1
|
Gómez-Moreno A, San Sebastian E, Moya J, Gomollón-Zueco P, Isola S, Vales Á, González-Aseguinolaza G, Unzu C, Garaigorta U. Topoisomerase Inhibitors Increase Episomal DNA Expression by Inducing the Integration of Episomal DNA in Hepatic Cells. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2459. [PMID: 37896219 PMCID: PMC10610421 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15102459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy is a promising strategy to treat and cure most inherited metabolic liver disorders. Viral vectors such as those based on adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) and lentiviruses (LVs) are used as vehicles to deliver functional genes to affected hepatocytes. Adverse events associated with the use of high vector doses have motivated the use of small molecules as adjuvants to reduce the dose. In this study, we showed that a one-hour treatment with topoisomerase inhibitors (camptothecin and etoposide) prior to viral transduction is enough to increase AAV and LV reporter expression in non-dividing hepatic cells in culture. Topoisomerase inhibitors increased both integration-competent (ICLV) and integration-deficient (IDLV) LV-derived expression, with a much stronger increase in the IDLV transduction system. In agreement with that, topoisomerase inhibitors increased viral genome integration in both strains, with a greater impact on the IDLV strain, supporting the idea that topoisomerase inhibitors increased episomal DNA integration, especially when viral integrase activity is abolished. These effects correlated with an increase in the DNA damage response produced by the treatments. Our study highlights the need to monitor DNA damage and undesired integration of viral episomal DNAs into the host genome when studying chemical compounds that increase viral transduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andoni Gómez-Moreno
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Celular, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), Calle Darwin 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (E.S.S.); (J.M.); (P.G.-Z.)
| | - Enara San Sebastian
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Celular, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), Calle Darwin 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (E.S.S.); (J.M.); (P.G.-Z.)
| | - Jennifer Moya
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Celular, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), Calle Darwin 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (E.S.S.); (J.M.); (P.G.-Z.)
| | - Pilar Gomollón-Zueco
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Celular, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), Calle Darwin 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (E.S.S.); (J.M.); (P.G.-Z.)
| | - Sergio Isola
- DNA & RNA Medicine Division, CIMA, Universidad de Navarra, Avda Pio XII, 55, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (S.I.); (Á.V.); (G.G.-A.); (C.U.)
| | - África Vales
- DNA & RNA Medicine Division, CIMA, Universidad de Navarra, Avda Pio XII, 55, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (S.I.); (Á.V.); (G.G.-A.); (C.U.)
| | - Gloria González-Aseguinolaza
- DNA & RNA Medicine Division, CIMA, Universidad de Navarra, Avda Pio XII, 55, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (S.I.); (Á.V.); (G.G.-A.); (C.U.)
| | - Carmen Unzu
- DNA & RNA Medicine Division, CIMA, Universidad de Navarra, Avda Pio XII, 55, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (S.I.); (Á.V.); (G.G.-A.); (C.U.)
| | - Urtzi Garaigorta
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Celular, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), Calle Darwin 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (E.S.S.); (J.M.); (P.G.-Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Arsenijevic Y, Berger A, Udry F, Kostic C. Lentiviral Vectors for Ocular Gene Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081605. [PMID: 36015231 PMCID: PMC9414879 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
This review offers the basics of lentiviral vector technologies, their advantages and pitfalls, and an overview of their use in the field of ophthalmology. First, the description of the global challenges encountered to develop safe and efficient lentiviral recombinant vectors for clinical application is provided. The risks and the measures taken to minimize secondary effects as well as new strategies using these vectors are also discussed. This review then focuses on lentiviral vectors specifically designed for ocular therapy and goes over preclinical and clinical studies describing their safety and efficacy. A therapeutic approach using lentiviral vector-mediated gene therapy is currently being developed for many ocular diseases, e.g., aged-related macular degeneration, retinopathy of prematurity, inherited retinal dystrophies (Leber congenital amaurosis type 2, Stargardt disease, Usher syndrome), glaucoma, and corneal fibrosis or engraftment rejection. In summary, this review shows how lentiviral vectors offer an interesting alternative for gene therapy in all ocular compartments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yvan Arsenijevic
- Unit Retinal Degeneration and Regeneration, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, 1004 Lausanne, Switzerland;
- Correspondence: (Y.A.); (C.K.)
| | - Adeline Berger
- Group Epigenetics of ocular diseases, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, 1004 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Florian Udry
- Unit Retinal Degeneration and Regeneration, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, 1004 Lausanne, Switzerland;
| | - Corinne Kostic
- Group for Retinal Disorder Research, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, 1004 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Correspondence: (Y.A.); (C.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li F, Lee M, Esnault C, Wendover K, Guo Y, Atkins P, Zaratiegui M, Levin HL. Identification of an integrase-independent pathway of retrotransposition. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm9390. [PMID: 35767609 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm9390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Retroviruses and long terminal repeat retrotransposons rely on integrase (IN) to insert their complementary DNA (cDNA) into the genome of host cells. Nevertheless, in the absence of IN, retroelements can retain notable levels of insertion activity. We have characterized the IN-independent pathway of Tf1 and found that insertion sites had homology to the primers of reverse transcription, which form single-stranded DNAs at the termini of the cDNA. In the absence of IN activity, a similar bias was observed with HIV-1. Our studies showed that the Tf1 insertions result from single-strand annealing, a noncanonical form of homologous recombination mediated by Rad52. By expanding our analysis of insertions to include repeat sequences, we found most formed tandem elements by inserting at preexisting copies of a related transposable element. Unexpectedly, we found that wild-type Tf1 uses the IN-independent pathway as an alternative mode of insertion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Li
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michael Lee
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Caroline Esnault
- Bioinformatics and Scientific Programming Core, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Katie Wendover
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yabin Guo
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Paul Atkins
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mikel Zaratiegui
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Nelson Biological Laboratories A133, 604 Allison Rd., Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Henry L Levin
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lopez A, Nichols Doyle R, Sandoval C, Nisson K, Yang V, Fregoso OI. Viral Modulation of the DNA Damage Response and Innate Immunity: Two Sides of the Same Coin. J Mol Biol 2022; 434:167327. [PMID: 34695379 PMCID: PMC9119581 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.167327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The DDR consists of multiple pathways that sense, signal, and respond to anomalous DNA. To promote efficient replication, viruses have evolved to engage and even modulate the DDR. In this review, we will discuss a select set of diverse viruses and the range of mechanisms they evolved to interact with the DDR and some of the subsequent cellular consequences. There is a dichotomy in that the DDR can be both beneficial for viruses yet antiviral. We will also review the connection between the DDR and innate immunity. Previously believed to be disparate cellular functions, more recent research is emerging that links these processes. Furthermore, we will discuss some discrepancies in the literature that we propose can be remedied by utilizing more consistent DDR-focused assays. By doing so, we hope to obtain a much clearer understanding of how broadly these mechanisms and phenotypes are conserved among all viruses. This is crucial for human health since understanding how viruses manipulate the DDR presents an important and tractable target for antiviral therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Lopez
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Randilea Nichols Doyle
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Carina Sandoval
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Karly Nisson
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Vivian Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Oliver I Fregoso
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Marty FH, Bettamin L, Thouard A, Bourgade K, Allart S, Larrieu G, Malnou CE, Gonzalez-Dunia D, Suberbielle E. Borna disease virus docks on neuronal DNA double-strand breaks to replicate and dampens neuronal activity. iScience 2022; 25:103621. [PMID: 35024577 PMCID: PMC8724971 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Borna disease viruses (BoDV) have recently emerged as zoonotic neurotropic pathogens. These persistent RNA viruses assemble nuclear replication centers (vSPOT) in close interaction with the host chromatin. However, the topology of this interaction and its consequences on neuronal function remain unexplored. In neurons, DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) have been identified as novel epigenetic mechanisms regulating neurotransmission and cognition. Activity-dependent DSB contribute critically to neuronal plasticity processes, which could be impaired upon infection. Here, we show that BoDV-1 infection, or the singled-out expression of viral Nucleoprotein and Phosphoprotein, increases neuronal DSB levels. Of interest, inducing DSB promoted the recruitment anew of vSPOT colocalized with DSB and increased viral RNA replication. BoDV-1 persistence decreased neuronal activity and response to stimulation by dampening the surface expression of glutamate receptors. Taken together, our results propose an original mechanistic cross talk between persistence of an RNA virus and neuronal function, through the control of DSB levels. BoDV-1, its Nucleoprotein or Phosphoprotein cause neuronal DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) DNA double-strand breaks co-localize with BoDV-1 replication factories DNA DSB recruits BoDV-1 replication factories and promotes viral replication BoDV-1 inhibits neuronal activity by impeding surface expression of GluN2A receptors
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Luca Bettamin
- Infinity, Université Toulouse, CNRS, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France
- LAAS-CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Anne Thouard
- Infinity, Université Toulouse, CNRS, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Karine Bourgade
- Infinity, Université Toulouse, CNRS, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Sophie Allart
- Infinity, Université Toulouse, CNRS, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | | | - Elsa Suberbielle
- Infinity, Université Toulouse, CNRS, Inserm, UPS, Toulouse, France
- Corresponding author
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bhargava A, Williart A, Maurin M, Davidson PM, Jouve M, Piel M, Lahaye X, Manel N. Inhibition of HIV infection by structural proteins of the inner nuclear membrane is associated with reduced chromatin dynamics. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109763. [PMID: 34592156 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) enters the nucleus to establish infection, but the role of nuclear envelope proteins in this process is incompletely understood. Inner nuclear transmembrane proteins SUN1 and SUN2 connect nuclear lamins to the cytoskeleton and participate in the DNA damage response (DDR). Increased levels of SUN1 or SUN2 potently restrict HIV infection through an unresolved mechanism. Here, we find that the antiviral activities of SUN1 and SUN2 are distinct. HIV-1 and HIV-2 are preferentially inhibited by SUN1 and SUN2, respectively. We identify DNA damage inducers that stimulate HIV-1 infection and show that SUN1, but not SUN2, neutralizes this effect. Finally, we show that chromatin movements and nuclear rotations are associated with the effects of SUN proteins and Lamin A/C on infection. These results reveal an emerging role of chromatin dynamics and the DDR in the control of HIV infection by structural components of the nuclear envelope.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anvita Bhargava
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, Paris, France
| | - Alice Williart
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR144, Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Maurin
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, Paris, France
| | - Patricia M Davidson
- Laboratoire Physico-Chimie Curie, Institut Curie, CNRS UMR168, Sorbonne Université, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | | | - Matthieu Piel
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR144, Paris, France
| | - Xavier Lahaye
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Manel
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U932, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cortijo-Gutiérrez M, Sánchez-Hernández S, Tristán-Manzano M, Maldonado-Pérez N, Lopez-Onieva L, Real PJ, Herrera C, Marchal JA, Martin F, Benabdellah K. Improved Functionality of Integration-Deficient Lentiviral Vectors (IDLVs) by the Inclusion of IS 2 Protein Docks. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13081217. [PMID: 34452178 PMCID: PMC8401568 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Integration-deficient lentiviral vectors (IDLVs) have recently generated increasing interest, not only as a tool for transient gene delivery, but also as a technique for detecting off-target cleavage in gene-editing methodologies which rely on customized endonucleases (ENs). Despite their broad potential applications, the efficacy of IDLVs has historically been limited by low transgene expression and by the reduced sensitivity to detect low-frequency off-target events. We have previously reported that the incorporation of the chimeric sequence element IS2 into the long terminal repeat (LTR) of IDLVs increases gene expression levels, while also reducing the episome yield inside transduced cells. Our study demonstrates that the effectiveness of IDLVs relies on the balance between two parameters which can be modulated by the inclusion of IS2 sequences. In the present study, we explore new IDLV configurations harboring several elements based on IS2 modifications engineered to mediate more efficient transgene expression without affecting the targeted cell load. Of all the insulators and configurations analysed, the insertion of the IS2 into the 3′LTR produced the best results. After demonstrating a DAPI-low nuclear gene repositioning of IS2-containing episomes, we determined whether, in addition to a positive effect on transcription, the IS2 could improve the capture of IDLVs on double strand breaks (DSBs). Thus, DSBs were randomly generated, using the etoposide or locus-specific CRISPR-Cas9. Our results show that the IS2 element improved the efficacy of IDLV DSB detection. Altogether, our data indicate that the insertion of IS2 into the LTR of IDLVs improved, not only their transgene expression levels, but also their ability to be inserted into existing DSBs. This could have significant implications for the development of an unbiased detection tool for off-target cleavage sites from different specific nucleases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Cortijo-Gutiérrez
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Genomic Medicine Department, Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Regional Government, Health Sciences Technology Park, Av. de la Illustration 114, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.C.-G.); (S.S.-H.); (M.T.-M.); (N.M.-P.); (F.M.)
| | - Sabina Sánchez-Hernández
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Genomic Medicine Department, Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Regional Government, Health Sciences Technology Park, Av. de la Illustration 114, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.C.-G.); (S.S.-H.); (M.T.-M.); (N.M.-P.); (F.M.)
| | - María Tristán-Manzano
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Genomic Medicine Department, Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Regional Government, Health Sciences Technology Park, Av. de la Illustration 114, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.C.-G.); (S.S.-H.); (M.T.-M.); (N.M.-P.); (F.M.)
| | - Noelia Maldonado-Pérez
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Genomic Medicine Department, Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Regional Government, Health Sciences Technology Park, Av. de la Illustration 114, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.C.-G.); (S.S.-H.); (M.T.-M.); (N.M.-P.); (F.M.)
| | - Lourdes Lopez-Onieva
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Molecular Oncology Department, Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Regional Government, Health Sciences Technology Park, Av. de la Illustration 114, 18016 Granada, Spain; (L.L.-O.); (P.J.R.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, Avenida Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Pedro J. Real
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Molecular Oncology Department, Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Regional Government, Health Sciences Technology Park, Av. de la Illustration 114, 18016 Granada, Spain; (L.L.-O.); (P.J.R.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Faculty of Science, University of Granada, Avenida Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Personalized Oncology Group, Bio-Health Research Institute (ibs Granada), 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Concha Herrera
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research in Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain;
- Department of Haematology, Reina Sofía University Hospital, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Marchal
- Biomedical Research Institute (ibs. Granada), 18012 Granada, Spain;
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Excellence Research Unit: Modeling Nature (MNat), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco Martin
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Genomic Medicine Department, Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Regional Government, Health Sciences Technology Park, Av. de la Illustration 114, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.C.-G.); (S.S.-H.); (M.T.-M.); (N.M.-P.); (F.M.)
| | - Karim Benabdellah
- GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, Genomic Medicine Department, Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Regional Government, Health Sciences Technology Park, Av. de la Illustration 114, 18016 Granada, Spain; (M.C.-G.); (S.S.-H.); (M.T.-M.); (N.M.-P.); (F.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-958-715-500
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Liu C, Qiao Y, Xu L, Wu J, Mei Q, Zhang X, Wang K, Li Q, Jia X, Sun H, Wu J, Sun W, Fu S. Association between polymorphisms in MRE11 and HIV-1 susceptibility and AIDS progression in a northern Chinese MSM population. J Antimicrob Chemother 2020; 74:2009-2018. [PMID: 30989233 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkz132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies reported that DNA damage repair (DDR) genes may play an important role in HIV-1 infection. The MRE11 gene, a member of the MRN complex, plays an essential part in the homologous recombination pathway, which is one of the classical DDR pathways. Previous reports have demonstrated that MRE11 has an effect on HIV-1 replication. However, the role of SNPs in the MRE11 gene and their impact on HIV-1 infection and AIDS progression remain unknown. METHODS In this study, 434 MSM HIV-1-infected patients in northern China and 431 age-matched healthy controls were enrolled. Five SNPs (rs2155209, rs10831234, rs13447720, rs601341 and rs11020803) at the MRE11 gene were genotyped. Another series of cases (409 MSM HIV-1-infected patients) and controls (403 age-matched healthy males) were recruited as the validation set. RESULTS In our study, rs10831234 showed differences in allele frequencies between cases and controls (P = 0.005). Additionally, there was an association between rs10831234 and HIV-1 infection susceptibility in dominant and additive models (P = 0.005 and P = 0.006, respectively). All significant associations were replicated in the validation set, and the associations were still significant after Bonferroni correction for multiple testing when the two data sets were combined. Furthermore, in haplotype association analyses between the case and control groups, the frequencies of the haplotypes Crs11020803Crs10831234 and Trs11020803Trs10831234 showed significant differences (P = 0.0181 and P = 0.0068, respectively). CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that the MRE11 rs10831234-T allele may confer increased risk of HIV-1 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, China
| | - Yuandong Qiao
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, China
| | - Lidan Xu
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, China
| | - Jiawei Wu
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, China
| | - Qingbu Mei
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, China
| | - Xuelong Zhang
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, China
| | - Kaili Wang
- Infectious Disease Hospital of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Qiuyan Li
- Editorial Department of International Journal of Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xueyuan Jia
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, China
| | - Haiming Sun
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, China
| | - Wenjing Sun
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, China
| | - Songbin Fu
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, China.,Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, (Harbin Medical University), Heilongjiang Higher Education Institutions, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Blasi M, Negri D, LaBranche C, Alam SM, Baker EJ, Brunner EC, Gladden MA, Michelini Z, Vandergrift NA, Wiehe KJ, Parks R, Shen X, Bonsignori M, Tomaras GD, Ferrari G, Montefiori DC, Santra S, Haynes BF, Moody MA, Cara A, Klotman ME. IDLV-HIV-1 Env vaccination in non-human primates induces affinity maturation of antigen-specific memory B cells. Commun Biol 2018; 1:134. [PMID: 30272013 PMCID: PMC6125466 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-018-0131-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV continues to be a major global health issue. In spite of successful prevention interventions and treatment methods, the development of an HIV vaccine remains a major priority for the field and would be the optimal strategy to prevent new infections. We showed previously that a single immunization with a SIV-based integrase-defective lentiviral vector (IDLV) expressing the 1086.C HIV-1-envelope induced durable, high-magnitude immune responses in non-human primates (NHPs). In this study, we have further characterized the humoral responses by assessing antibody affinity maturation and antigen-specific memory B-cell persistence in two vaccinated macaques. These animals were also boosted with IDLV expressing the heterologous 1176.C HIV-1-Env to determine if neutralization breadth could be increased, followed by evaluation of the injection sites to assess IDLV persistence. IDLV-Env immunization was associated with persistence of the vector DNA for up to 6 months post immunization and affinity maturation of antigen-specific memory B cells. Maria Blasi et al. report the anti-HIV-1 humoral response elicited in rhesus macaques following vaccination with an SIV-based integrase-defective lentiviral vector (IDLV). They find that a single IDLV-Env immunization induces continuous antibody avidity maturation and boosting with a heterologous HIV-1 Env results in lower peak antibody titers than autologous boost.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Blasi
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, 27710, NC, USA. .,Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, 27710, NC, USA.
| | - Donatella Negri
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, 27710, NC, USA.,Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, 27710, NC, USA.,Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, 00161, Italy
| | - Celia LaBranche
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, 27710, NC, USA
| | - S Munir Alam
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, 27710, NC, USA.,Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, 27710, NC, USA.,Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, 27710, NC, USA
| | - Erich J Baker
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, 27710, NC, USA.,Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, 27710, NC, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Brunner
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, 27710, NC, USA.,Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, 27710, NC, USA
| | - Morgan A Gladden
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, 27710, NC, USA
| | | | - Nathan A Vandergrift
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, 27710, NC, USA.,Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, 27710, NC, USA
| | - Kevin J Wiehe
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, 27710, NC, USA.,Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, 27710, NC, USA
| | - Robert Parks
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, 27710, NC, USA.,Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, 27710, NC, USA
| | - Xiaoying Shen
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, 27710, NC, USA.,Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, 27710, NC, USA
| | - Mattia Bonsignori
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, 27710, NC, USA
| | - Georgia D Tomaras
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, 27710, NC, USA.,Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, 27710, NC, USA
| | - Guido Ferrari
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, 27710, NC, USA
| | - David C Montefiori
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, 27710, NC, USA
| | - Sampa Santra
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, 02215, MA, USA
| | - Barton F Haynes
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, 27710, NC, USA.,Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, 27710, NC, USA
| | - Michael A Moody
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, 27710, NC, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, 27710, NC, USA
| | - Andrea Cara
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, 27710, NC, USA. .,Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, 27710, NC, USA. .,Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, 00161, Italy.
| | - Mary E Klotman
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, 27710, NC, USA. .,Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, 27710, NC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kübler J, Kirschner S, Hartmann L, Welzel G, Engelhardt M, Herskind C, Veldwijk MR, Schultz C, Felix M, Glatting G, Maier P, Wenz F, Brockmann MA, Giordano FA. The HIV-derived protein Vpr52-96 has anti-glioma activity in vitro and in vivo. Oncotarget 2018; 7:45500-45512. [PMID: 27275537 PMCID: PMC5216737 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with actively replicating human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) exhibit adverse reactions even to low irradiation doses. High levels of the virus-encoded viral protein R (Vpr) are believed to be one of the major underlying causes for increased radiosensitivity. As Vpr efficiently crosses the blood-brain barrier and accumulates in astrocytes, we examined its efficacy as a drug for treatment of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). In vitro, four glioblastoma-derived cell lines with and without methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) overexpression (U251, U87, U251-MGMT, U87-MGMT) were exposed to Vpr, temozolomide (TMZ), conventional photon irradiation (2 to 6 Gy) or to combinations thereof. Vpr showed high rates of acute toxicities with median effective doses of 4.0±1.1 μM and 15.7±7.5 μM for U251 and U87 cells, respectively. Caspase assays revealed Vpr-induced apoptosis in U251, but not in U87 cells. Vpr also efficiently inhibited clonogenic survival in both U251 and U87 cells and acted additively with irradiation. In contrast to TMZ, Vpr acted independently of MGMT expression. Dose escalation in mice (n=12) was feasible and resulted in no evident renal or liver toxicity. Both, irradiation with 3×5 Gy (n=8) and treatment with Vpr (n=5) delayed intracerebral tumor growth and prolonged overall survival compared to untreated animals (n=5; p3×5 Gy<0.001 and pVpr=0.04; log-rank test). Our data show that the HIV-encoded peptide Vpr exhibits all properties of an effective chemotherapeutic drug and may be a useful agent in the treatment of GBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Kübler
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stefanie Kirschner
- Department of Neuroradiology, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Linda Hartmann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Grit Welzel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Maren Engelhardt
- Centre for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM), Institute of Neuroanatomy, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Carsten Herskind
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Marlon R Veldwijk
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christian Schultz
- Centre for Biomedicine and Medical Technology Mannheim (CBTM), Institute of Neuroanatomy, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Manuela Felix
- Medical Radiation Physics/Radiation Protection, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Gerhard Glatting
- Medical Radiation Physics/Radiation Protection, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Patrick Maier
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Frederik Wenz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Marc A Brockmann
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Frank A Giordano
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Iijima K, Kobayashi J, Ishizaka Y. Structural alteration of DNA induced by viral protein R of HIV-1 triggers the DNA damage response. Retrovirology 2018; 15:8. [PMID: 29338752 PMCID: PMC5771197 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-018-0391-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Viral protein R (Vpr) is an accessory protein of HIV-1, which is potentially involved in the infection of macrophages and the induction of the ataxia-telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein (ATR)-mediated DNA damage response (DDR). It was recently proposed that the SLX4 complex of structure-specific endonuclease is involved in Vpr-induced DDR, which implies that aberrant DNA structures are responsible for this phenomenon. However, the mechanism by which Vpr alters the DNA structures remains unclear. Results We found that Vpr unwinds double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) and invokes the loading of RPA70, which is a single-stranded DNA-binding subunit of RPA that activates the ATR-dependent DDR. We demonstrated that Vpr influenced RPA70 to accumulate in the corresponding region utilizing the LacO/LacR system, in which Vpr can be tethered to the LacO locus. Interestingly, RPA70 recruitment required chromatin remodelling via Vpr-mediated ubiquitination of histone H2B. On the contrary, Q65R mutant of Vpr, which lacks ubiquitination activity, was deficient in both chromatin remodelling and RPA70 loading on to the chromatin. Moreover, Vpr-induced unwinding of dsDNA coincidently resulted in the accumulation of negatively supercoiled DNA and covalent complexes of topoisomerase 1 and DNA, which caused DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and DSB-directed integration of proviral DNA. Lastly, we noted the dependence of Vpr-promoted HIV-1 infection in resting macrophages on topoisomerase 1. Conclusions The findings of this study indicate that Vpr-induced structural alteration of DNA is a primary event that triggers both DDR and DSB, which ultimately contributes to HIV-1 infection. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12977-018-0391-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Iijima
- Department of Intractable Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
| | - Junya Kobayashi
- Department of Genome Repair Dynamics, Radiation Biology Center, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yukihito Ishizaka
- Department of Intractable Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mlcochova P, Caswell SJ, Taylor IA, Towers GJ, Gupta RK. DNA damage induced by topoisomerase inhibitors activates SAMHD1 and blocks HIV-1 infection of macrophages. EMBO J 2018; 37:50-62. [PMID: 29084722 PMCID: PMC5753034 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201796880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We report that DNA damage induced by topoisomerase inhibitors, including etoposide (ETO), results in a potent block to HIV-1 infection in human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM). SAMHD1 suppresses viral reverse transcription (RT) through depletion of cellular dNTPs but is naturally switched off by phosphorylation in a subpopulation of MDM found in a G1-like state. We report that SAMHD1 was activated by dephosphorylation following ETO treatment, along with loss of expression of MCM2 and CDK1, and reduction in dNTP levels. Suppression of infection occurred after completion of viral DNA synthesis, at the step of 2LTR circle and provirus formation. The ETO-induced block was completely rescued by depletion of SAMHD1 in MDM Concordantly, infection by HIV-2 and SIVsm encoding the SAMHD1 antagonist Vpx was insensitive to ETO treatment. The mechanism of DNA damage-induced blockade of HIV-1 infection involved activation of p53, p21, decrease in CDK1 expression, and SAMHD1 dephosphorylation. Therefore, topoisomerase inhibitors regulate SAMHD1 and HIV permissivity at a post-RT step, revealing a mechanism by which the HIV-1 reservoir may be limited by chemotherapeutic drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah J Caswell
- Macromolecular Structure Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Ian A Taylor
- Macromolecular Structure Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | | | - Ravindra K Gupta
- Division of Infection and Immunity, UCL, London, UK
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, KwaZulu Natal, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
El-Amine R, Germini D, Zakharova VV, Tsfasman T, Sheval EV, Louzada RAN, Dupuy C, Bilhou-Nabera C, Hamade A, Najjar F, Oksenhendler E, Lipinski M, Chernyak BV, Vassetzky YS. HIV-1 Tat protein induces DNA damage in human peripheral blood B-lymphocytes via mitochondrial ROS production. Redox Biol 2017; 15:97-108. [PMID: 29220699 PMCID: PMC5725280 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with B-cell malignancies in patients though HIV-1 is not able to infect B-cells. The rate of B-cell lymphomas in HIV-infected individuals remains high even under the combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) that reconstitutes the immune function. Thus, the contribution of HIV-1 to B-cell oncogenesis remains enigmatic. HIV-1 induces oxidative stress and DNA damage in infected cells via multiple mechanisms, including viral Tat protein. We have detected elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and DNA damage in B-cells of HIV-infected individuals. As Tat is present in blood of infected individuals and is able to transduce cells, we hypothesized that it could induce oxidative DNA damage in B-cells promoting genetic instability and malignant transformation. Indeed, incubation of B-cells isolated from healthy donors with purified Tat protein led to oxidative stress, a decrease in the glutathione (GSH) levels, DNA damage and appearance of chromosomal aberrations. The effects of Tat relied on its transcriptional activity and were mediated by NF-κB activation. Tat stimulated oxidative stress in B-cells mostly via mitochondrial ROS production which depended on the reverse electron flow in Complex I of respiratory chain. We propose that Tat-induced oxidative stress, DNA damage and chromosomal aberrations are novel oncogenic factors favoring B-cell lymphomas in HIV-1 infected individuals. B-cells of HIV-infected individuals exhibit elevated levels of oxidative stress, DNA damage and chromosomal aberrations. Purified HIV-1 Tat protein reproduces this effect and induces oxidative stress and DNA damage in B-cells. HIV-1 Tat induces mitochondrial oxidative stress and activates NF-kB in B-cells. This condition increases the risk of developing chromosomal abnormalities and translocations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rawan El-Amine
- UMR 8126, Paris Saclay University, Paris-Sud University, Institut Gustave Roussy, CNRS, Villejuif 94805, France; LIA 1066 LFR2O French-Russian Joint Cancer Research Laboratory, 94805 Villejuif, France, 119334 Moscow, Russia; Doctoral school of Sciences and Technology (EDST), Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon; Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences II/Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology (EDST), Lebanese University, Jdeidet El Metn-Fanar, Lebanon; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences II/EDST, Lebanese University, Jdeidet El Metn-Fanar, Lebanon
| | - Diego Germini
- UMR 8126, Paris Saclay University, Paris-Sud University, Institut Gustave Roussy, CNRS, Villejuif 94805, France; LIA 1066 LFR2O French-Russian Joint Cancer Research Laboratory, 94805 Villejuif, France, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vlada V Zakharova
- UMR 8126, Paris Saclay University, Paris-Sud University, Institut Gustave Roussy, CNRS, Villejuif 94805, France; LIA 1066 LFR2O French-Russian Joint Cancer Research Laboratory, 94805 Villejuif, France, 119334 Moscow, Russia; A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatyana Tsfasman
- UMR 8126, Paris Saclay University, Paris-Sud University, Institut Gustave Roussy, CNRS, Villejuif 94805, France; LIA 1066 LFR2O French-Russian Joint Cancer Research Laboratory, 94805 Villejuif, France, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Eugene V Sheval
- LIA 1066 LFR2O French-Russian Joint Cancer Research Laboratory, 94805 Villejuif, France, 119334 Moscow, Russia; A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ruy A N Louzada
- UMR 8200, Institut Gustave Roussy, CNRS, Villejuif 94805, France
| | - Corinne Dupuy
- UMR 8200, Institut Gustave Roussy, CNRS, Villejuif 94805, France
| | - Chrystèle Bilhou-Nabera
- Biological Hematology Service-U.F. of Onco-Hematology Cytogenetics-Hôpital Saint-Antoine, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Aline Hamade
- Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences II/Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology (EDST), Lebanese University, Jdeidet El Metn-Fanar, Lebanon
| | - Fadia Najjar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences II/EDST, Lebanese University, Jdeidet El Metn-Fanar, Lebanon
| | - Eric Oksenhendler
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Hôpital Saint-Louis, 75010 Paris, France
| | - Marс Lipinski
- UMR 8126, Paris Saclay University, Paris-Sud University, Institut Gustave Roussy, CNRS, Villejuif 94805, France; LIA 1066 LFR2O French-Russian Joint Cancer Research Laboratory, 94805 Villejuif, France, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris V Chernyak
- LIA 1066 LFR2O French-Russian Joint Cancer Research Laboratory, 94805 Villejuif, France, 119334 Moscow, Russia; A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yegor S Vassetzky
- UMR 8126, Paris Saclay University, Paris-Sud University, Institut Gustave Roussy, CNRS, Villejuif 94805, France; LIA 1066 LFR2O French-Russian Joint Cancer Research Laboratory, 94805 Villejuif, France, 119334 Moscow, Russia; A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Imaging HIV-1 Genomic DNA from Entry through Productive Infection. J Virol 2017; 91:JVI.00034-17. [PMID: 28250118 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00034-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to track the fate of HIV-1 particles from early entry events through productive infection, we developed a method to visualize HIV-1 DNA reverse transcription complexes by the incorporation and fluorescent labeling of the thymidine analog 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) into nascent viral DNA during cellular entry. Monocyte-derived macrophages were chosen as natural targets of HIV-1, as they do not divide and therefore do not incorporate EdU into chromosomal DNA, which would obscure the detection of intranuclear HIV-1 genomes. Using this approach, we observed distinct EdU puncta in the cytoplasm of infected cells within 12 h postinfection and subsequent accumulation of puncta in the nucleus, which remained stable through 5 days. The depletion of the restriction factor SAMHD1 resulted in a markedly increased number of EdU puncta, allowing efficient quantification of HIV-1 reverse transcription events. Analysis of HIV-1 isolates bearing defined mutations in the capsid protein revealed differences in their cytoplasmic and nuclear accumulation, and data from quantitative PCR analysis closely recapitulated the EdU results. RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization identified actively transcribing, EdU-labeled HIV-1 genomes in productively infected cells, and immunofluorescence analysis confirmed that CDK9, phosphorylated at serine 175, was recruited to RNA-positive HIV-1 DNA, providing a means to directly observe transcriptionally active HIV-1 genomes in productively infected cells. Overall, this system allows stable labeling and monitoring of HIV genomic DNA within infected cells during cytoplasmic transit, nuclear import, and mRNA synthesis.IMPORTANCE The fates of HIV-1 reverse transcription products within infected cells are not well understood. Although previous imaging approaches identified HIV-1 intermediates during early stages of infection, few have connected these events with the later stages that ultimately lead to proviral transcription and the production of progeny virus. Here we developed a technique to label HIV-1 genomes using modified nucleosides, allowing subsequent imaging of cytoplasmic and nuclear HIV-1 DNA in infected monocyte-derived macrophages. We used this technique to track the efficiency of nuclear entry as well as the fates of HIV-1 genomes in productively and nonproductively infected macrophages. We visualized transcriptionally active HIV-1 DNA, revealing that transcription occurs in a subset of HIV-1 genomes in productively infected cells. Collectively, this approach provides new insights into the nature of transcribing HIV-1 genomes and allows us to track the entire course of infection in macrophages, a key target of HIV-1 in infected individuals.
Collapse
|
15
|
Nookala AR, Mitra J, Chaudhari NS, Hegde ML, Kumar A. An Overview of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Associated Common Neurological Complications: Does Aging Pose a Challenge? J Alzheimers Dis 2017; 60:S169-S193. [PMID: 28800335 PMCID: PMC6152920 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
With increasing survival of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), the manifestation of heterogeneous neurological complications is also increasing alarmingly in these patients. Currently, more than 30% of about 40 million HIV-1 infected people worldwide develop central nervous system (CNS)-associated dysfunction, including dementia, sensory, and motor neuropathy. Furthermore, the highly effective antiretroviral therapy has been shown to increase the prevalence of mild cognitive functions while reducing other HIV-1-associated neurological complications. On the contrary, the presence of neurological disorder frequently affects the outcome of conventional HIV-1 therapy. Although, both the children and adults suffer from the post-HIV treatment-associated cognitive impairment, adults, especially depending on the age of disease onset, are more prone to CNS dysfunction. Thus, addressing neurological complications in an HIV-1-infected patient is a delicate balance of several factors and requires characterization of the molecular signature of associated CNS disorders involving intricate cross-talk with HIV-1-derived neurotoxins and other cellular factors. In this review, we summarize some of the current data supporting both the direct and indirect mechanisms, including neuro-inflammation and genome instability in association with aging, leading to CNS dysfunction after HIV-1 infection, and discuss the potential strategies addressing the treatment or prevention of HIV-1-mediated neurotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anantha Ram Nookala
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Joy Mitra
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nitish S. Chaudhari
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Muralidhar L. Hegde
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
- Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, NY, USA
| | - Anil Kumar
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Bray S, Turnbull M, Hebert S, Douville RN. Insight into the ERVK Integrase - Propensity for DNA Damage. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1941. [PMID: 27990140 PMCID: PMC5131560 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Retroviruses create permanently integrated proviruses that exist in the host genome. Retroviral genomes encode for functionally conserved gag, pro, pol, and env regions, as well as integrase (IN), which is required for retroviral integration. IN mediates viral genome insertion through 3′ end processing of the viral DNA and the strand transfer reaction. This process requires the formation of a pre-integration complex, comprised of IN, viral DNA, and cellular proteins. Viral insertion causes DNA damage, leading to the requirement of host DNA repair mechanisms. Therefore, a failure of DNA repair pathways may result in genomic instability and potentially cause host cell death. Considering the numerous human diseases associated with genomic instability, the endogenous retrovirus-K (ERVK) IN should be considered as a putative contributor to DNA damage in human cells. Future research and drug discovery should focus on ERVK IN activity and its role in human conditions, such as neurological disease and cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Bray
- Douville Lab, Department of Biology, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg MB, Canada
| | - Matthew Turnbull
- Douville Lab, Department of Biology, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg MB, Canada
| | - Sherry Hebert
- Douville Lab, Department of Biology, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg MB, Canada
| | - Renée N Douville
- Douville Lab, Department of Biology, University of Winnipeg, WinnipegMB, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, WinnipegMB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Shaw AM, Joseph GL, Jasti AC, Sastry-Dent L, Witting S, Cornetta K. Differences in vector-genome processing and illegitimate integration of non-integrating lentiviral vectors. Gene Ther 2016; 24:12-20. [PMID: 27682478 PMCID: PMC5269419 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2016.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A variety of mutations in lentiviral vector expression systems have been shown to generate a non-integrating phenotype. We studied a novel 12 base-pair U3-long terminal repeats (LTR) integrase (IN) attachment site deletion (U3-LTR att site) mutant and found similar physical titers to the previously reported IN catalytic core mutant IN/D116N. Both mutations led to a greater than two log reduction in vector integration; with IN/D116N providing lower illegitimate integration frequency, whereas the U3-LTR att site mutant provided a higher level of transgene expression. The improved expression of the U3-LTR att site mutant could not be explained solely based on an observed modest increase in integration frequency. In evaluating processing, we noted significant differences in unintegrated vector forms, with the U3-LTR att site mutant leading to a predominance of 1-LTR circles. The mutations also differed in the manner of illegitimate integration. The U3-LTR att site mutant vector demonstrated IN-mediated integration at the intact U5-LTR att site and non-IN-mediated integration at the mutated U3-LTR att site. Finally, we combined a variety of mutations and modifications and assessed transgene expression and integration frequency to show that combining modifications can improve the potential clinical utility of non-integrating lentiviral vectors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A M Shaw
- Departments of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - G L Joseph
- Departments of Microbiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - A C Jasti
- Departments of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - L Sastry-Dent
- Departments of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - S Witting
- Department of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - K Cornetta
- Departments of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Departments of Microbiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Departments of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
HIV-1 Vpr increases HCV replication through VprBP in cell culture. Virus Res 2016; 223:153-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
19
|
Gutierrez DA, Valdes L, Serguera C, Llano M. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 silences retroviruses independently of viral DNA integration or heterochromatin formation. J Gen Virol 2016; 97:1686-1692. [PMID: 27028089 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
PARP-1 silences retrotransposons in Drosophila, through heterochromatin maintenance, and integrated retroviruses in chicken. Here, we determined the role of viral DNA integration and cellular heterochromatin in PARP-1-mediated retroviral silencing using HIV-1-derived lentiviral vectors and Rous-associated virus type 1 (RAV-1) as models. Analysis of the infection of PARP-1 knockout and control cells with HIV-1 harbouring WT integrase, in the presence or absence of an integrase inhibitor, or catalytic-dead mutant integrase indicated that silencing does not require viral DNA integration. The mechanism involves the catalytic activity of histone deacetylases but not that of PARP-1. In contrast to Drosophila, lack of PARP-1 in avian cells did not affect chromatin compaction globally or at the RAV-1 provirus, or the cellular levels of histone H3 N-terminal acetylated or Lys27 trimethylated, as indicated by micrococcal nuclease accessibility and immunoblot assays. Therefore, PARP-1 represses retroviruses prior to viral DNA integration by mechanisms involving histone deacetylases but not heterochromatin formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denisse A Gutierrez
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Luis Valdes
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | | | - Manuel Llano
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave., El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Doi A, Iijima K, Kano S, Ishizaka Y. Viral protein R of HIV type-1 induces retrotransposition and upregulates glutamate synthesis by the signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 signaling pathway. Microbiol Immunol 2016; 59:398-409. [PMID: 25990091 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Viral protein R (Vpr) of HIV-1 plays an important role in viral replication in macrophages. Various lines of evidence suggest that expression of Vpr in macrophages causes immunopathogenesis; however, the underlying mechanism is not yet fully understood. In this study, it was shown that recombinant Vpr (rVpr) induces retrotransposition of long interspersed element-1 in RAW264.7, a macrophage-like cell line, and activates reverse transcriptase-dependent immunotoxic cascades including production of IFN-β and phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1). Knockout experiments based on the CRISPR/Cas9 nickase system further demonstrated that cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase (cGAS) and stimulator of interferon gene (STING) are responsible for IFN-β production and STAT1 phosphorylation, respectively. Moreover, rVpr was found to increase production of glutaminase C, a regulator of glutamate synthesis, which is also dependent on the cGAS-STING pathway. Taken together with reports that glutaminase C is involved in the pathogenesis of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) and that Vpr is detectable in the cerebrospinal fluid of HIV-1-positive patients, a possible role of Vpr-induced L1-RTP and immunotoxic cascades in the development of HAND is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Doi
- Department of Intractable Diseases, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-0052.,Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Ten-nodai, Tsukuba, 305-0006.,Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, 5-3-1 Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0083
| | - Kenta Iijima
- Department of Intractable Diseases, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-0052
| | - Shigeyuki Kano
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Ten-nodai, Tsukuba, 305-0006.,Department of Tropical Medicine and Malaria, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-0052, Japan
| | - Yukihito Ishizaka
- Department of Intractable Diseases, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-0052
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
MARCH8 inhibits HIV-1 infection by reducing virion incorporation of envelope glycoproteins. Nat Med 2015; 21:1502-7. [PMID: 26523972 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Membrane-associated RING-CH 8 (MARCH8) is one of 11 members of the recently discovered MARCH family of RING (really interesting new gene)-finger E3 ubiquitin ligases. MARCH8 downregulates several host transmembrane proteins, including major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-II, CD86, interleukin (IL)-1 receptor accessory protein, TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) receptor 1 and the transferrin receptor. However, its physiological roles remain largely unknown. Here we identify MARCH8 as a novel antiviral factor. The ectopic expression of MARCH8 in virus-producing cells does not affect levels of lentivirus production, but it does markedly reduce viral infectivity. MARCH8 blocks the incorporation of HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein into virus particles by downregulating it from the cell surface, probably through their interaction, resulting in a substantial reduction in the efficiency of viral entry. The inhibitory effect of MARCH8 on vesicular stomatitis virus G-glycoprotein is even more remarkable, suggesting a broad-spectrum inhibition of enveloped viruses by MARCH8. Notably, the endogenous expression of MARCH8 is high in monocyte-derived macrophages and dendritic cells, and MARCH8 knockdown or knockout in macrophages significantly increases the infectivity of virions produced by these cells. Our findings thus indicate that MARCH8 is highly expressed in terminally differentiated myeloid cells, and that it is a potent antiviral protein that targets viral envelope glycoproteins and reduces their incorporation into virions.
Collapse
|
22
|
Iordanskiy S, Van Duyne R, Sampey GC, Woodson CM, Fry K, Saifuddin M, Guo J, Wu Y, Romerio F, Kashanchi F. Therapeutic doses of irradiation activate viral transcription and induce apoptosis in HIV-1 infected cells. Virology 2015; 485:1-15. [PMID: 26184775 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2015.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The highly active antiretroviral therapy reduces HIV-1 RNA in plasma to undetectable levels. However, the virus continues to persist in the long-lived resting CD4(+) T cells, macrophages and astrocytes which form a viral reservoir in infected individuals. Reactivation of viral transcription is critical since the host immune response in combination with antiretroviral therapy may eradicate the virus. Using the chronically HIV-1 infected T lymphoblastoid and monocytic cell lines, primary quiescent CD4(+) T cells and humanized mice infected with dual-tropic HIV-1 89.6, we examined the effect of various X-ray irradiation (IR) doses (used for HIV-related lymphoma treatment and lower doses) on HIV-1 transcription and viability of infected cells. Treatment of both T cells and monocytes with IR, a well-defined stress signal, led to increase of HIV-1 transcription, as evidenced by the presence of RNA polymerase II and reduction of HDAC1 and methyl transferase SUV39H1 on the HIV-1 promoter. This correlated with the increased GFP signal and elevated level of intracellular HIV-1 RNA in the IR-treated quiescent CD4(+) T cells infected with GFP-encoding HIV-1. Exposition of latently HIV-1infected monocytes treated with PKC agonist bryostatin 1 to IR enhanced transcription activation effect of this latency-reversing agent. Increased HIV-1 replication after IR correlated with higher cell death: the level of phosphorylated Ser46 in p53, responsible for apoptosis induction, was markedly higher in the HIV-1 infected cells following IR treatment. Exposure of HIV-1 infected humanized mice with undetectable viral RNA level to IR resulted in a significant increase of HIV-1 RNA in plasma, lung and brain tissues. Collectively, these data point to the use of low to moderate dose of IR alone or in combination with HIV-1 transcription activators as a potential application for the "Shock and Kill" strategy for latently HIV-1 infected cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Iordanskiy
- School of Systems Biology, Laboratory of Molecular Virology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA
| | - Rachel Van Duyne
- School of Systems Biology, Laboratory of Molecular Virology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA; Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Gavin C Sampey
- School of Systems Biology, Laboratory of Molecular Virology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA
| | - Caitlin M Woodson
- School of Systems Biology, Laboratory of Molecular Virology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA
| | - Kelsi Fry
- School of Systems Biology, Laboratory of Molecular Virology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA
| | - Mohammed Saifuddin
- School of Systems Biology, Laboratory of Molecular Virology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA
| | - Jia Guo
- School of Systems Biology, Laboratory of Molecular Virology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA
| | - Yuntao Wu
- School of Systems Biology, Laboratory of Molecular Virology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA
| | - Fabio Romerio
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Fatah Kashanchi
- School of Systems Biology, Laboratory of Molecular Virology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Guendel I, Meltzer BW, Baer A, Dever SM, Valerie K, Guo J, Wu Y, Kehn-Hall K. BRCA1 functions as a novel transcriptional cofactor in HIV-1 infection. Virol J 2015; 12:40. [PMID: 25879655 PMCID: PMC4359766 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-015-0266-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Viruses have naturally evolved elegant strategies to manipulate the host’s cellular machinery, including ways to hijack cellular DNA repair proteins to aid in their own replication. Retroviruses induce DNA damage through integration of their genome into host DNA. DNA damage signaling proteins including ATR, ATM and BRCA1 contribute to multiple steps in the HIV-1 life cycle, including integration and Vpr-induced G2/M arrest. However, there have been no studies to date regarding the role of BRCA1 in HIV-1 transcription. Methods Here we performed various transcriptional analyses to assess the role of BRCA1 in HIV-1 transcription by overexpression, selective depletion, and treatment with small molecule inhibitors. We examined association of Tat and BRCA1 through in vitro binding assays, as well as BRCA1-LTR association by chromatin immunoprecipitation. Results BRCA1 was found to be important for viral transcription as cells that lack BRCA1 displayed severely reduced HIV-1 Tat-dependent transcription, and gain or loss-of-function studies resulted in enhanced or decreased transcription. Moreover, Tat was detected in complex with BRCA1 aa504-802. Small molecule inhibition of BRCA1 phosphorylation effector kinases, ATR and ATM, decreased Tat-dependent transcription, whereas a Chk2 inhibitor showed no effect. Furthermore, BRCA1 was found at the viral promoter and treatment with curcumin and ATM inhibitors decreased BRCA1 LTR occupancy. Importantly, these findings were validated in a highly relevant model of HIV infection and are indicative of BRCA1 phosphorylation affecting Tat-dependent transcription. Conclusions BRCA1 presence at the HIV-1 promoter highlights a novel function of the multifaceted protein in HIV-1 infection. The BRCA1 pathway or enzymes that phosphorylate BRCA1 could potentially be used as complementary host-based treatment for combined antiretroviral therapy, as there are multiple potent ATM inhibitors in development as chemotherapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Guendel
- National Center for Biodefense & Infectious Diseases, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Biomedical Research Lab, 10650 Pyramid Place, MS 1J5, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA.
| | - Beatrix W Meltzer
- National Center for Biodefense & Infectious Diseases, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Biomedical Research Lab, 10650 Pyramid Place, MS 1J5, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA.
| | - Alan Baer
- National Center for Biodefense & Infectious Diseases, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Biomedical Research Lab, 10650 Pyramid Place, MS 1J5, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA.
| | - Seth M Dever
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.
| | - Kristoffer Valerie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA.
| | - Jia Guo
- National Center for Biodefense & Infectious Diseases, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Biomedical Research Lab, 10650 Pyramid Place, MS 1J5, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA.
| | - Yuntao Wu
- National Center for Biodefense & Infectious Diseases, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Biomedical Research Lab, 10650 Pyramid Place, MS 1J5, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA.
| | - Kylene Kehn-Hall
- National Center for Biodefense & Infectious Diseases, School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Biomedical Research Lab, 10650 Pyramid Place, MS 1J5, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
The HIV-1 accessory protein Vpr induces the degradation of the anti-HIV-1 agent APOBEC3G through a VprBP-mediated proteasomal pathway. Virus Res 2014; 195:25-34. [PMID: 25200749 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2014.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The host anti-HIV-1 factor APOBEC3G (A3G) plays a potential role in restricting HIV-1 replication, although this antagonist can be encountered and disarmed by the Vif protein. In this paper, we report that another HIV-1 accessory protein, viral protein R (Vpr), can interact with A3G and intervene in its antiviral behavior. The interaction of Vpr and A3G was predicted by computer-based screen and confirmed by a co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) approach. We found that Vpr could reduce the virion encapsidation of A3G to enhance viral replication. Subsequent experiments showed that Vpr downregulated A3G through Vpr-binding protein (VprBP)-mediated proteasomal degradation, and further confirmed that the reduction of A3G encapsidation associated with Vpr was due to Vpr's degradation-inducing activity. Our findings highlight the versatility of Vpr by unveiling the hostile relationship between Vpr and A3G. In addition, the observation that A3G is targeted to the proteasomal degradation pathway by Vpr in addition to Vif implicates the existence of crosstalk between different HIV-1-host ubiquitin ligase complex systems.
Collapse
|
25
|
Shaw A, Cornetta K. Design and Potential of Non-Integrating Lentiviral Vectors. Biomedicines 2014; 2:14-35. [PMID: 28548058 PMCID: PMC5423482 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines2010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lentiviral vectors have demonstrated promising results in clinical trials that target cells of the hematopoietic system. For these applications, they are the vectors of choice since they provide stable integration into cells that will undergo extensive expansion in vivo. Unfortunately, integration can have unintended consequences including dysregulated cell growth. Therefore, lentiviral vectors that do not integrate are predicted to have a safer profile compared to integrating vectors and should be considered for applications where transient expression is required or for sustained episomal expression such as in quiescent cells. In this review, the system for generating lentiviral vectors will be described and used to illustrate how alterations in the viral integrase or vector Long Terminal Repeats have been used to generate vectors that lack the ability to integrate. In addition to their safety advantages, these non-integrating lentiviral vectors can be used when persistent expression would have adverse consequences. Vectors are currently in development for use in vaccinations, cancer therapy, site-directed gene insertions, gene disruption strategies, and cell reprogramming. Preclinical work will be described that illustrates the potential of this unique vector system in human gene therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Shaw
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Kenneth Cornetta
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| |
Collapse
|