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Maretti-Mira AC, Salomon MP, Hsu AM, Matsuba C, Golden-Mason L. Chronic HCV infection promotes cytotoxicity in antigen-specific CD8 + T cells regardless of virus specificity. FRONTIERS IN VIROLOGY (LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 3:1198361. [PMID: 37886042 PMCID: PMC10601542 DOI: 10.3389/fviro.2023.1198361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Despite advancements in hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection treatment, HCV still represents a significant public health burden. Besides progressive hepatic damage, viral persistence has lasting effects on innate and adaptive immune responses. Lack of a complete understanding of the factors driving an effective HCV response contributes to the failure to develop a vaccine for prevention. This study advances the existing knowledge on HCV-specific CD8+ T cells and describes the impact of current or past HCV infection on CD8+ T cells specific for other viruses. Methods We used barcoded-dextramers to identify and sort CD8+ T cells specific for HCV, cytomegalovirus, and influenza, and characterized them using single-cell RNA sequencing technology. Our cohort included chronic (cHCV), spontaneously resolved (rHCV), and subjects undergoing direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy. Results We show that HCV-specific CD8+ T cells have cytotoxic features in patients with cHCV, which is progressively reduced with DAA therapy and persists 12 weeks after treatment completion. We also observe a shift in the CD8+ T cell phenotype on DAA treatment, with decreased effector memory and exhausted cell signatures. In rHCV, we also detected a smaller proportion of effector memory cells compared to cHCV. The proportion of CD8+ exhausted T cells in cHCV and rHCV subjects was comparable. Moreover, we also observed that non-HCV virus-specific CD8+ T cells exhibit robust cytotoxic traits during cHCV infection. Discussion Altogether, our findings suggest that cHCV infection promotes cytotoxicity in CD8+ T cells regardless of virus specificity. The immunological changes caused by cHCV infection in CD8+ T cells may contribute to worsening the ongoing hepatic damage caused by HCV infection or exacerbate the immune response to possible co-infections. Our data provide a resource to groups exploring the underlying mechanisms of HCV-specific T cell spontaneous and treatment-induced resolution to inform the development of effective vaccines against HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C. Maretti-Mira
- USC Research Center for Liver Diseases, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Matthew P. Salomon
- USC Research Center for Liver Diseases, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Angela M. Hsu
- USC Research Center for Liver Diseases, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Chikako Matsuba
- USC Research Center for Liver Diseases, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Lucy Golden-Mason
- USC Research Center for Liver Diseases, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Khalil FO, Alsebaey A, Kasemy ZA, Abdelmageed SM, Bedair HM, Abdelsattar S. IL28B, TLR7 SNPs, and cytomegalovirus infection are risk factors for advanced liver disease in chronic hepatitis C patients. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2022. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1080/14787210.2021.1935239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Omar Khalil
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Liver Institute, Egypt
| | - Ayman Alsebaey
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, National Liver Institute, Egypt
| | | | | | - Hanan Mosaad Bedair
- Department of Clinical Pathology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebeen El-Koom, Egypt
| | - Shimaa Abdelsattar
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, National Liver Institute, Egypt
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Khalil FO, Alsebaey A, Kasemy ZA, Abdelmageed SM, Bedair HM, Abdelsattar S. IL28B, TLR7 SNPs, and cytomegalovirus infection are risk factors for advanced liver disease in chronic hepatitis C patients. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2022. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14787210.2021.1935239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Omar Khalil
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Liver Institute, Egypt
| | - Ayman Alsebaey
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, National Liver Institute, Egypt
| | | | | | - Hanan Mosaad Bedair
- Department of Clinical Pathology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebeen El-Koom, Egypt
| | - Shimaa Abdelsattar
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, National Liver Institute, Egypt
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Khalil FO, Alsebaey A, Kasemy ZA, Abdelmageed SM, Bedair HM, Abdelsattar S. IL28B, TLR7 SNPs, and cytomegalovirus infection are risk factors for advanced liver disease in chronic hepatitis C patients. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2022; 20:121-129. [PMID: 34047252 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2021.1935239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) is a leading cause of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study aimed to study the association of IL28B, toll-like receptor (TLR) 7, cytomegalovirus and advanced liver disease. METHODS Four groups were included; control (n = 125, 25.9%), CHC (n = 114, 23.6%), liver cirrhosis (n = 120, 24.8%), and HCC (n = 124, 25.7%). RESULTS In CHC group, patients were mainly F1 (60%) followed by F2. IL28B genotype CC percentage was higher in control group than the CHC and cirrhosis groups. CT and TT genotypes were higher in the CHC and cirrhosis groups than control group. The C allele was higher in the control group than the CHC, cirrhosis and HCC groups and the opposite with the T allele. Control and CHC had same TLR7 alleles. Cirrhosis patients and HCC had lower TLR 7 A allele and higher G allele than the control group. Both cirrhosis and HCC groups had statistically significant higher percentage of the AG and GG genotypes than the control group. Patients with HCC had higher cytomegalovirus infection percentage than cirrhosis and CHC group (38.7% vs 20% vs 16.7%), respectively. CONCLUSION IL28B, TLR7 SNPs and cytomegalovirus infection are risk factors for advanced liver disease in hepatitis C patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Omar Khalil
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Liver Institute, Egypt
| | - Ayman Alsebaey
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, National Liver Institute, Egypt
| | | | | | - Hanan Mosaad Bedair
- Department of Clinical Pathology, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebeen El-Koom, Egypt
| | - Shimaa Abdelsattar
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, National Liver Institute, Egypt
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Oh JS, Ali AK, Kim S, Corsi DJ, Cooper CL, Lee SH. NK cells lacking FcεRIγ are associated with reduced liver damage in chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Eur J Immunol 2016; 46:1020-9. [PMID: 26712042 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201546009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A novel subset of human natural killer (NK) cells, which displays potent and broad antiviral responsiveness in concert with virus-specific antibodies, was recently uncovered in cytomegalovirus (CMV)+ individuals. This NK-cell subset (g-NK) was characterized by a deficiency in the expression of FcεRIγ adaptor protein and the long-lasting memory-like NK-cell phenotype, suggesting a role in chronic infections. This study investigates whether the g-NK-cell subset is associated with the magnitude of liver disease during chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Analysis of g-NK-cell proportions and function in the PBMCs of healthy controls and chronic HCV subjects showed that chronic HCV subjects had slightly lower proportions of the g-NK-cell subset having similarly enhanced antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity responses compared to conventional NK cells. Notably, among CMV+ chronic HCV patients, lower levels of liver enzymes and fibrosis were found in those possessing g-NK cells. g-NK cells were predominant among the CD56(neg) NK cell population often found in chronic HCV patients, suggesting their involvement in immune response during HCV infection. For the first time, our findings indicate that the presence of the g-NK cells in CMV+ individuals is associated with amelioration of liver disease in chronic HCV infection, suggesting the beneficial roles of g-NK cells during a chronic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun S Oh
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Alaa K Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Sungjin Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | | | - Curtis L Cooper
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Ottawa Hospital-General Campus, Ottawa, Canada.,School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventative Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Seung-Hwan Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
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Mohamed RA, Maghraby HM, Abd El Salam EM, Nageb HM, Ahmad EE, Mohamed NA. Evaluation of serum endoglin as noninvasive marker in hepatocellular carcinoma. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE 2015. [DOI: 10.4103/1110-7782.155832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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Prevalence of hepatitis C virus in an elderly population in rural areas of Sharkia governorate, Egypt. EGYPTIAN LIVER JOURNAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1097/01.elx.0000463678.53334.c7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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El Awady MK, Bader El Din NG, Abdel Aziz Riad M, Omran MH, Abdelhafez TH, Elbaz TM, Hunter SS, Dawood RM, Abdel Aziz AO. Predictors of disease recurrence post living donor liver transplantation in end stage chronic HCV patients. DISEASE MARKERS 2014; 2014:202548. [PMID: 24695489 PMCID: PMC3948502 DOI: 10.1155/2014/202548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2013] [Revised: 12/14/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
HCV recurrence represents a universal phenomenon after liver transplantation. In this study Fifty HCV patients who underwent living donor liver transplantation were enrolled and factors that may accelerate HCV reinfection of the allograft such as donor's age and degree of liver steatosis, recipient's age, gender, BMI, MELD score, liver functions, HCV viral load, type of immunosuppressive drug, and genetic polymorphisms of IL28B, OAS, and IL1B were studied. The results of disease-free survival (DFS) rates showed inverse correlation with the recipient's postoperative levels of ALT, AST, ALP (P < 0.001, <0.001, and 0.006 resp.) as well as pre- and postoperative titers of HCV RNA (P < 0.003 and <0.001 resp.). Recipient's IL28B SNP was a significant factor in predicting postoperative DFS (P < 0.025). However, SNPs in OAS and IL1B genes had no apparent correlation with DFS. Cox proportional hazards model revealed that patients with elevated levels of ALT, preoperative viral titers, IL28B CT, and IL28B TT were 8.28, 4.22, 3.35, and 1.36 times, respectively, more likely to develop recurrence. In conclusion IL28B SNP, ALT level, and preoperative HCV titer besides proper choice of immunosuppressant are helpful for predicting posttransplant HCV recurrence and DFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa K. El Awady
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Noha G. Bader El Din
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | | | - Moataza H. Omran
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Tawfeek H. Abdelhafez
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Tamer Mahmoud Elbaz
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Kasr El Aini, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Reham M. Dawood
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
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Hartling HJ, Gaardbo JC, Ronit A, Salem M, Laye M, Clausen MR, Skogstrand K, Gerstoft J, Ullum H, Nielsen SD. Impaired Thymic Output in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection. Scand J Immunol 2013; 78:378-86. [DOI: 10.1111/sji.12096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - M. Salem
- Viro-Immunology Research Unit; Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet; Copenhagen University Hospital; Copenhagen; Denmark
| | - M. Laye
- Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism, Rigshospitalet; Copenhagen University Hospital; Copenhagen; Denmark
| | - M. R. Clausen
- Department of Hepatology, Rigshospitalet; Copenhagen University Hospital; Copenhagen; Denmark
| | - K. Skogstrand
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology; Statens Serum Institute; Copenhagen; Denmark
| | - J. Gerstoft
- Viro-Immunology Research Unit; Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet; Copenhagen University Hospital; Copenhagen; Denmark
| | - H. Ullum
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet; Copenhagen University Hospital; Copenhagen; Denmark
| | - S. D. Nielsen
- Viro-Immunology Research Unit; Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet; Copenhagen University Hospital; Copenhagen; Denmark
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Kuniholm MH, Parrinello CM, Anastos K, Augenbraun M, Plankey M, Nowicki M, Peters M, Golub ET, Lurain N, Landay AL, Strickler HD, Kaplan RC. Hepatitis C viremia is associated with cytomegalovirus IgG antibody levels in HIV-infected women. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61973. [PMID: 23613990 PMCID: PMC3629158 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Individuals with HIV infection exhibit high cytomegalovirus (CMV) IgG levels, but there are few data regarding the association of hepatitis C virus (HCV) with the immune response against CMV. Methods Associations of HCV with CMV seropositivity and CMV IgG levels were studied in 635 HIV-infected women, 187 of whom were HCV-seropositive, with adjustment in multivariable models for age, race/ethnicity, and HIV disease characteristics. Eighty one percent of the women reported receipt of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) prior to or at CMV testing. Results In adjusted models women with chronic HCV had higher CMV IgG levels than those without HCV RNA (β = 2.86, 95% CI:0.89 – 4.83; P = 0.004). The association of HCV RNA with CMV IgG differed by age (Pinteraction = 0.0007), with a strong association observed among women in the low and middle age tertiles (≤45.3 years of age; β = 6.21, 95% CI:3.30 – 9.11, P<0.0001) but not among women in the high age tertile. CMV IgG levels were not associated with non-invasive measures of liver disease, APRI and FIB-4, or with HCV RNA level and adjustment for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) IgG levels did not affect the association between HCV and CMV. Conclusions CMV IgG levels are higher in HCV/HIV co-infected women than in HIV mono-infected women. Further research on the association of HCV with CMV IgG is indicated because prior studies have found CMV IgG to be associated with morbidity and mortality in the general population and subclinical carotid artery disease in HIV-infected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark H Kuniholm
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America.
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El Awady MK, Bader El Din NG, Tabll A, El Hosary Y, Abdel Aziz AO, El Khayat H, Salama M, Abdelhafez TH. IL28B polymorphism and cytomegalovirus predict response to treatment in Egyptian HCV type 4 patients. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:290-8. [PMID: 23345953 PMCID: PMC3547570 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i2.290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2012] [Revised: 04/28/2012] [Accepted: 05/05/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To test whether the status of positive cytomegalovirus (CMV) DNA detection adds to the predictive value of IL28B and to further categorize C/T allele carriers. METHODS This study included 166 chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients who received combined interferon and ribavirin therapy for 48 wk, 84 spontaneous hepatitis C virus (HCV) resolvers who were positive for IgG anti-HCV antibody and negative for HCV RNA, and 100 healthy subjects who were negative for both HCV antibodies and RNA as controls. Genomic DNA from peripheral blood was used for IL28B rs.12979860 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and CMV DNA detection. A 139 bp fragment containing IL28B SNP was amplified in all subjects by polymerase chain reaction using a specifically designed primer. Then the IL28B rs.12979860 SNP was detected by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) genotyping. The presence of CMV DNA was tested by amplification of the gB1 gene using nested polymerase chain reaction. The role of CMV and IL28B rs.12979860 SNP genotypes in determining the response rate to combined interferon therapy and clinical status of patients were statistically analyzed. RESULTS Current data showed that 67% of patients carrying the IL28B 12979860 C/C allele had a sustained viral response (SVR) while the genotypes C/T and TT were associated with lower SVR rates, 50% and 48%, respectively. SVR rates for the C/C allele were lower than other HCV genotypes and/or other populations. Genotype CC was associated with the response to interferon (P = 0.025). Genotype C/C was reduced from 48% in controls to 14% in CHC patients suggesting its protective role against progression to chronicity. The majority of spontaneously cleared subjects (86%) were C/C, confirming its protective role. The C/T allele was present in 71% of CHC patients compared with 38% of controls, so the use of IL28B SNP genotyping only in these patients may be of little value as a predictor of response. CMV reactivation occurred in 40% of CHC patients. Co-infection with CMV seriously diminished the response to interferon (IFN) therapy, with SVR rates in C/C genotypes 87.5% in CMV-negative patients and 12.5% in CMV-positive patients (P < 0.0001). SVR rates among C/T carriers were reduced to < 50% in patients with positive CMV DNA while the non-response rate doubled. These data indicate that a supplemental assay for CMV viremia adds to the prognostic value of IL28B genotyping. CONCLUSION The results suggest that both genetic (i.e., spontaneous) and therapeutic (IFN-based therapy) arms are complementary in the battle against HCV. CMV DNA testing may be of value to better predict the response to IFN, particularly in IL28B C/T carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa K El Awady
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, National Research Center, Cairo, Giza 12622, Egypt.
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Daw MA, Dau AA. Hepatitis C virus in Arab world: a state of concern. ScientificWorldJournal 2012; 2012:719494. [PMID: 22629189 PMCID: PMC3354686 DOI: 10.1100/2012/719494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus has been considered to be one of the most important devastating causes of chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatic cellular carcinoma. The prevalence of such virus varies greatly over the world. Arab world has a unique geography and consists over nineteen countries who share the same heritage and customs and do speak the same language. In this area, the epidemiology of hepatitis C is not well understandable. Hepatitis C virus was found to be endemic in Arabia. The serostatus of such virus was found to be variable among these countries with uniform patterns of genotypes. Such prevalence varies tremendously according to the risk factors involved. Blood and blood products, haemodialysis, intravenous, and percutaneous drug users, and occupational, habitual, and social behavior were found to be the important factors involved. Hepatitis C will have major social, economic, and even political burdens on such young and dynamic societies. Thus, strategies and clear policy of intervention are urgently needed to combat the consequences of HCV both regionally and at state level of each country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Daw
- Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, Tripoli Medical Centre, Faculty of Medicine Tripoli, PO Box 82668, Tripoli, Libya.
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