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P. P, Shetty U, Parida P, Varamballi P, Mukhopadhyay C, N S. Molecular detection and genotyping of HMPV in patients with severe acute respiratory infection in India. Ann Med 2024; 56:2398719. [PMID: 39221771 PMCID: PMC11370674 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2024.2398719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a common respiratory pathogen that causes respiratory tract infections. In India, HMPV has been identified as one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in infants and young children with respiratory tract infections. The most reported sublineages of HMPV in India are B1, B2, A2b and A2c. OBJECTIVE A retrospective study was conducted to determine the circulating genotypes of HMPV among SARI cases from January 2016 to December 2018. MATERIALS AND METHODS Positive throat swab samples were confirmed with real-time RT-PCR. Subsequently, these samples were analysed using semi-nested conventional RT-PCR targeting the G gene, followed by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Clinical data analysis was also performed using SPSS 15.0 software. RESULTS All 20 samples from the SARI cases were classified under the A2c sublineage of HMPV. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that these strains were genetically related to those circulating in Japan, China, and Croatia. Among the samples, ten showed 111-nucleotide duplications, while the other ten had 180-nucleotide duplications. CONCLUSION Clinical analysis showed that four cases had coinfections with other pathogens. Our extensive analysis of patient samples determined that HMPV, especially the A2c genotype, significantly contributed to SARI cases within our study population, which signifies the importance of considering HMPV as a probable aetiological agent when investigating SARI outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pragathi P.
- Manipal Institute of Virology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Ujwal Shetty
- Manipal Institute of Virology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Preetiparna Parida
- Manipal Institute of Virology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Prasad Varamballi
- Manipal Institute of Virology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | | | - Sudheesh N
- Manipal Institute of Virology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
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Parida P, N S, E R S, Jagadesh A, Marate S, Govindakaranavar A. The emergence of human metapneumovirus G gene duplication in hospitalized patients with respiratory tract infection, India, 2016-2018. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:1109-1116. [PMID: 36399244 PMCID: PMC9889522 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08092-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) belongs to the family Pneumoviridae. It is one of the emerging respiratory viruses causing both upper and lower respiratory tract illnesses. HMPV has two genotypes: A and B. These genotypes are classified into lineage A1, A2, B1 and B2. Lineage-A2 is further classified as A2a, A2b and A2c. Similarly, B2 is classified as B2a and B2b. Studies have shown the circulation of A2b, B1 and B2 lineages in India. However, a limited amount of data is available on the current circulating genotypes of HMPV in India. METHODS Throat swab samples positive for HMPV by real-time RT- PCR, archived at Manipal Institute of Virology as a part of a hospital-based acute febrile illness surveillance study, was used from April 2016 to August 2018 by purposive sampling method. We performed the conventional reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction for twenty samples targeting the G gene and then subjected them to sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis was done using MEGA X software by the Maximum Likelihood method. RESULTS All the twenty sequences belonged to the A2c subgroup. Phylogenetic analysis showed that strains from the study have genetic relation with circulating strains in Japan, China and Croatia. Seven out of the twenty sequences showed 180-nucleotide duplication and eleven sequences showed 111-nucleotide duplication. Two sequences did not show any duplications. CONCLUSION In the current study, we report that A2c is the sub-lineage in India from April 2016 to August 2018. This study is the first retrospective study reporting the circulation of the A2c sub-lineage among adults in India with 180- and 111-nucleotide duplications in the G gene of human metapneumovirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preetiparna Parida
- Manipal Institute of Virology (MIV), Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Sudheesh N
- Manipal Institute of Virology (MIV), Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
| | - Sanjay E R
- Manipal Institute of Virology (MIV), Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Anitha Jagadesh
- Manipal Institute of Virology (MIV), Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Srilatha Marate
- Manipal Institute of Virology (MIV), Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Arunkumar Govindakaranavar
- Manipal Institute of Virology (MIV), Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
- , 2-49, Vaikathu, Maratithota Road, MooduAthradi, Athradi PO, Udupi, Karnataka, 576107, India.
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Global Extension and Predominance of Human Metapneumovirus A2 Genotype with Partial G Gene Duplication. Viruses 2022; 14:v14051058. [PMID: 35632799 PMCID: PMC9146545 DOI: 10.3390/v14051058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is an important respiratory pathogen and is divided in two main groups (A and B). HMPV strains with partial duplications (111-nt and 180-nt duplication) of the G gene have been reported in recent years. Since the initial reports, viruses with these characteristics have been reported in several countries. We analyzed all complete HMPV G gene ectodomain sequences available at GenBank to determine if viruses with 111-nt or 180-nt duplication have become the leading HMPV strains worldwide, and to describe their temporal and geographic distribution. We identified 1462 sequences that fulfilled study criteria (764 HMPV A and 698 HMPV B) reported from 37 countries. The most frequent HMPV A genotype was A2b2 (n = 366), and the most frequent B genotype was B2 (n = 374). A total of 84 sequences contained the 111-nt duplication, and 90 sequences contained the 180-nt duplication. Since 2016, viruses with a partial duplication comprise the most frequent HMPV A sequences globally and have displaced other HMPV A viruses in Asia, Europe, and South America; no sequences of viruses with partial duplication have been reported in North America or Africa so far. Continued surveillance of HMPV is required to identify the emergence and spread of epidemiologically relevant variants.
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Stein M, Cohen H, Nemet I, Atari N, Kliker L, Fratty IS, Bucris E, Geva M, Mendelson E, Zuckerman N, Mandelboim M. Human metapneumovirus prevalence during 2019-2021 in Israel is influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Infect Dis 2022; 120:205-209. [PMID: 35472530 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare infection rates and circulating subtypes of human metapneumovirus (hMPV) before (2019-2020) and after the emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) (2021) in Israel. METHODS In total, 12,718 respiratory samples were collected from hospitalized patients of all ages during the years 2019 to 2021 at the Sheba Medical Center in Israel and subjected to reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis. In addition, whole-genome sequencing was performed to characterize the subtypes of hMPV circulating in Israel between 2019 and 2021. RESULTS A total of 481 samples were found positive for hMPV. Before the emergence of COVID-19, hMPV peaked in winter months and declined thereafter. In sharp contrast, during the COVID-19 pandemic, we observed a delayed peak in hMPV infection cases and higher infection of young children. Viral sequencing showed a shift in the most prevalent circulating hMPV strain from A2b to B1 during the years 2019, 2020, and 2021. CONCLUSION Compared with the years before the COVID-19 pandemic, in 2021, hMPV mostly affected young children, and the most prevalent circulating subtype shifted from A2b in 2019 to B1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Stein
- Pediatric Infectious Disease Unit, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - Hodaya Cohen
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health and Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Ital Nemet
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health and Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Nofar Atari
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health and Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Limor Kliker
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health and Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Ilana S Fratty
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health and Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Efrat Bucris
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health and Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Miranda Geva
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health and Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Ella Mendelson
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel; Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health and Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Neta Zuckerman
- Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health and Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Michal Mandelboim
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel; Central Virology Laboratory, Public Health Services, Ministry of Health and Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.
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Hindupur A, Menon T, Dhandapani P. Molecular investigation of human metapneumovirus in children with acute respiratory infections in Chennai, South India, from 2016-2018. Braz J Microbiol 2022; 53:655-661. [PMID: 35118597 PMCID: PMC9151977 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00689-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) has emerged as a frequent cause of acute respiratory infections (ARI) among young children. The prevalence and genetic diversity of hMPV circulating in Chennai, Southern India, has not been studied yet. Hence, this study was aimed to investigate the prevalence, co-infection with other respiratory viruses like HRSV A and B, influenza A and B, hRV and HPIV 1-4 viruses, socio-demographic associations, and genotypes of hMPV among children in Chennai. A total of 350 nasal swab specimens were collected from children with ARI during April 2016 to August 2018 and tested for hMPV by real time PCR method. In this study, hMPV was detected in 4% (14/350) of the samples. One hMPV positive sample was found to be co-infected with influenza B virus. The mean and median ages of the children with hMPV infection were 61.5 months (5.1 years) and 83 months (6.9 years), respectively. Phylogenetic analysis of the partial F gene revealed the presence of A2c subcluster among the study strains as well as with B1 and B2 lineages. The prevalence data obtained in this study is important in evaluating the role of hMPV in childhood ARI and emphasizes the importance of routine viral diagnosis in hospitals. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report the prevalence, seasonality, and genetic diversity of hMPV in Chennai as well as the first study to report A2c subcluster of hMPV among children in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusha Hindupur
- grid.413015.20000 0004 0505 215XDepartment of Microbiology, Dr. ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Thangam Menon
- Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu India
| | - Prabu Dhandapani
- grid.413015.20000 0004 0505 215XDepartment of Microbiology, Dr. ALM Post Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu India
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Korsun NS, Angelova SG, Trifonova IT, Voleva SE, Grigorova IG, Tzotcheva IS, Mileva SD, Perenovska PI. The Prevalence and Genetic Characterization of Human Metapneumovirus in Bulgaria, 2016-2019. Intervirology 2021; 64:194-202. [PMID: 34304230 DOI: 10.1159/000516821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We investigated the prevalence of human metapneumovirus (hMPV) among patients with acute respiratory infections in Bulgaria, and performed genetic characterization of the F gene of these strains. METHODS Nasopharyngeal swabs collected from patients of a range of ages were tested by using real-time PCR for 12 respiratory viruses. The F gene was sequenced, and phylogenetic and amino acid analyses of the F gene/protein were performed. RESULTS A total of 1,842 patients were examined during a 3-year period; 1,229 patients (66.7%) were positive for at least one respiratory virus. hMPV was identified in 83 (4.5%) patient samples. Eleven (13%) of hMPV-positive patients were coinfected with another respiratory virus. The hMPV incidence rate in the 2016/2017, 2017/2018, and 2018/2019 winter seasons was 5.4, 5.4, and 3.1%, respectively. hMPV was mainly detected in specimens collected between January and May (89.2% of cases). The incidence of hMPV infection was highest (5.1%) among the youngest age-group (0-4 years), where hMPV was a causative agent in 8.1 and 4.8% of bronchiolitis and pneumonia cases, respectively. Among the patients aged ≥5 years, hMPV was detected in 2.2 and 3.2% of cases of pneumonia and central nervous system infections, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis of the F gene showed that the sequenced hMPV strains belonged to the A2b, B1, and B2 genotypes. Numerous amino acid substitutions were identified compared with the NL00/1 prototype strain. CONCLUSION This study revealed the significant role of hMPV as a causative agent of serious respiratory illnesses in early childhood, and also demonstrated year-to-year changes in hMPV prevalence and genetic diversity in circulating strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neli S Korsun
- Department of Virology, National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Svetla G Angelova
- Department of Virology, National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ivelina T Trifonova
- Department of Virology, National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Silvia E Voleva
- Department of Virology, National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Iliana G Grigorova
- Department of Virology, National Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Iren S Tzotcheva
- Pediatric Clinic, University Hospital Alexandrovska, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Sirma D Mileva
- Pediatric Clinic, University Hospital Alexandrovska, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Penka I Perenovska
- Pediatric Clinic, University Hospital Alexandrovska, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Sarkar S, Ratho RK, Singh M, Singh MP, Singh A, Sharma M. Comparative analysis of epidemiology, clinical features and cytokine response of Respiratory Syncytial and Human Metapneumovirus infected children with acute lower respiratory infections. Jpn J Infect Dis 2021; 75:56-62. [PMID: 34193665 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2021.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Both Human Respiratory Syncytial virus (RSV) and Human Metapneumovirus (hMPV) cause immune-mediated under-five acute respiratory infections (ARI), but differences in their disease pathogenesis, if any, are not well-known. This study was undertaken to analyze the epidemio-clinico-immunological features of RSV and hMPV infections. Naso-pharyngeal aspirates from children (aged two months to five years) with ARI presenting to our tertiary care center between December 2013 to March 2016 were subjected to real-time polymerase chain reaction for detection of RSV and hMPV. Positive samples were analyzed for co-infections and levels of cytokines. Of 349 naso-pharyngeal aspirates, RSV was detected in 40.68% (142/349), hMPV in 6.59% (23/349) and both in 1.4% (5/349). Co-infections were common, rhinovirus being the commonest co-offender. The demographical and clinical parameters of RSV- and hMPV-infected children were comparable. MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio was significantly higher in RSV-mediated ARI and IFN-γ in hMPV-mediated ARI. Both RSV and hMPV are common among north Indian children with ARI and coinfections are not uncommon. Their clinical features being non-discriminatory, molecular diagnosis should be utilized to ascertain their individual epidemiology. The differences in their immune-pathogenesis (MMP-9/TIMP-1 ratio in RSV and IFN-γ in hMPV) could serve as useful tools for developing newer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhabrata Sarkar
- Department of Virology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, India
| | - Radha Kanta Ratho
- Department of Virology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, India
| | - Meenu Singh
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, Advanced Pediatrics Centre, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, India
| | - Mini Pritam Singh
- Department of Virology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, India
| | - Amarjeet Singh
- School and Public Health, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, India
| | - Megha Sharma
- Department of Virology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, India
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Perchetti GA, Wilcox N, Chu HY, Katz J, Khatry SK, LeClerq SC, Tielsch JM, Jerome KR, Englund JA, Kuypers J. Human Metapneumovirus Infection and Genotyping of Infants in Rural Nepal. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2021; 10:408-416. [PMID: 33137178 DOI: 10.1093/jpids/piaa118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute respiratory tract infections are a serious clinical burden in infants; human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is an important etiological agent. We investigated genotypic variation and molecular epidemiological patterns among infants infected with HMPV in Sarlahi, Nepal, to better characterize infection in a rural, low-resource setting. METHODS Between May 2011 and April 2014, mid-nasal swabs were collected from 3528 infants who developed respiratory symptoms during a longitudinal maternal influenza vaccine study. Sequencing glycoprotein genes permitted genotyping and analyses among subtypes. RESULTS HMPV was detected by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in 187 (5%) infants, with seasonality observed during fall and winter months. Phylogenetic investigation of complete and partial coding sequences for the F and G genes, respectively, revealed that 3 genotypes were circulating: A2, B1, and B2. HMPV-B was most frequently detected with a single type predominating each season. Both HMPV genotypes exhibited comparable median viral loads. Clinically significant differences between genotypes were limited to increased cough duration and general respiratory symptoms for type B. CONCLUSIONS In rural Nepal, multiple HMPV genotypes circulate simultaneously with an alternating predominance of a single genotype and definitive seasonality. No difference in viral load was detected by genotype and symptom severity was not correlated with RT-PCR cycle threshold or genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garrett A Perchetti
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Naomi Wilcox
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Helen Y Chu
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Joanne Katz
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Subarna K Khatry
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Nepal Nutrition Intervention Project Sarlahi, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Steven C LeClerq
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Nepal Nutrition Intervention Project Sarlahi, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - James M Tielsch
- Department of Global Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Keith R Jerome
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Janet A Englund
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jane Kuypers
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Kenmoe S, Vernet MA, Penlap Beng V, Vabret A, Njouom R. Phylogenetic variability of Human Metapneumovirus in patients with acute respiratory infections in Cameroon, 2011–2014. J Infect Public Health 2020; 13:606-612. [PMID: 31530440 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2019.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Zhou Z, Zhang P, Cui Y, Zhang Y, Qin X, Li R, Liu P, Dou Y, Wang L, Zhao Y. Experiments Investigating the Competitive Growth Advantage of Two Different Genotypes of Human Metapneumovirus: Implications for the Alternation of Genotype Prevalence. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2852. [PMID: 32071381 PMCID: PMC7029021 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59150-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is an important pathogen that causes upper and lower respiratory tract infections in children worldwide. hMPV has two major genotypes, hMPV-A and hMPV-B. Epidemiological studies have shown that the two hMPV genotypes alternate in predominance worldwide in recent years. Co-circulation of the two genotypes of hMPV was usually observed and there is no study about the interaction between them, such as competitive replication, which maybe the possible mechanisms for alternating prevalence of subtypes. Our present study have used two different genotypes of hMPV (genotype A: NL/1/00; B: NL/1/99) in different proportions in animal model (BALB/c mice) and cell model (Vero-E6) separately. The result showed that the competitive growth does exist in BALB/c mice, genotype B had a strong competitive advantage. However, genotype B did not cause more severe disease than non-predominant (genotype A) or mixed strains in the study, which were evaluated by the body weight, airway hyperresponsiveness and lung pathology of mouse. In cell model, competitive growth and the two genotypes alternately prevalence were observed. In summary, we confirmed that there was a competitive replication between hMPV genotype A and B, and no difference in disease severity caused by the two subtypes. This study shows a new insight to understand the alternation of hMPV genotype prevalence through genotype competition and provide experimental evidence for disease control and vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhou
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders; China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Pan Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders; China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Yuxia Cui
- Department of Pediatrics, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guizhou, 550002, China
| | - Yongbo Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders; China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Xian Qin
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders; China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Rongpei Li
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders; China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders; China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Ying Dou
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders; China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Lijia Wang
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders; China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Yao Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Research Institute; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders; China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China. .,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing, 400014, China.
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Jagusic M, Slovic A, Ivancic-Jelecki J, Ljubin-Sternak S, Vilibić-Čavlek T, Tabain I, Forcic D. Molecular epidemiology of human respiratory syncytial virus and human metapneumovirus in hospitalized children with acute respiratory infections in Croatia, 2014-2017. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2019; 76:104039. [PMID: 31521788 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.104039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Acute respiratory infection (ARI) is the most common infection in children under 5 years of age and it is frequently caused by two pneumoviruses, human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) and human metapneumovirus (HMPV). Epidemic seasons of these viruses overlap and disease manifestations are highly similar, including severe lower ARI such as bronchiolitis or pneumonia. Reinfections with pneumoviruses are frequent and limited prevention treatment is available. Genetic diversity of HRSV and HMPV strains circulating in Croatia was monitored during four consecutive years (2014-2017). Co-circulation of multiple lineages was observed for both viruses. Within HRSV group A, ON1 strains gained strong predominance during the 4-year period, while previously dominant genotype NA1 was detected only sporadically. Similarly, newly occurring HMPV genotype A2c gained predominance over genotype A2b during this period, resulting in all infection in 2017 being caused by A2c. Along with phylogenetic analysis based on the commonly used fragments for detection and genotyping of these viruses, full length G and SH genes were also analysed. Evolutionary dynamics showed that inferred substitution rates of HRSV and HMPV are between 2.51 × 10-3 and 3.61 × 10-3 substitutions/site/year. This study established presence of recently described HMPV strains containing large duplications in the G gene in Croatia. Viruses with either of the two duplications belong to a subcluster A2c, which has completely replaced all other group A subclusters in 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jagusic
- Centre for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; Center of Excellence for Viral Immunology and Vaccines, CERVirVac, Croatia
| | - A Slovic
- Centre for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; Center of Excellence for Viral Immunology and Vaccines, CERVirVac, Croatia.
| | - J Ivancic-Jelecki
- Centre for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; Center of Excellence for Viral Immunology and Vaccines, CERVirVac, Croatia
| | - S Ljubin-Sternak
- Dr. Andrija Štampar Teaching Institute of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia; University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - T Vilibić-Čavlek
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia; Croatian National Institute of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - I Tabain
- Croatian National Institute of Public Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - D Forcic
- Centre for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; Center of Excellence for Viral Immunology and Vaccines, CERVirVac, Croatia
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Jallow MM, Fall A, Kiori D, Sy S, Goudiaby D, Barry MA, Fall M, Niang MN, Dia N. Epidemiological, clinical and genotypic features of human Metapneumovirus in patients with influenza-like illness in Senegal, 2012 to 2016. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:457. [PMID: 31117983 PMCID: PMC6532257 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-4096-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a causal agent of acute respiratory infection, especially in primarily children. At the clinical level, HMPV is associated to several diseases including bronchitis, croup, pneumonia, bronchiolitis, reactive airway disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma exacerbations, specifically in children less than 5 years. Here, we carried out a retrospective pilot study, based on the processing of nasopharyngeal swabs, with a focus on the epidemiology and molecular characteristics of HMPV in Senegal. METHODS This retrospective study was conducted from January 2012 to December 2016. Briefly, all outpatients presenting to healthcare sentinel sites were screened for surveillance enrollment and included if they met criteria for ILI. Naso-oropharyngeal swabs were collected from eligible participants. For viral respiratory pathogens detection, including HMPV, the Anyplex™ II RV16 Detection kit was used. A fragment of the hMPV F gene was targeted for sequencing. RESULTS In total, 8209 patients with ILI were enrolled. Half of them (49.7%) were children under 5 years. Fever was the most common symptom followed by cough, and rhinitis. Three hundred eight patients were positive for HMPV (3.75%). 89 (28.9%) were detected as single infection. In co-infection cases, the most common co-infecting viruses were influenza, adenovirus and rhinovirus. HMPV detection rates in the different age groups varied significantly with the children under 5 years group accounting for 71.7% of positive patients. The temporal distribution pattern for HMPV infection showed a clear seasonal pattern with a higher activity during the rainy period (July-September). Phylogenetic analyses revealed that HMPV specimens circulating in Senegal were distributed into the two main genetic lineages, A and B. We also noted a co-circulation of both genetic lineages during the whole study period except in 2014. CONCLUSION In summary, the present study characterized the recent prevalence, seasonality and genetic diversity of HMPV in a large outpatient population presented with ILI in Senegal between 2012 and 2016. Globally our results show a clear seasonal circulation pattern of HMPV in Senegal. Our findings identified children less than 5 years as more susceptible group to HMPV infection. Molecular studies identified A2, B1 and B2 as the major genotypes circulating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamadou Malado Jallow
- Département de Virologie, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, 36, Avenue Pasteur, B.P. 220, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Amary Fall
- Département de Virologie, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, 36, Avenue Pasteur, B.P. 220, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Davy Kiori
- Département de Virologie, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, 36, Avenue Pasteur, B.P. 220, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Sara Sy
- Département de Virologie, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, 36, Avenue Pasteur, B.P. 220, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Déborah Goudiaby
- Département de Virologie, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, 36, Avenue Pasteur, B.P. 220, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Mamadou Aliou Barry
- Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Unité d’Epidémiologie des maladies infectieuses, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Malick Fall
- Département de Biologie, Animale Faculté des Sciences et Techniques Université Cheikh Anta DIOP de Dakar, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Mbayame Ndiaye Niang
- Département de Virologie, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, 36, Avenue Pasteur, B.P. 220, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Ndongo Dia
- Département de Virologie, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, 36, Avenue Pasteur, B.P. 220, Dakar, Sénégal
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Rahman MZ, Sumiya M, Sahabuddin M, Pell LG, Gubbay JB, Rahman R, Momtaz F, Azmuda N, Shanta SS, Jahan I, Rahman M, Mahmud AA, Roth DE, Morris SK. Genetic characterization of human metapneumovirus identified through community and facility-based surveillance of infants in Dhaka, Bangladesh. J Med Virol 2018; 91:549-554. [PMID: 30372530 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute respiratory infection (ARI) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children in low and middle-income countries. Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is one of the most common viral etiological agents for ARIs in children. OBJECTIVES In this study, we explored the genotypic diversity and the epidemiology of hMPV among infants in Dhaka, Bangladesh. STUDY DESIGN Between December 2014 and August 2016, a total of 3810 mid-turbinate nasal swab samples were collected from infants (0 to 6 months of age) who met clinical ARI criteria, as a part of a prospective ARI cohort study. hMPV was detected using polymerase chain reaction, and genotyped by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. RESULTS hMPV was identified in 206 (5.4%) nasal swab specimens. One-tenth of the hMPV-positive swabs (n = 19) were also positive for other respiratory viruses. hMPV activity peaked in January and September in 2015; however, no seasonal pattern of hMPV infection was detected. Phylogenetic analyses of the N and F gene-fragments revealed that the hMPV strains circulating in Dhaka, Bangladesh, belonged to three genotypes: A2b, A2c, and B1. Genotype A (57%) was the predominant hMPV genotype circulating in Bangladesh during the study period. CONCLUSION This study describes both the epidemiology of hMPV infection and its genotypic strain diversity in Dhaka, Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariya Sumiya
- Infectious Diseases Division (IDD), icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Lisa G Pell
- Centre for Global Child Health and Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Sick Kids Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathan B Gubbay
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rajibur Rahman
- Infectious Diseases Division (IDD), icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Farhana Momtaz
- Infectious Diseases Division (IDD), icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Nafisa Azmuda
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shaila S Shanta
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division (NCSD), icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Ishrat Jahan
- Maternal and Child Health Training Institute (MCHTI), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Abdullah A Mahmud
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division (NCSD), icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Daniel E Roth
- Centre for Global Child Health and Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Sick Kids Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shaun K Morris
- Centre for Global Child Health and Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Sick Kids Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Frequency and Molecular Typing of Human Metapneumovirus in Children with Acute Respiratory Tract Infection in Bojnurd, Northeastern Iran. ARCHIVES OF PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2018. [DOI: 10.5812/pedinfect.12552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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15
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Tang JW, Lam TT, Zaraket H, Lipkin WI, Drews SJ, Hatchette TF, Heraud JM, Koopmans MP. Global epidemiology of non-influenza RNA respiratory viruses: data gaps and a growing need for surveillance. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2017; 17:e320-e326. [PMID: 28457597 PMCID: PMC7164797 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(17)30238-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Together with influenza, the non-influenza RNA respiratory viruses (NIRVs), which include respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza viruses, coronavirus, rhinovirus, and human metapneumovirus, represent a considerable global health burden, as recognised by WHO's Battle against Respiratory Viruses initiative. By contrast with influenza viruses, little is known about the contemporaneous global diversity of these viruses, and the relevance of such for development of pharmaceutical interventions. Although far less advanced than for influenza, antiviral drugs and vaccines are in different stages of development for several of these viruses, but no interventions have been licensed. This scarcity of global genetic data represents a substantial knowledge gap and impediment to the eventual licensing of new antiviral drugs and vaccines for NIRVs. Enhanced genetic surveillance will assist and boost research and development into new antiviral drugs and vaccines for these viruses. Additionally, understanding the global diversity of respiratory viruses is also part of emerging disease preparedness, because non-human coronaviruses and paramyxoviruses have been listed as priority concerns in a recent WHO research and development blueprint initiative for emerging infectious diseases. In this Personal View, we explain further the rationale for expanding the genetic database of NIRVs and emphasise the need for greater investment in this area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian W Tang
- Clinical Microbiology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, UK; Department of Infection, Inflammation and Immunity, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
| | - Tommy T Lam
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Hassan Zaraket
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology, and Microbiology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - W Ian Lipkin
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Steven J Drews
- Alberta Provincial Laboratory for Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Todd F Hatchette
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | | | - Marion P Koopmans
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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Jagušić M, Slović A, Ljubin-Sternak S, Mlinarić-Galinović G, Forčić D. Genetic diversity of human metapneumovirus in hospitalized children with acute respiratory infections in Croatia. J Med Virol 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maja Jagušić
- Centre for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology; University of Zagreb; Zagreb Croatia
- Centre of Excellence for Viral Immunology and Vaccines; CERVirVac; Croatia
| | - Anamarija Slović
- Centre for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology; University of Zagreb; Zagreb Croatia
- Centre of Excellence for Viral Immunology and Vaccines; CERVirVac; Croatia
| | - Sunčanica Ljubin-Sternak
- Teaching Institute of Public Health “Dr. Andrija Štampar,” Zagreb; Croatia
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb; Zagreb Croatia
| | | | - Dubravko Forčić
- Centre for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology; University of Zagreb; Zagreb Croatia
- Centre of Excellence for Viral Immunology and Vaccines; CERVirVac; Croatia
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Nandhini G, Sujatha S, Jain N, Dhodapkar R, Tamilarasu K, Krishnamurthy S, Biswal N. Prevalence of Human metapneumovirus infection among patients with influenza-like illness: Report from a Tertiary Care Centre, Southern India. Indian J Med Microbiol 2016; 34:27-32. [PMID: 26776115 DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.174117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human metapneumovirus (HMPV), discovered in the 21st century, has emerged as an important cause of influenza-like illness in children and adults causing mild upper respiratory tract infection to severe bronchiolitis and community-associated pneumonia. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of HMPV in the Union Territory of Puducherry, India, as part of National Influenza Surveillance Programme. MATERIALS AND METHODS From November 2011 to December 2013, a total of 447 nasopharyngeal samples were collected from patients with acute respiratory infections and tested for HMPV RNA by real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS HMPV was identified in 23/447 (5%) samples with 11/23 in the age group of 14-30 years. Most of the HMPV infections were mild with no fatalities. Two patients were co-infected with the respiratory syncytial virus and one with influenza B virus. The seasonal distribution showed increasing HMPV infection cases in rainy months except for a peak in summer of 2012. Phylogenetic analysis based on the sequences of the nucleoprotein gene of one HMPV strain showed a high degree of sequence identity with Indian strains obtained during 2006 and 2011. CONCLUSION This study shows that HMPV infection is more common in adults than in children. Sequence homology suggests the circulation of closely related HMPV strains within the country.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S Sujatha
- Department of Microbiology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
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Panda S, Mohakud NK, Suar M, Kumar S. Etiology, seasonality, and clinical characteristics of respiratory viruses in children with respiratory tract infections in Eastern India (Bhubaneswar, Odisha). J Med Virol 2016; 89:553-558. [PMID: 27509268 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in young children in low and middle income countries. To analyse the overall burden of respiratory viruses responsible for ARTIs in paediatrics population in eastern India, this study was performed. Clinical information, demographic information and nasal/oral swabs were collected from 332 paediatric patients (aged from 1 month to 12 years old) with the symptoms of ARTI, enrolled from the outpatient department from Nov 2012 to Oct 2014. Multiplex PCR was performed to detect eight respiratory viral pathogens. Seasonal, as well as age-wise prevalence of respiratory viruses was analysed. Of these 332 cases, 32.53% (108/332) were positive for at least one pathogen. Human rhinovirus (HRV) was the most frequently detected pathogen (24.7%, 82/332) followed by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (4.22%, 14/332), PIV (2.11%, 7/332), and hMPV (2.11%, 7/332). Single infection was detected in 92.6% (100/108) of positive cases. Respiratory virus infections showed seasonal variation, with peaks during the rainy season followed by winter season, and were most common in patients under 1 year of age. Phylogenetic analysis of HMPV positive samples confirmed the circulation of A2 subgroup in the study area. The present study is first of its kind and adds to our knowledge of the epidemiological characteristics of these common respiratory viruses among patients with ARTIs in the study area. J. Med. Virol. 89:553-558, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swagatika Panda
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Campus-XI, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India
| | - Nirmal Kumar Mohakud
- Department of Pediatrics, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, KIIT University, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India
| | - Mrutyunjay Suar
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Campus-XI, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India
| | - Subrat Kumar
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Campus-XI, Patia, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India
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Phylogenetic analysis of human metapneumovirus detected in hospitalized patients in Kuwait during the years 2009-2011. J Infect Public Health 2015; 8:448-57. [PMID: 25773766 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2015.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2014] [Revised: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is an important cause of both upper and lower respiratory tract infections (RTIs) in all age groups. Children, elderly, and immunocompromised individuals are the most affected groups. HMPV infection accounts for 5% of hospitalized patients with respiratory tract infections in Kuwait. It is mostly detected among infants and elderly age groups, and both hMPV genotypes A and B circulate in Kuwait. METHODS In this study, the genetic diversity of detected hMPV was evaluated, and a phylogenetic analysis based on partial nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the G gene was performed for hMPV detected among hospitalized patients with RTIs. RESULTS Our results showed that 62% of hMPV sequences belonged to the A genotype and 38% to the B genotype. A2b and B2 subtypes were detected and circulated during the study period, whereas A1 and B1 subtypes were not detected. Based on nucleotide sequences of the G gene, most of hMPV strains (57%) were clustered with Indian strains, followed by Greek strains (24%) and Canadian strains (14%). One strain (5%) clustered within the B genotype but had different branches than B1 and B2 branches. CONCLUSION Our data showed the co-circulation of hMPV genotypes A2b and B2 in Kuwait with genetic diversity suggestive of evolution through negative selection.
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Biswas D, Yadav K, Borkakoty B, Mahanta J, Bansal PG, Toteja GS, Suman R, Gautam P, Sharma N, Sharma M, Choudhary S. Research Letters. Indian Pediatr 2015; 51:931-2. [DOI: 10.1007/s13312-014-0533-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Neemuchwala A, Duvvuri VR, Marchand-Austin A, Li A, Gubbay JB. Human metapneumovirus prevalence and molecular epidemiology in respiratory outbreaks in Ontario, Canada. J Med Virol 2014; 87:269-74. [PMID: 25091145 PMCID: PMC7166527 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) has been identified previously as a cause of respiratory outbreaks in adults, including the elderly. The objective of this study was to document respiratory outbreaks that were caused by hMPV in Ontario, Canada and to identify the various circulating genotypes during April 2009–February 2012. The majority of the outbreaks that were part of this study were in adults (>65 years). Total nucleic acid extraction was done on 123 residual anonymized clinical specimens from 51 different respiratory outbreaks. Specimens were subjected to PCR amplification and Sanger sequencing targeting the F and G genes of hMPV. Phylogenetic analysis was performed to identify genotypes. HMPV accounted for 195 (8.5%) of 2,292 respiratory outbreaks. Genotype A2b was most prevalent, detected in 28 (54.9%) of 51 typed hMPV‐positive outbreaks. The genotype A2b2 that was described recently was also identified. In earlier reports, subtype A1 was reported in Canada which was absent in the specimens typed in this study. This shift in genotype may be significant in terms of disease severity, and for any future vaccine considerations. Regular testing for hMPV should be done as part of outbreak investigation. J. Med. Virol. 87:269–274, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alefiya Neemuchwala
- Ontario Agency for Health Protection and Promotion, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Jain B, Singh AK, Dangi T, Agarwal A, Verma AK, Dwivedi M, Singh KP, Jain A. High prevalence of human metapneumovirus subtype B in cases presenting as severe acute respiratory illness: an experience at tertiary care hospital. CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL 2014; 8:225-33. [DOI: 10.1111/crj.12064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 10/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bhawana Jain
- Department of Microbiology; King George Medical University; Lucknow India
| | - Ajay Kr Singh
- Department of Microbiology; King George Medical University; Lucknow India
| | - Tanushree Dangi
- Department of Microbiology; King George Medical University; Lucknow India
| | - Anjali Agarwal
- Department of Microbiology; King George Medical University; Lucknow India
| | - Anil Kumar Verma
- Department of Microbiology; King George Medical University; Lucknow India
| | - Mukesh Dwivedi
- Department of Microbiology; King George Medical University; Lucknow India
| | - Kaleshwar P. Singh
- Department of Microbiology; King George Medical University; Lucknow India
| | - Amita Jain
- Department of Microbiology; King George Medical University; Lucknow India
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Narayanan H, Sankar S, Simoes EAF, Nandagopal B, Sridharan G. Molecular detection of human metapneumovirus and human bocavirus on oropharyngeal swabs collected from young children with acute respiratory tract infections from rural and peri-urban communities in South India. Mol Diagn Ther 2013; 17:107-15. [PMID: 23559038 PMCID: PMC7099897 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-013-0030-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) are one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality among young children in developing countries. Information on the incidence of human metapneumovirus (hMPV) and human bocavirus (HBoV) infections in developing countries, especially among rural children, is very limited. Objectives This study was conducted to identify whether these viruses were associated with ARTI among children ≤5 years of age in rural and peri-urban populations in South India. Methods The study was cross-sectional with prospective sample collection. Oropharyngeal swabs were collected from children ≤5 years of age presenting with ARTI. None of the children in this study were known to have any immunosuppressive conditions. The two viruses, hMPV and HBoV, were identified using semi-nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays and one-step PCR assays, respectively. The lower limits of detection of hMPV and HBoV were 6.69 × 105 plasmid copies and 5.77 × 103 plasmid copies, respectively, per 5 μL PCR reaction input. Results The frequency of hMPV infection in children was higher than that of HBoV infection. The different frequencies of hMPV in patients in various age groups with upper and lower respiratory tract infections were compared, and the variance was found to be insignificant. In the 38 children who were hMPV positive, the majority (73.7 %) were from rural communities. The overall hMPV-positive rate was higher in the rural population than in the peri-urban population, but the difference was statistically insignificant. The youngest age at which hMPV-positive status was recorded was 5 months. Conclusion This study demonstrated that hMPV was associated with a significant number (i.e. >10 %) of ARTIs in children in South India, whereas a relatively smaller number of HBoV infections was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harikrishnan Narayanan
- Sri Sakthi Amma Institute of Biomedical Research, Sri Narayani Hospital and Research Centre, Sripuram, Vellore, 632 055 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Sathish Sankar
- Sri Sakthi Amma Institute of Biomedical Research, Sri Narayani Hospital and Research Centre, Sripuram, Vellore, 632 055 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Eric A. F. Simoes
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, The Children’s Hospital, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Balaji Nandagopal
- Sri Sakthi Amma Institute of Biomedical Research, Sri Narayani Hospital and Research Centre, Sripuram, Vellore, 632 055 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Gopalan Sridharan
- Sri Sakthi Amma Institute of Biomedical Research, Sri Narayani Hospital and Research Centre, Sripuram, Vellore, 632 055 Tamil Nadu India
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Development of real-time RT-PCR for detection of human metapneumovirus and genetic analysis of circulating strains (2009-2011) in Pune, India. Arch Virol 2013; 159:217-25. [PMID: 23929232 PMCID: PMC7087245 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-013-1812-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is an important respiratory virus implicated in respiratory infections. The purpose of this study was to develop a one-step real-time RT-PCR assay that can detect all four lineages of HMPV and to identify the HMPV lineages circulating in Pune, India. Conserved regions of the nucleoprotein gene were used to design real-time primers and a probe. A total of 224 clinical samples that were positive for different respiratory viruses (including 51 samples that were positive for HMPV) were tested using the real time RT-PCR assay, and the specificity of the assay was observed to be 100 %. Using in vitro-synthesized RNA, the sensitivity of the assay was ascertained to be 100 copies of the target gene per reaction. Phylogenetic analysis of the nucleoprotein (N) and attachment glycoprotein (G) genes confirmed that this assay detected all lineages of HMPV. A2, B1 and B2 strains were observed during the study period. Our assay is highly sensitive and specific for all known lineages of HMPV, making it a valuable tool for rapid detection of the virus. A2 and B2 were the predominant subtypes circulating in Pune, Western India.
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Analysis of Sequence Diversity of Human Metapneumovirus Collected from Young Children with Acute Respiratory Tract Infections in South India. Mol Diagn Ther 2013; 17:247-55. [DOI: 10.1007/s40291-013-0032-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Detection and genetic diversity of human metapneumovirus in hospitalized children with acute respiratory infections in Southwest China. J Clin Microbiol 2012; 50:2714-9. [PMID: 22692746 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00809-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is the main pathogen causing respiratory tract infection in susceptible populations, particularly in children and the elderly. Specimens were collected from hospitalized children with acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRTI), and the hMPV was detected by using real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR). The full-length G gene of hMPV was amplified by RT-PCR. A total of 1,410 nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPAs) were collected from April 2008 to March 2011, and 114 (10.2%) were positive for hMPV. Most hMPV-positive children were <5 years of age. The hMPV infection rate peaked in the spring-summer season of 2008 to 2009 and 2009 to 2010, while hMPV circulated predominantly during the winter-spring season of 2010 to 2011. The full-length G gene of 23 hMPV strains was amplified, and group A and B viruses accounted for 95.7% (22/23) and 4.3% (1/23), respectively. Genotype A2b of hMPV appeared to be predominant during the study period. Three genotypes (A2b, A1, and B1) were prevalent in the epidemic season of 2008 to 2009, and only genotype A2b was identified in the other two seasons (2009 to 2010 and 2010 to 2011). The G gene of hMPV was predicted to encode proteins with four different lengths, in which one with 210 amino acids was first identified in China. These findings suggest that hMPV was an important pathogen of ALRTI in pediatric patients, especially those <5 years of age. Genotype A2b of hMPV likely predominates in Southwest China, where other genotypes also circulate.
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Zhang Y, Wei Y, Li J, Li J. Development and optimization of a direct plaque assay for human and avian metapneumoviruses. J Virol Methods 2012; 185:61-8. [PMID: 22684013 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2012.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Revised: 05/25/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The genus Metapneumovirus within the subfamily Pneumovirinae and family Paramyxoviridae includes only two viruses, human metapneumovirus (hMPV) and avian metapneumovirus (aMPV), which cause respiratory disease in humans and birds, respectively. These two viruses grow poorly in cell culture and other quantitation methods, such as indirect immuno-staining and immuno-fluorescent assays, are expensive, time consuming, and do not allow for plaque purification of the virus. In order to enhance research efforts for studying these two viruses, a direct plaque assay for both hMPV and aMPV has been developed. By optimizing the chemical components of the agarose overlay, it was found that both hMPV with a trypsin-independent F cleavage site and aMPV formed clear and countable plaques in a number of mammalian cell lines (such as Vero-E6 and LLC-MK2 cells) after 5 days of incubation. The plaque forming assay has similar sensitivity and reliability as the currently used immunological methods for viral quantitation. The plaque assay is also a more simple, rapid, and economical method compared to immunological assays, and in addition allows for plaque purification of the viruses. The direct plaque assay will be a valuable method for the quantitation and evaluation of the biological properties of some metapneumoviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Regev L, Meningher T, Hindiyeh M, Mendelson E, Mandelboim M. Increase human metapneumovirus mediated morbidity following pandemic influenza infection. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34750. [PMID: 22496855 PMCID: PMC3319622 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a recently discovered respiratory pathogen, infecting mainly young children. The infected patients suffer from influenza like symptoms (ILS). In Israel the virus is mainly circulating in February to March. Here we report on an increased rate of hMPV infection in the winter season of 2009–10. The 2009–10 infection had several unique characteristics when compared to previous seasons; it started around January and a large number of infants were infected by the virus. Genetic analysis based on the viral L and F genes of hMPV showed that only subtypes A2 and B2 circulated in Israel. Additionally, we have identified a novel variant of hMPV within subgroup A2b, which subdivide it into A2b1 and A2b2. Finally, we showed that the hMPV infection was detected in the country soon after the infection with the pandemic influenza virus had declined, that infection with the pandemic influenza virus was dominant and that it interfered with the infection of other respiratory viruses. Thus, we suggest that the unusual increase in hMPV infection observed in 2009–10 was due to the appearance of the pandemic influenza virus in the winter season prior to 2009–10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liora Regev
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Tal Meningher
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Musa Hindiyeh
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Ella Mendelson
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Michal Mandelboim
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- * E-mail:
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