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Rodríguez-Negrete EA, Grande-Pérez A. Quantification of Virion-Sense and Complementary-Sense DNA Strands of Circular Single-Stranded DNA Viruses. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2724:93-109. [PMID: 37987901 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3485-1_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Circular ssDNA viruses are ubiquitous and can be found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. To understand the interaction of ssDNA viruses with their hosts, it is important to characterize the dynamics of viral sense (VS) and complementary-sense (CS) viral strands during the infection process. Here, we present a simple and rapid protocol that allows sensitive and accurate determination of the VS and CS strands generated during viral infection.The method consists of a two-step qPCR in which the first step uses a strand-specific (CS or VS) labeled primer and T4 DNA polymerase that lacks strand displacement activity and makes a single copy per VS or CS strand. Next, the T4 DNA polymerase and unincorporated oligonucleotides are removed by a silica membrane spin column. Finally, the purified VS or CS strands are quantified by qPCR in a second step in which amplification uses a tag primer and a specific primer. Absolute quantification of VS and CS strands is obtained by extrapolating the Cq data to a standard curve of ssDNA, which can be generated by phagemid expression. Quantification of VS and CS strands of two geminiviruses in infections of Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) and Nicotiana benthamiana plants using this method is shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar A Rodríguez-Negrete
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, CIIDIR Unidad Sinaloa, Departamento de Biotecnología Agrícola, Guasave, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Ana Grande-Pérez
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora", Universidad de Málaga-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Málaga, Spain.
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Genética y Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain.
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Sicking C, Krenz B. Rolling circle amplification of begomoviral DNA from a single nucleus isolated by laser dissection microscopy. J Virol Methods 2022; 308:114591. [PMID: 35882264 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2022.114591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Laser dissection microscopy (LDM) is a method for isolating organelles, a specific cell or cells/tissue of interest from microscopic regions with the help of a laser. Here we describe a LDM-based isolation of begomovirus infected Nicotiana benthamiana epidermal cells and nuclei, in combination with a fast method to prepare non-fixed leaf epidermal samples for LDM. The bipartite Abutilon mosaic virus (AbMV) was used in which the coat protein gene of DNA A was deleted and replaced by the open reading frame (ORF) coding for the green fluorescent protein (GFP, accession: U87624), agro-infiltrated together with DNA B, to visualize infected cells. GFP expressing epidermal cells or nuclei were isolated by LDM with the MMi Cellcut system and viral circular DNA was amplified by rolling circle amplification (RCA). Subsequently, the RCA product was incubated with the restriction enzymes BamHI and PstI and restriction fragments were separated on an agarose gel to prove presence of the viral genome. It was shown that even a single-isolated nucleus harbored enough material to produce a sufficient restriction fragment pattern to identify a begomovirus infected cell/nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Sicking
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstr. 7 B, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Björn Krenz
- Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstr. 7 B, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.
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Chen G, Su Q, Shi X, Pan H, Jiao X, Zhang Y. Persistently Transmitted Viruses Restrict the Transmission of Other Viruses by Affecting Their Vectors. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1261. [PMID: 30327608 PMCID: PMC6174246 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diverse pathogens, plant hosts, insect vectors, and non-vector herbivores coexist and interact in natural systems. An example is the cooccurrence of insects Bemisia tabaci Q and Frankliniella occidentalis and the pathogens tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) and tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) on the same plant. In addition, both TYLCV and TSWV are persistently transmitted in these insect species. However, TSWV reduces the fitness of B. tabaci Q; therefore, we investigated whether TSWV affects the transmission of TYLCV to tomato. Both TYLCV and TSWV are persistently transmitted. Although B. tabaci Q cannot transmit TSWV, we found that this insect species is able to acquire and retain this virus serotype, indicating that the effects of TSWV on TYLCV transmission in the current study result from effects on the vector. The acquisition, retention, and transmission of TYLCV by B. tabaci Q were reduced when the insect vector contained TSWV. Additionally, the TYLCV acquisition and transmission by B. tabaci Q were reduced when the host plant was inoculated with TSWV before TYLCV or simultaneously with TYLCV. We also found that F. occidentalis fecundity and transmission of TSWV were reduced when F. occidentalis contained TYLCV. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that persistently transmitted viruses can restrict the transmission of other viruses by affecting their insect vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gong Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Qi Su
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Xiaobin Shi
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huipeng Pan
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoguo Jiao
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, College of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Youjun Zhang
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Simón A, Ruiz L, Velasco L, Janssen D. Absolute Quantification of Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus Spain strain, ToLCNDV-ES: Virus Accumulation in a Host-Specific Manner. PLANT DISEASE 2018; 102:165-171. [PMID: 30673467 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-06-17-0840-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV) (family Geminiviridae, genus Begomovirus) has recently been introduced in western Mediterranean countries. Isolates in Spain constitute a new strain, denominated ToLCNDV-ES, that is causing losses in commercial zucchini and melon crops; however, it is also, although less often, detected in commercial tomato crops. We developed a tissue-print hybridization test to detect the two genomic components of the virus and a TaqMan quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) test to estimate the number of genome copies in plants. qPCR was approximately 104 to 106 times more sensitive than tissue-print hybridization to detect viral genomic DNA-A and DNA-B, respectively. It also detected the virus in more experimentally and naturally ToLCNDV-ES-infected zucchini squash and tomato plants. ToLCNDV-ES DNA-A titers were significantly lower in tomato than in zucchini plants, often falling below the detection limits in the hybridization test. In addition, the DNA-B accumulation was impaired in tomato when compared with zucchini. According to the data obtained in this study, the differences in viral titers of both plant species contribute to explain the dissimilarities in symptom expression, capability of detection, and transmission of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almudena Simón
- IFAPA Centro La Mojonera, La Mojonera 04745, Almería, Spain
| | - Leticia Ruiz
- IFAPA Centro La Mojonera, La Mojonera 04745, Almería, Spain
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Su Q, Mescher MC, Wang S, Chen G, Xie W, Wu Q, Wang W, Zhang Y. Tomato yellow leaf curl virus differentially influences plant defence responses to a vector and a non-vector herbivore. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2016; 39:597-607. [PMID: 26436779 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Plants frequently engage in simultaneous interactions with diverse classes of biotic antagonists. Differential induction of plant defence pathways by these antagonists, and interactions between pathways, can have important ecological implications; however, these effects are currently not well understood. We explored how Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) influenced the performance of its vector (Bemisia tabaci) and a non-vector herbivore (Tetranychus urticae) occurring separately or together on tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum). TYLCV enhanced the performance of B. tabaci, although this effect was statistically significant only in the absence of T. urticae, which adversely affected B. tabaci performance regardless of infection status. In contrast, the performance of T. urticae was enhanced (only) by the combined presence of TYLCV and B. tabaci. Analyses of phytohormone levels and defence gene expression in wild-type tomatoes and various plant-defence mutants indicate that the enhancement of herbivore performance (for each species) entails the disruption of downstream defences in the jasmonic acid (JA) pathway. For T. urticae, this disruption appears to involve antagonistic effects of salicylic acid (SA), which is cumulatively induced to high levels by B. tabaci and TYLCV. In contrast, TYLCV was found to suppress JA-mediated responses to B. tabaci via mechanisms independent of SA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Su
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, 434025, China
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Mark C Mescher
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Shaoli Wang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Gong Chen
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Wen Xie
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qingjun Wu
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Wenkai Wang
- College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, 434025, China
| | - Youjun Zhang
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
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Becker N, Rimbaud L, Chiroleu F, Reynaud B, Thébaud G, Lett JM. Rapid accumulation and low degradation: key parameters of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus persistence in its insect vector Bemisia tabaci. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17696. [PMID: 26625871 PMCID: PMC4667217 DOI: 10.1038/srep17696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Of worldwide economic importance, Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV, Begomovirus) is responsible for one of the most devastating plant diseases in warm and temperate regions. The DNA begomoviruses (Geminiviridae) are transmitted by the whitefly species complex Bemisia tabaci. Although geminiviruses have long been described as circulative non-propagative viruses, observations such as long persistence of TYLCV in B. tabaci raised the question of their possible replication in the vector. We monitored two major TYLCV strains, Mild (Mld) and Israel (IL), in the invasive B. tabaci Middle East-Asia Minor 1 cryptic species, during and after the viral acquisition, within two timeframes (0-144 hours or 0-20 days). TYLCV DNA was quantified using real-time PCR, and the complementary DNA strand of TYLCV involved in viral replication was specifically quantified using anchored real-time PCR. The DNA of both TYLCV strains accumulated exponentially during acquisition but remained stable after viral acquisition had stopped. Neither replication nor vertical transmission were observed. In conclusion, our quantification of the viral loads and complementary strands of both Mld and IL strains of TYLCV in B. tabaci point to an efficient accumulation and preservation mechanism, rather than to a dynamic equilibrium between replication and degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Becker
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité ISYEB - UMR 7205 - CNRS, MNHN, UPMC, EPHE. Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 50, F-75005, Paris, France
- CIRAD, UMR PVBMT, Pôle de Protection des Plantes, 7 chemin de l’Irat, F-97410 Saint Pierre, Ile de La Réunion, France
| | - Loup Rimbaud
- CIRAD, UMR PVBMT, Pôle de Protection des Plantes, 7 chemin de l’Irat, F-97410 Saint Pierre, Ile de La Réunion, France
- Montpellier SupAgro, UMR 385 BGPI, F-34398 Montpellier, France
| | - Frédéric Chiroleu
- CIRAD, UMR PVBMT, Pôle de Protection des Plantes, 7 chemin de l’Irat, F-97410 Saint Pierre, Ile de La Réunion, France
| | - Bernard Reynaud
- CIRAD, UMR PVBMT, Pôle de Protection des Plantes, 7 chemin de l’Irat, F-97410 Saint Pierre, Ile de La Réunion, France
| | | | - Jean-Michel Lett
- CIRAD, UMR PVBMT, Pôle de Protection des Plantes, 7 chemin de l’Irat, F-97410 Saint Pierre, Ile de La Réunion, France
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Ning W, Shi X, Liu B, Pan H, Wei W, Zeng Y, Sun X, Xie W, Wang S, Wu Q, Cheng J, Peng Z, Zhang Y. Transmission of Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus by Bemisia tabaci as Affected by Whitefly Sex and Biotype. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10744. [PMID: 26021483 PMCID: PMC4448267 DOI: 10.1038/srep10744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bemisia tabaci is a serious pest of vegetables and other crops worldwide. The most damaging and predominant B. tabaci biotypes are B and Q, and both are vectors of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV). Previous research has shown that Q outperforms B in many respects but comparative research is lacking on the ability of B and Q to transmit viruses. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that B and Q differ in their ability to transmit TYLCV and that this difference helps explain TYLCV outbreaks. We compared the acquisition, retention, and transmission of TYLCV by B and Q females and males. We found that Q females are more efficient than Q males, B females, and B males at TYLCV acquisition and transmission. Although TYLCV acquisition and transmission tended to be greater for B females than B males, the differences were not statistically significant. Based on electrical penetration graphs determination of phloem sap ingestion parameters, females fed better than males, and Q females fed better than Q males, B females, or B males. These results are consistent with the occurrences of TYLCV outbreaks in China, which have been associated with the spread of Q rather than B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxi Ning
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P. R. China
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiaobin Shi
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Baiming Liu
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
- Institute of Plant Protection, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Huipeng Pan
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Wanting Wei
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yang Zeng
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xinpei Sun
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Wen Xie
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Shaoli Wang
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Qingjun Wu
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxu Cheng
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Zhengke Peng
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Youjun Zhang
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
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Rodríguez-Negrete EA, Sánchez-Campos S, Cañizares MC, Navas-Castillo J, Moriones E, Bejarano ER, Grande-Pérez A. A sensitive method for the quantification of virion-sense and complementary-sense DNA strands of circular single-stranded DNA viruses. Sci Rep 2014; 4:6438. [PMID: 25241765 PMCID: PMC5377365 DOI: 10.1038/srep06438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) viruses are the smallest viruses known to infect eukaryotes. High recombination and mutation rates have conferred these viruses with an evolutionary potential that has facilitated their emergence. Their damaging effects on livestock (circoviruses) and crops (geminiviruses and nanoviruses), and the ubiquity of anelloviruses in human populations and other mammalian species, have resulted in increased interest in better understanding their epidemiology and infection mechanisms. Circular ssDNA viral replication involves the synthesis of dsDNA intermediates containing complementary-sense (CS) and virion-sense (VS) strands. Precise quantification of VS and CS accumulation during viral infections can provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying viral replication and the host invasion process. Although qPCR protocols for quantifying viral molecules exist, none of them discriminate VS and CS strands. Here, using a two-step qPCR protocol we have quantified VS and CS molecule accumulation during the infection process of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) and Tomato yellow leaf curl Sardinia virus (TYLCSV) (genus Begomovirus, family Geminiviridae). Our results show that the VS/CS strand ratio and overall dsDNA amounts vary throughout the infection process. Moreover, we show that these values depend on the virus-host combination, and that most CS strands are present as double-stranded molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar A. Rodríguez-Negrete
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora”, Universidad de Málaga - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, (IHSM-UMA-CSIC) Área de Genética, Campus de Teatinos, 29071 Málaga, Spain
- Current address: Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados (Cinvestav) Irapuato Km. 9.6 Libramiento Norte Irapuato, Guanajuato. 36821 Mexico
| | - Sonia Sánchez-Campos
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora”, Universidad de Málaga - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, (IHSM-UMA-CSIC) Estación Experimental “La Mayora”, 29750 Algarrobo-Costa, Málaga, Spain
| | - M. Carmen Cañizares
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora”, Universidad de Málaga - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, (IHSM-UMA-CSIC) Estación Experimental “La Mayora”, 29750 Algarrobo-Costa, Málaga, Spain
| | - Jesús Navas-Castillo
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora”, Universidad de Málaga - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, (IHSM-UMA-CSIC) Estación Experimental “La Mayora”, 29750 Algarrobo-Costa, Málaga, Spain
| | - Enrique Moriones
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora”, Universidad de Málaga - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, (IHSM-UMA-CSIC) Estación Experimental “La Mayora”, 29750 Algarrobo-Costa, Málaga, Spain
| | - Eduardo R. Bejarano
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora”, Universidad de Málaga - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, (IHSM-UMA-CSIC) Área de Genética, Campus de Teatinos, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Ana Grande-Pérez
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea “La Mayora”, Universidad de Málaga - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, (IHSM-UMA-CSIC) Área de Genética, Campus de Teatinos, 29071 Málaga, Spain
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Guo Q, Honesty S, Xu ML, Zhang Y, Schoelz J, Qiu W. Genetic diversity and tissue and host specificity of Grapevine vein clearing virus. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2014; 104:539-547. [PMID: 24502205 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-03-13-0075-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Grapevine vein clearing virus (GVCV) is a new badnavirus in the family Caulimoviridae that is closely associated with an emerging vein-clearing and vine decline disease in the Midwest region of the United States. It has a circular, double-stranded DNA genome of 7,753 bp that is predicted to encode three open reading frames (ORFs) on the plus-strand DNA. The largest ORF encodes a polyprotein that contains domains for a reverse transcriptase (RT), an RNase H, and a DNA-binding zinc-finger protein (ZF). In this study, two genomic regions, a 570-bp region of the RT domain and a 540-bp region of the ZF domain were used for an analysis of the genetic diversity of GVCV populations. In total, 39 recombinant plasmids were sequenced. These plasmids consisted of three individual clones from each of 13 isolates sampled from five grape varieties in three states. The sequence variants of GVCV could not be phylogenetically grouped into clades according to geographical location and grape variety. Codons of RT or ZF regions are subject to purifying selection pressure. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays indicated that GVCV accumulates abundantly in the petioles and least in the root tip tissue. Upon grafting of GVCV-infected buds onto four major grape cultivars, GVCV was not detected in the grafted 'Chambourcin' vine but was present in the grafted 'Vidal Blanc', 'Cayuga White', and 'Traminette' vines, suggesting that Chambourcin is resistant to GVCV. Furthermore, seven nucleotides were changed in the sequenced RT and ZF regions of GVCV from a grafted Traminette vine and one in the sequenced regions of GVCV from grafted Cayuga White but no changes were found in the sequenced regions of GVCV in the grafted Vidal Blanc. The results provide a genetic snapshot of GVCV populations, which will yield knowledge important for monitoring GVCV epidemics and for preventing the loss of grape production that is associated with GVCV.
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Péréfarres F, Thébaud G, Lefeuvre P, Chiroleu F, Rimbaud L, Hoareau M, Reynaud B, Lett JM. Frequency-dependent assistance as a way out of competitive exclusion between two strains of an emerging virus. Proc Biol Sci 2014; 281:20133374. [PMID: 24598426 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2013.3374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological invasions are the main causes of emerging viral diseases and they favour the co-occurrence of multiple species or strains in the same environment. Depending on the nature of the interaction, co-occurrence can lead to competitive exclusion or coexistence. The successive fortuitous introductions of two strains of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV-Mld and TYLCV-IL) in Réunion Island provided an ideal opportunity to study the invasion of, and competition between, these worldwide emerging pathogens. During a 7-year field survey, we observed a displacement of the resident TYLCV-Mld by the newcomer TYLCV-IL, with TYLCV-Mld remaining mostly in co-infected plants. To understand the factors associated with this partial displacement, biological traits related to fitness were measured. The better ecological aptitude of TYLCV-IL in single infections was demonstrated, which explains its rapid spread. However, we demonstrate that the relative fitness of virus strains can drastically change between single infections and co-infections. An epidemiological model parametrized with our experimental data predicts that the two strains will coexist in the long run through assistance by the fitter strain. This rare case of unilateral facilitation between two pathogens leads to frequency-dependent selection and maintenance of the less fit strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Péréfarres
- CIRAD, UMR PVBMT, Pôle de Protection des Plantes, , 97410 Saint-Pierre, Ile de la Réunion, France, Université de La Réunion, UMR PVBMT, Pôle de Protection des Plantes, , 97410 Saint-Pierre, Ile de La Réunion, France, INRA, UMR 0385 BGPI, , 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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11
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Medina-Hernández D, Rivera-Bustamante RF, Tenllado F, Holguín-Peña RJ. Effects and effectiveness of two RNAi constructs for resistance to Pepper golden mosaic virus in Nicotiana benthamiana plants. Viruses 2013; 5:2931-45. [PMID: 24287597 PMCID: PMC3967154 DOI: 10.3390/v5122931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Revised: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
ToChLPV and PepGMV are Begomoviruses that have adapted to a wide host range and are able to cause major diseases in agronomic crops. We analyzed the efficacy of induced resistance to PepGMV in Nicotiana benthamiana plants with two constructs: one construct with homologous sequences derived from PepGMV, and the other construct with heterologous sequences derived from ToChLPV. Plants protected with the heterologous construct showed an efficacy to decrease the severity of symptoms of 45%, while plants protected with the homologous construct showed an efficacy of 80%. Plants protected with the heterologous construct showed a reduction of incidence of 42.86%, while the reduction of incidence in plants protected with the homologous construct was 57.15%. The efficacy to decrease viral load was 95.6% in plants protected with the heterologous construct, and 99.56% in plants protected with the homologous construct. We found, in both constructs, up-regulated key components of the RNAi pathway. This demonstrates that the efficacy of the constructs was due to the activation of the gene silencing mechanism, and is reflected in the decrease of viral genome copies, as well as in recovery phenotype. We present evidence that both constructs are functional and can efficiently induce transient resistance against PepGMV infections. This observation guarantees a further exploration as a strategy to control complex Begomovirus diseases in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Medina-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Fitopatología, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita, La Paz, Baja California Sur, 23096, Mexico; E-Mails: (R.J.H.P.); (D.M.H.)
| | - Rafael Francisco Rivera-Bustamante
- Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad Irapuato, Km. 9.6 Libramiento Norte, Irapuato, Guanajuato, 36821, Mexico; E-Mail: (R.F.R.B.)
| | - Francisco Tenllado
- Departamento de Biología Medioambiental, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, Madrid, 28040, Spain; E-Mail: (F.T.)
| | - Ramón Jaime Holguín-Peña
- Laboratorio de Fitopatología, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita, La Paz, Baja California Sur, 23096, Mexico; E-Mails: (R.J.H.P.); (D.M.H.)
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Florschütz K, Schröter A, Schmieder S, Chen W, Schweizer P, Sonntag F, Danz N, Baronian K, Kunze G. 'Phytochip': on-chip detection of phytopathogenic RNA viruses by a new surface plasmon resonance platform. J Virol Methods 2013; 189:80-6. [PMID: 23391824 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2013.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Revised: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) based 'Phytochip' was developed to distinguish virus-infected plants from non-infected plants. The system detects DNA-RNA hybridization to show the presence of phytopathogenic viruses such as the RNA virus barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV) in wheat leaves. To achieve this BSMV and wheat specific oligonucleotides, and a negative control yeast oligonucleotide, were immobilized on a SPR gold surface chip. After optimization of the hybridization parameters with purified wheat samples, wheat infected with BSMV resulted in detectable signals with both the BSMV and the wheat probes. In contrast, a hybridization reaction was not be detected with the negative probe. The method is fast and sensitive with a detection time of 3000s (50min), a detection limit of 14.7pgμl(-1) BSMV RNA and a measuring range of 14.7-84pgμl(-1) BSMV RNA (1.323-7.56ng BSMV RNA per 90μl sample). These characteristics, combined with the high throughput design, make it suitable for application in plant breeding and virus control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Florschütz
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, D-06466 Gatersleben, Germany
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Su Q, Pan H, Liu B, Chu D, Xie W, Wu Q, Wang S, Xu B, Zhang Y. Insect symbiont facilitates vector acquisition, retention, and transmission of plant virus. Sci Rep 2013; 3:1367. [PMID: 23455639 PMCID: PMC3586701 DOI: 10.1038/srep01367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) was first detected in China in 2006, following the introduction of Bemisia tabaci Q into China in 2003. Since then, the incidence of TYLCV in tomato fields in China has greatly increased as has the abundance and distribution of Q whiteflies containing the bacterial symbiont Hamiltonella with high frequency. This suggested that the symbiont Hamiltonella might associate with the transmission efficiency of TYLCV by the whitefly vector. Here we report the first evidence that the Hamiltonella is closely associated with the acquisition, retention, and transmission efficiency of TYLCV by the whitefly vector. Our findings combined with the outbreaks of TYLCV following the introduction of Q, provided an explanation for why Hamiltonella is being maintained at a relatively high level in Chinese B. tabaci Q and also have implications for disease and vector management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Su
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Huipeng Pan
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Baiming Liu
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Dong Chu
- College of Agronomy and Plant Protection, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, P. R. China
| | - Wen Xie
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Qingjun Wu
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Shaoli Wang
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Baoyun Xu
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Youjun Zhang
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
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