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Bogart JP. A family study to examine clonal diversity in unisexual salamanders (genus Ambystoma). Genome 2019; 62:549-561. [DOI: 10.1139/gen-2019-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Unisexual Ambystoma are the oldest known unisexual vertebrates and comprise a lineage of eastern North American all female salamanders that reproduce by stealing sperm from as many as five normally bisexual congeneric species. The sperm may be used to only stimulate egg development by gynogenesis but can be incorporated in the zygote to elevate the ploidy level or to replace one of the female’s haploid genomes. This flexible and unique reproductive system, termed kleptogenesis, is investigated using a microsatellite examination of 988 offspring from 14 unisexual mothers. All mothers produced clonal and ploidy-elevated offspring. Genome replacement and multiple paternity are confirmed for the first time in unisexual Ambystoma. Microsatellite mutations were found in all five microsatellite loci and the estimated microsatellite mutation rate varied by locus and by genome. Clonal variation is attributed to the inclusion of sperm donors’ haploid genomes for ploidy elevation, genome replacement, mutations, and natural selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P. Bogart
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
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2
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Leung C, Angers B. Imitating the cost of males: A hypothesis for coexistence of all-female sperm-dependent species and their sexual host. Ecol Evol 2017; 8:266-272. [PMID: 29321869 PMCID: PMC5756870 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
All-female sperm-dependent species are particular asexual organisms that must coexist with a closely related sexual host for reproduction. However, demographic advantages of asexual over sexual species that have to produce male individuals could lead both to extinction. The unresolved question of their coexistence still challenges and fascinates evolutionary biologists. As an alternative hypothesis, we propose those asexual organisms are afflicted by a demographic cost analogous to the production of males to prevent exclusion of the host. Previously proposed hypotheses stated that asexual individuals relied on a lower fecundity than sexual females to cope with demographic advantage. In contrast, we propose that both sexual and asexual species display the same number of offspring, but half of asexual individuals imitate the cost of sex by occupying ecological niches but producing no offspring. Simulations of population growth in closed systems under different demographic scenarios revealed that only the presence of nonreproductive individuals in asexual females can result in long-term coexistence. This hypothesis is supported by the fact that half of the females in some sperm-dependent organisms did not reproduce clonally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Leung
- Department of Biological Sciences Université de Montréal Montreal QC Canada
| | - Bernard Angers
- Department of Biological Sciences Université de Montréal Montreal QC Canada
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Matos IMN, Coelho MM, Schartl M. Gene copy silencing and DNA methylation in natural and artificially produced allopolyploid fish. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 219:3072-3081. [PMID: 27445349 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.140418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Allelic silencing is an important mechanism for coping with gene dosage changes in polyploid organisms that is well known in allopolyploid plants. Only recently, it was shown in the allotriploid fish Squalius alburnoides that this process also occurs in vertebrates. However, it is still unknown whether this silencing mechanism is common to other allopolyploid fish, and which mechanisms might be responsible for allelic silencing. We addressed these questions in a comparative study between Squalius alburnoides and another allopolyploid complex, the Amazon molly (Poecilia formosa). We examined the allelic expression patterns for three target genes in four somatic tissues of natural allo-anorthoploids and laboratory-produced tri-genomic hybrids of S. alburnoides and P. formosa. Also, for both complexes, we evaluated the correlation between total DNA methylation level and the ploidy status and genomic composition of the individuals. We found that allelic silencing also occurs in other allopolyploid organisms besides the single one that was previously known. We found and discuss disparities within and between the two considered complexes concerning the pattern of allele-specific expression and DNA methylation levels. Disparities might be due to intrinsic characteristics of each genome involved in the hybridization process. Our findings also support the idea that long-term evolutionary processes have an effect on the allele expression patterns and possibly also on DNA methylation levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isa M N Matos
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa 1749-016, Portugal Department of Physiological Chemistry, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg 97078, Germany
| | - Maria M Coelho
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa 1749-016, Portugal
| | - Manfred Schartl
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg 97078, Germany Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University Clinic Würzburg, Würzburg 97078, Germany Texas Institute for Advanced Study and Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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4
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Hidalgo-Galiana A, Sánchez-Fernández D, Bilton DT, Cieslak A, Ribera I. Thermal niche evolution and geographical range expansion in a species complex of western Mediterranean diving beetles. BMC Evol Biol 2014; 14:187. [PMID: 25205299 PMCID: PMC4180321 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-014-0187-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Species thermal requirements are one of the principal determinants of their ecology and biogeography, although our understanding of the interplay between these factors is limited by the paucity of integrative empirical studies. Here we use empirically collected thermal tolerance data in combination with molecular phylogenetics/phylogeography and ecological niche modelling to study the evolution of a clade of three western Mediterranean diving beetles, the Agabus brunneus complex. RESULTS The preferred mitochondrial DNA topology recovered A. ramblae (North Africa, east Iberia and Balearic islands) as paraphyletic, with A. brunneus (widespread in the southwestern Mediterranean) and A. rufulus (Corsica and Sardinia) nested within it, with an estimated origin between 0.60-0.25 Ma. All three species were, however, recovered as monophyletic using nuclear DNA markers. A Bayesian skyline plot suggested demographic expansion in the clade at the onset of the last glacial cycle. The species thermal tolerances differ significantly, with A. brunneus able to tolerate lower temperatures than the other taxa. The climatic niche of the three species also differs, with A. ramblae occupying more arid and seasonal areas, with a higher minimum temperature in the coldest month. The estimated potential distribution for both A. brunneus and A. ramblae was most restricted in the last interglacial, becoming increasingly wider through the last glacial and the Holocene. CONCLUSIONS The A. brunneus complex diversified in the late Pleistocene, most likely in south Iberia after colonization from Morocco. Insular forms did not differentiate substantially in morphology or ecology, but A. brunneus evolved a wider tolerance to cold, which appeared to have facilitated its geographic expansion. Both A. brunneus and A. ramblae expanded their ranges during the last glacial, although they have not occupied areas beyond their LGM potential distribution except for isolated populations of A. brunneus in France and England. On the islands and possibly Tunisia secondary contact between A. brunneus and A. ramblae or A. rufulus has resulted in introgression. Our work highlights the complex dynamics of speciation and range expansions within southern areas during the last glacial cycle, and points to the often neglected role of North Africa as a source of European biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amparo Hidalgo-Galiana
- />Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Passeig Maritim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Sánchez-Fernández
- />Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Passeig Maritim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - David T Bilton
- />Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, Plymouth University, Drake Circus, PL4 8AA Plymouth, UK
| | - Alexandra Cieslak
- />Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Passeig Maritim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Ribera
- />Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Passeig Maritim de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
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Kimura-Kawaguchi MR, Horita M, Abe S, Arai K, Kawata M, Munehara H. Identification of hemiclonal reproduction in three species of Hexagrammos marine reef fishes. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2014; 85:189-209. [PMID: 24903212 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Natural hybrids between the boreal species Hexagrammos octogrammus and two temperate species Hexagrammos agrammus and Hexagrammos otakii were observed frequently in southern Hokkaido, Japan. Previous studies revealed that H. octogrammus is a maternal ancestor of both hybrids; the hybrids are all fertile females and they frequently breed with paternal species. Although such rampant hybridization occurs, species boundaries have been maintained in the hybrid zone. Possible explanations for the absence of introgressions, despite the frequent backcrossing, might include clonal reproduction: parthenogenesis, gynogenesis and hybridogenesis. The natural hybrids produced haploid eggs that contained only the H. octogrammus genome (maternal ancestor) with discarded paternal genome and generated F1 -hybrid type offspring by fertilization with the haploid sperm of H. agrammus or H. otakii (paternal ancestor). This reproductive mode was found in an artificial backcross hybrid between the natural hybrid and a male of the paternal ancestor. These findings indicate that the natural hybrids adopt hybridogenesis with high possibility and produce successive generations through hybridogenesis by backcrossing with the paternal ancestor. These hybrids of Hexagrammos represent the first hybridogenetic system found from marine fishes that widely inhabit the North Pacific Ocean. In contrast with other hybridogenetic systems, these Hexagrammos hybrids coexist with all three ancestral species in the hybrid zone. The coexistence mechanism is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Kimura-Kawaguchi
- Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, 152 Usujiri, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-1613, Japan; Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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Choleva L, Janko K. Rise and Persistence of Animal Polyploidy: Evolutionary Constraints and Potential. Cytogenet Genome Res 2013; 140:151-70. [DOI: 10.1159/000353464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Jakovlić I, Gui JF. Recent invasion and low level of divergence between diploid and triploid forms of Carassius auratus complex in Croatia. Genetica 2011; 139:789-804. [PMID: 21644055 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-011-9584-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2010] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Carassius auratus is an invasive species in European waters, comprising a complex of diploid and polyploid forms with different modes of reproduction. However, the evolutionary history and relationships between the diploids and polyploids are still unresolved. In this study, 51.5% diploids and 48.5% triploids, including four triploid males, were discovered among the 363 individuals sampled in Croatia. We used eight microsatellite loci and mitochondrial displacement loop sequences to analyze the structure and origin of populations; and to attempt to infer the evolutionary history of the two different forms in Croatia. Microsatellite analyses revealed high allelic and clonal diversity, corroborating that high propagule vectors can compensate for the negative effects of genetic bottlenecks in successful invasive species. The absence of significant population structuring confirmed recent origin and rapid spreading of populations. No evidence was found for the existence of native European populations. Distances between individuals using both nuclear and mtDNA markers revealed the absence of substantial clustering on the ploidy level, while the split between the different ploidies on population level was only partial, suggesting that the reproductive isolation between the two forms is either of a very recent origin, or that there exists uni-, or bidirectional gene flow between the diploid and triploid forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Jakovlić
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 430072 Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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STÖCK MATTHIAS, LAMPERT KATHRINP, MÖLLER DIRK, SCHLUPP INGO, SCHARTL MANFRED. Monophyletic origin of multiple clonal lineages in an asexual fish (Poecilia formosa). Mol Ecol 2010; 19:5204-15. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2010.04869.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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9
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Liasko R, Liousia V, Vrazeli P, Papiggioti O, Chortatou R, Abatzopoulos TJ, Leonardos ID. Biological traits of rare males in the population of Carassius gibelio (Actinopterygii: Cyprinidae) from Lake Pamvotis (north-west Greece). JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2010; 77:570-584. [PMID: 20701641 DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2010.02699.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The gynogenetic population of Prussian carp Carassius gibelio in Lake Pamvotis (north-west Greece) included a small percentage of males (2-3%). Cytogenetic analysis revealed heterogeneity of the population at the ploidy level: all females were triploid (modal chromosome number 156-162 chromosomes) while the males were either triploid (modal number 156-158 chromosomes) or tetraploid (modal number 200-214 chromosomes). Morphometric analysis revealed significant differences in body shape among these three groups. The males were more slender than females, while the triploid males could be discriminated from the tetraploid by the morphology of their caudal peduncle. The males attained a significantly lower asymptotic standard length (L(S)) (25.04 cm) than females (29.75 cm) and had lower exponent b of the L(S) and mass relationship. Under laboratory conditions, intraspecific crossings of C. gibelio males with females could give viable all-female offspring; in comparison with goldfish Carassius auratus males, the fertility of the C. gibelio males was generally reduced but remained highly variable among individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Liasko
- Laboratory of Zoology, Department of Biological Applications and Technologies, University of Ioannina, 45 110, Ioannina, Greece
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10
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Sex in unisexual salamanders: discovery of a new sperm donor with ancient affinities. Heredity (Edinb) 2009; 103:483-93. [DOI: 10.1038/hdy.2009.83] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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LAMPERT KP, FISCHER P, SCHARTL M. Major histocompatibility complex variability in the clonal Amazon molly,Poecilia formosa: is copy number less important than genotype? Mol Ecol 2009; 18:1124-36. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2009.04097.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Differential susceptibility to food stress in neonates of sexual and asexual mollies (Poecilia, Poeciliidae). Evol Ecol 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-008-9288-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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13
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Lampert KP, Schartl M. The origin and evolution of a unisexual hybrid: Poecilia formosa. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2008; 363:2901-9. [PMID: 18508756 PMCID: PMC2606734 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2008.0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Clonal reproduction in vertebrates can always be traced back to hybridization events as all known unisexual vertebrates are hybrids between recognized species or genetically defined races. Interestingly, clonal vertebrates often also rely on interspecific matings for their reproduction because gynogenesis (sperm-dependent parthenogenesis) and hybridogenesis are common modes of propagation. While in most cases these hybridization events leave no hereditary traces in the offspring, occasionally the genome exclusion mechanism fails and either small parts of male genetic material remain inside the oocyte in the form of microchromosomes, or fusion of the sperm nucleus with the oocyte nucleus leads to polyploid individuals. In this review, we highlight the important role of hybridization for the origin and evolution of a unisexual hybrid: the Amazon molly, Poecilia formosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- K P Lampert
- Department of Physiological Chemistry I, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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Diploid Amazon mollies (Poecilia formosa) show a higher fitness than triploids in clonal competition experiments. Evol Ecol 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-008-9264-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Loewe L, Lamatsch DK. Quantifying the threat of extinction from Muller's ratchet in the diploid Amazon molly (Poecilia formosa). BMC Evol Biol 2008; 8:88. [PMID: 18366680 PMCID: PMC2292145 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-8-88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2007] [Accepted: 03/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Amazon molly (Poecilia formosa) is a small unisexual fish that has been suspected of being threatened by extinction from the stochastic accumulation of slightly deleterious mutations that is caused by Muller's ratchet in non-recombining populations. However, no detailed quantification of the extent of this threat is available. RESULTS Here we quantify genomic decay in this fish by using a simple model of Muller's ratchet with the most realistic parameter combinations available employing the evolution@home global computing system. We also describe simple extensions of the standard model of Muller's ratchet that allow us to deal with selfing diploids, triploids and mitotic recombination. We show that Muller's ratchet creates a threat of extinction for the Amazon molly for many biologically realistic parameter combinations. In most cases, extinction is expected to occur within a time frame that is less than previous estimates of the age of the species, leading to a genomic decay paradox. CONCLUSION How then does the Amazon molly survive? Several biological processes could individually or in combination solve this genomic decay paradox, including paternal leakage of undamaged DNA from sexual sister species, compensatory mutations and many others. More research is needed to quantify the contribution of these potential solutions towards the survival of the Amazon molly and other (ancient) asexual species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Loewe
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Ashworth Laboratories, King's Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3JT, UK
- Centre for Systems Biology Edinburgh, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Darwin Building, King's Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3JU, UK
| | - Dunja K Lamatsch
- Universität Würzburg, Institute of Physiological Chemistry I, Biocenter, Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Freshwater Biology, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Vautierstraat 29, B – 1000 Brussels, Belgium
- University of Sheffield, Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, Alfred Denny Building, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
- Austrian Academy of Sciences, Institute for Limnology, Mondseestrasse 9, 5310 Mondsee, Austria
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Lampert KP, Lamatsch DK, Fischer P, Epplen JT, Nanda I, Schmid M, Schartl M. Automictic Reproduction in Interspecific Hybrids of Poeciliid Fish. Curr Biol 2007; 17:1948-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2007.09.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2007] [Revised: 09/26/2007] [Accepted: 09/27/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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