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Balasubramanian P, De Leon RP, Snyder DB, Beardsley SA, Hyngstrom AS, Schmit BD. Altered Cortical Activity during a Finger Tap in People with Stroke. Brain Topogr 2024; 37:907-920. [PMID: 38722465 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-024-01049-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024]
Abstract
This study describes electroencephalography (EEG) measurements during a simple finger movement in people with stroke to understand how temporal patterns of cortical activation and network connectivity align with prolonged muscle contraction at the end of a task. We investigated changes in the EEG temporal patterns in the beta band (13-26 Hz) of people with chronic stroke (N = 10, 7 F/3 M) and controls (N = 10, 7 F/3 M), during and after a cued movement of the index finger. We quantified the change in beta band EEG power relative to baseline as activation at each electrode and the change in task-based phase-locking value (tbPLV) and beta band task-based coherence (tbCoh) relative to baseline coherence as connectivity between EEG electrodes. Finger movements were associated with a decrease in beta power (event related desynchronization (ERD)) followed by an increase in beta power (event related resynchronization (ERS)). The ERS in the post task period was lower in the stroke group (7%), compared to controls (44%) (p < 0.001) and the transition from ERD to ERS was delayed in the stroke group (1.43 s) compared to controls (0.90 s) in the C3 electrode (p = 0.007). In the same post movement period, the stroke group maintained a heightened tbPLV (p = 0.030 for time to baseline of the C3:Fz electrode pair) and did not show the decrease in connectivity in electrode pair C3:Fz that was observed in controls (tbPLV: p = 0.006; tbCoh: p = 0.023). Our results suggest that delays in cortical deactivation patterns following movement coupled with changes in the time course of connectivity between the sensorimotor and frontal cortices in the stroke group might explain clinical observations of prolonged muscle activation in people with stroke. This prolonged activation might be attributed to the combination of cortical reorganization and changes to sensory feedback post-stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Balasubramanian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University, P.O. Box 1881, Milwaukee, WI, 53201, USA
| | - Roxanne P De Leon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University, P.O. Box 1881, Milwaukee, WI, 53201, USA
| | - Dylan B Snyder
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University, P.O. Box 1881, Milwaukee, WI, 53201, USA
| | - Scott A Beardsley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University, P.O. Box 1881, Milwaukee, WI, 53201, USA
| | - Allison S Hyngstrom
- Department of Physical Therapy, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, 53201, USA
| | - Brian D Schmit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University, P.O. Box 1881, Milwaukee, WI, 53201, USA.
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Chen Z, Yan T, Wu J, Liu Y, Zhang C, Cui T. Sensorimotor rhythm and muscle activity in patients with stroke using mobile serious games to assist upper extremity rehabilitation. FRONTIERS IN REHABILITATION SCIENCES 2023; 4:1234216. [PMID: 38046523 PMCID: PMC10690953 DOI: 10.3389/fresc.2023.1234216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Exercise rehabilitation is crucial for neurological recovery in hemiplegia-induced upper limb dysfunction. Technology-assisted cortical activation in sensorimotor areas has shown potential for restoring motor function. This study assessed the feasibility of mobile serious games for stroke patients' motor rehabilitation. Methods A dedicated mobile application targeted shoulder, elbow, and wrist training. Twelve stroke survivors attempted a motor task under two conditions: serious mobile game-assisted and conventional rehabilitation. Electroencephalography and electromyography measured the therapy effects. Results Patients undergoing game-assisted rehabilitation showed stronger event-related desynchronization (ERD) in the contralateral hemisphere's motor perception areas compared to conventional rehabilitation (p < 0.05). RMS was notably higher in game-assisted rehabilitation, particularly in shoulder training (p < 0.05). Discussion Serious mobile game rehabilitation activated the motor cortex without directly improving muscle activity. This suggests its potential in neurological recovery for stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihe Chen
- School of Art, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingmin Yan
- School of Art, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinchun Wu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yixuan Liu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunyun Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tianjian Cui
- School of Art, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Siviero I, Menegaz G, Storti SF. Functional Connectivity and Feature Fusion Enhance Multiclass Motor-Imagery Brain-Computer Interface Performance. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:7520. [PMID: 37687976 PMCID: PMC10490741 DOI: 10.3390/s23177520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: in the field of motor-imagery brain-computer interfaces (MI-BCIs), obtaining discriminative features among multiple MI tasks poses a significant challenge. Typically, features are extracted from single electroencephalography (EEG) channels, neglecting their interconnections, which leads to limited results. To address this limitation, there has been growing interest in leveraging functional brain connectivity (FC) as a feature in MI-BCIs. However, the high inter- and intra-subject variability has so far limited its effectiveness in this domain. (2) Methods: we propose a novel signal processing framework that addresses this challenge. We extracted translation-invariant features (TIFs) obtained from a scattering convolution network (SCN) and brain connectivity features (BCFs). Through a feature fusion approach, we combined features extracted from selected channels and functional connectivity features, capitalizing on the strength of each component. Moreover, we employed a multiclass support vector machine (SVM) model to classify the extracted features. (3) Results: using a public dataset (IIa of the BCI Competition IV), we demonstrated that the feature fusion approach outperformed existing state-of-the-art methods. Notably, we found that the best results were achieved by merging TIFs with BCFs, rather than considering TIFs alone. (4) Conclusions: our proposed framework could be the key for improving the performance of a multiclass MI-BCI system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Siviero
- Department of Computer Science, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Gloria Menegaz
- Department of Engineering for Innovation Medicine, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy;
| | - Silvia Francesca Storti
- Department of Engineering for Innovation Medicine, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy;
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Kumari R, Gibson H, Jarjees M, Turner C, Purcell M, Vučković A. The predictive value of cortical activity during motor imagery for subacute spinal cord injury-induced neuropathic pain. Clin Neurophysiol 2023; 148:32-43. [PMID: 36796284 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2023.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to explore whether cortical activation and its lateralization during motor imagery (MI) in subacute spinal cord injury (SCI) are indicative of existing or upcoming central neuropathic pain (CNP). METHODS Multichannel electroencephalogram was recorded during MI of both hands in four groups of participants: able-bodied (N = 10), SCI and CNP (N = 11), SCI who developed CNP within 6 months of EEG recording (N = 10), and SCI who remained CNP-free (N = 10). Source activations and its lateralization were derived in four frequency bands in 20 regions spanning sensorimotor cortex and pain matrix. RESULTS Statistically significant differences in lateralization were found in the theta band in premotor cortex (upcoming vs existing CNP, p = 0.036), in the alpha band at the insula (healthy vs upcoming CNP, p = 0.012), and in the higher beta band at the somatosensory association cortex (no CNP vs upcoming CNP, p = 0.042). People with upcoming CNP had stronger activation compared to those with no CNP in the higher beta band for MI of both hands. CONCLUSIONS Activation intensity and lateralization during MI in pain-related areas might hold a predictive value for CNP. SIGNIFICANCE The study increases understanding of the mechanisms underlying transition from asymptomatic to symptomatic early CNP in SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radha Kumari
- Biomedical Engineering Research Division, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Hannah Gibson
- Biomedical Engineering Research Division, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Mohammed Jarjees
- Biomedical Engineering Research Division, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK; Medical Instrumentation Techniques Engineering Department, Northern Technical University, Mosul 41002, Iraq
| | - Christopher Turner
- Biomedical Engineering Research Division, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Mariel Purcell
- Queen Elizabeth National Spinal Injuries Unit, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow G51 4TF, UK
| | - Aleksandra Vučković
- Biomedical Engineering Research Division, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
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Li H, Fu X, Lu L, Guo H, Yang W, Guo K, Huang Z. Upper limb intelligent feedback robot training significantly activates the cerebral cortex and promotes the functional connectivity of the cerebral cortex in patients with stroke: A functional near-infrared spectroscopy study. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1042254. [PMID: 36814999 PMCID: PMC9939650 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1042254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Upper limb intelligence robots are widely used to improve the upper limb function of patients with stroke, but the treatment mechanism is still not clear. In this study, functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was used to evaluate the concentration changes of oxygenated hemoglobin (oxy-Hb) and deoxyhemoglobin (deoxy-Hb) in different brain regions and functional connectivity (FC) of the cerebral cortex in patients with stroke. Method Twenty post-stroke patients with upper limb dysfunction were included in the study. They all received three different types of shoulder joint training, namely, active intelligent feedback robot training (ACT), upper limb suspension training (SUS), and passive intelligent feedback robot training (PAS). During the training, activation of the cerebral cortex was detected by fNIRS to obtain the concentration changes of hemoglobin and FC of the cerebral cortex. The fNIRS signals were recorded over eight ROIs: bilateral prefrontal cortices (PFC), bilateral primary motor cortices (M1), bilateral primary somatosensory cortices (S1), and bilateral premotor and supplementary motor cortices (PM). For easy comparison, we defined the right hemisphere as the ipsilesional hemisphere and flipped the lesional right hemisphere in the Nirspark. Result Compared with the other two groups, stronger cerebral cortex activation was observed during ACT. One-way repeated measures ANOVA revealed significant differences in mean oxy-Hb changes among conditions in the four ROIs: contralesional PFC [F(2, 48) = 6,798, p < 0.01], ipsilesional M1 [F(2, 48) = 6.733, p < 0.01], ipsilesional S1 [F(2, 48) = 4,392, p < 0.05], and ipsilesional PM [F(2, 48) = 3.658, p < 0.05]. Oxy-Hb responses in the contralesional PFC region were stronger during ACT than during SUS (p < 0.01) and PAS (p < 0.05). Cortical activation in the ipsilesional M1 was significantly greater during ACT than during SUS (p < 0.01) and PAS (p < 0.05). Oxy-Hb responses in the ipsilesional S1 (p < 0.05) and ipsilesional PM (p < 0.05) were significantly higher during ACT than during PAS, and there is no significant difference in mean deoxy-Hb changes among conditions. Compared with SUS, the FC increased during ACT, which was characterized by the enhanced function of the ipsilesional cortex (p < 0.05), and there was no significant difference in FC between the ACT and PAS. Conclusion The study found that cortical activation during ACT was higher in the contralesional PFC, and ipsilesional M1 than during SUS, and showed tighter cortical FC between the cortices. The activation of the cerebral cortex of ACT was significantly higher than that of PAS, but there was no significant difference in FC. Our research helps to understand the difference in cerebral cortex activation between upper limb intelligent feedback robot rehabilitation and other rehabilitation training and provides an objective basis for the further application of upper limb intelligent feedback robots in the field of stroke rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China,Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuefeng Fu
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijun Lu
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hua Guo
- Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China,Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen Yang
- Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaifeng Guo
- Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Huang
- Guangzhou Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Zhen Huang ✉
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Sun J, Wang H, Jiang J. Euler common spatial pattern modulated with cross-frequency coupling. Knowl Inf Syst 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10115-022-01750-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Chen P, Wang H, Yan H, Du J, Ning Y, Wei J. sEMG-based upper limb motion recognition using improved sparrow search algorithm. APPL INTELL 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10489-022-03824-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Event-Related Potentials Analysis of the Effects of Discontinuous Short-Term Fine Motor Imagery on Motor Execution. Motor Control 2022; 26:445-464. [PMID: 35472759 DOI: 10.1123/mc.2021-0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this study, event-related potentials and neurobehavioral measurements were used to investigate the effects of discontinuous short-term fine motor imagery (MI), a paradigm of finger sequential MI training interspersed with no-MI that occurs within 1 hr, on fine finger motor execution. The event-related potentials revealed that there were significant differences in the P300 between the fine MI training and the no-MI training. There were also significant changes in the P200 between fine motor execution of familiar tasks after MI training and fine motor execution of unfamiliar tasks without MI training. Neurobehavioral data revealed that the fine MI enhanced fine motor execution. These findings may suggest that discontinuous short-term fine MI could be useful in improving fine motor skills.
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Pérez-de la Cruz S. Use of Robotic Devices for Gait Training in Patients Diagnosed with Multiple Sclerosis: Current State of the Art. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22072580. [PMID: 35408195 PMCID: PMC9002809 DOI: 10.3390/s22072580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative disease that produces alterations in balance and gait in most patients. Robot-assisted gait training devices have been proposed as a complementary approach to conventional rehabilitation treatment as a means of improving these alterations. The aim of this study was to investigate the available scientific evidence on the benefits of the use of robotics in the physiotherapy treatment in people with MS. A systematic review of randomized controlled trials was performed. Studies from the last five years on walking in adults with MS were included. The PEDro scale was used to assess the methodological quality of the included studies, and the Jadad scale was used to assess the level of evidence and the degree of recommendation. Seventeen studies met the eligibility criteria. For the improvement of gait speed, robotic devices do not appear to be superior, compared to the rest of the interventions evaluated. The methodological quality of the studies was moderate–low. For this reason, robot-assisted gait training is considered just as effective as conventional rehabilitation training for improving gait in people with MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagrario Pérez-de la Cruz
- Department of Nursing, Physical Therapy and Medicine, University of Almería, Carretera de Sacramento s/n, La Cañada de San Urbano, 04120 Almería, Spain
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Kumari R, Janković M, Costa A, Savić A, Konstantinović L, Djordjević O, Vucković A. Short term priming effect of brain-actuated muscle stimulation using bimanual movements in stroke. Clin Neurophysiol 2022; 138:108-121. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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EEG as a marker of brain plasticity in clinical applications. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2022; 184:91-104. [PMID: 35034760 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819410-2.00029-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Neural networks are dynamic, and the brain has the capacity to reorganize itself. This capacity is named neuroplasticity and is fundamental for many processes ranging from learning and adaptation to new environments to the response to brain injuries. Measures of brain plasticity involve several techniques, including neuroimaging and neurophysiology. Electroencephalography, often used together with other techniques, is a common tool for prognostic and diagnostic purposes, and cortical reorganization is reflected by EEG measurements. Changes of power bands in different cortical areas occur with fatigue and in response to training stimuli leading to learning processes. Sleep has a fundamental role in brain plasticity, restoring EEG bands alterations and promoting consolidation of learning. Exercise and physical inactivity have been extensively studied as both strongly impact brain plasticity. Indeed, EEG studies showed the importance of the physical activity to promote learning and the effects of inactivity or microgravity on cortical reorganization to cope with absent or altered sensorimotor stimuli. Finally, this chapter will describe some of the EEG changes as markers of neural plasticity in neurologic conditions, focusing on cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. In conclusion, neuroplasticity is the fundamental mechanism necessary to ensure adaptation to new stimuli and situations, as part of the dynamicity of life.
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Nakayashiki K, Tojiki H, Hayashi Y, Yano S, Kondo T. Brain Processes Involved in Motor Planning Are a Dominant Factor for Inducing Event-Related Desynchronization. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:764281. [PMID: 34858156 PMCID: PMC8631820 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.764281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Event-related desynchronization (ERD) is a relative attenuation in the spectral power of an electroencephalogram (EEG) observed over the sensorimotor area during motor execution and motor imagery. It is a well-known EEG feature and is commonly employed in brain-computer interfaces. However, its underlying neural mechanisms are not fully understood, as ERD is a single variable correlated with external events involving numerous pathways, such as motor intention, planning, and execution. In this study, we aimed to identify a dominant factor for inducing ERD. Participants were instructed to grasp their right hand with three different (10, 25, or 40%MVF: maximum voluntary force) levels under two distinct experimental conditions: a closed-loop condition involving real-time visual force feedback (VF) or an open-loop condition in a feedforward (FF) manner. In each condition, participants were instructed to repeat the grasping task a certain number of times with a timeline of Rest (10.0 s), Preparation (1.0 s), and Motor Execution (4.0 s) periods, respectively. EEG signals were recorded simultaneously with the motor task to evaluate the time-course of the event-related spectrum perturbation for each condition and dissect the modulation of EEG power. We performed statistical analysis of mu and beta-ERD under the instructed grasping force levels and the feedback conditions. In the FF condition (i.e., no force feedback), mu and beta-ERD were significantly attenuated in the contralateral motor cortex during the middle of the motor execution period, while ERD in the VF condition was maintained even during keep grasping. Only mu-ERD at the somatosensory cortex tended to be slightly stronger in high load conditions. The results suggest that the extent of ERD reflects neural activity involved in the motor planning process for changing virtual equilibrium point rather than the motor control process for recruiting motor neurons to regulate grasping force.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosei Nakayashiki
- Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hajime Tojiki
- Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshikatsu Hayashi
- Biomedical Science and Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Shiro Yano
- Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kondo
- Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
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Connectivity modulations induced by reach&grasp movements: a multidimensional approach. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23097. [PMID: 34845265 PMCID: PMC8630117 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02458-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Reach&grasp requires highly coordinated activation of different brain areas. We investigated whether reach&grasp kinematics is associated to EEG-based networks changes. We enrolled 10 healthy subjects. We analyzed the reach&grasp kinematics of 15 reach&grasp movements performed with each upper limb. Simultaneously, we obtained a 64-channel EEG, synchronized with the reach&grasp movement time points. We elaborated EEG signals with EEGLAB 12 in order to obtain event related synchronization/desynchronization (ERS/ERD) and lagged linear coherence between Brodmann areas. Finally, we evaluated network topology via sLORETA software, measuring network local and global efficiency (clustering and path length) and the overall balance (small-worldness). We observed a widespread ERD in α and β bands during reach&grasp, especially in the centro-parietal regions of the hemisphere contralateral to the movement. Regarding functional connectivity, we observed an α lagged linear coherence reduction among Brodmann areas contralateral to the arm involved in the reach&grasp movement. Interestingly, left arm movement determined widespread changes of α lagged linear coherence, specifically among right occipital regions, insular cortex and somatosensory cortex, while the right arm movement exerted a restricted contralateral sensory-motor cortex modulation. Finally, no change between rest and movement was found for clustering, path length and small-worldness. Through a synchronized acquisition, we explored the cortical correlates of the reach&grasp movement. Despite EEG perturbations, suggesting that the non-dominant reach&grasp network has a complex architecture probably linked to the necessity of a higher visual control, the pivotal topological measures of network local and global efficiency remained unaffected.
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Ko LW, Stevenson C, Chang WC, Yu KH, Chi KC, Chen YJ, Chen CH. Integrated Gait Triggered Mixed Reality and Neurophysiological Monitoring as a Framework for Next-Generation Ambulatory Stroke Rehabilitation. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2021; 29:2435-2444. [PMID: 34748494 DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2021.3125946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Brain stroke affects millions of people in the world every year, with 50 to 60 percent of stroke survivors suffering from functional disabilities, for which early and sustained post-stroke rehabilitation is highly recommended. However, approximately one third of stroke patients do not receive early in hospital rehabilitation programs due to insufficient medical facilities or lack of motivation. Gait triggered mixed reality (GTMR) is a cognitive-motor dual task with multisensory feedback tailored for lower-limb post-stroke rehabilitation, which we propose as a potential method for addressing these rehabilitation challenges. Simultaneous gait and EEG data from nine stroke patients was recorded and analyzed to assess the applicability of GTMR to different stroke patients, determine any impacts of GTMR on patients, and better understand brain dynamics as stroke patients perform different rehabilitation tasks. Walking cadence improved significantly for stroke patients and lower-limb movement induced alpha band power suppression during GTMR tasks. The brain dynamics and gait performance across different severities of stroke motor deficits was also assessed; the intensity of walking induced event related desynchronization (ERD) was found to be related to motor deficits, as classified by Brunnstrom stage. In particular, stronger lower-limb movement induced ERD during GTMR rehabilitation tasks was found for patients with moderate motor deficits (Brunnstrom stage IV). This investigation demonstrates the efficacy of the GTMR paradigm for enhancing lower-limb rehabilitation, explores the neural activities of cognitive-motor tasks in different stages of stroke, and highlights the potential for joining enhanced rehabilitation and real-time neural monitoring for superior stroke rehabilitation.
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Allexandre D, Handiru VS, Hoxha A, Mark D, Suviseshamuthu ES, Yue GH. Altered Modulation of the Movement-Related Beta Desynchronization with Force in Stroke - a Pilot Study. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2021; 2021:6751-6754. [PMID: 34892657 DOI: 10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Conventional therapy improves motor recovery after stroke. However, 50% of stroke survivors still suffer from a significant level of long-term upper extremity impairment. Identifying a specific biomarker whose magnitude scales with the level of force could help in the development of more effective, novel, highly targeted rehabilitation therapies such as brain stimulation or neurofeedback. Four chronic stroke participants were enrolled in this pilot study to find such a neural marker using an Independent Component Analysis (ICA)-based source analysis approach, and investigate how it has been affected by the injury. Beta band desynchronization in the ipsilesional primary motor cortex was found to be most robustly scaling with force. This activity modulation with force was found to be significantly reduced, and to plateau at higher force than that of the contralesional (unaffected) side. A rehabilitation therapy that would target such a neuromarker could have the potential to strengthen the brain-to-muscle drive and improve motor learning and recovery.Clinical Relevance- This study identifies a neural marker that scales with motor output and shows how this modulation has been affected by stroke.
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Zhao Y, Yao J, Wu X, Chen L, Wang X, Zhang X, Hou W. Event-Related Beta EEG Changes Induced by Various Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation: A Pilot Study. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2021; 29:1206-1212. [PMID: 34129499 DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2021.3089478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Previous results demonstrated that neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) with various configurations could induce different activity at both the central and peripheral levels. Although NMES generating different peripheral movements have been studied, it is still unclear whether the difference in NMES-induced cortical activity is due to movement- or stimulation- related differences. Because NMES-induced cortical activity impacts motor function recovery, it is essential to know when NMES with various configurations evoke the same movement, whether the induced cortical activity is still different. Four NMES configurations: 1) Eight-let Frequency Trains, 2) Doublet frequency trains (DFT), 3) Constant-frequency trains with narrow-pulse, and 4) wide-pulse, were delivered to the right biceps brachii muscle in nine healthy young adults. We adjusted the intensities of these NMES to evoke the same elbow flexion and compared the cortical activities over sensorimotor regions. Our results showed that the four NMES patterns induced different beta-band Event-Related Desynchronization (ERD), with the DFT providing the strongest ERD value given the same NMES-induced elbow flexion (p < 0.05). This difference is possibly due to NMES with different configuration activated in the amount of afferent proprioceptive fibers. Our pilot study suggests that the NMES-induced beta-band ERD may be an additional factor to consider when selecting the NMES configuration for a better motor function recovery.
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Gandolfi M, Valè N, Posteraro F, Morone G, Dell'orco A, Botticelli A, Dimitrova E, Gervasoni E, Goffredo M, Zenzeri J, Antonini A, Daniele C, Benanti P, Boldrini P, Bonaiuti D, Castelli E, Draicchio F, Falabella V, Galeri S, Gimigliano F, Grigioni M, Mazzon S, Molteni F, Petrarca M, Picelli A, Senatore M, Turchetti G, Giansanti D, Mazzoleni S. State of the art and challenges for the classification of studies on electromechanical and robotic devices in neurorehabilitation: a scoping review. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med 2021; 57:831-840. [PMID: 34042413 DOI: 10.23736/s1973-9087.21.06922-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The rapid development of electromechanical and robotic devices has profoundly influenced neurorehabilitation. Growth in the scientific and technological aspects thereof is crucial for increasing the number of newly developed devices, and clinicians have welcomed such growth with enthusiasm. Nevertheless, improving the standard for the reporting clinical, technical, and normative aspects of such electromechanical and robotic devices remains an unmet need in neurorehabilitation. Accordingly, this study aimed to analyse the existing literature on electromechanical and robotic devices used in neurorehabilitation, considering the current clinical, technical, and regulatory classification systems. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION Within the CICERONE Consensus Conference framework, studies on electromechanical and robotic devices used for upper- and lower-limb rehabilitation in persons with neurological disabilities in adulthood and childhood were reviewed. We have conducted a literature search using the following databases: MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, PeDro, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. Clinical, technical, and regulatory classification systems were applied to collect information on the electromechanical and robotic devices. The study designs and populations were investigated. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Overall, 316 studies were included in the analysis. More than half (52%) of the studies were randomised controlled trials (RCTs). The population investigated the most suffered from strokes, followed by spinal cord injuries, multiple sclerosis, cerebral palsy, and traumatic brain injuries. In total, 100 devices were described; of these, 19% were certified with the CE mark. Overall, the main type of device was an exoskeleton. However, end-effector devices were primarily used for the upper limbs, whereas exoskeletons were used for the lower limbs (for both children and adults). CONCLUSIONS The current literature on robotic neurorehabilitation lacks detailed information regarding the technical characteristics of the devices used. This affects the understanding of the possible mechanisms underlying recovery. Unfortunately, many electromechanical and robotic devices are not provided with CE marks, strongly hindering the research on the clinical outcomes of rehabilitation treatments based on these devices. A more significant effort is needed to improve the description of the robotic devices used in neurorehabilitation in terms of the technical and functional details, along with high-quality RCT studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marialuisa Gandolfi
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Neurorehabilitation Unit, University Hospital of Verona, Italy -
| | - Nicola Valè
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Federico Posteraro
- Rehabilitation Department Versilia Hospital, ASL Toscana Nord-Ovest, Italy
| | | | - Antonella Dell'orco
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Neurorehabilitation Unit, University Hospital of Verona, Italy
| | - Anita Botticelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Neurorehabilitation Unit, University Hospital of Verona, Italy
| | - Eleonora Dimitrova
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Michela Goffredo
- Neurorehabilitation Research Laboratory, Department of Neurological and Rehabilitation Sciences, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - Jacopo Zenzeri
- Robotics, Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Paolo Boldrini
- Italian Society of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (SIMFER), Italy
| | | | - Enrico Castelli
- Pediatric Neurorehabilitation, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Draicchio
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, INAIL, Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Falabella
- President Italian Federation of Persons with Spinal Cord Injuries (Flip Onlus), Rome, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Gimigliano
- Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli, " Naples, Italy
| | - Mauro Grigioni
- National Center for Innovative Technologies in Public Health, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Mazzon
- ULSS 6 (Unique Sanitary Local Company) Euganea Padova - Distretto IV Alta Padovana, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Maurizio Petrarca
- The Movement Analysis and Robotics Laboratory, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Picelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Neurorehabilitation Unit, University Hospital of Verona, Italy
| | | | | | - Daniele Giansanti
- National Center for Innovative Technologies in Public Health, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Mazzoleni
- Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Politecnico di Bari, Italy
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Baniqued PDE, Stanyer EC, Awais M, Alazmani A, Jackson AE, Mon-Williams MA, Mushtaq F, Holt RJ. Brain-computer interface robotics for hand rehabilitation after stroke: a systematic review. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2021; 18:15. [PMID: 33485365 PMCID: PMC7825186 DOI: 10.1186/s12984-021-00820-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hand rehabilitation is core to helping stroke survivors regain activities of daily living. Recent studies have suggested that the use of electroencephalography-based brain-computer interfaces (BCI) can promote this process. Here, we report the first systematic examination of the literature on the use of BCI-robot systems for the rehabilitation of fine motor skills associated with hand movement and profile these systems from a technical and clinical perspective. METHODS A search for January 2010-October 2019 articles using Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, PEDro, PsycINFO, IEEE Xplore and Cochrane Library databases was performed. The selection criteria included BCI-hand robotic systems for rehabilitation at different stages of development involving tests on healthy participants or people who have had a stroke. Data fields include those related to study design, participant characteristics, technical specifications of the system, and clinical outcome measures. RESULTS 30 studies were identified as eligible for qualitative review and among these, 11 studies involved testing a BCI-hand robot on chronic and subacute stroke patients. Statistically significant improvements in motor assessment scores relative to controls were observed for three BCI-hand robot interventions. The degree of robot control for the majority of studies was limited to triggering the device to perform grasping or pinching movements using motor imagery. Most employed a combination of kinaesthetic and visual response via the robotic device and display screen, respectively, to match feedback to motor imagery. CONCLUSION 19 out of 30 studies on BCI-robotic systems for hand rehabilitation report systems at prototype or pre-clinical stages of development. We identified large heterogeneity in reporting and emphasise the need to develop a standard protocol for assessing technical and clinical outcomes so that the necessary evidence base on efficiency and efficacy can be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily C Stanyer
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JZ, UK
| | - Muhammad Awais
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JZ, UK
| | - Ali Alazmani
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Andrew E Jackson
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | | | - Faisal Mushtaq
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JZ, UK.
| | - Raymond J Holt
- School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
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Georgiadis K, Adamos DA, Nikolopoulos S, Laskaris N, Kompatsiaris I. Covariation Informed Graph Slepians for Motor Imagery Decoding. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2021; 29:340-349. [PMID: 33417560 DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2021.3049998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Graph signal processing (GSP) provides signal analytic tools for data defined in irregular domains, as is the case of non-invasive electroencephalography (EEG). In this work, the recently introduced technique of Graph Slepian functions is exploited for the robust decoding of motor imagery (MI) brain activity. The particular technique builds over the concept of graph Fourier transform (GFT) and provides additional flexibility in the subsequent data analysis by incorporating domain knowledge. Based on contrastive learning, we introduce an algorithmic pipeline that attains a data driven and subject specific design of Graph Slepian functions. These functions, by incorporating both the topology of the sensor array and the empirical evidence about the differential functional covariation, act as spatial filters that enhance the information conveyed by the multichannel signal and specifically relates to the participant's intention. The proposed technique for crafting Graph Slepians is incorporated in a MI-decoding scheme, in which the informed projections are fed to a support vector machine (SVM) that casts a prediction regarding the type of intended movement. The employed MI-decoder is evaluated based on two publicly available datasets and its superiority against popular alternatives in the field is established. Computational efficiency is listed among its main advantages, since it involves only simple matrix operations, allowing to consider its use in real-time implementations.
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Chang CS, Lo YY, Chen CL, Lee HM, Chiang WC, Li PC. Alternative Motor Task-Based Pattern Training With a Digital Mirror Therapy System Enhances Sensorimotor Signal Rhythms Post-stroke. Front Neurol 2019; 10:1227. [PMID: 31824406 PMCID: PMC6882999 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.01227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mirror therapy (MT) facilitates motor learning and induces cortical reorganization and motor recovery from stroke. We applied the new digital mirror therapy (DMT) system to compare the cortical activation under the three visual feedback conditions: (1) no mirror visual feedback (NoMVF), (2) bilateral synchronized task-based mirror visual feedback training (BMVF), and (3) reciprocal task-based mirror visual feedback training (RMVF). During DMT, EEG recordings, including time-dependent event-related desynchronization (ERD) signal amplitude in both mu and beta bands, were obtained from the standard C3 (ispilesional hemisphere, IH), C4 (contralesional hemisphere, CH), and Cz scalp sites (supplementary motor area, SMA). The entire ERD curve was separated into three time-phases: P0 (-2 to 0 s), P1 (0 to 2 s), and P2 (2 to 4 s). Four-way and subsequent repeated-measures analyses of variance were used to examine the effects of group (stroke vs. control group), test condition (NoMVF, BMVF, and RMVF), time-phase (P0, P1, and P2), and brain area (IH, CH, SMA) on the ERD areas (%) in mu and beta bands. For the mu band, generally, ERD areas (%) were larger in the control than in the stroke group. The ERD areas (%) were largest under the RMVF condition, followed by BMVF and NoMVF conditions. Similar results were found in the beta bands. The main effects of group, time-phase, and test condition on the ERD areas (%) were significant for the three brain areas, except the main effect of group in the SMA (Cz) and CH (C4) brain area. The ERD areas (%) were larger in the control than in the stroke group. The ERD area (%) was significantly larger during P1 than during P0 and P2 (ps < 0.02), and during P2 than during P0 (ps < 0.01). The ERD area (%) under the RMVF condition was significantly larger than that under the BMVF condition and NoMVF condition (ps < 0.05). The present study suggests that cortical activation particularly in the SMA (Cz) of the brain increases in the RMVF condition in both healthy subjects and stroke patients. This result supports the hypothesis that stroke patients may benefit from RMVF training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Sheng Chang
- Department of Healthcare Administration, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Emergency Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ying Lo
- Department of Healthcare Administration, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Liang Chen
- Department of Physical Therapy, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Min Lee
- Department of Physical Therapy, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chi Chiang
- Department of Occupational Therapy, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Chia Li
- Department of Occupational Therapy, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Snyder DB, Beardsley SA, Schmit BD. Role of the cortex in visuomotor control of arm stability. J Neurophysiol 2019; 122:2156-2172. [PMID: 31553682 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00003.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Whereas numerous motor control theories describe the control of arm trajectory during reach, the control of stabilization in a constant arm position (i.e., visuomotor control of arm posture) is less clear. Three potential mechanisms have been proposed for visuomotor control of arm posture: 1) increased impedance of the arm through co-contraction of antagonistic muscles, 2) corrective muscle activity via spinal/supraspinal reflex circuits, and/or 3) intermittent voluntary corrections to errors in position. We examined the cortical mechanisms of visuomotor control of arm posture and tested the hypothesis that cortical error networks contribute to arm stabilization. We collected electroencephalography (EEG) data from 10 young healthy participants across four experimental planar movement tasks. We examined brain activity associated with intermittent voluntary corrections of position error and antagonist co-contraction during stabilization. EEG beta-band (13-26 Hz) power fluctuations were used as indicators of brain activity, and coherence between EEG electrodes was used as a measure of functional connectivity between brain regions. Cortical activity in the sensory, motor, and visual areas during arm stabilization was similar to activity during volitional arm movements and was larger than activity during co-contraction of the arm. However, cortical connectivity between the sensorimotor and visual regions was higher during arm stabilization compared with volitional arm movements and co-contraction of the arm. The difference in cortical activity and connectivity between tasks might be attributed to an underlying visuomotor error network used to update motor commands for visuomotor control of arm posture.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We examined cortical activity and connectivity during control of stabilization in a constant arm position (i.e., visuomotor control of arm posture). Our findings provide evidence for cortical involvement during control of stabilization in a constant arm position. A visuomotor error network appears to be active and may update motor commands for visuomotor control of arm posture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan B Snyder
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University and Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Scott A Beardsley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University and Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Brian D Schmit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Marquette University and Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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22
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Rimbert S, Zaepffel M, Riff P, Adam P, Bougrain L. Hypnotic State Modulates Sensorimotor Beta Rhythms During Real Movement and Motor Imagery. Front Psychol 2019; 10:2341. [PMID: 31695643 PMCID: PMC6817584 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypnosis techniques are currently used in the medical field and directly influences the patient's state of relaxation, perception of the body, and its visual imagination. There is evidence to suggest that a hypnotic state may help patients to better achieve tasks of motor imagination, which is central in the rehabilitation protocols after a stroke. However, the hypnosis techniques could also alter activity in the motor cortex. To the best of our knowledge, the impact of hypnosis on the EEG signal during a movement or an imagined movement is poorly investigated. In particular, how event-related desynchronization (ERD) and event-related synchronization (ERS) patterns would be modulated for different motor tasks may provide a better understanding of the potential benefits of hypnosis for stroke rehabilitation. To investigate this purpose, we recorded EEG signals from 23 healthy volunteers who performed real movements and motor imageries in a closed eye condition. Our results suggest that the state of hypnosis changes the sensorimotor beta rhythm during the ERD phase but maintains the ERS phase in the mu and beta frequency band, suggesting a different activation of the motor cortex in a hypnotized state.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pierre Riff
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, Inria, LORIA, Nancy, France
| | - Perrine Adam
- Hemodialysis Department, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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23
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Georgiadis K, Laskaris N, Nikolopoulos S, Kompatsiaris I. Connectivity steered graph Fourier transform for motor imagery BCI decoding. J Neural Eng 2019; 16:056021. [PMID: 31096192 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ab21fd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Graph signal processing (GSP) concepts are exploited for brain activity decoding and particularly the detection and recognition of a motor imagery (MI) movement. A novel signal analytic technique that combines graph Fourier transform (GFT) with estimates of cross-frequency coupling (CFC) and discriminative learning is introduced as a means to recover the subject's intention from the multichannel signal. APPROACH Adopting a multi-view perspective, based on the popular concept of co-existing and interacting brain rhythms, a multilayer network model is first built from empirical data and its connectivity graph is used to derive the GFT-basis. A personalized decoding scheme supporting a binary decision, either 'left versus right' or 'rest versus MI', is crafted from a small set of training trials. Electroencephalographic (EEG) activity from 12 volunteers recorded during two randomly alternating, externally cued, MI tasks (clenching either left or right fist) and a rest condition is used to introduce and validate our methodology. In addition, the introduced methodology was further validated based on dataset IVa of BCI III competition. MAIN RESULTS Our GFT-domain decoding scheme achieves nearly optimal performance and proves superior to alternative techniques that are very popular in the field. SIGNIFICANCE At a conceptual level, our work suggests a fruitful way to introduce network neuroscience in BCI research. At a more practical level, it is characterized by efficiency. Training is realized using a small number of exemplar trials and decoding requires very simple operations that leaves room for real-time implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Georgiadis
- AIIA Lab, Informatics Department, AUTH, Thessaloniki, Greece. Information Technologies Institute (ITI), Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thermi-Thessaloniki, Greece
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24
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Iwane F, Lisi G, Morimoto J. EEG Sensorimotor Correlates of Speed During Forearm Passive Movements. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2019; 27:1667-1675. [PMID: 31425038 DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2019.2934231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Although passive movement therapy has been widely adopted to recover lost motor functions of impaired body parts, the underlying neural mechanisms are still unclear. In this context, fully understanding how the proprioceptive input modulates the brain activity may provide valuable insights. Specifically, it has not been investigated how the speed of motions, passively guided by a haptic device, affects the sensorimotor rhythms (SMR). On the grounds that faster passive motions elicit larger quantity of afferent input, we hypothesize a proportional relationship between localized SMR features and passive movement speed. To address this hypothesis, we conducted an experiment where healthy subjects received passive forearm oscillations at different speed levels while their electroencephalogram was recorded. The mu and beta event related desynchronization (ERD) and beta rebound of both left and right sensorimotor areas are analyzed by linear mixed-effects models. Results indicate that passive movement speed is correlated with the contralateral beta rebound and ipsilateral mu ERD. The former has been previously linked with the processing of proprioceptive afferent input quantity, while the latter with speed-dependent inhibitory processes. This suggests the existence of functionally-distinct frequency-specific neuronal populations associated with passive movements. In future, our findings may guide the design of novel rehabilitation paradigms.
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Calabrò RS, Naro A, Filoni S, Pullia M, Billeri L, Tomasello P, Portaro S, Di Lorenzo G, Tomaino C, Bramanti P. Walking to your right music: a randomized controlled trial on the novel use of treadmill plus music in Parkinson's disease. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2019; 16:68. [PMID: 31174570 PMCID: PMC6555981 DOI: 10.1186/s12984-019-0533-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rhythmic Auditory Stimulation (RAS) can compensate for the loss of automatic and rhythmic movements in patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying the effects of RAS are still poorly understood. We aimed at identifying which mechanisms sustain gait improvement in a cohort of patients with PD who practiced RAS gait training. METHODS We enrolled 50 patients with PD who were randomly assigned to two different modalities of treadmill gait training using GaitTrainer3 with and without RAS (non_RAS) during an 8-week training program. We measured clinical, kinematic, and electrophysiological effects of both the gait trainings. RESULTS We found a greater improvement in Functional Gait Assessment (p < 0.001), Tinetti Falls Efficacy Scale (p < 0.001), Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (p = 0.001), and overall gait quality index (p < 0.001) following RAS than non_RAS training. In addition, the RAS gait training induced a stronger EEG power increase within the sensorimotor rhythms related to specific periods of the gait cycle, and a greater improvement of fronto-centroparietal/temporal electrode connectivity than the non_RAS gait training. CONCLUSIONS The findings of our study suggest that the usefulness of cueing strategies during gait training consists of a reshape of sensorimotor rhythms and fronto-centroparietal/temporal connectivity. Restoring the internal timing mechanisms that generate and control motor rhythmicity, thus improving gait performance, likely depends on a contribution of the cerebellum. Finally, identifying these mechanisms is crucial to create patient-tailored, RAS-based rehabilitative approaches in PD. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT03434496 . Registered 15 February 2018, retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocco Salvatore Calabrò
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo, via Palermo, Contrada Casazza, S.S. 113, 98124, Messina, Italy.
| | - Antonino Naro
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo, via Palermo, Contrada Casazza, S.S. 113, 98124, Messina, Italy
| | - Serena Filoni
- Fondazione Centri di Riabilitazione Padre Pio Onlus, San Giovanni Rotondo, FG, Italy
| | - Massimo Pullia
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo, via Palermo, Contrada Casazza, S.S. 113, 98124, Messina, Italy
| | - Luana Billeri
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo, via Palermo, Contrada Casazza, S.S. 113, 98124, Messina, Italy
| | - Provvidenza Tomasello
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo, via Palermo, Contrada Casazza, S.S. 113, 98124, Messina, Italy
| | - Simona Portaro
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo, via Palermo, Contrada Casazza, S.S. 113, 98124, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Di Lorenzo
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo, via Palermo, Contrada Casazza, S.S. 113, 98124, Messina, Italy
| | - Concetta Tomaino
- Institute for Music and Neurologic Function, Mount Vernon, NY, USA
| | - Placido Bramanti
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo, via Palermo, Contrada Casazza, S.S. 113, 98124, Messina, Italy
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Calabrò RS, Accorinti M, Porcari B, Carioti L, Ciatto L, Billeri L, Andronaco VA, Galletti F, Filoni S, Naro A. Does hand robotic rehabilitation improve motor function by rebalancing interhemispheric connectivity after chronic stroke? Encouraging data from a randomised-clinical-trial. Clin Neurophysiol 2019; 130:767-780. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2019.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Katayama O, Nishi Y, Osumi M, Takamura Y, Kodama T, Morioka S. Neural activities behind the influence of sensorimotor incongruence on dysesthesia and motor control. Neurosci Lett 2019; 698:19-26. [PMID: 30625348 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Sensorimotor incongruence (SMI) is associated with pathological pain, such as phantom limb pain. Additionally, patients with pathological pain and brain dysfunction typically present with movement disorders, including diminished voluntary control and increased variability in bimanual movement performance. In healthy subjects, SMI leads to dysesthesia and bimanual movement motor dysfunction. However, the brain localization of this activity remains unclear, particularly in SMI-induced dysesthesia and decrease in movement accuracy. In this study, 17 healthy participants were asked to perform repetitive flexion/extension exercises with their wrists in a congruent/incongruent position while viewing the activity in a mirror. Indeed, SMI induced dysesthesia and decreased bimanual movement accuracy. Moreover, beta band activities of the bilateral presupplementary (P < 0.01) and bilateral cingulate (P < 0.05) motor areas were decreased. Collectively, our findings indicate that SMI induces dysesthesia and movement disorders and reduces beta band activities in motor-related areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Katayama
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kio University, 4-2-2 Umami-naka, Koryo-cho, Kitakatsuragi-gun, Nara 635-0832, Japan; Department of Rehabilitation, Watanabe Hospital, 45-2 Noma-kamikawada, Mihama-cho, Chita-gun, Aichi 470-3235, Japan.
| | - Yuki Nishi
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kio University, 4-2-2 Umami-naka, Koryo-cho, Kitakatsuragi-gun, Nara 635-0832, Japan
| | - Michihiro Osumi
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kio University, 4-2-2 Umami-naka, Koryo-cho, Kitakatsuragi-gun, Nara 635-0832, Japan; Department of Neurorehabilitation Research Center, Kio University, 4-2-2 Umami-naka, Koryo-cho, Kitakatsuragi-gun, Nara 635-0832, Japan
| | - Yusaku Takamura
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kio University, 4-2-2 Umami-naka, Koryo-cho, Kitakatsuragi-gun, Nara 635-0832, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kodama
- Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kyoto Tachibana University, 34 Yamada-cho, Oyake, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8175, Japan
| | - Shu Morioka
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kio University, 4-2-2 Umami-naka, Koryo-cho, Kitakatsuragi-gun, Nara 635-0832, Japan; Department of Neurorehabilitation Research Center, Kio University, 4-2-2 Umami-naka, Koryo-cho, Kitakatsuragi-gun, Nara 635-0832, Japan
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A Multiparameter Approach to Evaluate Post-Stroke Patients: An Application on Robotic Rehabilitation. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/app8112248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Multidomain instrumental evaluation of post-stroke chronic patients, coupled with standard clinical assessments, has rarely been exploited in the literature. Such an approach may be valuable to provide comprehensive insight regarding patients’ status, as well as orienting the rehabilitation therapies. Therefore, we propose a multidomain analysis including clinically compliant methods as electroencephalography (EEG), electromyography (EMG), kinematics, and clinical scales. The framework of upper-limb robot-assisted rehabilitation is selected as a challenging and promising scenario to test the multi-parameter evaluation, with the aim to assess whether and in which domains modifications may take place. Instrumental recordings and clinical scales were administered before and after a month of intensive robotic therapy of the impaired upper limb, on five post-stroke chronic hemiparetic patients. After therapy, all patients showed clinical improvement and presented pre/post modifications in one or several of the other domains as well. All patients performed the motor task in a smoother way; two of them appeared to change their muscle synergies activation strategies, and most subjects showed variations in their brain activity, both in the ipsi- and contralateral hemispheres. Changes highlighted by the new multiparametric instrumental approach suggest a recovery trend in agreement with clinical scales. In addition, by jointly demonstrating lateralization of brain activations, changes in muscle recruitment and the execution of smoother trajectories, the new approach may help distinguish between true functional recovery and the adoption of suboptimal compensatory strategies. In the light of these premises, the multi-domain approach may allow a finer patient characterization, providing a deeper insight into the mechanisms underlying the relearning procedure and the level (neuro/muscular) at which it occurred, at a relatively low expenditure. The role of this quantitative description in defining a personalized treatment strategy is of great interest and should be addressed in future studies.
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Georgiadis K, Laskaris N, Nikolopoulos S, Kompatsiaris I. Exploiting the heightened phase synchrony in patients with neuromuscular disease for the establishment of efficient motor imagery BCIs. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2018; 15:90. [PMID: 30373619 PMCID: PMC6206934 DOI: 10.1186/s12984-018-0431-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Phase synchrony has extensively been studied for understanding neural coordination in health and disease. There are a few studies concerning the implications in the context of BCIs, but its potential for establishing a communication channel in patients suffering from neuromuscular disorders remains totally unexplored. We investigate, here, this possibility by estimating the time-resolved phase connectivity patterns induced during a motor imagery (MI) task and adopting a supervised learning scheme to recover the subject’s intention from the streaming data. Methods Electroencephalographic activity from six patients suffering from neuromuscular disease (NMD) and six healthy individuals was recorded during two randomly alternating, externally cued, MI tasks (clenching either left or right fist) and a rest condition. The metric of Phase locking value (PLV) was used to describe the functional coupling between all recording sites. The functional connectivity patterns and the associate network organization was first compared between the two cohorts. Next, working at the level of individual patients, we trained support vector machines (SVMs) to discriminate between “left” and “right” based on different instantiations of connectivity patterns (depending on the encountered brain rhythm and the temporal interval). Finally, we designed and realized a novel brain decoding scheme that could interpret the intention from streaming connectivity patterns, based on an ensemble of SVMs. Results The group-level analysis revealed increased phase synchrony and richer network organization in patients. This trend was also seen in the performance of the employed classifiers. Time-resolved connectivity led to superior performance, with distinct SVMs acting as local experts, specialized in the patterning emerged within specific temporal windows (defined with respect to the external trigger). This empirical finding was further exploited in implementing a decoding scheme that can be activated without the need of the precise timing of a trigger. Conclusion The increased phase synchrony in NMD patients can turn to a valuable tool for MI decoding. Considering the fast implementation for the PLV pattern computation in multichannel signals, we can envision the development of efficient personalized BCI systems in assistance of these patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12984-018-0431-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kostas Georgiadis
- AIIA lab, Informatics Department, AUTH, Thessaloniki, Greece. .,Information Technologies Institute (ITI), Centre for Research & Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki-Thermi, Greece.
| | - Nikos Laskaris
- AIIA lab, Informatics Department, AUTH, Thessaloniki, Greece.,NeuroInformatics.GRoup, AUTH, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Spiros Nikolopoulos
- Information Technologies Institute (ITI), Centre for Research & Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki-Thermi, Greece
| | - Ioannis Kompatsiaris
- Information Technologies Institute (ITI), Centre for Research & Technology Hellas, Thessaloniki-Thermi, Greece
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EEG-Based Control for Upper and Lower Limb Exoskeletons and Prostheses: A Systematic Review. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18103342. [PMID: 30301238 PMCID: PMC6211123 DOI: 10.3390/s18103342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Electroencephalography (EEG) signals have great impact on the development of assistive rehabilitation devices. These signals are used as a popular tool to investigate the functions and the behavior of the human motion in recent research. The study of EEG-based control of assistive devices is still in early stages. Although the EEG-based control of assistive devices has attracted a considerable level of attention over the last few years, few studies have been carried out to systematically review these studies, as a means of offering researchers and experts a comprehensive summary of the present, state-of-the-art EEG-based control techniques used for assistive technology. Therefore, this research has three main goals. The first aim is to systematically gather, summarize, evaluate and synthesize information regarding the accuracy and the value of previous research published in the literature between 2011 and 2018. The second goal is to extensively report on the holistic, experimental outcomes of this domain in relation to current research. It is systematically performed to provide a wealthy image and grounded evidence of the current state of research covering EEG-based control for assistive rehabilitation devices to all the experts and scientists. The third goal is to recognize the gap of knowledge that demands further investigation and to recommend directions for future research in this area.
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Norman SL, McFarland DJ, Miner A, Cramer SC, Wolbrecht ET, Wolpaw JR, Reinkensmeyer DJ. Controlling pre-movement sensorimotor rhythm can improve finger extension after stroke. J Neural Eng 2018; 15:056026. [PMID: 30063219 PMCID: PMC6158016 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/aad724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Brain-computer interface (BCI) technology is attracting increasing interest as a tool for enhancing recovery of motor function after stroke, yet the optimal way to apply this technology is unknown. Here, we studied the immediate and therapeutic effects of BCI-based training to control pre-movement sensorimotor rhythm (SMR) amplitude on robot-assisted finger extension in people with stroke. APPROACH Eight people with moderate to severe hand impairment due to chronic stroke completed a four-week three-phase protocol during which they practiced finger extension with assistance from the FINGER robotic exoskeleton. In Phase 1, we identified spatiospectral SMR features for each person that correlated with the intent to extend the index and/or middle finger(s). In Phase 2, the participants learned to increase or decrease SMR features given visual feedback, without movement. In Phase 3, the participants were cued to increase or decrease their SMR features, and when successful, were then cued to immediately attempt to extend the finger(s) with robot assistance. MAIN RESULTS Of the four participants that achieved SMR control in Phase 2, three initiated finger extensions with a reduced reaction time after decreasing (versus increasing) pre-movement SMR amplitude during Phase 3. Two also extended at least one of their fingers more forcefully after decreasing pre-movement SMR amplitude. Hand function, measured by the box and block test (BBT), improved by 7.3 ± 7.5 blocks versus 3.5 ± 3.1 blocks in those with and without SMR control, respectively. Higher BBT scores at baseline correlated with a larger change in BBT score. SIGNIFICANCE These results suggest that learning to control person-specific pre-movement SMR features associated with finger extension can improve finger extension ability after stroke for some individuals. These results merit further investigation in a rehabilitation context.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Norman
- University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America
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Cerasa A, Pignolo L, Gramigna V, Serra S, Olivadese G, Rocca F, Perrotta P, Dolce G, Quattrone A, Tonin P. Exoskeleton-Robot Assisted Therapy in Stroke Patients: A Lesion Mapping Study. Front Neuroinform 2018; 12:44. [PMID: 30065642 PMCID: PMC6056631 DOI: 10.3389/fninf.2018.00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Technology-supported rehabilitation is emerging as a solution to support therapists in providing a high-intensity, repetitive and task-specific treatment, aimed at improving stroke recovery. End-effector robotic devices are known to positively affect the recovery of arm functions, however there is a lack of evidence regarding exoskeletons. This paper evaluates the impact of cerebral lesion load on the response to a validated robotic-assisted rehabilitation protocol. Methods: Fourteen hemiparetic patients were assessed in a within-subject design (age 66.9 ± 11.3 years; 10 men and 4 women). Patients, in post-acute phase, underwent 7 weeks of bilateral arm training assisted by an exoskeleton robot combined with a conventional treatment (consisting of simple physical activity together with occupational therapy). Clinical and neuroimaging evaluations were performed immediately before and after rehabilitation treatments. Fugl-Meyer (FM) and Motricity Index (MI) were selected to measure primary outcomes, i.e., motor function and strength. Functional independance measure (FIM) and Barthel Index were selected to measure secondary outcomes, i.e., daily living activities. Voxel-based lesion symptom mapping (VLSM) was used to determine the degree of cerebral lesions associated with motor recovery. Results: Robot-assisted rehabilitation was effective in improving upper limb motor function recovery, considering both primary and secondary outcomes. VLSM detected that lesion load in the superior region of the corona radiata, internal capsule and putamen were significantly associated with recovery of the upper limb as defined by the FM scores (p-level < 0.01). Conclusions: The probability of functional recovery from stroke by means of exoskeleton robotic rehabilitation relies on the integrity of specific subcortical regions involved in the primary motor pathway. This is consistent with previous evidence obtained with conventional neurorehabilitation approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Cerasa
- S. Anna Institute and Research in Advanced Neurorehabilitation (RAN) Crotone, Crotone, Italy.,Neuroimaging Unit, IBFM-CNR, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Loris Pignolo
- S. Anna Institute and Research in Advanced Neurorehabilitation (RAN) Crotone, Crotone, Italy
| | | | - Sebastiano Serra
- S. Anna Institute and Research in Advanced Neurorehabilitation (RAN) Crotone, Crotone, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Giuliano Dolce
- S. Anna Institute and Research in Advanced Neurorehabilitation (RAN) Crotone, Crotone, Italy
| | - Aldo Quattrone
- Neuroimaging Unit, IBFM-CNR, Catanzaro, Italy.,Neuroscience Research Centre, University Magna Græcia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Paolo Tonin
- S. Anna Institute and Research in Advanced Neurorehabilitation (RAN) Crotone, Crotone, Italy
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Eilbeigi E, Setarehdan SK. Detecting intention to execute the next movement while performing current movement from EEG using global optimal constrained ICA. Comput Biol Med 2018; 99:63-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2018.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Halme HL, Parkkonen L. Across-subject offline decoding of motor imagery from MEG and EEG. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10087. [PMID: 29973645 PMCID: PMC6031658 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28295-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Long calibration time hinders the feasibility of brain-computer interfaces (BCI). If other subjects’ data were used for training the classifier, BCI-based neurofeedback practice could start without the initial calibration. Here, we compare methods for inter-subject decoding of left- vs. right-hand motor imagery (MI) from MEG and EEG. Six methods were tested on data involving MEG and EEG measurements of healthy participants. Inter-subject decoders were trained on subjects showing good within-subject accuracy, and tested on all subjects, including poor performers. Three methods were based on Common Spatial Patterns (CSP), and three others on logistic regression with l1 - or l2,1 -norm regularization. The decoding accuracy was evaluated using (1) MI and (2) passive movements (PM) for training, separately for MEG and EEG. With MI training, the best accuracies across subjects (mean 70.6% for MEG, 67.7% for EEG) were obtained using multi-task learning (MTL) with logistic regression and l2,1-norm regularization. MEG yielded slightly better average accuracies than EEG. With PM training, none of the inter-subject methods yielded above chance level (58.7%) accuracy. In conclusion, MTL and training with other subject’s MI is efficient for inter-subject decoding of MI. Passive movements of other subjects are likely suboptimal for training the MI classifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna-Leena Halme
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering NBE, Aalto University School of Science, P.O. Box 12200, FI-00076, Aalto, Finland.
| | - Lauri Parkkonen
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering NBE, Aalto University School of Science, P.O. Box 12200, FI-00076, Aalto, Finland.,Aalto Neuroimaging, MEG Core, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland
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35
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Halme HL, Parkkonen L. Across-subject offline decoding of motor imagery from MEG and EEG. Sci Rep 2018; 8:10087. [PMID: 29973645 DOI: 10.1101/349225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Long calibration time hinders the feasibility of brain-computer interfaces (BCI). If other subjects' data were used for training the classifier, BCI-based neurofeedback practice could start without the initial calibration. Here, we compare methods for inter-subject decoding of left- vs. right-hand motor imagery (MI) from MEG and EEG. Six methods were tested on data involving MEG and EEG measurements of healthy participants. Inter-subject decoders were trained on subjects showing good within-subject accuracy, and tested on all subjects, including poor performers. Three methods were based on Common Spatial Patterns (CSP), and three others on logistic regression with l1 - or l2,1 -norm regularization. The decoding accuracy was evaluated using (1) MI and (2) passive movements (PM) for training, separately for MEG and EEG. With MI training, the best accuracies across subjects (mean 70.6% for MEG, 67.7% for EEG) were obtained using multi-task learning (MTL) with logistic regression and l2,1-norm regularization. MEG yielded slightly better average accuracies than EEG. With PM training, none of the inter-subject methods yielded above chance level (58.7%) accuracy. In conclusion, MTL and training with other subject's MI is efficient for inter-subject decoding of MI. Passive movements of other subjects are likely suboptimal for training the MI classifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna-Leena Halme
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering NBE, Aalto University School of Science, P.O. Box 12200, FI-00076, Aalto, Finland.
| | - Lauri Parkkonen
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering NBE, Aalto University School of Science, P.O. Box 12200, FI-00076, Aalto, Finland
- Aalto Neuroimaging, MEG Core, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland
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Elnady A, Mortenson WB, Menon C. Perceptions of Existing Wearable Robotic Devices for Upper Extremity and Suggestions for Their Development: Findings From Therapists and People With Stroke. JMIR Rehabil Assist Technol 2018; 5:e12. [PMID: 29764799 PMCID: PMC5974461 DOI: 10.2196/rehab.9535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Advances in wearable robotic technologies have increased the potential of these devices for rehabilitation and as assistive devices. However, the utilization of these devices is still limited and there are questions regarding how well these devices address users’ (therapists and patients) needs. Objective The aims of this study were to (1) describe users’ perceptions about existing wearable robotic devices for the upper extremity; (2) identify if there is a need to develop new devices for the upper extremity and the desired features; and (3) explore obstacles that would influence the utilization of these new devices. Methods Focus groups were held to collect data. Data were analyzed thematically. Results A total of 16 participants took part in the focus group discussions. Our analysis identified three main themes: (1) “They exist, but...” described participants’ perceptions about existing devices for upper extremity; (2) “Indeed, we need more, can we have it all?” reflected participants’ desire to have new devices for the upper extremity and revealed heterogeneity among different participants; and (3) “Bumps on the road” identified challenges that the participants felt needed to be taken into consideration during the development of these devices. Conclusions This study resonates with previous research that has highlighted the importance of involving end users in the design process. The study suggests that having a single solution for stroke rehabilitation or assistance could be challenging or even impossible, and thus, engineers should clearly identify the targeted stroke population needs before the design of any device for the upper extremity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Elnady
- Menrva Research Group, School of Engineering Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - W Ben Mortenson
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,GF Strong Rehabilitation Research Program, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Carlo Menon
- Menrva Research Group, School of Mechatronic Systems and Engineering Science, Simon Fraser University, Surrey, BC, Canada
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Quantification of Upper Limb Motor Recovery and EEG Power Changes after Robot-Assisted Bilateral Arm Training in Chronic Stroke Patients: A Prospective Pilot Study. Neural Plast 2018; 2018:8105480. [PMID: 29780410 PMCID: PMC5892248 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8105480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bilateral arm training (BAT) has shown promise in expediting progress toward upper limb recovery in chronic stroke patients, but its neural correlates are poorly understood. Objective To evaluate changes in upper limb function and EEG power after a robot-assisted BAT in chronic stroke patients. Methods In a within-subject design, seven right-handed chronic stroke patients with upper limb paresis received 21 sessions (3 days/week) of the robot-assisted BAT. The outcomes were changes in score on the upper limb section of the Fugl-Meyer assessment (FM), Motricity Index (MI), and Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) evaluated at the baseline (T0), posttraining (T1), and 1-month follow-up (T2). Event-related desynchronization/synchronization were calculated in the upper alpha and the beta frequency ranges. Results Significant improvement in all outcomes was measured over the course of the study. Changes in FM were significant at T2, and in MAS at T1 and T2. After training, desynchronization on the ipsilesional sensorimotor areas increased during passive and active movement, as compared with T0. Conclusions A repetitive robotic-assisted BAT program may improve upper limb motor function and reduce spasticity in the chronically impaired paretic arm. Effects on spasticity were associated with EEG changes over the ipsilesional sensorimotor network.
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Han CH, Hwang HJ, Lim JH, Im CH. Assessment of user voluntary engagement during neurorehabilitation using functional near-infrared spectroscopy: a preliminary study. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2018; 15:27. [PMID: 29566710 PMCID: PMC5865332 DOI: 10.1186/s12984-018-0365-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) finds extended applications in a variety of neuroscience fields. We investigated the potential of fNIRS to monitor voluntary engagement of users during neurorehabilitation, especially during combinatory exercise (CE) that simultaneously uses both, passive and active exercises. Although the CE approach can enhance neurorehabilitation outcome, compared to the conventional passive or active exercise strategies, the active engagement of patients in active motor movements during CE is not known. METHODS We determined hemodynamic responses induced by passive exercise and CE to evaluate the active involvement of users during CEs using fNIRS. In this preliminary study, hemodynamic responses of eight healthy subjects during three different tasks (passive exercise alone, passive exercise with motor imagery, and passive exercise with active motor execution) were recorded. On obtaining statistically significant differences, we classified the hemodynamic responses induced by passive exercise and CEs to determine the identification accuracy of the voluntary engagement of users using fNIRS. RESULTS Stronger and broader activation around the sensorimotor cortex was observed during CEs, compared to that during passive exercise. Moreover, pattern classification results revealed more than 80% accuracy. CONCLUSIONS Our preliminary study demonstrated that fNIRS can be potentially used to assess the engagement of users of the combinatory neurorehabilitation strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Hee Han
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Han-Jeong Hwang
- Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Department of Medical IT Convergence Engineering, Gumi, 38530, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Hwan Lim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Chang-Hwan Im
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea.
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Rimbert S, Al-Chwa R, Zaepffel M, Bougrain L. Electroencephalographic modulations during an open- or closed-eyes motor task. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4492. [PMID: 29576963 PMCID: PMC5857351 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There is fundamental knowledge that during the resting state cerebral activity recorded by electroencephalography (EEG) is strongly modulated by the eyes-closed condition compared to the eyes-open condition, especially in the occipital lobe. However, little research has demonstrated the influence of the eyes-closed condition on the motor cortex, particularly during a self-paced movement. This prompted the question: How does the motor cortex activity change between the eyes-closed and eyes-open conditions? To answer this question, we recorded EEG signals from 15 voluntary healthy subjects who performed a simple motor task (i.e., a voluntary isometric flexion of the right-hand index) under two conditions: eyes-closed and eyes-open. Our results confirmed strong modulation in the mu rhythm (7-13 Hz) with a large event-related desynchronisation. However, no significant differences have been observed in the beta band (15-30 Hz). Furthermore, evidence suggests that the eyes-closed condition influences the behaviour of subjects. This study gives us greater insight into the motor cortex and could also be useful in the brain-computer interface (BCI) domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Rimbert
- Neurosys team, Inria, Villers-lès-Nancy, France
- Artificial Intelligence and Complex Systems, Université de Lorraine, LORIA, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- Neurosys team, CNRS, LORIA, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Rahaf Al-Chwa
- Neurosys team, Inria, Villers-lès-Nancy, France
- Artificial Intelligence and Complex Systems, Université de Lorraine, LORIA, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | | | - Laurent Bougrain
- Neurosys team, Inria, Villers-lès-Nancy, France
- Artificial Intelligence and Complex Systems, Université de Lorraine, LORIA, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
- Neurosys team, CNRS, LORIA, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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Lee M, Park CH, Im CH, Kim JH, Kwon GH, Kim L, Chang WH, Kim YH. Motor imagery learning across a sequence of trials in stroke patients. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2018; 34:635-45. [PMID: 26410210 DOI: 10.3233/rnn-150534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In brain-computer interfaces (BCIs), electrical brain signals during motor imagery are utilized as commands connecting the brain to a computer. To use BCI in patients with stroke, unique brain signal changes should be characterized during motor imagery process. This study aimed to examine the trial-dependent motor-imagery-related activities in stroke patients. METHODS During the recording of electroencephalography (EEG) signals, 12 chronic stroke patients and 11 age-matched healthy controls performed motor imagery finger tapping at 1.3 sec intervals. Trial-dependent brain signal changes were assessed by analysis of the mu and beta bands. RESULTS Neuronal activity in healthy controls was observed over bilateral hemispheres at the mu and beta bands regardless of changes in the trials, whereas neuronal activity in stroke patients was mainly seen over the ipsilesional hemisphere at the beta band. With progression to repeated trials, healthy controls displayed a decrease in cortical activity in the contralateral hemisphere at the mu band and in bilateral hemispheres at the beta band. In contrast, stroke patients showed a decreasing trend in cortical activity only over the ipsilesional hemisphere at the beta band. CONCLUSIONS Trial-dependent changes during motor imagery learning presented in a different manner in stroke patients. Understanding motor imagery learning in stroke patients is crucial for enhancing the effectiveness of motor-imagery-based BCIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minji Lee
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Irwon-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hyun Park
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Center for Prevention & Rehabilitation, Heart Vascular and Stroke, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Irwon-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hwan Im
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Haengdang 1-dong, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hoon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Haengdang 1-dong, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu-Hyun Kwon
- Center for Bionics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Wolgok 2-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Laehyun Kim
- Center for Bionics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Wolgok 2-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Hyuk Chang
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Center for Prevention & Rehabilitation, Heart Vascular and Stroke, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Irwon-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Hee Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Irwon-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Center for Prevention & Rehabilitation, Heart Vascular and Stroke, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Irwon-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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A Feasibility Study of SSVEP-Based Passive Training on an Ankle Rehabilitation Robot. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2017; 2017:6819056. [PMID: 29075429 PMCID: PMC5623787 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6819056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Objective This study aims to establish a steady-state visual evoked potential- (SSVEP-) based passive training protocol on an ankle rehabilitation robot and validate its feasibility. Method This paper combines SSVEP signals and the virtual reality circumstance through constructing information transmission loops between brains and ankle robots. The robot can judge motion intentions of subjects and trigger the training when subjects pay their attention on one of the four flickering circles. The virtual reality training circumstance provides real-time visual feedback of ankle rotation. Result All five subjects succeeded in conducting ankle training based on the SSVEP-triggered training strategy following their motion intentions. The lowest success rate is 80%, and the highest one is 100%. The lowest information transfer rate (ITR) is 11.5 bits/min when the biggest one of the robots for this proposed training is set as 24 bits/min. Conclusion The proposed training strategy is feasible and promising to be combined with a robot for ankle rehabilitation. Future work will focus on adopting more advanced data process techniques to improve the reliability of intention detection and investigating how patients respond to such a training strategy.
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Chancel M, Kavounoudias A, Guerraz M. What's left of the mirror illusion when the mirror can no longer be seen? Bilateral integration of proprioceptive afferents! Neuroscience 2017; 362:118-126. [PMID: 28843995 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent data suggest that manipulating the muscle afferents of one arm affects both ipsilateral and contralateral perceptual estimates. Here, we used the mirror paradigm to study the bimanual integration of kinesthetic muscle afferents. The reflection of a moving hand in a mirror positioned in the sagittal plane creates an illusion of symmetrical bimanual movement. Although vision clearly has a role in kinesthesia, its role in the mirror illusion might have been overestimated. Conversely, the role of bimanual integration of muscle afferents might have been underestimated. We hypothesized that muscle-proprioceptive afferents of the passively displaced arm (the image of which was reflected in the mirror) are involved in this illusion. We evoked in 19 healthy adult participants the mirror illusion by displacing passively their left arm, the image of which was reflected in the mirror. Once participants experienced the illusion that their hidden right arm was moving, we then either occluded their view of the mirror (using occlusive glasses) and/or prevent the passive left arm displacement. Participants' illusion characteristics (duration and kinematic) under these conditions were compared with classical mirror illusion (without visual occlusion). We found that as long as the arm was still moving, the kinesthetic illusion decayed slowly after visual occlusion. These findings suggest that the mirror illusion results from the combination of visuo-proprioceptive signals from the two arms and is not purely visual in origin. Our findings also support the more general concept whereby proprioceptive afferents are integrated bilaterally for the purpose of kinesthesia during bimanual tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Chancel
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LPNC, F-38000 Grenoble, France; Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, NIA UMR 7260, F-13331 Marseille, France
| | - Anne Kavounoudias
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, NIA UMR 7260, F-13331 Marseille, France
| | - Michel Guerraz
- Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LPNC, F-73000 Chambéry, France.
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Trujillo P, Mastropietro A, Scano A, Chiavenna A, Mrakic-Sposta S, Caimmi M, Molteni F, Rizzo G. Quantitative EEG for Predicting Upper Limb Motor Recovery in Chronic Stroke Robot-Assisted Rehabilitation. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2017; 25:1058-1067. [DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2017.2678161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Abou Zeid E, Rezazadeh Sereshkeh A, Schultz B, Chau T. A Ternary Brain-Computer Interface Based on Single-Trial Readiness Potentials of Self-initiated Fine Movements: A Diversified Classification Scheme. Front Hum Neurosci 2017; 11:254. [PMID: 28596725 PMCID: PMC5443161 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the readiness potential (RP), a type of pre-movement neural activity, has been investigated for asynchronous electroencephalogram (EEG)-based brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). Since the RP is attenuated for involuntary movements, a BCI driven by RP alone could facilitate intentional control amid a plethora of unintentional movements. Previous studies have mainly attempted binary single-trial classification of RP. An RP-based BCI with three or more states would expand the options for functional control. Here, we propose a ternary BCI based on single-trial RPs. This BCI classifies amongst an idle state, a left hand and a right hand self-initiated fine movement. A pipeline of spatio-temporal filtering with per participant parameter optimization was used for feature extraction. The ternary classification was decomposed into binary classifications using a decision-directed acyclic graph (DDAG). For each class pair in the DDAG structure, an ordered diversified classifier system (ODCS-DDAG) was used to select the best among various classification algorithms or to combine the results of different classification algorithms. Using EEG data from 14 participants performing self-initiated left or right key presses, punctuated with rest periods, we compared the performance of ODCS-DDAG to a ternary classifier and four popular multiclass decomposition methods using only a single classification algorithm. ODCS-DDAG had the highest performance (0.769 Cohen's Kappa score) and was significantly better than the ternary classifier and two of the four multiclass decomposition methods. Our work supports further study of RP-based BCI for intuitive asynchronous environmental control or augmentative communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Abou Zeid
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation HospitalToronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of TorontoToronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alborz Rezazadeh Sereshkeh
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation HospitalToronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of TorontoToronto, ON, Canada
| | - Benjamin Schultz
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation HospitalToronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tom Chau
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation HospitalToronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of TorontoToronto, ON, Canada
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Tacchino G, Gandolla M, Coelli S, Barbieri R, Pedrocchi A, Bianchi AM. EEG Analysis During Active and Assisted Repetitive Movements: Evidence for Differences in Neural Engagement. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2017; 25:761-771. [DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2016.2597157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Monge-Pereira E, Ibañez-Pereda J, Alguacil-Diego IM, Serrano JI, Spottorno-Rubio MP, Molina-Rueda F. Use of Electroencephalography Brain-Computer Interface Systems as a Rehabilitative Approach for Upper Limb Function After a Stroke: A Systematic Review. PM R 2017; 9:918-932. [PMID: 28512066 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2017.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain-computer interface (BCI) systems have been suggested as a promising tool for neurorehabilitation. However, to date, there is a lack of homogeneous findings. Furthermore, no systematic reviews have analyzed the degree of validation of these interventions for upper limb (UL) motor rehabilitation poststroke. OBJECTIVES The study aims were to compile all available studies that assess an UL intervention based on an electroencephalography (EEG) BCI system in stroke; to analyze the methodological quality of the studies retrieved; and to determine the effects of these interventions on the improvement of motor abilities. TYPE: This was a systematic review. LITERATURE SURVEY Searches were conducted in PubMed, PEDro, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trial from inception to September 30, 2015. METHODOLOGY This systematic review compiles all available studies that assess UL intervention based on an EEG-BCI system in patients with stroke, analyzing their methodological quality using the Critical Review Form for Quantitative Studies, and determining the grade of recommendation of these interventions for improving motor abilities as established by the Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine. The articles were selected according to the following criteria: studies evaluating an EEG-based BCI intervention; studies including patients with a stroke and hemiplegia, regardless of lesion origin or temporal evolution; interventions using an EEG-based BCI to restore functional abilities of the affected UL, regardless of the interface used or its combination with other therapies; and studies using validated tools to evaluate motor function. SYNTHESIS After the literature search, 13 articles were included in this review: 4 studies were randomized controlled trials; 1 study was a controlled study; 4 studies were case series studies; and 4 studies were case reports. The methodological quality of the included papers ranged from 6 to 15, and the level of evidence varied from 1b to 5. The articles included in this review involved a total of 141 stroke patients. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review suggests that BCI interventions may be a promising rehabilitation approach in subjects with stroke. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Monge-Pereira
- Motion Analysis, Biomechanics, Ergonomy and Motor Control Laboratory (LAMBECOM group), Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine Department, Health Sciences Faculty, Rey Juan Carlos University, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Fisioterapia, Terapia Ocupacional, Rehabilitación y Medicina Física, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón (Madrid), Avda. de Atenas, s/n. CP, 28922, Spain(∗).
| | - Jaime Ibañez-Pereda
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom(†)
| | - Isabel M Alguacil-Diego
- Motion Analysis, Biomechanics, Ergonomy and Motor Control Laboratory (LAMBECOM group), Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine Department, Health Sciences Faculty, Rey Juan Carlos University, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain(‡)
| | - Jose I Serrano
- Neural and Cognitive Engineering Group, Centro de Automática y Robótica, (CSIC), Arganda del Rey, Spain(§)
| | | | - Francisco Molina-Rueda
- Motion Analysis, Biomechanics, Ergonomy and Motor Control Laboratory (LAMBECOM group), Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine Department, Health Sciences Faculty, Rey Juan Carlos University, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain(¶)
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Sburlea AI, Montesano L, Minguez J. Advantages of EEG phase patterns for the detection of gait intention in healthy and stroke subjects. J Neural Eng 2017; 14:036004. [PMID: 28291737 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/aa5f2f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE One use of EEG-based brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) in rehabilitation is the detection of movement intention. In this paper we investigate for the first time the instantaneous phase of movement related cortical potential (MRCP) and its application to the detection of gait intention. APPROACH We demonstrate the utility of MRCP phase in two independent datasets, in which 10 healthy subjects and 9 chronic stroke patients executed a self-initiated gait task in three sessions. Phase features were compared to more conventional amplitude and power features. MAIN RESULTS The neurophysiology analysis showed that phase features have higher signal-to-noise ratio than the other features. Also, BCI detectors of gait intention based on phase, amplitude, and their combination were evaluated under three conditions: session-specific calibration, intersession transfer, and intersubject transfer. Results show that the phase based detector is the most accurate for session-specific calibration (movement intention was correctly detected in 66.5% of trials in healthy subjects, and in 63.3% in stroke patients). However, in intersession and intersubject transfer, the detector that combines amplitude and phase features is the most accurate one and the only that retains its accuracy (62.5% in healthy subjects and 59% in stroke patients) w.r.t. session-specific calibration. SIGNIFICANCE MRCP phase features improve the detection of gait intention and could be used in practice to remove time-consuming BCI recalibration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreea Ioana Sburlea
- University of Zaragoza (DIIS), Instituto de investigación en ingeniería de Aragón (I3A), Zaragoza, Spain. Bit&Brain Technologies S.L., Paseo Sagasta 19, 50001, Zaragoza, Spain
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Monge-Pereira E, Molina-Rueda F, Rivas-Montero F, Ibáñez J, Serrano J, Alguacil-Diego I, Miangolarra-Page J. Electroencephalography as a post-stroke assessment method: An updated review. NEUROLOGÍA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2014.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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A Brain-Machine Interface Based on ERD/ERS for an Upper-Limb Exoskeleton Control. SENSORS 2016; 16:s16122050. [PMID: 27918413 PMCID: PMC5191031 DOI: 10.3390/s16122050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
To recognize the user’s motion intention, brain-machine interfaces (BMI) usually decode movements from cortical activity to control exoskeletons and neuroprostheses for daily activities. The aim of this paper is to investigate whether self-induced variations of the electroencephalogram (EEG) can be useful as control signals for an upper-limb exoskeleton developed by us. A BMI based on event-related desynchronization/synchronization (ERD/ERS) is proposed. In the decoder-training phase, we investigate the offline classification performance of left versus right hand and left hand versus both feet by using motor execution (ME) or motor imagery (MI). The results indicate that the accuracies of ME sessions are higher than those of MI sessions, and left hand versus both feet paradigm achieves a better classification performance, which would be used in the online-control phase. In the online-control phase, the trained decoder is tested in two scenarios (wearing or without wearing the exoskeleton). The MI and ME sessions wearing the exoskeleton achieve mean classification accuracy of 84.29% ± 2.11% and 87.37% ± 3.06%, respectively. The present study demonstrates that the proposed BMI is effective to control the upper-limb exoskeleton, and provides a practical method by non-invasive EEG signal associated with human natural behavior for clinical applications.
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Formaggio E, Masiero S, Bosco A, Izzi F, Piccione F, Del Felice A. Quantitative EEG Evaluation During Robot-Assisted Foot Movement. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2016; 25:1633-1640. [PMID: 27845668 DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2016.2627058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Passiveand imagined limbmovements induce changes in cerebral oscillatory activity. Central modulatory effects play a role in plastic changes, and are of uttermost importance in rehabilitation. This has extensively been studied for upper limb, but less is known for lower limb. The aim of this study is to investigate the topographical distribution of event-related desynchronization/synchronization(ERD/ERS) and task-relatedcoherence during a robot-assisted and a motor imagery task of lower limb in healthy subjects to inform rehabilitation paradigms. 32-channels electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded in twenty-one healthy right footed and handed subjects during a robot-assisted single-joint cyclic right ankle movement performed by the BTS ANYMOV robotic hospital bed. Data were acquired with a block protocol for passive and imagined movement at a frequency of 0.2 Hz. ERD/ERS and task related coherence were calculated in alpha1 (8-10 Hz), alpha2 (10.5-12.5 Hz) and beta (13-30 Hz) frequency ranges. During passive movement, alpha2 rhythm desynchronized overC3 and ipsilateral frontal areas (F4, FC2, FC6); betaERD was detected over the bilateral motor areas (Cz, C3, C4). During motor imagery, a significant desynchronization was evident for alpha1 over contralateral sensorimotor cortex (C3), for alpha2 over bilateral motor areas (C3 and C4), and for beta over central scalp areas. Task-related coherence decreased during passive movement in alpha2 band between contralateral central area (C3, CP5, CP1, P3) and ipsilateral frontal area (F8, FC6, T8); beta band coherence decreased between C3-C4 electrodes, and increased between C3-Cz. These data contribute to the understanding of oscillatory activity and functional neuronal interactions during lower limb robot-assisted motor performance. The final output of this line of research is to inform the design and development of neurorehabilitation protocols.
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