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Klein S, Mischke J, Beruldsen F, Prinz I, Antunes DA, Cornberg M, Kraft ARM. Individual Epitope-Specific CD8 + T Cell Immune Responses Are Shaped Differently during Chronic Viral Infection. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12050716. [PMID: 37242386 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12050716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A hallmark in chronic viral infections are exhausted antigen-specific CD8+ T cell responses and the inability of the immune system to eliminate the virus. Currently, there is limited information on the variability of epitope-specific T cell exhaustion within one immune response and the relevance to the T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire. The aim of this study was a comprehensive analysis and comparison of three lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) epitope-specific CD8+ T cell responses (NP396, GP33 and NP205) in a chronic setting with immune intervention, e.g., immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy, in regard to the TCR repertoire. These responses, though measured within the same mice, were individual and independent from each other. The massively exhausted NP396-specific CD8+ T cells revealed a significantly reduced TCR repertoire diversity, whereas less-exhausted GP33-specific CD8+ T cell responses were rather unaffected by chronicity in regard to their TCR repertoire diversity. NP205-specific CD8+ T cell responses showed a very special TCR repertoire with a prominent public motif of TCR clonotypes that was present in all NP205-specific responses, which separated this from NP396- and GP33-specific responses. Additionally, we showed that TCR repertoire shifts induced by ICI therapy are heterogeneous on the epitope level, by revealing profound effects in NP396-, less severe and opposed effects in NP205-, and minor effects in GP33-specific responses. Overall, our data revealed individual epitope-specific responses within one viral response that are differently affected by exhaustion and ICI therapy. These individual shapings of epitope-specific T cell responses and their TCR repertoires in an LCMV mouse model indicates important implications for focusing on epitope-specific responses in future evaluations for therapeutic approaches, e.g., for chronic hepatitis virus infections in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Klein
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Twincore Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Medicine, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jasmin Mischke
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Twincore Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Medicine, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Finn Beruldsen
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Immo Prinz
- Institute of Systems Immunology, University Medical Center Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Dinler A Antunes
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Markus Cornberg
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Twincore Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Medicine, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CIIM), c/o CRC Hannover, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Anke R M Kraft
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Twincore Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Medicine, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Centre for Individualised Infection Medicine (CIIM), c/o CRC Hannover, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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2
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Gao Y, Bergman I. Anti-tumor memory CD4 and CD8 T-cells quantified by bulk T-cell receptor (TCR) clonal analysis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1137054. [PMID: 37033929 PMCID: PMC10076582 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1137054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple, reliable methods to detect anti-tumor memory T-cells are necessary to develop a clinical tumor vaccination program. A mouse model of curative viral onco-immunotherapy found that peritoneal tumor challenge following cure identified an oligoclonal anti-tumor memory CD4 and CD8 T-cell response. Clonotypes differed among the challenged animals but were congruent in blood, spleen and peritoneal cells (PC) of the same animal. Adoptive transfer demonstrated that the high-frequency responding T-cells were tumor specific. Tetramer analysis confirmed that clonotype frequency determined by T-cell receptor (TCR)- chain (TRB) analysis closely approximated cell clone frequency. The mean frequency of resting anti-tumor memory CD4 T-cells in unchallenged spleen was 0.028% and of memory CD8 T-cells was 0.11% which was not high enough to distinguish them from background. Stimulation produced a mean ~10-fold increase in splenic and 100-fold increase in peritoneal anti-tumor memory T-cell clonotypes. This methodology can be developed to use blood and tissue sampling to rapidly quantify the effectiveness of a tumor vaccine or any vaccine generating therapeutic T-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhua Gao
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Ira Bergman
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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3
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Zhuo Y, Yang X, Shuai P, Yang L, Wen X, Zhong X, Yang S, Xu S, Liu Y, Zhang Z. Evaluation and comparison of adaptive immunity through analyzing the diversities and clonalities of T-cell receptor repertoires in the peripheral blood. Front Immunol 2022; 13:916430. [PMID: 36159829 PMCID: PMC9493076 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.916430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The adaptive immune system plays an important role in defending against different kinds of diseases, including infection and cancer. There has been a longtime need for a simple method to quantitatively evaluate the potency of adaptive immunity in our bodies. The tremendously diversified T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoires are the foundation of the adaptive immune system. In this study, we analyzed the expressed TCRβ repertoires in the peripheral blood of 582 healthy donors and 60 cancer patients. The TCR repertoire in each individual is different, with different usages of TCR Vβ and Jβ genes. Importantly, the TCR diversity and clonality change along with age and disease situation. Most elder individuals and cancer patients have elevated numbers of large TCRβ clones and reduced numbers of shared common clones, and thus, they have very low TCR diversity index (D50) values. These results reveal the alteration of the expressed TCRβ repertoire with aging and oncogenesis, and thus, we hypothesize that the TCR diversity and clonality in the peripheral blood might be used to evaluate and compare the adaptive immunities among different individuals in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhuo
- Department of Health Management & Institute of Health Management, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Health Management & Institute of Health Management, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Shuai
- Department of Health Management & Institute of Health Management, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Liangliang Yang
- Department of Health Management & Institute of Health Management, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xueping Wen
- Department of Technology, Chengdu ExAb Biotechnology, LTD, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuemei Zhong
- Department of Technology, Chengdu ExAb Biotechnology, LTD, Chengdu, China
| | - Shihan Yang
- Department of Technology, Chengdu ExAb Biotechnology, LTD, Chengdu, China
| | - Shaoxian Xu
- Department of Health Management & Institute of Health Management, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuping Liu
- Department of Health Management & Institute of Health Management, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Zhixin Zhang, ; Yuping Liu,
| | - Zhixin Zhang
- Department of Health Management & Institute of Health Management, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Zhixin Zhang, ; Yuping Liu,
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Zhang C, Lei L, Yang X, Ma K, Zheng H, Su Y, Jiao A, Wang X, Liu H, Zou Y, Shi L, Zhou X, Sun C, Hou Y, Xiao Z, Zhang L, Zhang B. Single-cell sequencing reveals antitumor characteristics of intratumoral immune cells in old mice. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2021-002809. [PMID: 34642245 PMCID: PMC8513495 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-002809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aging has long been thought to be a major risk factor for various types of cancers. However, accumulating evidence indicates increased resistance of old animals to tumor growth. An in-depth understanding of how old individuals defend against tumor invasion requires further investigations. Methods We revealed age-associated alterations in tumor-infiltrating immune cells between young and old mice using single-cell RNA and coupled T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing analysis. Multiple bioinformatics methods were adopted to analyze the characteristics of the transcriptome between two groups. To explore the impacts of young and old CD8+ T cells on tumor growth, mice were treated with anti-CD8 antibody every 3 days starting 7 days after tumor inoculation. Flow cytometry was used to validate the differences indicated by sequencing analysis between young and old mice. Results We found a higher proportion of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells, naturally occurring Tregs, conventional dendritic cell (DC), and M1-like macrophages in tumors of old mice compared with a higher percentage of exhausted CD8+ T cells, induced Tregs, plasmacytoid DC, and M2-like macrophages in young mice. Importantly, TCR diversity analysis showed that top 10 TCR clones consisted primarily of exhausted CD8+ T cells in young mice whereas top clones were predominantly cytotoxic CD8+ T cells in old mice. Old mice had more CD8+ T cells with a ‘progenitor’ and less ‘terminally’ exhausted phenotypes than young mice. Consistently, trajectory inference demonstrated that CD8+ T cells preferentially differentiated into cytotoxic cells in old mice in contrast to exhausted cells in young mice. Importantly, elimination of CD8+ T cells in old mice during tumor growth significantly accelerated tumor development. Moreover, senescent features were demonstrated in exhausted but not cytotoxic CD8+ T cells regardless of young and old mice. Conclusions Our data revealed that a significantly higher proportion of effector immune cells in old mice defends against tumor progression, providing insights into understanding the altered kinetics of cancer development and the differential response to immunotherapeutic modulation in elderly patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cangang Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Lei Lei
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China
| | - Kaili Ma
- Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Huiqiang Zheng
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanhong Su
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Anjun Jiao
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Yujing Zou
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lin Shi
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhou
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Chenming Sun
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuzhu Hou
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhengtao Xiao
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Lianjun Zhang
- Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China .,Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Baojun Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China .,Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, China.,Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an, China
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5
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NKG2D signaling certifies effector CD8 T cells for memory formation. J Immunother Cancer 2019; 7:48. [PMID: 30777125 PMCID: PMC6380053 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-019-0531-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of memory responses is an evolutionary function of the adaptive immune system. We propose that for the immune system to populate the memory compartment with the best-suited CD8 T cells it utilizes a process of certification or molecular accreditation mediated through Natural Killer Group 2D (NKG2D). This process of certification assures that the memory compartment is filled with CD8 T cells that have demonstrated their ability to kill their cognate targets through a two-step process that utilizes T cell receptor (TCR) and NKG2D signaling. METHODS One week after immunization with peptide-pulsed dendritic cells, NKG2D signaling was transiently blocked in vivo with a single injection of neutralizing antibodies. Under such conditions, we determined the importance of NKG2D signaling during the effector phase for memory formation without compromising NKG2D signaling at the memory phase. Both open (polyclonal) and closed (monoclonal) CD8 T cell repertoires were studied. RESULTS We show that signaling through NKG2D mediated this certification. Temporary blockade of NKG2D signaling during the effector phase resulted in the formation of highly defective memory CD8 T cells characterized by altered expression of the ribosomal protein S6 and epigenetic modifiers, suggesting modifications in the T cell translational machinery and epigenetic programming. Finally, these uncertified memory cells were not protective against a B16 tumor challenge. CONCLUSION Signaling through NKG2D during the effector phase (certification) favors the development of functional memory CD8 T cells, a previously undescribed role for NKG2D. Temporary blockade of NKG2D signaling during the effector phase results in the formation of highly defective memory CD8 T cells potentially by affecting the expression of the ribosomal protein S6 and epigenetic modifiers, suggesting alterations in T cell translational machinery and epigenetic programming.
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6
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Bai Y, Wang D, Li W, Huang Y, Ye X, Waite J, Barry T, Edelmann KH, Levenkova N, Guo C, Skokos D, Wei Y, Macdonald LE, Fury W. Evaluation of the capacities of mouse TCR profiling from short read RNA-seq data. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207020. [PMID: 30439982 PMCID: PMC6237323 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Profiling T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire via short read transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) has a unique advantage of probing simultaneously TCRs and the genome-wide RNA expression of other genes. However, compared to targeted amplicon approaches, the shorter read length is more prone to mapping error. In addition, only a small percentage of the genome-wide reads may cover the TCR loci and thus the repertoire could be significantly under-sampled. Although this approach has been applied in a few studies, the utility of transcriptome sequencing in probing TCR repertoires has not been evaluated extensively. Here we present a systematic assessment of RNA-Seq in TCR profiling. We evaluate the power of both Fluidigm C1 full-length single cell RNA-Seq and bulk RNA-Seq in characterizing the repertoires of different diversities under either naïve conditions or after immunogenic challenges. Standard read length and sequencing coverage were employed so that the evaluation was conducted in accord with the current RNA-Seq practices. Despite high sequencing depth in bulk RNA-Seq, we encountered difficulty quantifying TCRs with low transcript abundance (<1%). Nevertheless, top enriched TCRs with an abundance of 1–3% or higher can be faithfully detected and quantified. When top TCR sequences are of interest and transcriptome sequencing is available, it is worthwhile to conduct a TCR profiling using the RNA-Seq data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Bai
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: (YB); (WF)
| | - David Wang
- Department of Biological Statistics and Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Wentian Li
- Robert S. Boas Center for Genomics & Human Genetics, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York, United States of America
| | - Ying Huang
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, New York, United States of America
| | - Xuan Ye
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, New York, United States of America
| | - Janelle Waite
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, New York, United States of America
| | - Thomas Barry
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, New York, United States of America
| | - Kurt H. Edelmann
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, New York, United States of America
| | - Natasha Levenkova
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, New York, United States of America
| | - Chunguang Guo
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, New York, United States of America
| | - Dimitris Skokos
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, New York, United States of America
| | - Yi Wei
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, New York, United States of America
| | - Lynn E. Macdonald
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, New York, United States of America
| | - Wen Fury
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: (YB); (WF)
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7
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Lifelong CMV infection improves immune defense in old mice by broadening the mobilized TCR repertoire against third-party infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E6817-E6825. [PMID: 29967140 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1719451115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lifelong interactions between host and the ubiquitous and persistent cytomegalovirus (CMV) have been proposed to contribute to the age-related decline in immunity. Prior work from us and others found some support for that idea, yet evidence that this led to increased vulnerability to other infections was not obtained. Moreover, evidence has accumulated that CMV infection can be beneficial to immune defense in young/adult mice and humans, dominantly via enhanced innate immunity. Here, we describe an unexpected impact of murine CMV (MCMV) upon the T cell response of old mice to Listeria monocytogenes expressing the model antigen, OVA (Lm-OVA). Single-cell sequencing of the OVA-specific CD8 T cell receptor β (TCRβ) repertoire of old mice demonstrated that old MCMV-infected mice recruited many diverse clonotypes that afforded broad and often more efficient recognition of antigenic peptide variants. This stood in contrast to old control mice, which exhibited strong narrowing and homogenization of the elicited repertoire. High-throughput sequencing of the total naïve CD8 TCRβ repertoire showed that many of these diverse OVA-specific clonotypes were present in the naïve CD8 repertoire of mice in all groups (adult, old control, and old MCMV+) yet were only recruited into the Lm-OVA response in MCMV+ old mice. These results have profound implications for our understanding of T cell immunity over a life span and suggest that our coevolution with CMV may include surprising, potentially positive impacts on adaptive heterologous immunity in late life.
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8
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Song Y, Wang B, Song R, Hao Y, Wang D, Li Y, Jiang Y, Xu L, Ma Y, Zheng H, Kong Y, Zeng H. T-cell Immunoglobulin and ITIM Domain Contributes to CD8 + T-cell Immunosenescence. Aging Cell 2018; 17:e12716. [PMID: 29349889 PMCID: PMC5847879 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with immune dysfunction, especially T-cell defects, which result in increased susceptibility to various diseases. Previous studies showed that T cells from aged mice express multiple inhibitory receptors, providing evidence of the relationship between T-cell exhaustion and T-cell senescence. In this study, we showed that T-cell immunoglobulin and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM) domain (TIGIT), a novel co-inhibitory receptor, was upregulated in CD8+ T cells of elderly adults. Aged TIGIT+ CD8+ T cells expressed high levels of other inhibitory receptors including PD-1 and exhibited features of exhaustion such as downregulation of the key costimulatory receptor CD28, representative intrinsic transcriptional regulation, low production of cytokines, and high susceptibility to apoptosis. Importantly, their functional defects associated with aging were reversed by TIGIT knockdown. CD226 downregulation on aged TIGIT+ CD8+ T cells is likely involved in TIGIT-mediated negative immune suppression. Collectively, our findings indicated that TIGIT acts as a critical immune regulator during aging, providing a strong rationale for targeting TIGIT to improve dysfunction related to immune system aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangzi Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious DiseasesInstitute of Infectious DiseasesBeijing Ditan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Beibei Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious DiseasesInstitute of Infectious DiseasesBeijing Ditan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Rui Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious DiseasesThe National Clinical Key Department of Infectious DiseaseBeijing Ditan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yu Hao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious DiseasesInstitute of Infectious DiseasesBeijing Ditan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Di Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious DiseasesInstitute of Infectious DiseasesBeijing Ditan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yuxin Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious DiseasesInstitute of Infectious DiseasesBeijing Ditan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yu Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious DiseasesInstitute of Infectious DiseasesBeijing Ditan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Ling Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious DiseasesInstitute of Infectious DiseasesBeijing Ditan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yaluan Ma
- Lab for Molecular BiologyInstitute of Basic Theory on Chinese MedicineChina Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Hong Zheng
- Penn State Hershey Cancer InstitutePenn State University College of MedicineHersheyPAUSA
| | - Yaxian Kong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious DiseasesInstitute of Infectious DiseasesBeijing Ditan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Hui Zeng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious DiseasesInstitute of Infectious DiseasesBeijing Ditan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
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9
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Lee K, Shin K, Kim G, Song YC, Bae E, Kim I, Koh C, Kang C. Characterization of age-associated exhausted CD8⁺ T cells defined by increased expression of Tim-3 and PD-1. Aging Cell 2016; 15:291-300. [PMID: 26750587 PMCID: PMC4783346 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is accompanied by altered T‐cell responses that result in susceptibility to various diseases. Previous findings on the increased expression of inhibitory receptors, such as programmed cell death protein 1 (PD‐1), in the T cells of aged mice emphasize the importance of investigations into the relationship between T‐cell exhaustion and aging‐associated immune dysfunction. In this study, we demonstrate that T‐cell immunoglobulin mucin domain‐3 (Tim‐3), another exhaustion marker, is up‐regulated on aged T cells, especially CD8+ T cells. Tim‐3‐expressing cells also produced PD‐1, but Tim‐3+PD‐1+CD8+ T cells had a distinct phenotype that included the expression of CD44 and CD62L, from Tim‐3−PD‐1+ cells. Tim‐3+PD‐1+CD8+ T cells showed more evident properties associated with exhaustion than Tim‐3−PD‐1+CD8+ T cells: an exhaustion‐related marker expression profile, proliferative defects following homeostatic or TCR stimulation, and altered production of cytokines. Interestingly, these cells produced a high level of IL‐10 and induced normal CD8+ T cells to produce IL‐10, which might contribute to immune dysregulation in aged mice. The generation of Tim‐3‐expressing CD8+ T cells in aged mice seems to be mediated by encounters with antigens but not by specific infection, based on their high expression of CD49d and their unbiased TCR Vβ usage. In conclusion, we found that a CD8+ T‐cell population with age‐associated exhaustion was distinguishable by its expression of Tim‐3. These results provide clues for understanding the alterations that occur in T‐cell populations with age and for improving dysfunctions related to the aging of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoo‐A Lee
- Laboratory of Immunology Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Pharmacy Seoul National University 1 Gwanak‐ro, Gwanak‐gu Seoul 151‐742 Korea
| | - Kwang‐Soo Shin
- Laboratory of Immunology Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Pharmacy Seoul National University 1 Gwanak‐ro, Gwanak‐gu Seoul 151‐742 Korea
| | - Ga‐Young Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Science Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology Seoul National University 1 Gwanak‐ro, Gwanak‐gu Seoul 151‐742 Korea
| | - You Chan Song
- Laboratory of Immunology Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Pharmacy Seoul National University 1 Gwanak‐ro, Gwanak‐gu Seoul 151‐742 Korea
| | - Eun‐Ah Bae
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Science Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology Seoul National University 1 Gwanak‐ro, Gwanak‐gu Seoul 151‐742 Korea
| | - Il‐Kyu Kim
- Laboratory of Immunology Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Pharmacy Seoul National University 1 Gwanak‐ro, Gwanak‐gu Seoul 151‐742 Korea
| | - Choong‐Hyun Koh
- Laboratory of Immunology Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Pharmacy Seoul National University 1 Gwanak‐ro, Gwanak‐gu Seoul 151‐742 Korea
| | - Chang‐Yuil Kang
- Laboratory of Immunology Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Pharmacy Seoul National University 1 Gwanak‐ro, Gwanak‐gu Seoul 151‐742 Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Science Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology Seoul National University 1 Gwanak‐ro, Gwanak‐gu Seoul 151‐742 Korea
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Nikolich-Žugich J. Aging of the T cell compartment in mice and humans: from no naive expectations to foggy memories. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2014; 193:2622-9. [PMID: 25193936 PMCID: PMC4157314 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Until the mid-20th century, infectious diseases were the major cause of morbidity and mortality in humans. Massive vaccination campaigns, antibiotics, antivirals, and advanced public health measures drastically reduced sickness and death from infections in children and younger adults. However, older adults (>65 y of age) remain vulnerable to infections, and infectious diseases remain among the top 5-10 causes of death in this population. The aging of the immune system, often referred to as immune senescence, is the key phenomenon underlying this vulnerability. This review centers on age-related changes in T cells, which are dramatically and reproducibly altered with aging. I discuss changes in T cell production, maintenance, function, and response to latent persistent infection, particularly against CMV, which exerts a profound influence on the aging T cell pool, concluding with a brief list of measures to improve immune function in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janko Nikolich-Žugich
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85724; and Arizona Center on Aging, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85724
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Goldberg EL, Smithey MJ, Lutes LK, Uhrlaub JL, Nikolich-Žugich J. Immune memory-boosting dose of rapamycin impairs macrophage vesicle acidification and curtails glycolysis in effector CD8 cells, impairing defense against acute infections. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:757-63. [PMID: 24913978 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Direct mammalian target of rapamycin (Rapa) complex 1 inhibition by short-term low-dose Rapa treatment has recently been shown to improve CD8 T cell immunological memory. Whereas these studies focused on memory development, the impact of low-dose Rapa on the primary immune response, particularly as it relates to functional effector immunity, is far less clear. In this study, we investigated the impact of acute Rapa treatment on immune effector cell function during the primary immune response to several acute infections. We found that functional CD8 T cell and macrophage responses to both viral and intracellular bacterial pathogens were depressed in mice in vivo and in humans to phorbol ester and calcium ionophore stimulation in vitro in the face of low-dose Rapa treatment. Mechanistically, the CD8 defect was linked to impaired glycolytic switch in stimulated naive cells and the reduced formation of short-lived effector cells. Therefore, more than one cell type required for a protective effector immune response is impaired by Rapa in both mice and humans, at the dose shown to improve immune memory and extend lifespan. This urges caution with regard to the relative therapeutic costs and benefits of Rapa treatment as means to improve immune memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily L Goldberg
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85724; Arizona Center on Aging, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85724; Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721; and
| | - Megan J Smithey
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85724; Arizona Center on Aging, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85724
| | - Lydia K Lutes
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85724; Arizona Center on Aging, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85724; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721
| | - Jennifer L Uhrlaub
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85724; Arizona Center on Aging, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85724
| | - Janko Nikolich-Žugich
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85724; Arizona Center on Aging, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85724; Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721; and
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Kedzierska K, Valkenburg SA, Doherty PC, Davenport MP, Venturi V. Use it or lose it: establishment and persistence of T cell memory. Front Immunol 2012; 3:357. [PMID: 23230439 PMCID: PMC3515894 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2012.00357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pre-existing T cell memory provides substantial protection against viral, bacterial, and parasitic infections. The generation of protective T cell memory constitutes a primary goal for cell-mediated vaccines, thus understanding the mechanistic basis of memory development and maintenance are of major importance. The widely accepted idea that T cell memory pools are directly descended from the effector populations has been challenged by recent reports that provide evidence for the early establishment of T cell memory and suggest that the putative memory precursor T cells do not undergo full expansion to effector status. Moreover, it appears that once the memory T cells are established early in life, they can persist for the lifetime of an individual. This is in contrast to the reported waning of naïve T cell immunity with age. Thus, in the elderly, immune memory that was induced at an early age may be more robust than recently induced memory, despite the necessity for long persistence. The present review discusses the mechanisms underlying the early establishment of immunological memory and the subsequent persistence of memory T cell pools in animal models and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Kedzierska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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