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Eriksen R, White MC, Dawed AY, Perez IG, Posma JM, Haid M, Sharma S, Prehn C, Thomas LE, Koivula RW, Bizzotto R, Mari A, Giordano GN, Pavo I, Schwenk JM, De Masi F, Tsirigos KD, Brunak S, Viñuela A, Mahajan A, McDonald TJ, Kokkola T, Rutters F, Beulens J, Muilwijk M, Blom M, Elders P, Hansen TH, Fernandez-Tajes J, Jones A, Jennison C, Walker M, McCarthy MI, Pedersen O, Ruetten H, Forgie I, Holst JJ, Thomsen HS, Ridderstråle M, Bell JD, Adamski J, Franks PW, Hansen T, Holmes E, Frost G, Pearson ER. The association of cardiometabolic, diet and lifestyle parameters with plasma glucagon-like peptide-1: An IMI DIRECT study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024:dgae119. [PMID: 38686701 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgae119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT The role of glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1) in Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity is not fully understood. OBJECTIVE We investigate the association of cardiometabolic, diet and lifestyle parameters on fasting and postprandial GLP-1 in people at risk of, or living with, T2D. METHOD We analysed cross-sectional data from the two Innovative Medicines Initiative (IMI) Diabetes Research on Patient Stratification (DIRECT) cohorts, cohort 1(n=2127) individuals at risk of diabetes; cohort 2 (n=789) individuals with new-onset of T2D. RESULTS Our multiple regression analysis reveals that fasting total GLP-1 is associated with an insulin resistant phenotype and observe a strong independent relationship with male sex, increased adiposity and liver fat particularly in the prediabetes population. In contrast, we showed that incremental GLP-1 decreases with worsening glycaemia, higher adiposity, liver fat, male sex and reduced insulin sensitivity in the prediabetes cohort. Higher fasting total GLP-1 was associated with a low intake of wholegrain, fruit and vegetables inpeople with prediabetes, and with a high intake of red meat and alcohol in people with diabetes. CONCLUSION These studies provide novel insights into the association between fasting and incremental GLP-1, metabolic traits of diabetes and obesity, and dietary intake and raise intriguing questions regarding the relevance of fasting GLP-1 in the pathophysiology T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Eriksen
- Section for Nutrition Research, Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Margaret C White
- Population Health & Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Adem Y Dawed
- Population Health & Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Isabel Garcia Perez
- Section for Nutrition Research, Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Joram M Posma
- Section of Bioinformatics, Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College, London, UK
- Health Data Research UK, London, UK
| | - Mark Haid
- Research Unit Molecular Endocrinology And Metabolism, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environemental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sapna Sharma
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Cornelia Prehn
- Research Unit Molecular Endocrinology And Metabolism, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environemental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Louise E Thomas
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - Robert W Koivula
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford, UK
| | - Roberto Bizzotto
- Institute of Neuroscience - National Research Council, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Mari
- Institute of Neuroscience - National Research Council, Padova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe N Giordano
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Imre Pavo
- Eli Lilly Regional Operations GmbH, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jochen M Schwenk
- Science for Life Laboratory, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Federico De Masi
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs Lyngby and The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Konstantinos D Tsirigos
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs Lyngby and The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Brunak
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs Lyngby and The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ana Viñuela
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University. Newcastle upon Tyne. United Kingdom
| | - Anubha Mahajan
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Timothy J McDonald
- Medical School, Exeter, UK NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility, University of Exeter
| | - Tarja Kokkola
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Femke Rutters
- Department of Epidemiology and data Science, Amsterdam Public Health Institute, Amsterdam UMC, location VUMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joline Beulens
- Department of Epidemiology and data Science, Amsterdam Public Health Institute, Amsterdam UMC, location VUMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mirthe Muilwijk
- Department of Epidemiology and data Science, Amsterdam Public Health Institute, Amsterdam UMC, location VUMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke Blom
- Department of Epidemiology and data Science, Amsterdam Public Health Institute, Amsterdam UMC, location VUMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Petra Elders
- Department of Epidemiology and data Science, Amsterdam Public Health Institute, Amsterdam UMC, location VUMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tue H Hansen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Angus Jones
- Medical School, Exeter, UK NIHR Exeter Clinical Research Facility, University of Exeter
| | - Chris Jennison
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Mark Walker
- Institute of Cellular Medicine (Diabetes), Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Mark I McCarthy
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hartmut Ruetten
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, R&D, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ian Forgie
- Population Health & Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Jens J Holst
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik S Thomsen
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Jimmy D Bell
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - Jerzy Adamski
- Research Unit Molecular Endocrinology And Metabolism, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environemental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
- Lehrstuhl für Experimentelle Genetik, Technische Universität München, 85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Paul W Franks
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Torben Hansen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Elaine Holmes
- Section for Nutrition Research, Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Gary Frost
- Section for Nutrition Research, Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Ewan R Pearson
- Population Health & Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
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Jones LA, Sun EW, Lumsden AL, Thorpe DW, Peterson RA, De Fontgalland D, Sposato L, Rabbitt P, Hollington P, Wattchow DA, Keating DJ. Alterations in GLP-1 and PYY release with aging and body mass in the human gut. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2023; 578:112072. [PMID: 37739120 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.112072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
The lining of our intestinal surface contains an array of hormone-producing cells that are collectively our bodies' largest endocrine cell reservoir. These "enteroendocrine" (EE) cells reside amongst the billions of absorptive epithelial and other cell types that line our gastrointestinal tract and can sense and respond to the ever-changing internal environment in our gut. EE cells release an array of important signalling molecules that can act as hormones, including glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1) and peptide YY (PYY) which are co-secreted from L cells. While much is known about the effects of these hormones on metabolism, insulin secretion and food intake, less is understood about their secretion from human intestinal tissue. In this study we assess whether GLP-1 and PYY release differs across human small and large intestinal tissue locations within the gastrointestinal tract, and/or by sex, body weight and the age of an individual. We identify that the release of both hormones is greater in more distal regions of the human colon, but is not different between sexes. We observe a negative correlation of GLP-1 and BMI in the small, but not large, intestine. Increased aging correlates with declining secretion of both GLP-1 and PYY in human large, but not small, intestine. When the data for large intestine is isolated by region, this relationship with age remains significant for GLP-1 in the ascending and descending colon and in the descending colon for PYY. This is the first demonstration that site-specific differences in GLP-1 and PYY release occur in human gut, as do site-specific relationships of L cell secretion with aging and body mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A Jones
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Emily W Sun
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Amanda L Lumsden
- Australian Centre for Precision Health, Unit of Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, and South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Daniel W Thorpe
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Rochelle A Peterson
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Dayan De Fontgalland
- Department of Surgery, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Luigi Sposato
- Department of Surgery, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Philippa Rabbitt
- Department of Surgery, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Paul Hollington
- Department of Surgery, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - David A Wattchow
- Department of Surgery, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Damien J Keating
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, 5042, Australia.
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Is vascular insulin resistance an early step in diet-induced whole-body insulin resistance? Nutr Diabetes 2022; 12:31. [PMID: 35676248 PMCID: PMC9177754 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-022-00209-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that skeletal muscle microvascular (capillary) blood flow plays an important role in glucose metabolism by increasing the delivery of glucose and insulin to the myocytes. This process is impaired in insulin-resistant individuals. Studies suggest that in diet-induced insulin-resistant rodents, insulin-mediated skeletal muscle microvascular blood flow is impaired post-short-term high fat feeding, and this occurs before the development of myocyte or whole-body insulin resistance. These data suggest that impaired skeletal muscle microvascular blood flow is an early vascular step before the onset of insulin resistance. However, evidence of this is still lacking in humans. In this review, we summarise what is known about short-term high-calorie and/or high-fat feeding in humans. We also explore selected animal studies to identify potential mechanisms. We discuss future directions aimed at better understanding the ‘early’ vascular mechanisms that lead to insulin resistance as this will provide the opportunity for much earlier screening and timing of intervention to assist in preventing type 2 diabetes.
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4
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Increased of fasting active glucagon-like peptide-1 is associated with insulin resistance in patients with hypertriglyceridemia. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13410-021-00971-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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Bray GA, Bouchard C. The biology of human overfeeding: A systematic review. Obes Rev 2020; 21:e13040. [PMID: 32515127 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This systematic review has examined more than 300 original papers dealing with the biology of overfeeding. Studies have varied from 1 day to 6 months. Overfeeding produced weight gain in adolescents, adult men and women and in older men. In longer term studies, there was a clear and highly significant relationship between energy ingested and weight gain and fat storage with limited individual differences. There is some evidence for a contribution of a genetic component to this response variability. The response to overfeeding was affected by the baseline state of the groups being compared: those with insulin resistance versus insulin sensitivity; those prone to obesity versus those resistant to obesity; and those with metabolically abnormal obesity versus those with metabolically normal obesity. Dietary components, such as total fat, polyunsaturated fat and carbohydrate influenced the patterns of adipose tissue distribution as did the history of low or normal birth weight. Overfeeding affected the endocrine system with increased circulating concentrations of insulin and triiodothyronine frequently present. Growth hormone, in contrast, was rapidly suppressed. Changes in plasma lipids were influenced by diet, exercise and the magnitude of weight gain. Adipose tissue and skeletal muscle morphology and metabolism are substantially altered by chronic overfeeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- George A Bray
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Claude Bouchard
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
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6
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Basolo A, Hohenadel M, Ang QY, Piaggi P, Heinitz S, Walter M, Walter P, Parrington S, Trinidad DD, von Schwartzenberg RJ, Turnbaugh PJ, Krakoff J. Effects of underfeeding and oral vancomycin on gut microbiome and nutrient absorption in humans. Nat Med 2020; 26:589-598. [PMID: 32235930 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-020-0801-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Direct evidence in humans for the impact of the microbiome on nutrient absorption is lacking. We conducted an extended inpatient study using two interventions that we hypothesized would alter the gut microbiome and nutrient absorption. In each, stool calorie loss, a direct proxy of nutrient absorption, was measured. The first phase was a randomized cross-over dietary intervention in which all participants underwent in random order 3 d of over- and underfeeding. The second was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pharmacologic intervention using oral vancomycin or matching placebo (NCT02037295). Twenty-seven volunteers (17 men and 10 women, age 35.1 ± 7.3, BMI 32.3 ± 8.0), who were healthy other than having impaired glucose tolerance and obesity, were enrolled and 25 completed the entire trial. The primary endpoints were the effects of dietary and pharmacological intervention on stool calorie loss. We hypothesized that stool calories expressed as percentage of caloric intake would increase with underfeeding compared with overfeeding and increase during oral vancomycin treatment. Both primary endpoints were met. Greater stool calorie loss was observed during underfeeding relative to overfeeding and during vancomycin treatment compared with placebo. Key secondary endpoints were to evaluate the changes in gut microbial community structure as evidenced by amplicon sequencing and metagenomics. We observed only a modest perturbation of gut microbial community structure with under- versus overfeeding but a more widespread change in community structure with reduced diversity with oral vancomycin. Increase in Akkermansia muciniphila was common to both interventions that resulted in greater stool calorie loss. These results indicate that nutrient absorption is sensitive to environmental perturbations and support the translational relevance of preclinical models demonstrating a possible causal role for the gut microbiome in dietary energy harvest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Basolo
- Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
| | - Maximilian Hohenadel
- Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Qi Yan Ang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Paolo Piaggi
- Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Sascha Heinitz
- Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Phoenix, AZ, USA.,Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Nephrology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG), Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mary Walter
- Clinical Core Laboratory, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Peter Walter
- Clinical Mass Spectrometry Core, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shannon Parrington
- Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Donovan D Trinidad
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Peter J Turnbaugh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA. .,Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Jonathan Krakoff
- Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
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7
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Basolo A, Heinitz S, Stinson EJ, Begaye B, Hohenadel M, Piaggi P, Krakoff J, Votruba SB. Fasting glucagon-like peptide 1 concentration is associated with lower carbohydrate intake and increases with overeating. J Endocrinol Invest 2019; 42:557-566. [PMID: 30284224 PMCID: PMC6447483 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-018-0954-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is an incretin hormone that appears to play a major role in the control of food intake. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate and quantify the association of circulating GLP-1 concentration with ad libitum total calorie and macronutrient intake. METHODS One-hundred and fifteen individuals (72 men) aged 35 ± 10 years were admitted for an inpatient study investigating the determinants of energy intake. Ad libitum food intake was assessed during 3 days using a reproducible vending machine paradigm. Fasting plasma GLP-1 concentrations were measured on the morning of the first day and on the morning of the fourth day after ad libitum feeding. RESULTS Plasma GLP-1 concentrations increased by 14% after 3 days of ad libitum food intake. Individuals overate on average 139 ± 45% of weight-maintaining energy needs. Fasting plasma GLP-1 on day 1 was negatively associated with carbohydrate intake (r = - 0.2, p = 0.03) and with daily energy intake from low fat-high simple sugar (r = - 0.22, p = 0.016). CONCLUSION Higher plasma GLP-1 concentrations prior to ad libitum food intake were associated with lower carbohydrate intake and lower simple sugar ingestion, indicating a possible role of the GLP-1 in the reward pathway regulating simple sugar intake. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00342732.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Basolo
- Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 4212 N. 16th Street, Phoenix, AZ, 85016, USA.
| | - S Heinitz
- Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 4212 N. 16th Street, Phoenix, AZ, 85016, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Nephrology, University of Leipzig, 1Liebigstr. 18, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - E J Stinson
- Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 4212 N. 16th Street, Phoenix, AZ, 85016, USA
| | - B Begaye
- Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 4212 N. 16th Street, Phoenix, AZ, 85016, USA
| | - M Hohenadel
- Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 4212 N. 16th Street, Phoenix, AZ, 85016, USA
| | - P Piaggi
- Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 4212 N. 16th Street, Phoenix, AZ, 85016, USA
| | - J Krakoff
- Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 4212 N. 16th Street, Phoenix, AZ, 85016, USA
| | - S B Votruba
- Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health (NIH), 4212 N. 16th Street, Phoenix, AZ, 85016, USA
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Wang X, Liu J, Li C, Zhao M, Liu L, Guan Q, Zhang H, Zhang X, Gao L, Zhao J, Song Y. Impaired secretion of active GLP-1 in patients with hypertriglyceridaemia: A novel lipotoxicity paradigm? Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2018; 34. [PMID: 29135069 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.2964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipotoxicity plays an important role in the pathogenesis of β-cell dysfunction. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an incretin hormone that exerts beneficial effects on the number and function of islet β cells. However, the effect of lipotoxicity on GLP-1 secretion is still unknown. METHODS Twenty-five patients who were newly diagnosed with diabetes were recruited from 400 subjects based on 75-g Oral Glucose Tolerance Test. Patients were divided into diabetes (DM) and DM combined with hypertriglyceridaemia (DM + HTG) groups according to their serum triglyceride (TG) levels. Seventy-one normal controls and 17 patients with isolated hypertriglyceridaemia were matched by age and gender. RESULTS Total and active fasting GLP-1 and 2-hour GLP-1 levels were not significantly altered among the 4 groups. However, total and active ΔGLP-1 levels (the difference between 2-hour GLP-1 and fasting GLP-1 levels) were significantly reduced in the isolated HTG, DM, and DM + HTG groups, particularly the DM + HTG group. The ratio of serum active GLP-1 (AGLP-1) to total GLP-1 (TGLP-1) levels was also decreased in patients with isolated HTG, suggesting that active GLP-1 secretion may be more seriously impaired. Both ΔTGLP-1 and ΔAGLP-1 levels were negatively correlated with serum TG levels, body mass index and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels and positively correlated with HDL-C levels. According to the multivariate linear regression analysis, only TG and FPG levels were independently associated with ΔTGLP-1 and ΔAGLP-1 levels. CONCLUSION Impaired GLP-1 secretion was associated with hypertriglyceridaemia and diabetes, and a more obvious association was noted in hypertriglyceridaemic patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxiang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Chaolin Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Meng Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Qingbo Guan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Haiqing Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Ling Gao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Scientific Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiajun Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yongfeng Song
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, China
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9
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Bomba M, Granzotto A, Castelli V, Massetti N, Silvestri E, Canzoniero LMT, Cimini A, Sensi SL. Exenatide exerts cognitive effects by modulating the BDNF-TrkB neurotrophic axis in adult mice. Neurobiol Aging 2017; 64:33-43. [PMID: 29331730 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Modulation of insulin-dependent signaling is emerging as a valuable therapeutic tool to target neurodegeneration. In the brain, the activation of insulin receptors promotes cell growth, neuronal repair, and protection. Altered brain insulin signaling participates in the cognitive decline seen in Alzheimer's disease patients and the aging brain. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) regulates insulin secretion and, along with GLP-1 analogues, enhances neurotrophic signaling and counteracts cognitive deficits in preclinical models of neurodegeneration. Moreover, recent evidence indicates that GLP-1 modulates the activity of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). In this study, in adult wild-type mice, here employed as a model of mid-life brain aging, we evaluated the effects of a 2-month treatment with exenatide, a GLP-1 analogue. We found that exenatide promotes the enhancement of long-term memory performances. Biochemical and imaging analyses show that the drug promotes the activation of the BDNF-TrkB neurotrophic axis and inhibits apoptosis by decreasing p75NTR-mediated signaling. The study provides preclinical evidence for the use of exenatide to delay age-dependent cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Bomba
- Center of Excellence on Aging and Translational Medicine - CeSI-MeT, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Alberto Granzotto
- Center of Excellence on Aging and Translational Medicine - CeSI-MeT, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Vanessa Castelli
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Noemi Massetti
- Center of Excellence on Aging and Translational Medicine - CeSI-MeT, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Elena Silvestri
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Lorella M T Canzoniero
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Annamaria Cimini
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Italy; Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine and Center for Biotechnology, Temple University, Philadelphia, USA; National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Gran Sasso National Laboratory (LNGS), Assergi, Italy
| | - Stefano L Sensi
- Center of Excellence on Aging and Translational Medicine - CeSI-MeT, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti-Pescara, Italy; Departments of Neurology and Pharmacology, Institute for Mind Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California - Irvine, Irvine, USA.
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10
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Ahmed RH, Huri HZ, Muniandy S, Al-Hamodi Z, Al-Absi B, Alsalahi A, Razif MF. Altered circulating concentrations of active glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1) and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) in obese subjects and their association with insulin resistance. Clin Biochem 2017; 50:746-749. [PMID: 28288852 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Soluble DPP4 (sDPP4) is a novel adipokine that degrades glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1). We evaluated the fasting serum levels of active GLP-1 and sDPP4 in obese, overweight and normal weight subjects to assess the association between sDPP4 levels, active GLP-1 levels and insulin resistance in obese subjects. METHODS The study involved 235 Malaysian subjects who were randomly selected (66 normal weight subjects, 97 overweight, 59 obese subjects, and 13 subjects who were underweight). Serum sDPP4 and active GLP-1 levels were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Also, body mass index kg/m2 (BMI), lipid profiles, insulin and glucose levels were evaluated. Insulin resistance (IR) was estimated via the homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). RESULTS Serum sDPP4 levels were significantly higher in obese subjects compared to normal weight subjects (p=0.034), whereas serum levels of active GLP-1 were lower (p=0.021). In obese subjects, sDPP4 levels correlated negatively with active GLP-1 levels (r2=-0.326, p=0.015). Furthermore, linear regression showed that sDPP4 levels were positively associated with insulin resistance (B=82.28, p=0.023) in obese subjects. CONCLUSION Elevated serum sDPP4 levels and reduced GLP-1 levels were observed in obese subjects. In addition, sDPP4 levels correlated negatively with active GLP-1 levels but was positively associated with insulin resistance. This finding provides evidence that sDPP4 and GLP-1 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of obesity, suggesting that sDPP4 may be valuable as an early marker for the augmented risk of obesity and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radwan H Ahmed
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Hasniza Zaman Huri
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Clinical Investigation Centre, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Sekaran Muniandy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mahsa University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Zaid Al-Hamodi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen.
| | - Boshra Al-Absi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Abdulsamad Alsalahi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Muhammad Fm Razif
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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11
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What have human experimental overfeeding studies taught us about adipose tissue expansion and susceptibility to obesity and metabolic complications? Int J Obes (Lond) 2017; 41:853-865. [PMID: 28077863 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2017.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Overfeeding experiments, in which we impose short-term positive energy balance, help unravel the cellular, physiological and behavioural adaptations to nutrient excess. These studies mimic longer-term mismatched energy expenditure and intake. There is considerable inter-individual heterogeneity in the magnitude of weight gain when exposed to similar relative caloric excess reflecting variable activation of compensatory adaptive mechanisms. Significantly, given similar relative weight gain, individuals may be protected from/predisposed to metabolic complications (insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia, hypertension), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular disease. Similar mechanistic considerations underpinning the heterogeneity of overfeeding responses are pertinent in understanding emerging metabolic phenotypes, for example, metabolically unhealthy normal weight and metabolically healthy obesity. Intrinsic and extrinsic factors modulate individuals' overfeeding response: intrinsic factors include gender/hormonal status, genetic/ethnic background, baseline metabolic health and cardiorespiratory fitness; extrinsic factors include macronutrient (fat vs carbohydrate) content, fat/carbohydrate composition and overfeeding pattern. Subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) analysis, coupled with metabolic assessment, with overfeeding have revealed how SAT remodels to accommodate excess nutrients. SAT remodelling occurs either by hyperplasia (increased adipocyte number) or by hypertrophy (increased adipocyte size). Biological responses of SAT also govern the extent of ectopic (visceral/liver) triglyceride deposition. Body composition analysis by DEXA/MRI (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry/magnetic resonance imaging) have determined the relative expansion of SAT (including abdominal/gluteofemoral SAT) vs ectopic fat with overfeeding. Such studies have contributed to the adipose expandability hypothesis whereby SAT has a finite capacity to expand (governed by intrinsic biological characteristics), and once capacity is exceeded ectopic triglyceride deposition occurs. The potential for SAT expandability confers protection from/predisposes to the adverse metabolic responses to overfeeding. The concept of a personal fat threshold suggests a large inter-individual variation in SAT capacity with ectopic depot expansion/metabolic decompensation once one's own threshold is exceeded. This review summarises insight gained from overfeeding studies regarding susceptibility to obesity and related complications with nutrient excess.
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12
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van der Stouwe JG, Aeschbacher S, Krisai P, Schoen T, Meyre P, Todd J, Estis J, Risch M, Risch L, Conen D. Plasma levels of glucagon-like peptide 1 and markers of obesity among young and healthy adults. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2015; 83:636-42. [PMID: 25865948 DOI: 10.1111/cen.12789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1)-related pathways may partially explain the strong relationship between obesity and type 2 diabetes. We therefore aimed to evaluate the relationships between fasting GLP-1 levels, body fat mass and other obesity markers in a large sample of young and healthy adults. DESIGN AND PATIENTS Our population-based study included 2096 individuals aged 24-44. Exclusion criteria were prevalent cardiovascular disease, diabetes or a body mass index (BMI) >35 kg/m(2) . Body fat mass was obtained by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Multivariable linear regression models were constructed to assess the relationships of GLP-1 with various measures of body composition. RESULTS Median age of our population was 37 years, median BMI 24·1 kg/m(2) and median body fat 25·1%. A strong positive correlation was observed in age-adjusted models between GLP-1 and fat mass in men (β (95% confidence interval) 1·38 (0·69; 2·07), P < 0·001) and women (1·27 (0·65; 1·89), P < 0·001) as well as fully adjusted models including BMI in men [0·87 (0·27; 1·46), P < 0·01] but not women [0·29 (-0·07; 0·64), P = 0·11]. The relationships of GLP-1 with BMI for men and women [0·00 (-0·34; 0·34), P = 0·99] [-0·02 (-0·28; 0·25), P = 0·91] and waist circumference [0·43 (-0·45; 1·30), P = 0·34] [0·37 (-0·44; 1·18), P = 0·37], respectively, were not significant after multivariable adjustment including fat mass. CONCLUSION Among young and healthy adults, GLP-1 levels are strongly and independently related to body fat mass especially in men but not BMI or waist circumference. These results raise the hypothesis that GLP-1 may be implicated in body fat mass regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Gerrit van der Stouwe
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie Aeschbacher
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Krisai
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Schoen
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Meyre
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Martin Risch
- Labormedizinisches Zentrum Dr. Risch, Schaan, Liechtenstein
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Kantonspital Graubünden, Chur, Switzerland
| | - Lorenz Risch
- Labormedizinisches Zentrum Dr. Risch, Schaan, Liechtenstein
- Division of Clinical Biochemistry, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Private University, Triesen, Liechtenstein
| | - David Conen
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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13
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Candeias EM, Sebastião IC, Cardoso SM, Correia SC, Carvalho CI, Plácido AI, Santos MS, Oliveira CR, Moreira PI, Duarte AI. Gut-brain connection: The neuroprotective effects of the anti-diabetic drug liraglutide. World J Diabetes 2015; 6:807-827. [PMID: 26131323 PMCID: PMC4478577 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v6.i6.807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogues marketed for type 2 diabetes (T2D) treatment have been showing positive and protective effects in several different tissues, including pancreas, heart or even brain. This gut secreted hormone plays a potent insulinotropic activity and an important role in maintaining glucose homeostasis. Furthermore, growing evidences suggest the occurrence of several commonalities between T2D and neurodegenerative diseases, insulin resistance being pointed as a main cause for cognitive decline and increased risk to develop dementia. In this regard, it has also been suggested that stimulation of brain insulin signaling may have a protective role against cognitive deficits. As GLP-1 receptors (GLP-1R) are expressed throughout the central nervous system and GLP-1 may cross the blood-brain-barrier, an emerging hypothesis suggests that they may be promising therapeutic targets against brain dysfunctional insulin signaling-related pathologies. Importantly, GLP-1 actions depend not only on the direct effect mediated by its receptor activation, but also on the gut-brain axis involving an exchange of signals between both tissues via the vagal nerve, thereby regulating numerous physiological functions (e.g., energy homeostasis, glucose-dependent insulin secretion, as well as appetite and weight control). Amongst the incretin/GLP-1 mimetics class of anti-T2D drugs with an increasingly described neuroprotective potential, the already marketed liraglutide emerged as a GLP-1R agonist highly resistant to dipeptidyl peptidase-4 degradation (thereby having an increased half-life) and whose systemic GLP-1R activity is comparable to that of native GLP-1. Importantly, several preclinical studies showed anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and neuroprotective effects of liraglutide against T2D, stroke and Alzheimer disease (AD), whereas several clinical trials, demonstrated some surprising benefits of liraglutide on weight loss, microglia inhibition, behavior and cognition, and in AD biomarkers. Herein, we discuss the GLP-1 action through the gut-brain axis, the hormone’s regulation of some autonomic functions and liraglutide’s neuroprotective potential.
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14
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Linnemann AK, Neuman JC, Battiola TJ, Wisinski JA, Kimple ME, Davis DB. Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Regulates Cholecystokinin Production in β-Cells to Protect From Apoptosis. Mol Endocrinol 2015; 29:978-87. [PMID: 25984632 DOI: 10.1210/me.2015-1030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholecystokinin (CCK) is a classic gut hormone that is also expressed in the pancreatic islet, where it is highly up-regulated with obesity. Loss of CCK results in increased β-cell apoptosis in obese mice. Similarly, islet α-cells produce increased amounts of another gut peptide, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), in response to cytokine and nutrient stimulation. GLP-1 also protects β-cells from apoptosis via cAMP-mediated mechanisms. Therefore, we hypothesized that the activation of islet-derived CCK and GLP-1 may be linked. We show here that both human and mouse islets secrete active GLP-1 as a function of body mass index/obesity. Furthermore, GLP-1 can rapidly stimulate β-cell CCK production and secretion through direct targeting by the cAMP-modulated transcription factor, cAMP response element binding protein (CREB). We find that cAMP-mediated signaling is required for Cck expression, but CCK regulation by cAMP does not require stimulatory levels of glucose or insulin secretion. We also show that CREB directly targets the Cck promoter in islets from obese (Leptin(ob/ob)) mice. Finally, we demonstrate that the ability of GLP-1 to protect β-cells from cytokine-induced apoptosis is partially dependent on CCK receptor signaling. Taken together, our work suggests that in obesity, active GLP-1 produced in the islet stimulates CCK production and secretion in a paracrine manner via cAMP and CREB. This intraislet incretin loop may be one mechanism whereby GLP-1 protects β-cells from apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia K Linnemann
- Department of Medicine (A.K.L., T.J.B., J.A.W., M.E.K., D.B.D.), Division of Endocrinology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705; Department of Nutritional Sciences (J.C.N.), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706; and William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital (D.B.D.), Madison, Wisconsin 53705
| | - Joshua C Neuman
- Department of Medicine (A.K.L., T.J.B., J.A.W., M.E.K., D.B.D.), Division of Endocrinology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705; Department of Nutritional Sciences (J.C.N.), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706; and William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital (D.B.D.), Madison, Wisconsin 53705
| | - Therese J Battiola
- Department of Medicine (A.K.L., T.J.B., J.A.W., M.E.K., D.B.D.), Division of Endocrinology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705; Department of Nutritional Sciences (J.C.N.), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706; and William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital (D.B.D.), Madison, Wisconsin 53705
| | - Jaclyn A Wisinski
- Department of Medicine (A.K.L., T.J.B., J.A.W., M.E.K., D.B.D.), Division of Endocrinology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705; Department of Nutritional Sciences (J.C.N.), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706; and William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital (D.B.D.), Madison, Wisconsin 53705
| | - Michelle E Kimple
- Department of Medicine (A.K.L., T.J.B., J.A.W., M.E.K., D.B.D.), Division of Endocrinology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705; Department of Nutritional Sciences (J.C.N.), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706; and William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital (D.B.D.), Madison, Wisconsin 53705
| | - Dawn Belt Davis
- Department of Medicine (A.K.L., T.J.B., J.A.W., M.E.K., D.B.D.), Division of Endocrinology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705; Department of Nutritional Sciences (J.C.N.), University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706; and William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital (D.B.D.), Madison, Wisconsin 53705
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15
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Li X, Hu P, Yang R, Bai J, Wang X, Fu S, Yang S, Ma J, Gong M, Chen H, Zhou F, Chen Y, Zhou Q. A noncytolytic antibody-like extendin-4-IgG4 fusion protein as a long-acting potential anti-diabetic agent. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:3607-3618. [PMID: 26064256 PMCID: PMC4443090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND GLP-1 and its analogs have a variety of anti-diabetic effects. However, short half-life and rapid degraded by DPP-IV limits the therapeutic potential of the native GLP-1. So, many DPP-IV-resistant and long-acting GLP-1 analogs were developed. In this study, an antibody-like extendin-4-IgG4 fusion protein was developed. METHODS The γ4 constant region contains two amino acid substitutions relative to native γ4 (S228P and L235E) lead to affinity for FcγRI to be low and stability of the IgG4 molecular. The fusion protein was expressed in CHO cells and assembled into an immunoglobulin-like structure with molecular weight of approximately 130 kDa. RESULTS The Exendin-4-IgG4 fusion protein was found to affinity bind GLP-1R in vitro. In vivo when compared the potency and duration of glucose-lowering effects in diabetic (db/db) mice at the same dose, exendin-4 resulted in a glucose-lowering effect that persisted only for 6 hours, but the extendin-4-IgG4 fusion protein for more than 168 hours. Injecting subcutaneously with a high dose of the fusion protein led normal BALB/c mice to the lower blood glucose level but did not cause serious hypoglycemia. Especially, the half-life time of the fusion protein in cynomolgus monkeys was about 180 hours, almost the longest half-life time among the developed GPL-1 analogues, which suggested a longer half-life time in human. CONCLUSIONS The intact antibody-like fusion protein has more advantages than the Fc fusion protein including the intent of prolonging the half-life. These results also suggested the fusion protein was a safe and long-acting potential anti-diabetic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Li
- Department of Clinical Lab of Nanlou, Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing 100853, China
| | - Pinliang Hu
- Genete Biopharmaceutical Co. LtdTaizhou 225300, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Rungong Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing 100048, China
| | - Jie Bai
- Department of Clinical Lab of Nanlou, Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing 100853, China
| | - Xingheng Wang
- Genete Biopharmaceutical Co. LtdTaizhou 225300, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shuhong Fu
- Department of Clinical Lab of Nanlou, Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing 100853, China
| | - Siyi Yang
- Genete Biopharmaceutical Co. LtdTaizhou 225300, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jinwei Ma
- Genete Biopharmaceutical Co. LtdTaizhou 225300, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Meiliang Gong
- Department of Clinical Lab of Nanlou, Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijing 100853, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Genete Biopharmaceutical Co. LtdTaizhou 225300, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Genete Biopharmaceutical Co. LtdTaizhou 225300, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yanbing Chen
- Genete Biopharmaceutical Co. LtdTaizhou 225300, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Genete Biopharmaceutical Co. LtdTaizhou 225300, Jiangsu Province, China
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16
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Chen W, Howell ML, Li Y, Li R, Chen G. Vitamin A and feeding statuses modulate the insulin-regulated gene expression in Zucker lean and fatty primary rat hepatocytes. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100868. [PMID: 25105869 PMCID: PMC4126667 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Unattended hepatic insulin resistance predisposes individuals to dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes and many other metabolic complications. The mechanism of hepatic insulin resistance at the gene expression level remains unrevealed. To examine the effects of vitamin A (VA), total energy intake and feeding conditions on the insulin-regulated gene expression in primary hepatocytes of Zucker lean (ZL) and fatty (ZF) rats, we analyze the expression levels of hepatic model genes in response to the treatments of insulin and retinoic acid (RA). We report that the insulin- and RA-regulated glucokinase, sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c and cytosolic form of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase expressions are impaired in hepatocytes of ZF rats fed chow or a VA sufficient (VAS) diet ad libitum. The impairments are partially corrected when ZF rats are fed a VA deficient (VAD) diet ad libitum or pair-fed a VAS diet to the intake of their VAD counterparts in non-fasting conditions. Interestingly in the pair-fed ZL and ZF rats, transient overeating on the last day of pair-feeding regimen changes the expression levels of some VA catabolic genes, and impairs the insulin- and RA-regulated gene expression in hepatocytes. These results demonstrate that VA and feeding statuses modulate the hepatic insulin sensitivity at the gene expression level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Meredith L. Howell
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Guoxun Chen
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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