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Hassanzadeh Y, Yaghobi R, Pakzad P, Geramizadeh B. Risk assessment of Human cytomegalovirus infection in solid organ transplantation: Insight into
CD4
+
T cell subsets. Scand J Immunol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/sji.13212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yashgin Hassanzadeh
- Department of Microbiology, North Tehran Branch Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran
| | - Ramin Yaghobi
- Shiraz Transplant Research Center Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
| | - Parviz Pakzad
- Department of Microbiology, North Tehran Branch Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran
| | - Bita Geramizadeh
- Shiraz Transplant Research Center Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran
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Increased Serum Interleukin-2 Levels Are Associated with Abnormal Peripheral Blood Natural Killer Cell Levels in Patients with Active Rheumatoid Arthritis. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:6108342. [PMID: 33013198 PMCID: PMC7512106 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6108342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the relationship between serum interleukin-2 (IL-2) levels and disease activity, absolute numbers of peripheral lymphocyte subsets, autoantibodies, and associated cytokines in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods This study included 106 patients with RA, evaluated their disease activity (DAS28 score), and divided them into disease remission (DAS28 ≤ 2.6), low disease activity (DAS28 ≤ 3.2), and moderate-high disease activity (DAS28 > 3.2) groups. Flow cytometry was used to detect the absolute numbers of peripheral lymphocyte subpopulations and CD4+ T cell subsets in each group, and serum cytokine levels were measured using cytometric bead array. Results Serum IL-2 levels in RA patients were positively correlated with disease activity and rheumatoid factor titers (p < 0.001 and p = 0.045, respectively), and multiple regression analysis revealed that serum IL-2 levels were an independent factor affecting disease activity. Serum IL-2 levels were positively correlated with Th17/Treg ratios (p = 0.013). Compared with the remission group, peripheral lymphocyte and CD4+ T lymphocyte subsets in patients with active RA decreased to varying degrees; however, the numbers of peripheral natural killer (NK) cells were significantly higher in the moderate-high disease activity group than in the remission (p = 0.046) and low disease activity (p = 0.020) groups; the percentages of NK cells had the same trend. In addition, the number and percentage of NK cells were positively correlated with serum IL-2 levels (p = 0.018 and p = 0.006, respectively). Conclusions In RA patients, serum IL-2 levels were not only correlated with patients' disease activity and autoantibody levels but were also involved in their Th17/Treg immune imbalance. In addition, in patients with active RA, NK cell levels were abnormally elevated, possibly due to high serum levels of IL-2.
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Development of a Primary Human Cell Model for the Study of Human Cytomegalovirus Replication and Spread within Salivary Epithelium. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.01608-18. [PMID: 30404806 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01608-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Various aspects of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) pathogenesis, including its ability to replicate in specific cells and tissues and the mechanism(s) of horizontal transmission, are not well understood, predominantly because of the strict species specificity exhibited by HCMV. Murine CMV (MCMV), which contains numerous gene segments highly similar to those of HCMV, has been useful for modeling some aspects of CMV pathogenesis; however, it remains essential to build relevant human cell-based systems to investigate how the HCMV counterparts function. The salivary gland epithelium is a site of persistence for both human and murine cytomegaloviruses, and salivary secretions appear to play an important role in horizontal transmission. Therefore, it is important to understand how HCMV is replicating within the glandular epithelial cells so that it might be possible to therapeutically prevent transmission. In the present study, we describe the development of a salivary epithelial model derived from primary human "salispheres." Initial infection of these primary salivary cells with HCMV occurs in a manner similar to that reported for established epithelial lines, in that gH/gL/UL128/UL130/UL131A (pentamer)-positive strains can infect and replicate, while laboratory-adapted pentamer-null strains do not. However, while HCMV enters the lytic phase and produces virus in salivary epithelial cells, it fails to exhibit robust spread throughout the culture and persists in a low percentage of salivary cells. The present study demonstrates the utility of these primary tissue-derived cells for studying HCMV replication in salivary epithelial cells in vitro IMPORTANCE Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infects the majority of the world's population, and although it typically establishes a quiescent infection with little to no disease in most individuals, the virus is responsible for a variety of devastating sequelae in immunocompromised adults and in developing fetuses. Therefore, identifying the viral properties essential for replication, spread, and horizontal transmission is an important area of medical science. Our studies use novel human salivary gland-derived cellular models to investigate the molecular details by which HCMV replicates in salivary epithelial cells and provide insight into the mechanisms by which the virus persists in the salivary epithelium, where it gains access to fluids centrally important for horizontal transmission.
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Puttur F, Francozo M, Solmaz G, Bueno C, Lindenberg M, Gohmert M, Swallow M, Tufa D, Jacobs R, Lienenklaus S, Kühl AA, Borkner L, Cicin-Sain L, Holzmann B, Wagner H, Berod L, Sparwasser T. Conventional Dendritic Cells Confer Protection against Mouse Cytomegalovirus Infection via TLR9 and MyD88 Signaling. Cell Rep 2017; 17:1113-1127. [PMID: 27760315 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.09.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is an opportunistic virus severely infecting immunocompromised individuals. In mice, endosomal Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) and downstream myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) are central to activating innate immune responses against mouse CMV (MCMV). In this respect, the cell-specific contribution of these pathways in initiating anti-MCMV immunity remains unclear. Using transgenic mice, we demonstrate that TLR9/MyD88 signaling selectively in CD11c+ dendritic cells (DCs) strongly enhances MCMV clearance by boosting natural killer (NK) cell CD69 expression and IFN-γ production. In addition, we show that in the absence of plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs), conventional DCs (cDCs) promote robust NK cell effector function and MCMV clearance in a TLR9/MyD88-dependent manner. Simultaneously, cDC-derived IL-15 regulates NK cell degranulation by TLR9/MyD88-independent mechanisms. Overall, we compartmentalize the cellular contribution of TLR9 and MyD88 signaling in individual DC subsets and evaluate the mechanism by which cDCs control MCMV immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz Puttur
- Institute of Infection Immunology, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research (Twincore), Hannover Medical School (MHH) and Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Marcela Francozo
- Institute of Infection Immunology, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research (Twincore), Hannover Medical School (MHH) and Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), 30625 Hannover, Germany; Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Gülhas Solmaz
- Institute of Infection Immunology, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research (Twincore), Hannover Medical School (MHH) and Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Carlos Bueno
- Institute of Infection Immunology, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research (Twincore), Hannover Medical School (MHH) and Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), 30625 Hannover, Germany; Laboratorio de Virología, Departamento de Química Biológica, IQUIBICEN, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, Argentina
| | - Marc Lindenberg
- Institute of Infection Immunology, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research (Twincore), Hannover Medical School (MHH) and Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Melanie Gohmert
- Institute of Infection Immunology, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research (Twincore), Hannover Medical School (MHH) and Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Maxine Swallow
- Institute of Infection Immunology, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research (Twincore), Hannover Medical School (MHH) and Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Dejene Tufa
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, MHH, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Roland Jacobs
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, MHH, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefan Lienenklaus
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, MHH, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Institute for Experimental Infection Research, Twincore, MHH and HZI, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 7, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Anja A Kühl
- Medical Department (Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology)/Research Center ImmunoScience, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, 12200 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lisa Borkner
- Department for Vaccinology/Immune Aging and Chronic Infection, HZI, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Luka Cicin-Sain
- Department for Vaccinology/Immune Aging and Chronic Infection, HZI, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Bernard Holzmann
- Department of Surgery, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Hermann Wagner
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Luciana Berod
- Institute of Infection Immunology, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research (Twincore), Hannover Medical School (MHH) and Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Tim Sparwasser
- Institute of Infection Immunology, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research (Twincore), Hannover Medical School (MHH) and Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), 30625 Hannover, Germany.
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Popovic B, Golemac M, Podlech J, Zeleznjak J, Bilic-Zulle L, Lukic ML, Cicin-Sain L, Reddehase MJ, Sparwasser T, Krmpotic A, Jonjic S. IL-33/ST2 pathway drives regulatory T cell dependent suppression of liver damage upon cytomegalovirus infection. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006345. [PMID: 28448566 PMCID: PMC5423658 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells dampen an exaggerated immune response to viral infections in order to avoid immunopathology. Cytomegaloviruses (CMVs) are herpesviruses usually causing asymptomatic infection in immunocompetent hosts and induce strong cellular immunity which provides protection against CMV disease. It remains unclear how these persistent viruses manage to avoid induction of immunopathology not only during the acute infection but also during life-long persistence and virus reactivation. This may be due to numerous viral immunoevasion strategies used to specifically modulate immune responses but also induction of Treg cells by CMV infection. Here we demonstrate that liver Treg cells are strongly induced in mice infected with murine CMV (MCMV). The depletion of Treg cells results in severe hepatitis and liver damage without alterations in the virus load. Moreover, liver Treg cells show a high expression of ST2, a cellular receptor for tissue alarmin IL-33, which is strongly upregulated in the liver of infected mice. We demonstrated that IL-33 signaling is crucial for Treg cell accumulation after MCMV infection and ST2-deficient mice show a more pronounced liver pathology and higher mortality compared to infected control mice. These results illustrate the importance of IL-33 in the suppressive function of liver Treg cells during CMV infection. Treg cells are crucial for immune homeostasis and for dampening immune response to several diseased conditions, including viral infections. Murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) is a herpesvirus with pathogenic potential, so that early immune mechanisms are essential in controlling virus and protecting from virus-induced pathology. Studies on Foxp3+ Treg cells have revealed their inhibitory role on the early T cell response to MCMV infection and have suggested Treg cells as a target of MCMV’s immunoevasion mechanisms. Here we demonstrate that the number and activation status of liver Treg cells is strongly induced upon MCMV infection in order to protect the host from severe liver damage. They constitutively express high amounts of IL-33 receptor ST2 and their accumulation depends on IL-33, which is released as a tissue alarmin after the cell damage. For the first time, we show an immunoregulatory role of IL-33-dependent Treg cells in the liver of MCMV infected mice and their suppression of MCMV-induced immunopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branka Popovic
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Mijo Golemac
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Jürgen Podlech
- Institute for Virology and Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jelena Zeleznjak
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Lidija Bilic-Zulle
- Clinical Institute of Laboratory Diagnostics, Clinical Hospital Center, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Miodrag L. Lukic
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Centre for Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Luka Cicin-Sain
- Department of Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Braunschweig, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hannover-Braunschweig site, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Matthias J. Reddehase
- Institute for Virology and Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tim Sparwasser
- Institute of Infection Immunology, TWINCORE, Hannover, Germany
| | - Astrid Krmpotic
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Stipan Jonjic
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
- * E-mail:
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Li J, Huang L, Wang S, Yao Y, Zhang Z. Astragaloside IV attenuates inflammatory reaction via activating immune function of regulatory T-cells inhibited by HMGB1 in mice. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2016; 54:3217-3225. [PMID: 27564970 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2016.1216133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein is a highly abundant protein that can promote the pathogenesis of inflammatory. Some experiments have demonstrated a vital role for HMGB1 to modulate the immune function of regulatory T-cells (Tregs). Astragaloside IV (AST IV), an extract from Astragalus membranaceus Moench (Leguminosae), has been shown to exert potent cardioprotective and anti-inflammatory effects. It is still unclear whether AST IV has a latent effect on the proinflammatory ability of HMGB1 with subsequent activation of Tregs in vivo. OBJECTIVE This research explores the antagonism of different doses of AST IV on the immunologic function of Tregs mediated by HMGB1. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mouse models (BALB/c) were constructed by which normal saline or AST IV was administered i.p. at 2, 4 and 6 days after the administration i.p. of 20 μg recombinate HMGB1. Spleen was used to procure Treg and CD4 + CD25- T-cells which were co-cultured with Treg. Cell phenotypes of Tregs(Foxp3) were examined, and the cytokine levels in supernatants and the proliferation of T-cells were assayed. Gene expression was measured by RT-PCR. RESULTS (1) The expression levels of Foxp3 in Treg on post-stimulus days (PSD) 1-7 were significantly decreased in the HMGB1 group in comparison to those in the control group mice (p < 0.01). The Foxp3 expression was markedly increased in a dose-dependent manner in the AST group as compared with those in the HMGB1 group (p < 0.0 1-0.05). The same results were found in the contents of cytokines (IL-10 and TGF-β) released into supernatants by Treg. (2) When CD4 + CD25- T-cells were co-cultured with Treg stimulated by HMGB1, the cell proliferation and the levels of cytokines (IL-2 and IFN-γ) in supernatant were markedly increased as compared with those in the HMGB1 group. The level of IL-4 was markedly decreased as compared with that in the HMGB1 group. The same results were found when CD4 + CD25- T-cells were co-cultured with Treg in the NS group. Compared with those in the NS group, the contrary results were shown in a dose-dependent manner in the AST group. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION These results showed that AST IV has a therapeutic effect on inflammation promoted by HMGB1, and it should be studied as a new drug for the treatment of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Li
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| | - Lifeng Huang
- b Department of Surgical Intensive Care Unit , Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| | - Shuzhen Wang
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| | - Yongming Yao
- c Trauma Research Center, First Hospital Affiliated to the Chinese PLA General Hospital , Beijing , China
| | - Zhenyu Zhang
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
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Pallmer K, Oxenius A. Recognition and Regulation of T Cells by NK Cells. Front Immunol 2016; 7:251. [PMID: 27446081 PMCID: PMC4919350 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of T cell responses by innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) is increasingly documented and studied. Direct or indirect crosstalk between ILCs and T cells early during and after T cell activation can affect their differentiation, polarization, and survival. Natural killer (NK) cells that belong to the ILC1 group were initially described for their function in recognizing and eliminating "altered self" and as source of early inflammatory cytokines, most notably type II interferon. Using signals conveyed by various germ-line encoded activating and inhibitory receptors, NK cells are geared to sense sudden cellular changes that can be caused by infection events, malignant transformation, or cellular stress responses. T cells, when activated by TCR engagement (signal 1), costimulation (signal 2), and cytokines (signal 3), commit to a number of cellular alterations, including entry into rapid cell cycling, metabolic changes, and acquisition of effector functions. These abrupt changes may alert NK cells, and T cells might thereby expose themselves as NK cell targets. Here, we review how activated T cells can be recognized and regulated by NK cells and what consequences such regulation bears for T cell immunity in the context of vaccination, infection, or autoimmunity. Conversely, we will discuss mechanisms by which activated T cells protect themselves against NK cell attack and outline the significance of this safeguard mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Annette Oxenius
- Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zürich , Zürich , Switzerland
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Littwitz-Salomon E, Akhmetzyanova I, Vallet C, Francois S, Dittmer U, Gibbert K. Activated regulatory T cells suppress effector NK cell responses by an IL-2-mediated mechanism during an acute retroviral infection. Retrovirology 2015. [PMID: 26220086 PMCID: PMC4518534 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-015-0191-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background It is well established that effector T cell responses are crucial for the control of most virus infections, but they are often tightly controlled by regulatory T cells (Treg) to minimize immunopathology. NK cells also contribute to virus control but it is not known if their antiviral effect is influenced by virus-induced Tregs as well. We therefore analyzed whether antiretroviral NK cell functions are inhibited by Tregs during an acute Friend retrovirus infection of mice. Results Selective depletion of Tregs by using the transgenic DEREG mouse model resulted in improved NK cell proliferation, maturation and effector cell differentiation. Suppression of NK cell functions depended on IL-2 consumption by Tregs, which could be overcome by specific NK cell stimulation with an IL-2/anti-IL-2 mAb complex. Conclusions The current study demonstrates that virus-induced Tregs indeed inhibit antiviral NK cell responses and describes a targeted immunotherapy that can abrogate the suppression of NK cells by Tregs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12977-015-0191-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Littwitz-Salomon
- Institute of Virology of the University Hospital in Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
| | - Ilseyar Akhmetzyanova
- Institute of Virology of the University Hospital in Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
| | - Cecilia Vallet
- Institute of Virology of the University Hospital in Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
| | - Sandra Francois
- Institute of Virology of the University Hospital in Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
| | - Ulf Dittmer
- Institute of Virology of the University Hospital in Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
| | - Kathrin Gibbert
- Institute of Virology of the University Hospital in Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
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Jaskula E, Dlubek D, Tarnowska A, Lange J, Mordak-Domagala M, Suchnicki K, Sedzimirska M, Borowik A, Mizia S, Lange A. Anti-CMV-IgG positivity of donors is beneficial for alloHSCT recipients with respect to the better short-term immunological recovery and high level of CD4+CD25high lymphocytes. Viruses 2015; 7:1391-408. [PMID: 25807050 PMCID: PMC4379577 DOI: 10.3390/v7031391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from anti-cytomegalovirus immunoglobulin G (anti-CMV-IgG) positive donors facilitated immunological recovery post-transplant, which may indicate that chronic CMV infection has an effect on the immune system. This can be seen in the recipients after reconstitution with donor lymphocytes. We evaluated the composition of lymphocytes at hematologic recovery in 99 patients with hematologic malignancies post hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Anti-CMV-IgG seropositivity of the donor was associated with higher proportions of CD4+ (227.963 ± 304.858 × 106 vs. 102.050 ± 17.247 × 106 cells/L, p = 0.009) and CD4+CD25high (3.456 ± 0.436 × 106 vs. 1.589 ± 0.218 × 106 cells/L, p = 0.003) lymphocytes in the blood at hematologic recovery. The latter parameter exerted a diverse influence on the risk of acute graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) if low (1.483 ± 0.360 × 106 vs. 3.778 ± 0.484 × 106 cells/L, p < 0.001) and de novo chronic GvHD (cGvHD) if high (3.778 ± 0.780 × 106 vs. 2.042 ± 0.261 × 106 cells/L, p = 0.041). Higher values of CD4+ lymphocytes in patients who received transplants from anti-CMV-IgG-positive donors translated into a reduced demand for IgG support (23/63 vs. 19/33, p = 0.048), and these patients also exhibited reduced susceptibility to cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and/or human herpes 6 virus (HHV6) infection/reactivation (12/50 vs. 21/47, p = 0.032). Finally, high levels (³0.4%) of CD4+CD25high lymphocytes were significantly associated with better post-transplant survival (56% vs. 38%, four-year survival, p = 0.040). Donors who experience CMV infection/reactivation provide the recipients with lymphocytes, which readily reinforce the recovery of the transplanted patients' immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Jaskula
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw 53-114, Poland.
- Lower Silesian Center for Cellular Transplantation with National Bone Marrow Donor Registry, Wroclaw 53-439, Poland.
| | - Dorota Dlubek
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw 53-114, Poland.
- Lower Silesian Center for Cellular Transplantation with National Bone Marrow Donor Registry, Wroclaw 53-439, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Tarnowska
- Lower Silesian Center for Cellular Transplantation with National Bone Marrow Donor Registry, Wroclaw 53-439, Poland.
| | - Janusz Lange
- Lower Silesian Center for Cellular Transplantation with National Bone Marrow Donor Registry, Wroclaw 53-439, Poland.
| | - Monika Mordak-Domagala
- Lower Silesian Center for Cellular Transplantation with National Bone Marrow Donor Registry, Wroclaw 53-439, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Suchnicki
- Lower Silesian Center for Cellular Transplantation with National Bone Marrow Donor Registry, Wroclaw 53-439, Poland.
| | - Mariola Sedzimirska
- Lower Silesian Center for Cellular Transplantation with National Bone Marrow Donor Registry, Wroclaw 53-439, Poland.
| | - Agata Borowik
- Lower Silesian Center for Cellular Transplantation with National Bone Marrow Donor Registry, Wroclaw 53-439, Poland.
| | - Sylwia Mizia
- Lower Silesian Center for Cellular Transplantation with National Bone Marrow Donor Registry, Wroclaw 53-439, Poland.
| | - Andrzej Lange
- Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw 53-114, Poland.
- Lower Silesian Center for Cellular Transplantation with National Bone Marrow Donor Registry, Wroclaw 53-439, Poland.
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