, Li W, Zhao P. Lamiophlomis herba: A comprehensive overview of its chemical constituents, pharmacology, clinical applications, and quality control. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 144:112299. [PMID: 34656063 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lamiophlomis rotata (Benth.) Kudo (LR) is an extensively used Chinese herbal medicine. It contains a variety of chemical constituents with significant biological activities that were first recorded in the classical masterpiece of Tibetan Medicine, Somaratsa. In this review, we summarize the information regarding the traditional uses, chemical constituents, pharmacological effects, clinical applications, quality control, toxicology, and pharmacokinetics of LR. At least 223 chemical constituents have been isolated from LR, including phenylethanoid glycosides, flavonoids, iridoids, volatile oils, et al. Their various physiological activities have been demonstrated as analgesic, hemostatic, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, marrow-supplementing, anti-bacterial, and immunity-strengthening. The clinical applications of LR and quality control are also discussed, as well as some existing problems. This article aims to provide more comprehensive information on the chemical composition, pharmacological activity, and clinical application of LR, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the further reasonable development of LR in clinical practice and of new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, China
| | - Fang Li
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, China
| | - Ting-Ting Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, China
| | - Lei Shi
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, China
| | - Tian-Mei Niu
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, China
| | - Qiu-Yue Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, China.
| | - Wei Li
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, China.
| | - Pan Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong 250355, China.
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Zeng J, Zheng S, Chen Y, Qu Y, Xie J, Hong E, Lv H, Ding R, Feng L, Xie Z. Puerarin attenuates intracerebral hemorrhage-induced early brain injury possibly by PI3K/Akt signal activation-mediated suppression of NF-κB pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:7809-7824. [PMID: 34180121 PMCID: PMC8358853 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) can induce intensively oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and brain cell apoptosis. However, currently, there is no highly effective treatment available. Puerarin (PUE) possesses excellent neuroprotective effects by suppressing the NF‐κB pathway and activating the PI3K/Akt signal, but its role and related mechanisms in ICH‐induced early brain injury (EBI) remain unclear. In this study, we intended to observe the effects of PUE and molecular mechanisms on ICH‐induced EBI. ICH was induced in rats by collagenase IV injection. PUE was intraperitoneally administrated alone or with simultaneously intracerebroventricular injection of LY294002 (a specific inhibitor of the PI3K/Akt signal). Neurological deficiency, histological impairment, brain edema, hematoma volume, blood–brain barrier destruction, and brain cell apoptosis were evaluated. Western blot, immunohistochemistry staining, reactive oxygen species (ROS) measurement, and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay were performed. PUE administration at 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg could significantly reduce ICH‐induced neurological deficits and EBI. Moreover, PUE could notably restrain ICH‐induced upregulation of the NF‐κB pathway, pro‐inflammatory cytokines, ROS level, and apoptotic pathway and activate the PI3K/Akt signal. However, LY294002 delivery could efficaciously weaken these neuroprotective effects of PUE. Overall, PUE could attenuate ICH‐induced behavioral defects and EBI possibly by PI3K/Akt signal stimulation‐mediated inhibition of the NF‐κB pathway, and this made PUE a potential candidate as a promising therapeutic option for ICH‐induced EBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zeng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Institute of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shizhong Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yizhao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaoming Qu
- Department of Radiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiayu Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Enhui Hong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongzhu Lv
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chenzhou No. 1 People's Hospital, Chenzhou, China
| | - Zhichong Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Inhibition of cytochrome P450 2B6 by Astragalus extract mixture HT042. Toxicol Res 2020; 36:195-201. [PMID: 32685423 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-019-00027-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Astragalus extract mixture (AEM) HT042 is a functional food approved by the MFDS (Korean FDA) for increasing height. It comprises a mixture of three standardized extracts from Astragalus membranaceus root, Eleutherococcus senticosus stem, and Phlomis umbrosa root. In this study, drug-functional food interaction was analyzed using six major human cytochrome P450 enzymes. The inhibitory effect of AEM HT042 on P450 activities was studied using a P450-NADPH P450 reductase reconstitution system. Among the six P450 enzymes (1A2, 2A6, 2B6, 2D6, 2C9, and 3A4), only P450 2B6 activity was markedly decreased by AEM HT042 addition. The bupropion hydroxylation activity of P450 2B6 was analyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). A calculated IC50 value of 10.62 µg/ml was obtained. To identify the inhibitory compounds in the mixture, four active compounds in AEM HT042 were analyzed. Shanzhiside methylester exhibited inhibitory effects on P450 2B6, whereas formononetin, eleutheroside E, and sesamoside did not affect P450 2B6 activity at all. Our results suggest that shanzhiside methylester in AEM HT042 is responsible for the inhibitory effect on P450 2B6 metabolism. Characterization of the inhibitory effect on P450 can help determine the safe administration of functional foods along with many clinical drugs that are metabolized by P450.
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Cui ZH, Qin SS, Zang EH, Li C, Gao L, Li QC, Wang YL, Huang XZ, Zhang ZY, Li MH. Traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of Lamiophlomis rotata (Benth.) Kudo: a review. RSC Adv 2020; 10:11463-11474. [PMID: 35495311 PMCID: PMC9050497 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra01050b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lamiophlomis rotata (Benth.) Kudo is a herbaceous plant of the family Lamiaceae, subfamily Lamioideae. Approximately, 127 chemical constituents have been isolated and identified from L. rotata, including iridoids, flavonoids, phenylethanoid glycosides, polysaccharides, and organic acids. These chemical constituents have extensive pharmacological properties, which include anti-nociceptive, haemostatic, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumour, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, and cardio-protective activities. Documentation of its historical use in traditional medicine and contemporary phytochemical and pharmacological research indicate that L. rotata has significant potential in therapeutic and health care applications. Both whole extracts and individual chemical components isolated from this plant exhibit a wide range of biological activities that warrant further investigation. These investigations can be assisted by careful review of existing traditional knowledge from diverse cultural backgrounds. A new search for chemical and biological markers and reinforced protection of the germplasm resources of L. rotata are also important to ensure targeted and sustainable use of this medicinal resource. The aim of this review was to provide comprehensive information on the botanical characteristics, traditional uses, ethnopharmacology, chemical and pharmacological properties, toxicity profile, and conservation status of L. rotata, to improve understanding of its mechanisms of action so that novel therapeutic agents may be developed from this plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan-Hu Cui
- Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants Nanning Guangxi 530023 China
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou Fujian 350002 China
| | - Shuang-Shuang Qin
- Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants Nanning Guangxi 530023 China
| | - Er-Huan Zang
- Baotou Medical College Baotou Inner Mongolia 014060 China
| | - Chao Li
- Nanyang Institute of Technology Nanyang Henan 473004 China
| | - Li Gao
- Nanyang Institute of Technology Nanyang Henan 473004 China
| | - Quan-Chao Li
- The First People's Hospital of Nanyang Affiliated to Henan University Nanyang Henan 473010 China
| | - Yun-Long Wang
- The First People's Hospital of Nanyang Affiliated to Henan University Nanyang Henan 473010 China
| | | | - Zhong-Yi Zhang
- Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants Nanning Guangxi 530023 China
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou Fujian 350002 China
| | - Min-Hui Li
- Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants Nanning Guangxi 530023 China
- Baotou Medical College Baotou Inner Mongolia 014060 China
- Inner Mongolia Medical University Hohhot Inner Mongolia 010110 China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Characteristic Geoherbs Resources and Utilization, Baotou Medical College Baotou Inner Mongolia 014060 China
- Inner Mongolia Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Hohhot Inner Mongolia 010020 China
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Liu Y, Wu C, Hou Z, Fu X, Yuan L, Sun S, Zhang H, Yang D, Yao X, Yang J. Pseudoginsenoside-F11 Accelerates Microglial Phagocytosis of Myelin Debris and Attenuates Cerebral Ischemic Injury Through Complement Receptor 3. Neuroscience 2020; 426:33-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Zhang B, Saatman KE, Chen L. Therapeutic potential of natural compounds from Chinese medicine in acute and subacute phases of ischemic stroke. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:416-424. [PMID: 31571650 PMCID: PMC6921351 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.265545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability in adults worldwide, resulting in huge social and financial burdens. Extracts from herbs, especially those used in Chinese medicine, have emerged as new pharmaceuticals for stroke treatment. Here we review the evidence from preclinical studies investigating neuroprotective properties of Chinese medicinal compounds through their application in acute and subacute phases of ischemic stroke, and highlight potential mechanisms underlying their therapeutic effects. It is noteworthy that many herbal compounds have been shown to target multiple mechanisms and in combinations may exert synergistic effects on signaling pathways, thereby attenuating multiple aspects of ischemic pathology. We conclude the paper with a general discussion of the prospects for novel natural compound-based regimens against stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Zhang
- College of Public Health, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Kathryn E Saatman
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, KY, USA
| | - Lei Chen
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, KY, USA
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Liang W, Lin C, Yuan L, Chen L, Guo P, Li P, Wang W, Zhang X. Preactivation of Notch1 in remote ischemic preconditioning reduces cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury through crosstalk with the NF-κB pathway. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:181. [PMID: 31526384 PMCID: PMC6747758 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1570-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) initiates endogenous protective pathways in the brain from a distance and represents a new, promising paradigm in neuroprotection against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, the underlying mechanism of RIPC-mediated cerebral ischemia tolerance is complicated and not well understood. We reported previously that preactivation of Notch1 mediated the neuroprotective effects of cerebral ischemic preconditioning in rats subjected to cerebral I/R injury. The present study seeks to further explore the role of crosstalk between the Notch1 and NF-κB signaling pathways in the process of RIPC-induced neuroprotection. Methods Middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion (MCAO/R) in adult male rats and oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R) in primary hippocampal neurons were used as models of I/R injury in vivo and in vitro, respectively. RIPC was induced by a 3-day procedure with 4 cycles of 5 min of left hind limb ischemia followed by 5 min of reperfusion each day before MCAO/R. Intracerebroventricular DAPT injection and sh-Notch1 lentivirus interference were used to inhibit the Notch1 signaling pathway in vivo and in vitro, respectively. After 24 h of reperfusion, neurological deficit scores, infarct volume, neuronal apoptosis, and cell viability were assessed. The protein expression levels of NICD, Hes1, Phospho-IKKα/β (p-IKK α/β), Phospho-NF-κB p65 (p-NF-κB p65), Bcl-2, and Bax were assessed by Western blotting. Results RIPC significantly improved neurological scores and reduced infarct volume and neuronal apoptosis in rats subjected to I/R injury. OGD preconditioning significantly reduced neuronal apoptosis and improved cell viability after I/R injury on days 3 and 7 after OGD/R. However, the neuroprotective effect was reversed by DAPT in vivo and attenuated by Notch1-RNAi in vitro. RIPC significantly upregulated the expression of proteins related to the Notch1 and NF-κB pathways. NF-κB signaling pathway activity was suppressed by a Notch1 signaling pathway inhibitor and Notch1-RNAi. Conclusions The neuroprotective effect of RIPC against cerebral I/R injury was associated with preactivation of the Notch1 and NF-κB pathways in neurons. The NF-κB pathway is a downstream target of the Notch1 pathway in RIPC and helps protect focal cerebral I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Liang
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Chunshui Lin
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Liuqing Yuan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Li Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Peipei Guo
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Anesthesia, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
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Liu Y, Xue X, Zhang H, Che X, Luo J, Wang P, Xu J, Xing Z, Yuan L, Liu Y, Fu X, Su D, Sun S, Zhang H, Wu C, Yang J. Neuronal-targeted TFEB rescues dysfunction of the autophagy-lysosomal pathway and alleviates ischemic injury in permanent cerebral ischemia. Autophagy 2018; 15:493-509. [PMID: 30304977 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2018.1531196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mounting attention has been focused on defects in macroautophagy/autophagy and the autophagy-lysosomal pathway (ALP) in cerebral ischemia. TFEB (transcription factor EB)-mediated induction of ALP has been recently considered as the common mechanism in ameliorating the pathological lesion of myocardial ischemia and neurodegenerative diseases. Here we explored the vital role of TFEB in permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO)-mediated dysfunction of ALP and ischemic insult in rats. The results showed that ALP function was first enhanced in the early stage of the ischemic process, especially in neurons of the cortex, and this was accompanied by increased TFEB expression and translocation to the nucleus, which was mediated at least in part through activation by PPP3/calcineurin. At the later stages of ischemia, a gradual decrease in the level of nuclear TFEB was coupled with a progressive decline in lysosomal activity, accumulation of autophagosomes and autophagy substrates, and exacerbation of the ischemic injury. Notably, neuron-specific overexpression of TFEB significantly enhanced ALP function and rescued the ischemic damage, starting as early as 6 h and even lasting to 48 h after ischemia. Furthermore, neuron-specific knockdown of TFEB markedly reversed the activation of ALP and further aggravated the neurological deficits and ischemic outcome at the early stage of pMCAO. These results highlight neuronal-targeted TFEB as one of the key players in the pMCAO-mediated dysfunction of ALP and ischemic injury, and identify TFEB as a promising target for therapies aimed at neuroprotection in cerebral ischemia. Abbreviations: AAV, adeno-associated virus; AIF1/IBA1, allograft inflammatory factor 1; ALP, autophagy-lysosomal pathway; CQ, chloroquine; CTSB, cathepsin B; CTSD, cathepsin D; CsA, cyclosporin A; GFAP, glial fibrillary acidic protein; LAMP, lysosomal-associated membrane protein; LC3, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3; MAP2, microtubule-associated protein 2; mNSS, modified Neurological Severity Score; MTOR, mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; OGD, oxygen and glucose deprivation; pMCAO, permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion; RBFOX3/NeuN, RNA binding fox-1 homolog 3; SQSTM1, sequestosome1; TFEB, transcription factor EB; TTC, 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyang Liu
- a Department of Pharmacology , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Xue Xue
- b State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology , College of Pharmacy, Nankai University , Tianjin , China
| | - Haotian Zhang
- a Department of Pharmacology , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Xiaohang Che
- a Department of Pharmacology , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Jing Luo
- c Gene Engineering and Biotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory, College of Life Sciences , Beijing Normal University , Beijing , China
| | - Ping Wang
- c Gene Engineering and Biotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory, College of Life Sciences , Beijing Normal University , Beijing , China
| | - Jiaoyan Xu
- a Department of Pharmacology , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Zheng Xing
- a Department of Pharmacology , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Linlin Yuan
- a Department of Pharmacology , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Yinglu Liu
- a Department of Pharmacology , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Xiaoxiao Fu
- a Department of Pharmacology , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Dongmei Su
- a Department of Pharmacology , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Shibo Sun
- a Department of Pharmacology , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Haonan Zhang
- a Department of Pharmacology , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Chunfu Wu
- a Department of Pharmacology , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , China
| | - Jingyu Yang
- a Department of Pharmacology , Shenyang Pharmaceutical University , Shenyang , China
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Zhang Q, Mao Z, Zhang Q, Qiu J, Jia Z, Qin L. Acute and sub-chronic toxicological studies of the iridoid glycosides extract of Lamiophlomis rotata (Benth.) Kudo in rats. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 92:315-323. [PMID: 29287802 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2017.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Quanlong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, PR China.
| | - Zhujun Mao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, PR China; Department of Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, 310007, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Qiaoyan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, PR China
| | - Jianguo Qiu
- Department of Pharmacy, Lanzhou General Hospital of PLA, Lanzhou, 730050, PR China
| | - Zhengping Jia
- Department of Pharmacy, Lanzhou General Hospital of PLA, Lanzhou, 730050, PR China
| | - Luping Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, PR China.
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13
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Liu YY, Zhang TY, Xue X, Liu DM, Zhang HT, Yuan LL, Liu YL, Yang HL, Sun SB, Zhang C, Xu HS, Wu CF, Yang JY. Pseudoginsenoside-F11 attenuates cerebral ischemic injury by alleviating autophagic/lysosomal defects. CNS Neurosci Ther 2017; 23:567-579. [PMID: 28485547 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Pseudoginsenoside-F11 (PF11), an ocotillol-type ginsenoside, has been reported to exert wide-ranging neuroprotective properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect and potential mechanisms of PF11 on the autophagic/lysosomal pathway following ischemic stroke. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO). Cerebral ischemia outcome, TUNEL staining, Fluoro-Jade B staining were carried out 24 hours poststroke. The autophagic/lysosomal-related proteins were measured. RESULTS A single administration of PF11 significantly decreased the infarct area, reduced the brain water content, and improved neurological functions, even 4 hours after the onset of pMCAO. Meanwhile, PF11 lessened the ischemic insult-mediated loss of neurons and activation of astrocytes and microglia. Furthermore, PF11 attenuated pMCAO-induced accumulations of autophagosomes and apoptosis. We further observed a remarkable effect of PF11 in reversing the ischemic insult-induced accumulation of autophagosomes (LC3-II) and abnormal aggregation of autophagic proteins (SQSTM1 and ubiquitin). Furthermore, PF11 was capable of improving lysosomal function and lysosome/autophagosome fusion following pMCAO, and this change was reversed by the lysosomal inhibitor chloroquine. Also, the improvement of ischemic outcome and the antiapoptotic effect induced by PF11 was reversed by CQ. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that the autophagic flux is impaired in a rat model of pMCAO, and that PF11 exerts an excellent protective effect against ischemic stroke by alleviating autophagic/lysosomal defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Yang Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tian-Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xue Xue
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dong-Mei Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hao-Tian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lin-Lin Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ying-Lu Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Han-Lin Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shi-Bo Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - He-Song Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chun-Fu Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jing-Yu Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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14
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Lee D, Kim YS, Song J, Kim HS, Lee HJ, Guo H, Kim H. Effects of Phlomis umbrosa Root on Longitudinal Bone Growth Rate in Adolescent Female Rats. Molecules 2016; 21:461. [PMID: 27070559 PMCID: PMC6273700 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21040461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 03/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of Phlomis umbrosa root on bone growth and growth mediators in rats. Female adolescent rats were administered P. umbrosa extract, recombinant human growth hormone or vehicle for 10 days. Tetracycline was injected intraperitoneally to produce a glowing fluorescence band on the newly formed bone on day 8, and 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine was injected to label proliferating chondrocytes on days 8-10. To assess possible endocrine or autocrine/paracrine mechanisms, we evaluated insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) or bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) in response to P. umbrosa administration in either growth plate or serum. Oral administration of P. umbrosa significantly increased longitudinal bone growth rate, height of hypertrophic zone and chondrocyte proliferation of the proximal tibial growth plate. P. umbrosa also increased serum IGFBP-3 levels and upregulated the expressions of IGF-1 and BMP-2 in growth plate. In conclusion, P. umbrosa increases longitudinal bone growth rate by stimulating proliferation and hypertrophy of chondrocyte with the increment of circulating IGFBP-3. Regarding the immunohistochemical study, the effect of P. umbrosa may also be attributable to upregulation of local IGF-1 and BMP-2 expressions in the growth plate, which can be considered as a GH dependent autocrine/paracrine pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghun Lee
- Department of Herbal Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea.
| | - Young-Sik Kim
- Department of Herbal Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea.
| | - Jungbin Song
- Department of Herbal Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea.
| | - Hyun Soo Kim
- Department of Herbal Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea.
| | - Hyun Jung Lee
- Department of Herbal Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea.
| | - Hailing Guo
- Department of Herbal Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea.
| | - Hocheol Kim
- Department of Herbal Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Korea.
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15
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Pan Z, Fan G, Yang RP, Luo WZ, Zhou XD, Zhang Y. Discriminating Lamiophlomis rotata According to Geographical Origin by (1)H-NMR Spectroscopy and Multivariate Analysis. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2015; 26:247-252. [PMID: 25693849 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lamiophlomis rotata (Duyiwei) is a folk herbal medicine that traditionally has been used in China as a hemostatic agent. Raw plant materials used for medicinal products from different geographical regions are often inconsistent in chemical composition. Metabolic fingerprinting provides a new approach for distinguishing the geographical origins of L. rotata. OBJECTIVE To identify metabolites that contribute to the different geographical regions of L. rotata samples. METHODS Lamiophlomis rotata metabolomics were performed by (1)H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and multivariate statistical analyses. The L. rotata metabolic profile was prepared for NMR measurements using methanol-d4 solvent. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) were applied to analyse the L. rotata (1)H-NMR spectroscopy data. RESULTS Nine iridoid glycosides, one flavonoid and three phenylpropanoid glycosides were detected in L. rotata by (1)H-NMR spectroscopy. (1)H-NMR measurements and multivariate analysis were used to successfully discriminate samples from three different locations. CONCLUSION The NMR-based analysis of L. rotata is a more comprehensive approach than traditional chromatographic methods. Simple sample preparation, rapidity and reproducibility of are additional advantages of NMR analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Pan
- College of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Fan
- College of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Rong-ping Yang
- Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei-zao Luo
- Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiang-dong Zhou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- College of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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16
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Zhang ZL, Liu YG, Huang QB, Wang HW, Song Y, Xu ZK, Li F. Nuclear factor-κB activation in perihematomal brain tissue correlates with outcome in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage. J Neuroinflammation 2015; 12:53. [PMID: 25889503 PMCID: PMC4365516 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-015-0277-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) plays an important role in the inflammatory response after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). We therefore proposed that NF-κB activation in perihematomal brain tissue might correlate with clinical outcome in patients with ICH. To confirm this, we studied clinical data of 45 patients with ICH and NF-κB activation in perihematomal brain tissue and analyzed predictors of clinical outcome as well as the predictive value of NF-κB activation. Methods Forty-five patients with spontaneous basal ganglia hemorrhage were prospectively investigated. The clinical data were collected, which include demographics, alcohol and tobacco abuse, stroke risk factors, neuroimaging variables at presentation, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) at admission, number of days in hospital, mechanical ventilation, pneumonia, and outcome. Clinical outcome was assessed by the modified Rankin Scale at 6 months after ICH. Perihematomal brain tissue was collected, and NF-κB activation was detected using immunohistochemistry. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to determine predictors of the poor outcome. Results Immunohistochemical detection showed that NF-κB p65 was expressed in the nuclei of neurons and glial cells in all patients. The number of nuclear NF-κB p65-positive cells was 54 ± 21. Six months after ICH, 18 (40%) patients achieved a favorable functional outcome (mRS ≤ 3) while 27 (60%) had a poor functional outcome (mRS 4 to 6). In univariate analysis, predictors of poor functional outcome were lower GCS score on admission (P = 0.004), larger hematoma volume (P = 0.004), intraventricular extension (P = 0.047), midline shift (P = 0.005), NF-κB activation (P < 0.0001), mechanical ventilation (P = 0.018), and co-morbidity with pneumonia (P = 0.002). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, NF-κB activation was the only independent predictor of poor outcome at 6 months after ICH. Conclusions NF-κB activation is closely related to clinical outcome 6 months after ICH in humans. Therefore, it could be useful to predict prognosis of ICH accurately and should be further evaluated as a target for therapeutic strategies of ICH in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Li Zhang
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, No. 107 Wenhuaxi Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu-Guang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Brain Science Research Institute of Shandong University, No. 107 Wenhuaxi Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qi-Bing Huang
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, No. 107 Wenhuaxi Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hong-Wei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Brain Science Research Institute of Shandong University, No. 107 Wenhuaxi Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yan Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Brain Science Research Institute of Shandong University, No. 107 Wenhuaxi Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhen-Kuan Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Brain Science Research Institute of Shandong University, No. 107 Wenhuaxi Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University and Brain Science Research Institute of Shandong University, No. 107 Wenhuaxi Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.
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Vartanian KB, Mitchell HD, Stevens SL, Conrad VK, McDermott JE, Stenzel-Poore MP. CpG preconditioning regulates miRNA expression that modulates genomic reprogramming associated with neuroprotection against ischemic injury. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2015; 35:257-66. [PMID: 25388675 PMCID: PMC4426742 DOI: 10.1038/jcbfm.2014.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) preconditioning reprograms the genomic response to stroke to protect the brain against ischemic injury. The mechanisms underlying genomic reprogramming are incompletely understood. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression; however, their role in modulating gene responses produced by CpG preconditioning is unknown. We evaluated brain miRNA expression in response to CpG preconditioning before and after stroke using microarray. Importantly, we have data from previous gene microarrays under the same conditions, which allowed integration of miRNA and gene expression data to specifically identify regulated miRNA gene targets. CpG preconditioning did not significantly alter miRNA expression before stroke, indicating that miRNA regulation is not critical for the initiation of preconditioning-induced neuroprotection. However, after stroke, differentially regulated miRNAs between CpG- and saline-treated animals associated with the upregulation of several neuroprotective genes, implicating these miRNAs in genomic reprogramming that increases neuroprotection. Statistical analysis revealed that the miRNA targets were enriched in the gene population regulated in the setting of stroke, implying that miRNAs likely orchestrate this gene expression. These data suggest that miRNAs regulate endogenous responses to stroke and that manipulation of these miRNAs may have the potential to acutely activate novel neuroprotective processes that reduce damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keri B Vartanian
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Hugh D Mitchell
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Susan L Stevens
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Valerie K Conrad
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | | | - Mary P Stenzel-Poore
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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18
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La M, Zhang F, Gao S, Liu X, Wu Z, Sun L, Tao X, Chen W. Constituent analysis and quality control of Lamiophlomis rotata by LC-TOF/MS and HPLC-UV. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 102:366-76. [PMID: 25459936 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, chemical profile analysis for Lamiophlomis rotata, a classic Tibetan folk medicine, was illustrated by an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-TOF/MS) method, which provided evidence for the certain identification of the main constituents, including iridoids, flavonoids and phenylethanoid glycosides. Among these compounds, nine of them were regarded as marker compounds for the quantitative evaluation of L. rotata, using a simple and reliable method by HPLC with ultraviolet, in combination of chromatographic fingerprint analysis. Separation was achieved on a Waters SunFire C18 analytical column with linear gradient elution of acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution. The validated method was successfully applied to evaluate twelve batches of L. rotata. Assay results showed that nine compounds did not vary significantly from the aerial parts and the whole plant for each batch, and was consistent with the fingerprint analysis, which confirmed the medicine parts alteration in Chinese Pharmacopoeia from the perspective of chemical components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingping La
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai 200003, PR China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai 200003, PR China
| | - Shouhong Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai 200003, PR China
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai 200003, PR China
| | - Zhijun Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai 200003, PR China
| | - Lianna Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai 200003, PR China
| | - Xia Tao
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai 200003, PR China
| | - Wansheng Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai 200003, PR China.
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Jin Y, Dong L, Wu C, Qin J, Li S, Wang C, Shao X, Huang D. Buyang Huanwu Decoction fraction protects against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury by attenuating the inflammatory response and cellular apoptosis. Neural Regen Res 2014; 8:197-207. [PMID: 25206589 PMCID: PMC4107522 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2013.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Buyang Huanwu Decoction fraction extracted from Buyang Huanwu Decoction contains saponins of Astragalus, total paeony glycoside and safflower flavones. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the neuroprotective effect and mechanism of Buyang Huanwu Decoction fraction on ischemic injury both in vivo and in vitro. In vivo experiments showed that 50-200 mg/kg Buyang Huanwu Decoction fraction reduced infarct volume and pathological injury in ischemia/reperfusion rats, markedly inhibited expression of nuclear factor-κB and tumor necrosis factor-α and promoted nestin protein expression in brain tissue. Buyang Huanwu Decoction fraction (200 mg/kg) exhibited significant effects, which were similar to those of 100 mg/kg Ginkgo biloba extract. In vitro experimental results demonstrated that 10-100 mg/L Buyang Huanwu Decoction fraction significantly improved cell viability, decreased the release of lactate dehydrogenase and malondialdehyde levels, and inhibited the rate of apoptosis in HT22 cells following oxygen-glucose deprivation. Buyang Huanwu Decoction fraction (100 mg/L) exhibited significant effects, which were similar to those of 100 mg/L Ginkgo biloba extract. These findings suggest that Buyang Huanwu Decoction fraction may represent a novel, protective strategy against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats and oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced damage in HT22 cells in vitro by attenuating the inflammatory response and cellular apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulian Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research and Development, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui Province, China ; Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, Hefei 230051, Anhui Province, China
| | - Liuyi Dong
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research and Development, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui Province, China
| | - Changqing Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research and Development, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jiang Qin
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research and Development, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui Province, China
| | - Sheng Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research and Development, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui Province, China
| | - Chunyan Wang
- Anhui Institute of Materia Medica, Hefei 230022, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xu Shao
- Hefei Qi-xing Medicine and Technology Co., Ltd., Hefei 230088, Anhui Province, China
| | - Dake Huang
- Synthetic Laboratory of Basic Medicine College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui Province, China
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20
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Yonkenafil: a novel phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor induces neuronal network potentiation by a cGMP-dependent Nogo-R axis in acute experimental stroke. Exp Neurol 2014; 261:267-77. [PMID: 25064698 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2014.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 06/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Yonkenafil is a novel phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor. Here we evaluated the effect of yonkenafil on ischemic injury and its possible mechanism of action. Male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent middle cerebral artery occlusion, followed by intraperitoneal or intravenous treatment with yonkenafil starting 2h later. Behavioral tests were carried out on day 1 or day 7 after reperfusion. Nissl staining, Fluoro-Jade B staining and electron microscopy studies were carried out 24h post-stroke, together with an analysis of infarct volume and severity of edema. Levels of cGMP-dependent Nogo-66 receptor (Nogo-R) pathway components, hsp70, apaf-1, caspase-3, caspase-9, synaptophysin, PSD-95/neuronal nitric oxide synthases (nNOS), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)/tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB) and nerve growth factor (NGF)/tropomyosin-related kinase A (TrkA) were also measured after 24h. Yonkenafil markedly inhibited infarction and edema, even when administration was delayed until 4h after stroke onset. This protection was associated with an improvement in neurological function and was sustained for 7d. Yonkenafil enlarged the range of penumbra, reduced ischemic cell apoptosis and the loss of neurons, and modulated the expression of proteins in the Nogo-R pathway. Moreover, yonkenafil protected the structure of synapses and increased the expression of synaptophysin, BDNF/TrkB and NGF/TrkA. In conclusion, yonkenafil protects neuronal networks from injury after stroke.
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Zhang L, Kan ZC, Zhang XL, Fang H, Jiang WL. 8-O-acetyl shanzhiside methylester attenuates cerebral ischaemia/reperfusion injury through an anti-inflammatory mechanism in diabetic rats. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2014; 115:481-7. [PMID: 24823762 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory activation plays a vital role in the pathophysiological mechanisms of stroke and diabetes mellitus (DM), exerts the deleterious effects on the progression of the brain and leads to vascular damage in diabetic stroke. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of 8-O-acetyl shanzhiside methylester (ND01) on tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-stimulated SH-SY5Y cell line in vitro and the experimental ischaemic diabetic stroke model in vivo. TNF-α-stimulated SH-SY5Y cells were pre-incubated with ND01, then analysed protein expression. For in vivo experiment, the diabetic rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 30 min. followed by reperfusion for 23 hr. Treatment of SH-SY5Y cells with ND01 blocked TNF-α-induced nuclear transcription factor κB (NF-κB) activation and decreased high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB-1) expression. ND01 40 mg/kg demonstrated significant neuroprotective effect even after delayed administration at 4 hr after I/R. ND01 40 mg/kg attenuated the histopathological damage, decreased brain swelling, inhibited NF-κB activation and reduced HMGB-1 expression in ischaemic brain tissue. These data show that ND01 protects diabetic brain against I/R injury with a favourable therapeutic time-window by alleviating diabetic cerebral I/R injury and attenuating blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown, and its protective effects may involve HMGB-1 and NF-κB signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
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22
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Gubern C, Camós S, Hurtado O, Rodríguez R, Romera VG, Sobrado M, Cañadas R, Moro MA, Lizasoain I, Serena J, Mallolas J, Castellanos M. Characterization of Gcf2/Lrrfip1 in experimental cerebral ischemia and its role as a modulator of Akt, mTOR and β-catenin signaling pathways. Neuroscience 2014; 268:48-65. [PMID: 24637094 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2013] [Revised: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat in Flightless-1 interaction protein 1 (Lrrfip1) is an up-regulated protein after cerebral ischemia whose precise role in the brain both in healthy and ischemic conditions is unclear. Different Lrrfip1 isoforms with distinct roles have been reported in human and mouse species. The present study aimed to analyze the Lrrfip1 transcriptional variants expressed in rat cortex, to characterize their expression patterns and subcellular location after ischemia, and to define their putative role in the brain. Five transcripts were identified and three of them (Lrrfip1, CRA_g and CRA_a' (Fli-I leucine-rich repeat associated protein 1 - Flap-1)) were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). All the transcripts were up-regulated and showed differential expression patterns after in vivo and in vitro ischemia models. The main isoform, Lrrfip1, was found to be up-regulated from the acute to the late phases of ischemia in the cytoplasm of neurons and astrocytes of the peri-infarct area. This study demonstrates that Lrrfip1 activates β-catenin, Akt, and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) proteins in astrocytes and positively regulates the expression of the excitatory amino acid transporter subtype 2 (GLT-1). Our findings point to Lrrfip1 as a key brain protein that regulates pro-survival pathways and proteins and encourages further studies to elucidate its role in cerebral ischemia as a potential target to prevent brain damage and promote functional recovery after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Gubern
- Grup de Recerca Cerebrovascular, Servei de Neurologia, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi) Dr. Josep Trueta, Hospital Universitari de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta, Avenida de França s/n, 17007 Girona, Spain.
| | - S Camós
- Grup de Recerca Cerebrovascular, Servei de Neurologia, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi) Dr. Josep Trueta, Hospital Universitari de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta, Avenida de França s/n, 17007 Girona, Spain
| | - O Hurtado
- Unidad de Investigación Neurovascular, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Avenida Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - R Rodríguez
- Grup de Recerca Cerebrovascular, Servei de Neurologia, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi) Dr. Josep Trueta, Hospital Universitari de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta, Avenida de França s/n, 17007 Girona, Spain
| | - V G Romera
- Unidad de Investigación Neurovascular, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Avenida Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Sobrado
- Unidad de Investigación Neurovascular, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Avenida Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - R Cañadas
- Unidad de Investigación Neurovascular, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Avenida Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M A Moro
- Unidad de Investigación Neurovascular, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Avenida Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - I Lizasoain
- Unidad de Investigación Neurovascular, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense, Avenida Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J Serena
- Grup de Recerca Cerebrovascular, Servei de Neurologia, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi) Dr. Josep Trueta, Hospital Universitari de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta, Avenida de França s/n, 17007 Girona, Spain
| | - J Mallolas
- Grup de Recerca Cerebrovascular, Servei de Neurologia, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi) Dr. Josep Trueta, Hospital Universitari de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta, Avenida de França s/n, 17007 Girona, Spain.
| | - M Castellanos
- Grup de Recerca Cerebrovascular, Servei de Neurologia, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi) Dr. Josep Trueta, Hospital Universitari de Girona Dr. Josep Trueta, Avenida de França s/n, 17007 Girona, Spain
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Chen XM, Wang NN, Zhang TY, Wang F, Wu CF, Yang JY. Neuroprotection by sildenafil: neuronal networks potentiation in acute experimental stroke. CNS Neurosci Ther 2013; 20:40-9. [PMID: 24034153 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Sildenafil, a phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor, has been found to produce functional recovery in ischemic rats by increasing the cGMP level and triggering neurogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate further sildenafil mechanisms. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion, followed by intraperitoneal or intravenous treatment of sildenafil starting 2 h later. Behavioral tests were performed on day 1 or day 7 after reperfusion, while cerebral infarction, edema, Nissl staining, Fluoro-Jade B staining, and electron microscopy studies were carried out 24 h poststroke. The cGMP-dependent Nogo-66 receptor (Nogo-R) pathway, synaptophysin, PSD-95/neuronal nitric oxide synthases (nNOS), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)/tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB), and nerve growth factor (NGF)/tropomyosin-related kinase A (TrkA) were measured. RESULTS Sildenafil enhanced neurological recovery and inhibited infarction, even following delayed administration 4 h after stroke onset. Furthermore, sildenafil reduced the loss of neurons and modulated the expressions of the cGMP-dependent Nogo-R pathway. Moreover, sildenafil protected the structure of synapses and mediated the expressions of synaptophysin, PSD-95/nNOS, BDNF/TrkB, and NGF/TrkA. CONCLUSIONS Sildenafil produces significant neuroprotective effects on injured neurons in acute stroke, and these are mediated by the cGMP-dependent Nogo-R pathway, NGF/TrkA, and BDNF/TrkB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Mei Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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Ström JO, Ingberg E, Theodorsson A, Theodorsson E. Method parameters' impact on mortality and variability in rat stroke experiments: a meta-analysis. BMC Neurosci 2013; 14:41. [PMID: 23548160 PMCID: PMC3637133 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-14-41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Even though more than 600 stroke treatments have been shown effective in preclinical studies, clinically proven treatment alternatives for cerebral infarction remain scarce. Amongst the reasons for the discrepancy may be methodological shortcomings, such as high mortality and outcome variability, in the preclinical studies. A common approach in animal stroke experiments is that A) focal cerebral ischemia is inflicted, B) some type of treatment is administered and C) the infarct sizes are assessed. However, within this paradigm, the researcher has to make numerous methodological decisions, including choosing rat strain and type of surgical procedure. Even though a few studies have attempted to address the questions experimentally, a lack of consensus regarding the optimal methodology remains. Methods We therefore meta-analyzed data from 502 control groups described in 346 articles to find out how rat strain, procedure for causing focal cerebral ischemia and the type of filament coating affected mortality and infarct size variability. Results The Wistar strain and intraluminal filament procedure using a silicone coated filament was found optimal in lowering infarct size variability. The direct and endothelin methods rendered lower mortality rate, whereas the embolus method increased it compared to the filament method. Conclusions The current article provides means for researchers to adjust their middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) protocols to minimize infarct size variability and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob O Ström
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, County Council of Östergötland, Linköping, Sweden.
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Luan H, Kan Z, Xu Y, Lv C, Jiang W. Rosmarinic acid protects against experimental diabetes with cerebral ischemia: relation to inflammation response. J Neuroinflammation 2013; 10:28. [PMID: 23414442 PMCID: PMC3614882 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-10-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory activation plays a vital role in the pathophysiological mechanisms of stroke, exerting deleterious effects on the progression of tissue damage and may lead to the vascular damage in diabetes. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of rosmarinic acid (RA) on a cultured neuronal cell line, SH-SY5Y in vitro and experimental ischemic diabetic stroke in vivo. METHODS For oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) stimulated SH-SY5Y cell line in vitro, SH-SY5Y cells were incubated with RA. For an in vivo experiment, diabetic rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MACO) for 40 minutes followed by reperfusion for 23 h. RESULTS Treatment of SH-SY5Y cells with RA reduced the OGD-induced apoptosis and cytotoxicity, blocked TNF-α-induced nuclear transcription factor κB (NF-κB) activation, and decreased high-mobility group box1 (HMGB1) expression. At doses higher than 50 mg/kg, RA produced a significant neuroprotective potential in rats with ischemia and reperfusion (I/R). RA (50 mg/kg) demonstrated significant neuroprotective activity even after delayed administration at 1 h, 3 h and 5 h after I/R. RA 50 mg/kg attenuated histopathological damage, decreased brain edema, inhibited NF-κB activation and reduced HMGB1 expression. CONCLUSION These data show that RA protects the brain against I/R injury with a favorable therapeutic time-window by alleviating diabetic cerebral I/R injury and attenuating blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown, and its protective effects may involve HMGB1 and the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyun Luan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Institute of Material Medica, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, People's Republic of China
| | - Zechun Kan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Institute of Material Medica, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Institute of Material Medica, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, People's Republic of China
| | - Changjun Lv
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Institute of Material Medica, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanglin Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Institute of Material Medica, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, People's Republic of China
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Iridoid glucosides and a C₁₃-norisoprenoid from Lamiophlomis rotata and their effects on NF-κB activation. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:4447-52. [PMID: 22664131 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.04.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Revised: 04/10/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Four new iridoid glucosides, 7-dehydroxyzaluzioside (1), 6'-O-syringylphlorigidoside C (2), barlerin-6″-hydroxy-2″,6″-dimethylocta-2″,7″-dienate ester (3), 6β-n-butoxy-7,8-dehydropenstemonoside (4), and a new C(13)-norisoprenoid derivative, 5β,6α-dihydroxy-3β-(β-D-glucoyranosyloxy)-7-megastigmen-9-one (5), together with 16 known iridoid glucosides, were isolated from Lamiophlomis rotata. The structures of these new compounds were elucidated by HRMS, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. A stable nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB)-luciferase-expressing human embryonic kidney 293 cell line was used in the luciferase assay for monitoring the anti-inflammatory activity of the compounds. It was found that 6β-n-butoxy-7,8-dehydropenstemonoside (4) and two known compounds (8-epi-7-deoxyloganin and 7,8-dehydropenstemonoside) had a significant inhibitory effect on lipopolysaccharide-stimulated NF-κB activation.
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Jiang WL, Xu Y, Zhang SP, Zhu HB, Hou J. Tricin 7-glucoside protects against experimental cerebral ischemia by reduction of NF-κB and HMGB1 expression. Eur J Pharm Sci 2012; 45:50-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2011.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Revised: 10/11/2011] [Accepted: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Curculigoside A attenuates experimental cerebral ischemia injury in vitro and vivo. Neuroscience 2011; 192:572-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.06.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Revised: 06/25/2011] [Accepted: 06/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Elango C, Devaraj SN. Immunomodulatory effect of Hawthorn extract in an experimental stroke model. J Neuroinflammation 2010; 7:97. [PMID: 21192826 PMCID: PMC3022819 DOI: 10.1186/1742-2094-7-97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2010] [Accepted: 12/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, we reported a neuroprotective effect for Hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha) ethanolic extract in middle cerebral artery occlusion-(MCAO) induced stroke in rats. The present study sheds more light on the extract's mechanism of neuroprotection, especially its immunomodulatory effect. METHODS After 15 days of treatment with Hawthorn extract [100 mg/kg, pretreatment (oral)], male Sprague Dawley rats underwent transient MCAO for 75 mins followed by reperfusion (either 3 or 24 hrs). We measured pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6), ICAM-1, IL-10 and pSTAT-3 expression in the brain by appropriate methods. We also looked at the cytotoxic T cell sub-population among leukocytes (FACS) and inflammatory cell activation and recruitment in brain (using a myeloperoxidase activity assay) after ischemia and reperfusion (I/R). Apoptosis (TUNEL), and Bcl-xL- and Foxp3- (T(reg) marker) positive cells in the ipsilateral hemisphere of the brain were analyzed separately using immunofluorescence. RESULTS Our results indicate that occlusion followed by 3 hrs of reperfusion increased pro-inflammatory cytokine and ICAM-1 gene expressions in the ipsilateral hemisphere, and that Hawthorn pre-treatment significantly (p ≤ 0.01) lowered these levels. Furthermore, such pre-treatment was able to increase IL-10 levels and Foxp3-positive cells in brain after 24 hrs of reperfusion. The increase in cytotoxic T cell population in vehicle rats after 24 hrs of reperfusion was decreased by at least 40% with Hawthorn pretreatment. In addition, there was a decrease in inflammatory cell activation and infiltration in pretreated brain. Hawthorn pretreatment elevated pSTAT-3 levels in brain after I/R. We also observed an increase in Bcl-xL-positive cells, which in turn may have influenced the reduction in TUNEL-positive cells compared to vehicle-treated brain. CONCLUSIONS In summary, Hawthorn extract helped alleviate pro-inflammatory immune responses associated with I/R-induced injury, boosted IL-10 levels, and increased Foxp3-positive T(regs) in the brain, which may have aided in suppression of activated inflammatory cells. Such treatment also minimizes apoptotic cell death by influencing STAT-3 phosphorylation and Bcl-xL expression in the brain. Taken together, the immunomodulatory effect of Hawthorn extract may play a critical role in the neuroprotection observed in this MCAO-induced stroke model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinnasamy Elango
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai-600 025, Tamil Nadu, India
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