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Jin Y, Wang W, Wang Q, Zhang Y, Zahid KR, Raza U, Gong Y. Alpha-1-antichymotrypsin as a novel biomarker for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy prediction in human diseases. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:156. [PMID: 35439996 PMCID: PMC9019971 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02572-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The glycoprotein alpha-1-antichymotrypsin (AACT), a serine protease inhibitor, is mainly synthesized in the liver and then secreted into the blood and is involved in the acute phase response, inflammation, and proteolysis. The dysregulation of AACT and its glycosylation levels are associated with tumor progression and recurrence, and could be used as a biomarker for tumor monitoring. In this review, we summarized the expression level, glycosylation modification, and biological characteristics of AACT during inflammation, neurodegenerative or other elderly diseases, and tumorigenesis, as well as, focused on the biological roles of AACT in cancer. The aberrant expression of AACT in cancer might be due to genetic alterations and/or immune by bioinformatics analysis. Moreover, AACT may serve as a diagnostic or prognostic biomarker or therapeutic target in tumors. Furthermore, we found that the expression of AACT was associated with the overall survival of patients with human cancers. Decreased AACT expression was associated with poor survival in patients with liver cancer, increased AACT expression was associated with shorter survival in patients with pancreatic cancer, and decreased AACT expression was associated with shorter survival in patients with early lung cancer. The review confirmed the key roles of AACT in tumorigenesis, suggesting that the glycoprotein AACT may serve as a biomarker for tumor diagnosis and prognosis, and could be a potential therapeutic target for human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Jin
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Edible Wild Plants Conservation and Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Hubei Normal University, No. 11 Cihu Road, Huangshi District, Huangshi, 435002, China
| | - Weidong Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Hubei Normal University, No. 11 Cihu Road, Huangshi District, Huangshi, 435002, China.
| | - Qiyun Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Edible Wild Plants Conservation and Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Hubei Normal University, No. 11 Cihu Road, Huangshi District, Huangshi, 435002, China
| | - Yueyang Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Edible Wild Plants Conservation and Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Hubei Normal University, No. 11 Cihu Road, Huangshi District, Huangshi, 435002, China
| | - Kashif Rafiq Zahid
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Oceanography, Carson International Cancer Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Umar Raza
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS), PWD Campus, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Yongsheng Gong
- Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No.26 Daoqian Street, Suzhou, 215002, China.
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Feng Y, Jiang H, Li G, He G, Li X. Decreased Expression of Protein O-linked Mannose β 1,2-N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1 Contributes to Alzheimer's Disease-like Pathologies. J Neurophysiol 2022; 127:1067-1074. [PMID: 35320023 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00362.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is pathologically characterized by senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles composed of β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) and tau hyperphosphorylation, respectively. Mannosylation, a particular type of post-translational modification, may be involved in the pathogenesis of AD. However, its underlying mechanism remains unclear. Protein O-linked mannose β 1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1 (POMGnT1) catalyzes the formation of the N-acetylglucosamine β-1,2-Man linkage of O-mannosylglycan, which can increase the protein post-translational mannosylation level. The defective POMGnT1 gene leads to the hypomannosylation of proteins, which may cause cognitive decline in aged people. This study aimed to investigate whether POMGnT1 participated in the pathogenesis of AD and explore its underlying role using AD mouse and cell models. In this study, the expression of POMGnT1 was measured in AD models [β-amyloid precursor protein (APP)/presenilin-1 (PS1) transgenic mice, an AD mouse model; N2a cells stably transfected with Swedish mutant APP (N2a/APP), an AD cell model]. The results revealed that the expression of POMGnT1 decreased in AD mouse and cell models. Additionally, POMGnT1-overexpressing N2a/APP cells were built by retroviral transfection. POMGnT1 overexpression may lower Aβ levels by reducing APP production and downregulating β-and γ-secretase activities. It also promoted clearance of Aβ by upregulating insulin-degrading enzymes and ameliorated tau hyperphosphorylation. Hence, it was concluded that POMGnT1 was involved in the pathogenic process of AD. The decreased expression of POMGnT1 contributes to AD-like pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxue Feng
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hanxiao Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gongbo Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guiqiong He
- Institute of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Horta-López PH, Mendoza-Franco G, Rodríguez-Cruz F, Torres-Cruz FM, Hernández-Echeagaray E, Jarero-Basulto JJ, Rícny J, Garduño BF, Garcia-Sierra F. Association of α-1-Antichymotrypsin Expression with the Development of Conformational Changes of Tau Protein in Alzheimer's Disease Brain. Neuroscience 2022; 518:83-100. [PMID: 35007692 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In Alzheimer's disease (AD), two mutually exclusive amino-terminal-dependent conformations have been reported to occur during the aggregation of Tau protein into neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). An early conformation of full-length Tau, involving the bending of the amino terminus over the third repeated domain, is recognized by the Alz-50 antibody, followed by a second conformation recognized by Tau-66 antibody that depends on the folding of the proline-rich region over the third repeated domain in a molecule partially truncated at the amino- and carboxyl-termini. α-1-antichymotrypsin (ACT) is an acute phase serum glycoprotein that accumulates abnormally in the brain of AD patients, and since it is considered to promote the in vitro and in vivo aggregation of amyloid-β, we here seek further evidence that ACT may also contribute to the abnormal aggregation of Tau in AD. By analyzing brain samples from a population of AD cases under immunofluorescence and high-resolution confocal microscopy, we demonstrate here the abundant expression of ACT in hippocampal neurons, visualized as a granular diffuse accumulation, frequently reaching the nuclear compartment. In a significant number of these neurons, intracellular NFTs composed of abnormally phosphorylated and truncated Tau at Asp421 were also observed to coexist in separated regions of the cytoplasm. However, we found strong colocalization between ACT and diffuse aggregates of Tau-66-positive granules, which was not observed with Alz-50 antibody. These results suggest that ACT may play a role during the development of Tau conformational changes facilitating its aggregation during the formation of the neurofibrillary pathology in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perla H Horta-López
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neurosciences, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Graciela Mendoza-Franco
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fanny Rodríguez-Cruz
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Francisco M Torres-Cruz
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología del Desarrollo y la Neurodegeneración, UBIMED, FES-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Hernández-Echeagaray
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología del Desarrollo y la Neurodegeneración, UBIMED, FES-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Jose J Jarero-Basulto
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, Cell and Molecular Biology Department, CUCBA, University of Guadalajara, Zapopan, Mexico
| | - Jan Rícny
- National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Benjamín Florán Garduño
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neurosciences, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Francisco Garcia-Sierra
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Zhong L, Zhu L, Cai ZW. Mass Spectrometry-based Proteomics and Glycoproteomics in COVID-19 Biomarkers Identification: A Mini-review. JOURNAL OF ANALYSIS AND TESTING 2021; 5:298-313. [PMID: 34513131 PMCID: PMC8423835 DOI: 10.1007/s41664-021-00197-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The first corona-pandemic, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused a huge health crisis and incalculable damage worldwide. Knowledge of how to cure the disease is urgently needed. Emerging immune escaping mutants of the virus suggested that it may be potentially persistent in human society as a regular health threat as the flu virus. Therefore, it is imperative to identify appropriate biomarkers to indicate pathological and physiological states, and more importantly, clinic outcomes. Proteins are the performers of life functions, and their abundance and modification status can directly reflect the immune status. Protein glycosylation serves a great impact in modulating protein function. The use of both unmodified and glycosylated proteins as biomarkers has also been proved feasible in the studies of SARS, Zika virus, influenza, etc. In recent years, mass spectrometry-based glycoproteomics, as well as proteomics approaches, advanced significantly due to the evolution of mass spectrometry. We focus on the current development of the mass spectrometry-based strategy for COVID-19 biomarkers' investigation. Potential application of glycoproteomics approaches and challenges in biomarkers identification are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, 224 Waterloo Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, 224 Waterloo Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zong-Wei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, 224 Waterloo Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Chen Z, Yu Q, Yu Q, Johnson J, Shipman R, Zhong X, Huang J, Asthana S, Carlsson C, Okonkwo O, Li L. In-depth Site-specific Analysis of N-glycoproteome in Human Cerebrospinal Fluid and Glycosylation Landscape Changes in Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Cell Proteomics 2021; 20:100081. [PMID: 33862227 PMCID: PMC8724636 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2021.100081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
As the body fluid that directly interchanges with the extracellular fluid of the central nervous system (CNS), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) serves as a rich source for CNS-related disease biomarker discovery. Extensive proteome profiling has been conducted for CSF, but studies aimed at unraveling site-specific CSF N-glycoproteome are lacking. Initial efforts into site-specific N-glycoproteomics study in CSF yield limited coverage, hindering further experimental design of glycosylation-based disease biomarker discovery in CSF. In the present study, we have developed an N-glycoproteomic approach that combines enhanced N-glycopeptide sequential enrichment by hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) and boronic acid enrichment with electron transfer and higher-energy collision dissociation (EThcD) for large-scale intact N-glycopeptide analysis. The application of the developed approach to the analyses of human CSF samples enabled identifications of a total of 2893 intact N-glycopeptides from 511 N-glycosites and 285 N-glycoproteins. To our knowledge, this is the largest site-specific N-glycoproteome dataset reported for CSF to date. Such dataset provides molecular basis for a better understanding of the structure-function relationships of glycoproteins and their roles in CNS-related physiological and pathological processes. As accumulating evidence suggests that defects in glycosylation are involved in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis, in the present study, a comparative in-depth N-glycoproteomic analysis was conducted for CSF samples from healthy control and AD patients, which yielded a comparable N-glycoproteome coverage but a distinct expression pattern for different categories of glycoforms, such as decreased fucosylation in AD CSF samples. Altered glycosylation patterns were detected for a number of N-glycoproteins including alpha-1-antichymotrypsin, ephrin-A3 and carnosinase CN1 etc., which serve as potentially interesting targets for further glycosylation-based AD study and may eventually lead to molecular elucidation of the role of glycosylation in AD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengwei Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Qinying Yu
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Qing Yu
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jillian Johnson
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Richard Shipman
- Department of Applied Science, University of Wisconsin-Stout, Menomonie, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Xiaofang Zhong
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Junfeng Huang
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Sanjay Asthana
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Cynthia Carlsson
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ozioma Okonkwo
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Lingjun Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA; School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
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Ko E, Seo HW, Jung ES, Ju S, Kim BH, Cho H, Kim YJ, Park YM, Kim JS, Jung G. PI3Kδ Is a Therapeutic Target in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Hepatology 2018; 68:2285-2300. [PMID: 30300952 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Class I phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling is a major pathway in human cancer development and progression. Among the four PI3K isoforms, PI3Kα and PI3Kβ are ubiquitously expressed, whereas PI3Kγ and PI3Kδ are found primarily in leukocytes. Until now, PI3K targeting in solid tumors has focused on inhibiting PI3Kα-mediated and PI3Kβ-mediated cancer cell-intrinsic PI3K activity. The role of PI3Kδ in solid tumors is unknown. Here, we evaluated the effects of PI3Kδ using established hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells, malignant hepatocytes derived from patients with advanced HCC, murine models, and HCC tissues using RNA sequencing, quantitative PCR, immunoblotting, immunofluorescence, microarray, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and kinase assay. We established a chemical carcinogenesis model of liver malignancy that reflects the malignant phenotype and the in vivo environment of advanced HCC. In this in vivo advanced HCC-mimic system using HCC cells treated with hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ), we showed that H2 O2 selectively increases PI3Kδ activity while decreasing that of other class I PI3Ks. Blocking PI3Kδ activity with a PI3Kδ inhibitor or small interfering RNA-mediated PI3Kδ gene silencing inhibited HCC-cell proliferation and dampened key features of malignant HCC, including the up-regulation of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT). Mechanistically, H2 O2 induced oxidative modification of the serpin peptidase inhibitor, serpin peptidase inhibitor (SERPINA3), blocking its ubiquitin-dependent degradation and enhancing its activity as a transcriptional activator of PI3Kδ and TERT. High PI3Kδ levels in HCC were found to correlate with poor survival rates, with human advanced HCC showing positive correlations between the protein levels of oxidized SERPINA3, PI3Kδ, and TERT. Thus, PI3Kδ plays significant roles in malignant liver tumors. Conclusion: Our data identify PI3Kδ inhibition, recently approved for the treatment of human B-cell malignancies, as a potential treatment for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunkyong Ko
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Wook Seo
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun Sun Jung
- Department of Pathology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soomi Ju
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Center for RNA Research, Institute of Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, South Korea
| | - Baek-Hui Kim
- Department of Pathology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeki Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoon Jun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Min Park
- Hepatology Center and Laboratory of Hepatocarcinogenesis, Bundang Jesaeng General Hospital, Kyungkido, South Korea
| | - Jong-Seo Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Center for RNA Research, Institute of Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, South Korea
| | - Guhung Jung
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Park J, Masaki T, Mezaki Y, Yokoyama H, Nakamura M, Maehashi H, Fujimi TJ, Gouraud SS, Nagatsuma K, Nakagomi M, Kimura N, Matsuura T. Alpha-1 antichymotrypsin is involved in astrocyte injury in concert with arginine-vasopressin during the development of acute hepatic encephalopathy. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189346. [PMID: 29216295 PMCID: PMC5720809 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims We developed a bio-artificial liver (BAL) using a radial-flow bioreactor and rescued mini-pig models with lethal acute liver failure (ALF). The point of the rescue is the recovery from hepatic encephalopathy (HE). HE on ALF has sometimes resulted in brain death following brain edema with astrocyte swelling. Several factors, including ammonia and glutamine, have been reported to induce astrocyte swelling and injury. However, many clinicians believe that there are any other factors involved in the development of HE. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify novel HE-inducible factors, particularly those inducing astrocyte dysfunction. Methods Mini-pig plasma samples were collected at three time points: before the administration of toxins (α-amanitin and LPS), when HE occurred after the administration of toxins, and after treatment with extracorporeal circulation (EC) by the BAL. To identify the causative factors of HE, each plasma sample was subjected to a comparative proteome analysis with two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. To assess the direct effects of candidate factors on the astrocyte function and injury, in vitro experiments with human astrocytes were performed. Results Using a proteome analysis, we identified alpha-1 antichymotrypsin (ACT), which was increased in plasma samples from mini-pigs with HE and decreased in those after treatment with EC by BAL. In in vitro experiments with human astrocytes, ACT showed growth-inhibitory and cytotoxic effects on astrocytes. In addition, the expression of water channel protein aquaporin-4, which is induced in injured astrocytes, was increased following ACT treatment. Interestingly, these effects of ACT were additively enhanced by adding arginine-vasopressin (AVP) and were canceled by adding an AVP receptor antagonist. Conclusions These results suggest that ACT is involved in astrocyte injury and dysfunction in concert with AVP during the development of acute HE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonghyuk Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Masaki
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Mezaki
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yokoyama
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mariko Nakamura
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruka Maehashi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiko J. Fujimi
- Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Bunkyo University, Chigasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Sabine S. Gouraud
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ochanomizu University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Nagatsuma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Madoka Nakagomi
- Hatano Research Institute, Food and Drug Safety Center, Hadano, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Naofumi Kimura
- Department of Pharmacology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Matsuura
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Wang J, Cheng X, Zeng J, Yuan J, Wang Z, Zhou W, Zhang Y. LW-AFC Effects on N-glycan Profile in Senescence-Accelerated Mouse Prone 8 Strain, a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Aging Dis 2017; 8:101-114. [PMID: 28203484 PMCID: PMC5287383 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2016.0522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation is one of the most common eukaryotic post-translational modifications, and aberrant glycosylation has been linked to many diseases. However, glycosylation and glycome analysis is a significantly challenging task. Although several lines of evidence have indicated that protein glycosylation is defective in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), only a few studies have focused on AD glycomics. The etiology of AD is unclear and there are no effective disease-modifying treatments for AD. In this study, we found that the object recognition memory, passive avoidance, and spatial learning and memory of senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) strain, an AD animal model, were deficient, and LW-AFC, which was prepared from the traditional Chinese medicine prescription Liuwei Dihuang decoction, showed beneficial effects on the deterioration of cognitive capability in SAMP8 mice. Forty-three and 56 N-glycan were identified in the cerebral cortex and serum of SAMP8 mice, respectively. The N-glycan profile in SAMP8 mice was significantly different from that of senescence accelerated mouse resistant 1 (SAMR1) strains, the control of SAMP8 mice. Treatment with LW-AFC modulated the abundance of 21 and 6 N-glycan in the cerebral cortex and serum of SAMP8 mice, respectively. The abundance of (Hex)3(HexNAc)5(Fuc)1(Neu5Ac)1 and (Hex)2(HexNAc)4 decreased in the cerebral cortex and serum of SAMP8 mice compared with SAMR1 mice, decreases that were significantly correlated with learning and memory measures. The administration of LW-AFC could reverse or increase these levels in SAMP8 mice. These results indicated that the effects of LW-AFC on cognitive impairments in SAMP8 mice might be through modulation of N-glycan patterns, and LW-AFC may be a potential anti-AD agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Wang
- 1Department of TCM and Neuroimmunopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China; 2State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xiaorui Cheng
- 1Department of TCM and Neuroimmunopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China; 2State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Ju Zeng
- 1Department of TCM and Neuroimmunopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China; 2State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Jiangbei Yuan
- 3Educational Ministry Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Life Sciences College, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Zhongfu Wang
- 3Educational Ministry Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Life Sciences College, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Wenxia Zhou
- 1Department of TCM and Neuroimmunopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China; 2State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yongxiang Zhang
- 1Department of TCM and Neuroimmunopharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China; 2State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing 100850, China
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Abstract
The glycome, that is, the glycan components of a biological source, has been widely reported to change with disease states. However, mining the glycome for biomarkers is complicated by glycan structural heterogeneity. Nanoflow LC, or nano-LC, significantly addresses the problem by providing a highly sensitive and quantitative method of separating and profiling glycans. This review summarizes recent advances in analytical technology and methodology that enhance and augment the advantages offered by nano-LC. (e.g., reversed phase, hydrophilic interaction and porous graphitized carbon chromatography, as well as associated derivatization strategies), detectors (e.g., fluorescence and MS), and technology platforms (particularly chip-based nano-LC) are examined in detail, along with their application to biomarker discovery. Particular emphasis is placed on methods and technologies that allow structure-specific glycan profiling.
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