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Chmielewski M, Hombach AA, Abken H. Of CARs and TRUCKs: chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells engineered with an inducible cytokine to modulate the tumor stroma. Immunol Rev 2013; 257:83-90. [DOI: 10.1111/imr.12125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Chmielewski
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC); University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
- Clinic I for Internal Medicine; University Hospital Cologne; Cologne Germany
| | - Andreas A. Hombach
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC); University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
- Clinic I for Internal Medicine; University Hospital Cologne; Cologne Germany
| | - Hinrich Abken
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC); University of Cologne; Cologne Germany
- Clinic I for Internal Medicine; University Hospital Cologne; Cologne Germany
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Rowat AC, Jaalouk DE, Zwerger M, Ung WL, Eydelnant IA, Olins DE, Olins AL, Herrmann H, Weitz DA, Lammerding J. Nuclear envelope composition determines the ability of neutrophil-type cells to passage through micron-scale constrictions. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:8610-8618. [PMID: 23355469 PMCID: PMC3605679 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.441535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2012] [Revised: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are characterized by their distinct nuclear shape, which is thought to facilitate the transit of these cells through pore spaces less than one-fifth of their diameter. We used human promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60) cells as a model system to investigate the effect of nuclear shape in whole cell deformability. We probed neutrophil-differentiated HL-60 cells lacking expression of lamin B receptor, which fail to develop lobulated nuclei during granulopoiesis and present an in vitro model for Pelger-Huët anomaly; despite the circular morphology of their nuclei, the cells passed through micron-scale constrictions on similar timescales as scrambled controls. We then investigated the unique nuclear envelope composition of neutrophil-differentiated HL-60 cells, which may also impact their deformability; although lamin A is typically down-regulated during granulopoiesis, we genetically modified HL-60 cells to generate a subpopulation of cells with well defined levels of ectopic lamin A. The lamin A-overexpressing neutrophil-type cells showed similar functional characteristics as the mock controls, but they had an impaired ability to pass through micron-scale constrictions. Our results suggest that levels of lamin A have a marked effect on the ability of neutrophils to passage through micron-scale constrictions, whereas the unusual multilobed shape of the neutrophil nucleus is less essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy C Rowat
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139; Department of Physics and School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138.
| | - Diana E Jaalouk
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Monika Zwerger
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - W Lloyd Ung
- Department of Physics and School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - Irwin A Eydelnant
- Department of Physics and School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - Don E Olins
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New England, Portland, Maine 04103
| | - Ada L Olins
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New England, Portland, Maine 04103
| | - Harald Herrmann
- Division of Molecular Genetics, German Cancer Research Center, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David A Weitz
- Department of Physics and School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138
| | - Jan Lammerding
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139; Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
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Akins EJ, Dubey P. Noninvasive imaging of cell-mediated therapy for treatment of cancer. J Nucl Med 2008; 49 Suppl 2:180S-95S. [PMID: 18523073 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.107.045971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-mediated therapy (immunotherapy) for the treatment of cancer is an active area of investigation in animal models and clinical trials. Despite many advances, objective responses to immunotherapy are observed in a small number of cases, for certain tumor types. To better understand differences in outcomes, it is critical to develop assays for tracking effector cell localization and function in situ. The fairly recent use of molecular imaging techniques to track cell populations has presented researchers and clinicians with a powerful diagnostic tool for determining the efficacy of cell-mediated therapy for the treatment of cancer. This review highlights the application of whole-body noninvasive radioisotopic, magnetic, and optical imaging methods for monitoring effector cells in vivo. Issues that affect sensitivity of detection, such as methods of cell marking, efficiency of cell labeling, toxicity, and limits of detection of imaging modalities, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Akins
- Section on Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
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