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Choudhary AK, Jain SK, Dubey AK, Kumar J, Sharma M, Gupta KC, Sharma LD, Prakash V, Kumar S. Conventional and molecular breeding for disease resistance in chickpea: status and strategies. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2022:1-32. [PMID: 35959728 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2022.2110641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is an important grain legume at the global level. Among different biotic stresses, diseases are the most important factor limiting its production, causing yield losses up to 100% in severe condition. The major diseases that adversely affect yield of chickpea include Fusarium wilt, Ascochyta blight and Botrytis gray mold. However, dry root rot, collar rot, Sclerotinia stem rot, rust, stunt disease and phyllody have been noted as emerging biotic threats to chickpea production in many production regions. Identification and incorporation of different morphological and biochemical traits are required through breeding to enhance genetic gain for disease resistance. In recent years, remarkable progress has been made in the development of trait-specific breeding lines, genetic and genomic resources in chickpea. Advances in genomics technologies have opened up new avenues to introgress genes from secondary and tertiary gene pools for improving disease resistance in chickpea. In this review, we have discussed important diseases, constraints and improvement strategies for enhancing disease resistance in chickpea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arbind K Choudhary
- Division of Crop Research, ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Shailesh Kumar Jain
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Rajasthan Agricultural Research Institute, Durgapura, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Abhishek Kumar Dubey
- Division of Crop Research, ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - Jitendra Kumar
- Division of Crop Improvement, Indian Institute of Pulses Research (IIPR), Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mamta Sharma
- Crop Protection and Seed Health, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid-Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Telangana, India
| | - Kailash Chand Gupta
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Rajasthan Agricultural Research Institute, Durgapura, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Leela Dhar Sharma
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Rajasthan Agricultural Research Institute, Durgapura, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ved Prakash
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Rajasthan Agricultural Research Institute, Durgapura, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar
- Division of Crop Research, ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna, Bihar, India
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Catch Me If You Can! RNA Silencing-Based Improvement of Antiviral Plant Immunity. Viruses 2019; 11:v11070673. [PMID: 31340474 PMCID: PMC6669615 DOI: 10.3390/v11070673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses are obligate parasites which cause a range of severe plant diseases that affect farm productivity around the world, resulting in immense annual losses of yield. Therefore, control of viral pathogens continues to be an agronomic and scientific challenge requiring innovative and ground-breaking strategies to meet the demands of a growing world population. Over the last decade, RNA silencing has been employed to develop plants with an improved resistance to biotic stresses based on their function to provide protection from invasion by foreign nucleic acids, such as viruses. This natural phenomenon can be exploited to control agronomically relevant plant diseases. Recent evidence argues that this biotechnological method, called host-induced gene silencing, is effective against sucking insects, nematodes, and pathogenic fungi, as well as bacteria and viruses on their plant hosts. Here, we review recent studies which reveal the enormous potential that RNA-silencing strategies hold for providing an environmentally friendly mechanism to protect crop plants from viral diseases.
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Kanakala S, Kuria P. Chickpea chlorotic dwarf virus: An Emerging Monopartite Dicot Infecting Mastrevirus. Viruses 2018; 11:E5. [PMID: 30577666 PMCID: PMC6357115 DOI: 10.3390/v11010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chickpea stunt disease (CSD), caused by Chickpea chlorotic dwarf virus (CpCDV) is a threat to chickpea production leading to yield losses of 75⁻95%. Chickpea chlorotic dwarf virus is a monopartite, single-stranded circular DNA virus in the genus Mastrevirus and family Geminiviridae. It is transmitted by Orosius albicinctus in a circulative (persistent) and nonpropagative manner. Symptoms of CSD include very small leaves, intense discoloration (yellowing (kabuli type) and reddening (desi type)), and bushy stunted appearance of the plant. Presently, CpCDVs occurs in Africa, Asia, Australia, and the Middle East, causing extensive losses on economically important crops in in the families Fabaceae, Asteraceae, Amaranthaceae, Brassicaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Caricaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Leguminosae, Malvaceae, Pedaliaceae, and Solanaceae. High frequency of recombinations has played a significant role in the wide host range, diversification, and rapid evolution of CpCDVs. This review highlights the extensive research on the CpCDV genome diversity, host range, plant⁻virus⁻insect interactions, and RNA interference-based resistance of CpCDV, providing new insights into the host adaptation and virus evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surapathrudu Kanakala
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50010, USA.
| | - Paul Kuria
- Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Nairobi 00200, Kenya.
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Saeed F, Sattar MN, Hameed U, Ilyas M, Haider MS, Hamza M, Mansoor S, Amin I. Infectivity of okra enation leaf curl virus and the role of its V2 protein in pathogenicity. Virus Res 2018; 255:90-94. [PMID: 30009848 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cotton crop has been severely affected by multiple begomoviruses in Pakistan and India. In our previous study, we found okra enation leaf curl virus (OELCuV), cotton leaf curl Multan betasatellite (CLCuMuB) and cotton leaf curl Multan alphasatellite (CLCuMuA) infecting cotton in Pakistan. The current study was designed to investigate the infectivity of OELCuV and its ability to trans-replicate non-cognate CLCuMuB. Agro-infectious clones containing the partial tandem repeats of OELCuV and CLCuMuB were constructed and the infectivity assays were carried out through Agrobacterium mediated transformation in the model host species Nicotiana benthamiana under controlled conditions. The results showed that in the inoculated plants OELCuV alone can cause downward curling and yellowing of leaves with thickened veins. However, when co-inoculated with the non-cognate CLCuMuB it could functionally trans-replicate CLCuMuB resulting in a more severe phenotype. The expression of Pre-coat/V2 protein in the N. benthamiana plants through the potato virus X (PVX) system caused localized cell death after severe leaf curling in the infiltrated leaves. The tissue tropism of the virus was associated with the systemic development of a hypersensitive response (HR), which ultimately lead to the plant death. The results indicated the involvement of V2 protein in the pathogenicity of OELCuV and its ability to trigger the host defense machinery. This study also demonstrated the ability of OELCuV to trans-replicate CLCuMuB resulting in typical leaf curl disease symptoms in N. benthamiana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Saeed
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Box 540000, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Usman Hameed
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Box 540000, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ilyas
- School of Plant Sciences, Box 85721, University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
| | - Muhammad Saleem Haider
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Box 540000, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Hamza
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Box 577, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Mansoor
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Box 577, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Imran Amin
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Box 577, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
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Yasmeen A, Kiani S, Butt A, Rao AQ, Akram F, Ahmad A, Nasir IA, Husnain T, Mansoor S, Amin I, Aftab S, Zubair M, Tahir MN, Akhtar S, Scheffler J, Scheffler B. Amplicon-Based RNA Interference Targeting V2 Gene of Cotton Leaf Curl Kokhran Virus-Burewala Strain Can Provide Resistance in Transgenic Cotton Plants. Mol Biotechnol 2016; 58:807-820. [PMID: 27757798 PMCID: PMC5102983 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-016-9980-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The conserved coat or V2 gene of begomoviruses is responsible for viral movement in the plant cells. RNAi technology was used to silence V2 gene for resistance against these viruses in transgenic plants. The transformation of the RNAi-based gene construct targeting V2 gene of CLCuKoV-Bur, cloned under 35S promoter, was done in two elite cotton varieties MNH-786 and VH-289 using shoot apex cut method of gene transformation. The transformation efficiency was found to be 3.75 and 2.88 % in MNH-786 and VH-289, respectively. Confirmation of successful transformation was done through PCR in T 0, T 1, and T 2 generations using gene-specific primers. Transgenic cotton plants were categorized on the basis of the virus disease index in T 1 generation. Copy number and transgene location were observed using FISH and karyotyping in T 2 generation which confirmed random integration of V2 RNAi amplicon at chromosome 6 and 16. Real-time quantitative PCR analyses of promising transgenic lines showed low virus titer compared to wild-type control plants upon challenging them with viruliferous whiteflies in a contained environment. From the results, it was concluded that amplicon V2 RNAi construct was able to limit virus replication and can be used to control CLCuV in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneela Yasmeen
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sarfraz Kiani
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Afshan Butt
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Qayyum Rao
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Faheem Akram
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aftab Ahmad
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Idrees Ahmad Nasir
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Tayyab Husnain
- Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology (CEMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Mansoor
- National Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Imran Amin
- National Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shaheen Aftab
- National Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zubair
- National Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Sohail Akhtar
- National Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Jodi Scheffler
- Jamie Whitten Delta States Research Center, USDA, Stoneville, MS, 38776, USA
| | - Brian Scheffler
- Jamie Whitten Delta States Research Center, USDA, Stoneville, MS, 38776, USA
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RNAi-mediated resistance against Cotton leaf curl disease in elite Indian cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) cultivar Narasimha. Virus Genes 2016; 52:530-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s11262-016-1328-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Cheng X, Li F, Cai J, Chen W, Zhao N, Sun Y, Guo Y, Yang X, Wu X. Artificial TALE as a Convenient Protein Platform for Engineering Broad-Spectrum Resistance to Begomoviruses. Viruses 2015; 7:4772-82. [PMID: 26308041 PMCID: PMC4576204 DOI: 10.3390/v7082843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) are a class of sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins that utilize a simple and predictable modality to recognize target DNA. This unique characteristic allows for the rapid assembly of artificial TALEs, with high DNA binding specificity, to any target DNA sequences for the creation of customizable sequence-specific nucleases used in genome engineering. Here, we report the use of an artificial TALE protein as a convenient platform for designing broad-spectrum resistance to begomoviruses, one of the most destructive plant virus groups, which cause tremendous losses worldwide. We showed that artificial TALEs, which were assembled based on conserved sequence motifs within begomovirus genomes, could confer partial resistance in transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana to all three begomoviruses tested. Furthermore, the resistance was maintained even in the presence of their betasatellite. These results shed new light on the development of broad-spectrum resistance against DNA viruses, such as begomoviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Cheng
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Fangfang Li
- Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jianyu Cai
- College of Agricultural and Food Science, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Lin'an 311300, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Wei Chen
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Nan Zhao
- Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yuqiang Sun
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yushuang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, China National Tobacco Corporation, Guizhou, Institute of Tobacco Science, Guiyang 550083, Guizhou, China.
| | - Xiuling Yang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xiaoyun Wu
- College of Agricultural and Food Science, Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, Lin'an 311300, Zhejiang, China.
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Sharma VK, Basu S, Chakraborty S. RNAi mediated broad-spectrum transgenic resistance in Nicotiana benthamiana to chilli-infecting begomoviruses. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2015; 34:1389-99. [PMID: 25916177 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-015-1795-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Two RNAi constructs were designed targeting chilli-infecting begomoviruses and associated betasatellites. Broad-spectrum resistance was achieved against multiple begomoviruses associated with leaf curl disease of chillies in India. Chilli leaf curl disease (ChiLCD) caused by begomoviruses (family: Geminiviridae) has emerged as one of the most devastating viral diseases of chilli, especially in the Indian sub-continent. The severity of disease incidence is expanding at an alarming rate due to the emergence of new begomoviruses with greater ability to infect this crop in almost all the major chilli producing regions of India. In this study, we applied the RNA interference (RNAi) based strategies to control infection of chilli-infecting begomoviruses (CIBs). For this, we have generated transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana plants harboring two different intron hairpin RNAi constructs [designated as TR1 (AC1/AC2) and TR2 (AC1/AC2/βC1)] using conserved regions of viral genome and associated betasatellite. During our study, we observed that, two lines harboring TR1 construct (13-1 and 2-4) and one line harboring TR2 construct (5-1) have shown resistance to the most predominant Indian CIBs like Chilli leaf curl virus-Pakistan isolate Varanasi, Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus-isolate chilli, and a newly identified begomovirus species, Chilli leaf curl Vellanad virus. Resistant lines accumulated transgene-specific siRNAs, confirming RNAi-mediated resistance against these viruses. Furthermore, these resistant lines also displayed delayed symptom appearance and milder symptoms, as compared to virus-inoculated non-transgenic plants. Average viral DNA accumulation in the resistant lines was reduced up to 90% as compared to non-transgenic plants. Thus, our study demonstrated the application of RNAi-mediated approach in providing resistance against diverse monopartite and bipartite begomoviruses associated with ChiLCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veerandra Kumar Sharma
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
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Abstract
Transgenic resistance to plant viruses is an important technology for control of plant virus infection, which has been demonstrated for many model systems, as well as for the most important plant viruses, in terms of the costs of crop losses to disease, and also for many other plant viruses infecting various fruits and vegetables. Different approaches have been used over the last 28 years to confer resistance, to ascertain whether particular genes or RNAs are more efficient at generating resistance, and to take advantage of advances in the biology of RNA interference to generate more efficient and environmentally safer, novel "resistance genes." The approaches used have been based on expression of various viral proteins (mostly capsid protein but also replicase proteins, movement proteins, and to a much lesser extent, other viral proteins), RNAs [sense RNAs (translatable or not), antisense RNAs, satellite RNAs, defective-interfering RNAs, hairpin RNAs, and artificial microRNAs], nonviral genes (nucleases, antiviral inhibitors, and plantibodies), and host-derived resistance genes (dominant resistance genes and recessive resistance genes), and various factors involved in host defense responses. This review examines the above range of approaches used, the viruses that were tested, and the host species that have been examined for resistance, in many cases describing differences in results that were obtained for various systems developed in the last 20 years. We hope this compilation of experiences will aid those who are seeking to use this technology to provide resistance in yet other crops, where nature has not provided such.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Palukaitis
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Seoul Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Hema M, Sreenivasulu P, Patil BL, Kumar PL, Reddy DVR. Tropical food legumes: virus diseases of economic importance and their control. Adv Virus Res 2015; 90:431-505. [PMID: 25410108 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-801246-8.00009-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Diverse array of food legume crops (Fabaceae: Papilionoideae) have been adopted worldwide for their protein-rich seed. Choice of legumes and their importance vary in different parts of the world. The economically important legumes are severely affected by a range of virus diseases causing significant economic losses due to reduction in grain production, poor quality seed, and costs incurred in phytosanitation and disease control. The majority of the viruses infecting legumes are vectored by insects, and several of them are also seed transmitted, thus assuming importance in the quarantine and in the epidemiology. This review is focused on the economically important viruses of soybean, groundnut, common bean, cowpea, pigeonpea, mungbean, urdbean, chickpea, pea, faba bean, and lentil and begomovirus diseases of three minor tropical food legumes (hyacinth bean, horse gram, and lima bean). Aspects included are geographic distribution, impact on crop growth and yields, virus characteristics, diagnosis of causal viruses, disease epidemiology, and options for control. Effectiveness of selection and planting with virus-free seed, phytosanitation, manipulation of crop cultural and agronomic practices, control of virus vectors and host plant resistance, and potential of transgenic resistance for legume virus disease control are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masarapu Hema
- Department of Virology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, India
| | - Pothur Sreenivasulu
- Formerly Professor of Virology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, India
| | - Basavaprabhu L Patil
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, IARI, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - P Lava Kumar
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Dodla V R Reddy
- Formerly Principal Virologist, ICRISAT, Patancheru, Hyderabad, India.
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Ammara UE, Mansoor S, Saeed M, Amin I, Briddon RW, Al-Sadi AM. RNA interference-based resistance in transgenic tomato plants against Tomato yellow leaf curl virus-Oman (TYLCV-OM) and its associated betasatellite. Virol J 2015; 12:38. [PMID: 25890080 PMCID: PMC4359554 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-015-0263-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), a monopartite begomovirus (family Geminiviridae) is responsible for heavy yield losses for tomato production around the globe. In Oman at least five distinct begomoviruses cause disease in tomato, including TYLCV. Unusually, TYLCV infections in Oman are sometimes associated with a betasatellite (Tomato leaf curl betasatellite [ToLCB]; a symptom modulating satellite). RNA interference (RNAi) can be used to develop resistance against begomoviruses at either the transcriptional or post-transcriptional levels. RESULTS A hairpin RNAi (hpRNAi) construct to express double-stranded RNA homologous to sequences of the intergenic region, coat protein gene, V2 gene and replication-associated gene of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus-Oman (TYLCV-OM) was produced. Initially, transient expression of the hpRNAi construct at the site of virus inoculation was shown to reduce the number of plants developing symptoms when inoculated with either TYLCV-OM or TYLCV-OM with ToLCB-OM to Nicotiana benthamiana or tomato. Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Pusa Ruby was transformed with the hpRNAi construct and nine confirmed transgenic lines were obtained and challenged with TYLCV-OM and ToLCB-OM by Agrobacterium-mediated inoculation. For all but one line, for which all plants remained symptomless, inoculation with TYLCV-OM led to a proportion (≤25%) of tomato plants developing symptoms of infection. For inoculation with TYLCV-OM and ToLCB-OM all lines showed a proportion of plants (≤45%) symptomatic. However, for all infected transgenic plants the symptoms were milder and virus titre in plants was lower than in infected non-transgenic tomato plants. CONCLUSIONS These results show that RNAi can be used to develop resistance against geminiviruses in tomato. The resistance in this case is not immunity but does reduce the severity of infections and virus titer. Also, the betasatellite may compromise resistance, increasing the proportion of plants which ultimately show symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Um e Ammara
- Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agriculture and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box-34, 123, Al-Khod, Oman.
| | - Shahid Mansoor
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), P O Box 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Saeed
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), P O Box 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Imran Amin
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), P O Box 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Rob W Briddon
- Agricultural Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), P O Box 577, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Abdullah Mohammed Al-Sadi
- Department of Crop Sciences, College of Agriculture and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box-34, 123, Al-Khod, Oman.
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Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) has emerged as a leading technology in designing genetically modified crops engineered to resist viral infection. The last decades have seen the development of a large number of crops whose inherent posttranscriptional gene silencing mechanism has been exploited to target essential viral genes through the production of dsRNA that triggers an endogenous RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), leading to gene silencing in susceptible viruses conferring them with resistance even before the onset of infection. Selection and breeding events have allowed for establishing this highly important agronomic trait in diverse crops. With improved techniques and the availability of new data on genetic diversity among several viruses, significant progress is being made in engineering plants using RNAi with the release of a number of commercially available crops. Biosafety concerns with respect to consumption of RNAi crops, while relevant, have been addressed, given the fact that experimental evidence using miRNAs associated with the crops shows that they do not pose any health risk to humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrazak B Ibrahim
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, LEG, PqEB W5 Norte, 70770-917, Brasília, DF, Brazil
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13
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Ye J, Qu J, Mao HZ, Ma ZG, Rahman NEB, Bai C, Chen W, Jiang SY, Ramachandran S, Chua NH. Engineering geminivirus resistance in Jatropha curcus. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2014; 7:149. [PMID: 25352912 PMCID: PMC4210599 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-014-0149-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Jatropha curcus is a good candidate plant for biodiesel production in tropical and subtropical regions. However, J. curcus is susceptible to the geminivirus Indian cassava mosaic virus (ICMV), and frequent viral disease outbreaks severely limit productivity. Therefore the development of J. curcus to carry on durable virus resistance remains crucial and poses a major biotechnological challenge. RESULTS We generated transgenic J. curcus plants expressing a hairpin, double-stranded (ds) RNA with sequences homologous to five key genes of ICMV-Dha strain DNA-A, which silences sequence-related viral genes thereby conferring ICMV resistance. Two rounds of virus inoculation were conducted via vacuum infiltration of ICMV-Dha. The durability and heritability of resistance conferred by the dsRNA was further tested to ascertain that T1 progeny transgenic plants were resistant to the ICMV-SG strain, which shared 94.5% nucleotides identity with the ICMV-Dha strain. Quantitative PCR analysis showed that resistant transgenic lines had no detectable virus. CONCLUSIONS In this study we developed transgenic J. curcus plants to include a resistance to prevailing geminiviruses in Asia. These virus-resistant transgenic J. curcus plants can be used in various Jatropha breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ye
- />Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, NO.1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604 Singapore
- />State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, NO.1 Beichen West Road, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Jing Qu
- />Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, NO.1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604 Singapore
| | - Hui-Zhu Mao
- />Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, NO.1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604 Singapore
| | - Zhi-Gang Ma
- />Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, NO.1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604 Singapore
| | - Nur Estya Binte Rahman
- />Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, NO.1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604 Singapore
| | - Chao Bai
- />State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, NO.1 Beichen West Road, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Wen Chen
- />Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, NO.1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604 Singapore
| | - Shu-Ye Jiang
- />Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, NO.1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604 Singapore
| | - Srinivasan Ramachandran
- />Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, NO.1 Research Link, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117604 Singapore
| | - Nam-Hai Chua
- />Laboratory of Plant Molecular Biology, Rockefeller University, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021 USA
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14
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Chen W, Qian Y, Wu X, Sun Y, Wu X, Cheng X. Inhibiting replication of begomoviruses using artificial zinc finger nucleases that target viral-conserved nucleotide motif. Virus Genes 2014; 48:494-501. [PMID: 24474330 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-014-1041-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Geminiviridae consists of a large group of single-stranded DNA viruses that cause tremendous losses worldwide. Frequent mixed infection and high rates of recombination and mutation allow them to adapt rapidly to new hosts and overcome hosts' resistances. Therefore, an effective strategy able to confer plants with resistance against multiple begomoviruses is needed. In the present study, artificial zinc finger proteins were designed based on a conserved sequence motif of begomoviruses. DNA-binding affinities and specificities of these artificial zinc fingers were evaluated using electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Artificial zinc finger nuclease (AZFNs) were then constructed based on the ones with the highest DNA-binding affinities. In vitro digest and transient expression assay showed that these AZFNs can efficiently cleave the target sequence and inhibit the replication of different begomoviruses. These results suggest that artificial zinc finger protein technology may be used to achieve resistance against multiple begomoviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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15
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Delay in virus accumulation and low virus transmission from transgenic rice plants expressing Rice tungro spherical virus RNA. Virus Genes 2012; 45:350-9. [PMID: 22826155 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-012-0787-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Rice tungro, a devastating viral disease of rice in South and Southeast Asia, is caused by the joint infection of a DNA virus, Rice tungro bacilliform virus (RTBV) and an RNA virus Rice tungro spherical virus (RTSV). RTBV and RTSV are transmitted exclusively by the insect vector Green leafhopper (GLH). RTSV is necessary for the transmission of RTBV. To obtain transgenic resistance against RTSV, indica rice plants were transformed using DNA constructs designed to express an untranslatable sense or anti-sense RTSV RNA. Progeny of primary transformants showing low copies of the integrated transgenes and accumulating the corresponding transcripts at low levels were challenged with viruliferous GLH. Three out of four transgenic plant lines expressing untranslatable RTSV RNA in the sense orientation and two out of the four lines expressing an RTSV gene in the anti-sense orientation showed delayed buildup of RTSV RNA over time. Transmission of RTBV from the above lines was reduced significantly.
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