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Ribeiro SA, Braga EL, Queiroga ML, Clementino MA, Fonseca XM, Belém MO, Magalhães LM, de Sousa JK, de Freitas TM, Veras HN, de Aquino CC, Santos AD, de Moura FR, Dos Santos AA, Havt A, Maciel BL, Lima AA. A New Murine Undernutrition Model Based on Complementary Feeding of Undernourished Children Causes Damage to the Morphofunctional Intestinal Epithelium Barrier. J Nutr 2024; 154:1232-1251. [PMID: 38346539 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complementary feeding is critical in establishing undernutrition. However, experimental undernourished diets do not represent the amount of nutrients in the complementary diets of undernourished children. OBJECTIVES To develop, validate, and evaluate the impact of a new murine model of undernutrition on the intestinal epithelium, based on the complementary diet of undernourished children from 7 countries with low-socioeconomic power belonging to the Malnutrition-Enteric Diseases (MAL-ED) cohort study. METHODS We used the difference in the percentage of energy, macronutrients, fiber and zinc in the complementary diet of children without undernutrition compared with stunting (height-for-age Z-score < -2) for the MAL-ED diet formulation. Subsequently, C57BL/6 mice were fed a control diet (AIN-93M diet) or MAL-ED diet for 28 d. Weight was measured daily; body composition was measured every 7 d; lactulose:mannitol ratio (LM) and morphometry were evaluated on days 7 and 28; the cotransport test and analysis of intestinal transporters and tight junctions were performed on day 7. RESULTS The MAL-ED diet presented -8.03% energy, -37.46% protein, -24.20% lipid, -10.83% zinc, +5.93% carbohydrate, and +45.17% fiber compared with the control diet. This diet rapidly reduced weight gain and compromised body growth and energy reserves during the chronic period (P < 0.05). In the intestinal epithelial barrier, this diet caused an increase in the LM (P < 0.001) and reduced (P < 0.001) the villous area associated with an increase in FAT/CD36 in the acute period and increased (P < 0.001) mannitol excretion in the chronic period. CONCLUSIONS The MAL-ED diet induced undernutrition in mice, resulting in acute damage to the integrity of the intestinal epithelial barrier and a subsequent increase in the intestinal area during the chronic period. This study introduces the first murine model of undernutrition for the complementary feeding phase, based on data from undernourished children in 7 different countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samilly A Ribeiro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil.
| | - Enock Lr Braga
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Marcus L Queiroga
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Marco A Clementino
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Xhaulla Mqc Fonseca
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Mônica O Belém
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Lyvia Mvc Magalhães
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - José K de Sousa
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Thiago M de Freitas
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Herlice N Veras
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Cristiane C de Aquino
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Alan Dc Santos
- Núcleo de Estudos Químicos de Micromoléculas da Amazônia (NEQUIMA), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Flávio Rm de Moura
- Núcleo de Estudos Químicos de Micromoléculas da Amazônia (NEQUIMA), Manaus, Brazil
| | - Armênio A Dos Santos
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Havt
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Bruna Ll Maciel
- Nutrition Postgraduation Program, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Aldo Am Lima
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
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Holani R, Littlejohn PT, Edwards K, Petersen C, Moon KM, Stacey RG, Bozorgmehr T, Gerbec ZJ, Serapio-Palacios A, Krekhno Z, Donald K, Foster LJ, Turvey SE, Finlay BB. A Murine Model of Maternal Micronutrient Deficiencies and Gut Inflammatory Host-microbe Interactions in the Offspring. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 17:827-852. [PMID: 38307490 PMCID: PMC10973814 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2024.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Micronutrient deficiency (MND) (ie, lack of vitamins and minerals) during pregnancy is a major public health concern. Historically, studies have considered micronutrients in isolation; however, MNDs rarely occur alone. The impact of co-occurring MNDs on public health, mainly in shaping mucosal colonization by pathobionts from the Enterobacteriaceae family, remains undetermined due to lack of relevant animal models. METHODS To establish a maternal murine model of multiple MND (MMND), we customized a diet deficient in vitamins (A, B12, and B9) and minerals (iron and zinc) that most commonly affect children and women of reproductive age. Thereafter, mucosal adherence by Enterobacteriaceae, the associated inflammatory markers, and proteomic profile of intestines were determined in the offspring of MMND mothers (hereafter, low micronutrient [LM] pups) via bacterial plating, flow cytometry, and mass spectrometry, respectively. For human validation, Enterobacteriaceae abundance, assessed via 16s sequencing of 3-month-old infant fecal samples (n = 100), was correlated with micronutrient metabolites using Spearman's correlation in meconium of children from the CHILD birth cohort. RESULTS We developed an MMND model and reported an increase in colonic abundance of Enterobacteriaceae in LM pups at weaning. Findings from CHILD cohort confirmed a negative correlation between Enterobacteriaceae and micronutrient availability. Furthermore, pro-inflammatory cytokines and increased infiltration of lymphocyte antigen 6 complex high monocytes and M1-like macrophages were evident in the colons of LM pups. Mechanistically, mitochondrial dysfunction marked by reduced expression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)H dehydrogenase and increased expression of NAD phosphate oxidase (Nox) 1 contributed to the Enterobacteriaceae bloom. CONCLUSION This study establishes an early life MMND link to intestinal pathobiont colonization and mucosal inflammation via damaged mitochondria in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Holani
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Paula T Littlejohn
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Karlie Edwards
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Charisse Petersen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; British Columbia Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kyung-Mee Moon
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Richard G Stacey
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Tahereh Bozorgmehr
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Zachary J Gerbec
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Antonio Serapio-Palacios
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Zakhar Krekhno
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Katherine Donald
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Leonard J Foster
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Stuart E Turvey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - B Brett Finlay
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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He J, Zhang J, Liao X, Xiao Y, Li J, Zheng Z, Chen D, Chen J. Upregulation of PD-1/PD-L1 and downregulation of immune signaling pathways lead to more severe visceral leishmaniasis in undernutrition mice. Parasit Vectors 2024; 17:8. [PMID: 38185681 PMCID: PMC10773036 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-06018-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leishmaniasis is mainly prevalent in tropical and subtropical developing countries, where chronic undernutrition often co-exists. Undernutrition is reported to promote the progression of leishmaniasis, but its immune mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. METHODS To simulate chronic undernutrition of patients in epidemic areas and explore the immune mechanism of undernutrition promoting leishmaniasis, BALB/c mouse models with different nutritional imbalances were established, including undernutrition 75%, undernutrition 65% and obesity mouse models. After infection with Leishmania donovani in these model mice, we focused on evaluating the progress of leishmaniasis in the spleen and liver, the expression of important immunosuppressive and immunoactivation molecules, and changes of spleen transcriptome. The immune signaling pathways enriched by differentially expressed genes and hub genes were analyzed. RESULTS The results showed that among the mouse infection models, undernutrition 75% + infection group had the highest parasite load in the spleen and liver at the 8th week post-infection, possibly due to the continuous increase of PD-1, PD-L1 and TCR. Spleen RNA-seq results suggested that some immune signaling pathways were downregulated in undernutrition 75% + infection group, including neutrophil extracellular trap formation, IL-17 signaling pathway, natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity, etc. Among them, neutrophil extracellular trap formation pathway had the largest number of downregulated genes. This also explained why undernutrition 75% + infection group had the highest parasite load. Through PPI network analysis, hub genes such as Lcn2, Ltf, Mpo, Dnaja1, Hspa1a, Hspa1b and Hsph1 were screened out and might play important roles in the process of undernutrition promoting leishmaniasis. CONCLUSIONS Undernutrition upregulated PD-1 and PD-L1 expression and downregulated immune signaling pathways in mice with visceral leishmaniasis. The signaling pathways and hub genes may serve as drug targets or intervention targets for the treatment of leishmaniasis patients with undernutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlei He
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianhui Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuechun Liao
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuying Xiao
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiao Li
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiwan Zheng
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dali Chen
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Jianping Chen
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Osorio EY, Uscanga-Palomeque A, Patterson GT, Cordova E, Travi BL, Soong L, Melby PC. Malnutrition-related parasite dissemination from the skin in visceral leishmaniasis is driven by PGE2-mediated amplification of CCR7-related trafficking of infected inflammatory monocytes. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011040. [PMID: 36630476 PMCID: PMC9873180 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
People are infected with Leishmania donovani when the parasite is deposited in the dermis during the blood meal of the sand fly vector. Most infected people develop a subclinical latent infection, but some develop progressive visceral leishmaniasis. Malnutrition is a risk factor for the development of active VL. We previously demonstrated increased parasite dissemination from the skin to visceral organs in a murine model of malnutrition. Here we investigated the mechanism of early parasite dissemination. After delivery of L. donovani to the skin, we found enhanced capture of parasites by inflammatory monocytes and neutrophils in the skin of malnourished mice. However, parasite dissemination in malnourished mice was driven primarily by infected inflammatory monocytes, which showed increased CCR7 expression, greater intrinsic migratory capacity, and increased trafficking from skin to spleen. PGE2 production, which was increased at the site of skin infection, increased monocyte CCR7 expression and promoted CCR7-related monocyte-mediated early parasite dissemination in malnourished mice. Parasite dissemination in monocytes was reduced by inhibition of PGE2, knockdown or silencing of CCR7 in monocytes, and depletion of inflammatory monocytes through administration of diphtheria toxin to CSFR1-DTR transgenic mice that have monocyte-specific DT receptor expression. CCR7-driven trafficking of infected inflammatory monocytes through the lymph node was accompanied by increased expression of its ligands CCL19 and CCL21. These results show that the CCR7/PGE2 axis is responsible for the increased trafficking of L. donovani-infected inflammatory monocytes from the skin to the spleen in the malnourished host. Undernutrition and production of PGE2 are potential targets to reduce the risk of people developing VL. Nutritional interventions that target improved immune function and reduced PGE2 synthesis should be studied in people at risk of developing VL.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Yaneth Osorio
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (PCM); (EYO)
| | - Ashanti Uscanga-Palomeque
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Grace T. Patterson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Erika Cordova
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Bruno L. Travi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Center for Tropical Diseases and Institute for Human Infection and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Lynn Soong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Center for Tropical Diseases and Institute for Human Infection and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Peter C. Melby
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Center for Tropical Diseases and Institute for Human Infection and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (PCM); (EYO)
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Moradi Moghaddam O, Niakan Lahiji M, Yazdan Panah L, Talebi-Taher M, Rajabi A, Mirhosseini SF. Relationship between Mini Nutritional Assessment Score and Infection in Critical Care Patients. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2022; 36:91. [PMID: 36408340 PMCID: PMC9586714 DOI: 10.47176/mjiri.36.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Nutrition and infectious diseases are 2 influential factors. Mini nutritional assessment (MNA) score is one of the indicators for assessing the nutritional status of the patients. The present study aimed to evaluate the relationship between MNA- short form (SF) and the infectious status of patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of Hazrat-e-Rasoul hospital in Tehran. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study performed at Hazrat-e-Rasoul hospital in Tehran from 2019 to 2020. Each patient completed the MNA-SF questionnaire. The questionnaire has 6 factors with a score range of 0 to 14, with 12 to 14 indicating "normal nutrition," 8 to 11 indicating "at risk of malnutrition," and 0 to 7 indicating "malnutrition." The patients were monitored for clinical and paraclinical signs and symptoms of infectious disease for the first 14 days after being admitted to the ICU. Then, the relationship between infection level and MNA-SF scores were recorded and the chi-square, independent samples t test, and Pearson correlation test were used. Results: In this study, 119 patients (60 men and 59 women), with a mean age of 53.82 ± 19.76 years were selected, and 71 (59.67%) of the patients had an infection. Women without infection were significantly more than men (p=0.021). In the assessment of the MNA-SF questionnaire, we found that 62 (52.1%) patients had "normal nutrition" status, 30 (25.2%), and 27 (22.7%) had "at risk for malnutrition" and "malnutrition" status, respectively. MNA-SF scores were significantly different in different age groups (p=0.040). There was a significant relationship between weight loss, mobility, and neuropsychological problems with age (p<0.001). Also, there was a meaningful relationship between nutritional status and infection (p=0.032). The results determined that noninfected cases among the patients with "normal nutrition" status were more than those "at risk for malnutrition" (p=0.007). The results of this study showed that clinical outcomes had a significant relationship with nutritional status (p=0.043). Conclusion: Based on the present study, good nutritional status can reduce infection and mortality in patients who are admitted to ICU, and the nutritional status assessed with MNA-SF can play an essential role in patients' susceptibility to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Moradi Moghaddam
- Trauma and Injury Research Center, Critical Care Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Niakan Lahiji
- Trauma and Injury Research Center, Critical Care Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leyla Yazdan Panah
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, Hazrat-e Rasoul Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahshid Talebi-Taher
- Department of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Rajabi
- Critical Care Department, Hazrat-e Rasoul Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Farnaz Mirhosseini
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Hazrat-e Rasoul Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Ferreira-Paes T, Seixas-Costa P, Almeida-Amaral EE. Validation of a Feed Protocol in a Mouse Model That Mimics Marasmic Malnutrition. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:757136. [PMID: 34912875 PMCID: PMC8666711 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.757136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Host nutritional status directly interferes with immunity and/or susceptibility to infectious diseases. To understand the mechanisms behind this relationship, the use of animal models and feeding protocols is necessary. In the literature, studies reporting marasmic malnutrition in mice are not common. In this context, the objective of this study was to validate a feed methodology that mimics marasmic malnutrition, examining the nutritional, biochemical, and hematological status in BALB/c mice. Weaned BALB/c mice were or were not fed a Restricted diet (36.26% carbohydrate, 8.79% protein, 4.95% fat, and 7.62 kJ/100 g). Some malnourished mice underwent a refed process with a Control diet (65.93% carbohydrate, 24.18% protein, 9.89% fat, and 15.24 kJ/100 g). The nutritional status of the mice was evaluated through phenotypic markers and hematological and biochemical parameters. Our results showed that the Restricted diet was able to induce mild malnutrition in mice, resulting in mouse weight loss of 12%, which could be reversed after refeeding. Malnourished mice demonstrated slow body growth and low body mass index (BMI) values. Malnourished mice also showed physical and behavioral changes, a reduction of 47.5% in leukocyte counts and a 2-fold increase in cholesterol levels. In conclusion, our feeding protocol was able to generate mild malnutrition and cause changes in the nutritional status of mice that could be similar to those observed in marasmic malnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiana Ferreira-Paes
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Tripanosomatídeos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paula Seixas-Costa
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Tripanosomatídeos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Elmo Eduardo Almeida-Amaral
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Tripanosomatídeos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Gemechu DS, Worku Y, Alemu A, Gerema U. Determinants of severe acute malnutrition among children aged 6-59 months in the pastoral community of Liban District, Guji Zone, Oromia Regional State, Southeastern Ethiopia: a case-control study. J Nutr Sci 2021; 10:e101. [PMID: 35059182 PMCID: PMC8727705 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2021.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Malnutrition remains one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality among children, particularly in Ethiopia. The present study aimed to assess determinants of severe acute malnutrition among children aged 6-59 months in the pastoral community of Liban District, Southeastern Ethiopia. A case-control study design was conducted on 89 cases and 177 controls from 1-30 December 2020. A simple random sampling technique was used to select study participants. Data collected using interviewer-administered structured questionnaire were used, and anthropometric measurements were done by standardised calibrated instruments to collect data. Data were entered into EPI data version 3.1 and then exported to SPSS version 25.0 software for analysis. All candidate variables with P < 0⋅25 in bivariate analysis were then entered into multivariable logistic regression. Associated factors were identified at P < 0⋅05 and 95 % CI. A total of 266 (89 cases and 177 controls) having a response rate of 96⋅6 % being underweight [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 11⋅8, 95 % CI 3⋅17, 43⋅89], illness previous 2 weeks (AOR = 3⋅47, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1⋅34, 8⋅99), family member with malnutrition (AOR = 4⋅52, 95 % CI 1⋅45, 14⋅01), greater than five family size, (AOR = 5⋅33, 95 % CI 2⋅08, 13⋅66), mothers unable to read and write (AOR = 3⋅66, 95 % CI 1⋅27, 10⋅56), mothers with low decision autonomy (AOR = 5⋅67, 95 % CI 2⋅26, 14⋅27), not handwashing at all critical time (AOR = 7⋅23, 95 % CI 2⋅74, 19⋅07), not feeding child animal source (AOR = 7⋅13, 95 % CI 1⋅98, 25⋅59), bottle feeding (AOR = 7⋅06, 95 % CI 2⋅34, 21⋅28) and being married (AOR = 0⋅05, 95 % CI 0⋅02, 0⋅19) were significantly associated with acute malnutrition. The present study has confirmed the association of acute malnutrition with maternal education, underweight, family size and inappropriate infant caring practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diriba S. Gemechu
- Ethiopian Public Health Institute (EPHI), Center of Public Health Emergency Management (cPHEM), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Yoseph Worku
- St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Abebe Alemu
- International Medical Crops, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Urge Gerema
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
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Hortová-Kohoutková M, Lázničková P, Frič J. How immune-cell fate and function are determined by metabolic pathway choice: The bioenergetics underlying the immune response. Bioessays 2020; 43:e2000067. [PMID: 33191545 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202000067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Immune cells are highly dynamic in their response to the tissue environment. Most immune cells rapidly change their metabolic profile to obtain sufficient energy to engage in defensive or homeostatic processes. Such "immunometabolism" is governed through intermediate metabolites, and has a vital role in regulating immune-cell function. The underlying metabolic reactions are shaped by the abundance and accessibility of specific nutrients, as well as the overall metabolic status of the host. Here, we discuss how different immune-cell types gain a sufficient energy supply. We then explain how immune cells perform various functions under challenged conditions and expend energy to sustain homeostasis. Finally, we speculate on how the immune-cell metabolic profile might be modulated in health and disease, by manipulating nutrient availability. By such intervention, the recovery of patient with dysregulated immune system responses might be sped up and the fitness of an individual efficiently restored.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Petra Lázničková
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Frič
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic.,Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Prague, Czech Republic
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MASHAYEKHI GOYONLO V, NOROUZY A, NEMATI M, LAYEGH P, AKHLAGHI S, TAHERI AR, KIAFAR B. Nutritional Intake and Chronicity Associated with the Old World Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: Role of Vitamin A. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 49:167-172. [PMID: 32309235 PMCID: PMC7152633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Old world cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is known as a self-healing cutaneous parasitic infection. Host immunity has a fundamental role in the course of this infection. This study was designed to investigate the relationship between nutritional status and vitamin A intake with the clinical course of CL. METHODS Overall, 250 patients with CL attending a dermatology clinic in Imam Reza Hospital Mashhad, Iran, were enrolled from Apr 2011 to Aug 2012. For data gathering, a semi-quantitative 302-item food frequency questionnaire was utilized. They received routine treatment protocols for leishmaniasis and 1 year of follow-up. RESULTS As for the 149 patients who completed the study, a deficiency of macro and micronutrients, particularly vitamin A, was significantly related to a chronic clinical disease course. CONCLUSION Imbalanced or insufficient nutritional intake including vitamin A deficiency, may influence the clinical course of CL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abdolreza NOROUZY
- Biochemistry of Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohsen NEMATI
- Biochemistry of Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Pouran LAYEGH
- Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saeed AKHLAGHI
- Deputy of Research, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza TAHERI
- Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bita KIAFAR
- Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,Corresponding Author:
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Salameh E, Morel FB, Zeilani M, Déchelotte P, Marion-Letellier R. Animal Models of Undernutrition and Enteropathy as Tools for Assessment of Nutritional Intervention. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11092233. [PMID: 31527523 PMCID: PMC6770013 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
: Undernutrition is a major public health problem leading to 1 in 5 of all deaths in children under 5 years. Undernutrition leads to growth stunting and/or wasting and is often associated with environmental enteric dysfunction (EED). EED mechanisms leading to growth failure include intestinal hyperpermeability, villus blunting, malabsorption and gut inflammation. As non-invasive methods for investigating gut function in undernourished children are limited, pre-clinical models are relevant to elucidating the pathophysiological processes involved in undernutrition and EED, and to identifying novel therapeutic strategies. In many published models, undernutrition was induced using protein or micronutrient deficient diets, but these experimental models were not associated with EED. Enteropathy models mainly used gastrointestinal injury triggers. These models are presented in this review. We found only a few studies investigating the combination of undernutrition and enteropathy. This highlights the need for further developments to establish an experimental model reproducing the impact of undernutrition and enteropathy on growth, intestinal hyperpermeability and inflammation, that could be suitable for preclinical evaluation of innovative therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmeline Salameh
- UniRouen, Inserm UMR 1073 Nutrition, Inflammation and Gut-Brain Axis, Normandie University, 76183 Rouen, France.
- Nutriset SAS, 76770 Malaunay, France.
| | | | | | - Pierre Déchelotte
- UniRouen, Inserm UMR 1073 Nutrition, Inflammation and Gut-Brain Axis, Normandie University, 76183 Rouen, France.
- Department of Nutrition, Rouen University Hospital, 76183 Rouen, France.
| | - Rachel Marion-Letellier
- UniRouen, Inserm UMR 1073 Nutrition, Inflammation and Gut-Brain Axis, Normandie University, 76183 Rouen, France.
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Koo SJ, Garg NJ. Metabolic programming of macrophage functions and pathogens control. Redox Biol 2019; 24:101198. [PMID: 31048245 PMCID: PMC6488820 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages (Mφ) are central players in mediating proinflammatory and immunomodulatory functions. Unchecked Mφ activities contribute to pathology across many diseases, including those caused by infectious pathogens and metabolic disorders. A fine balance of Mφ responses is crucial, which may be achieved by enforcing appropriate bioenergetics pathways. Metabolism serves as the provider of energy, substrates, and byproducts that support differential Mφ characteristics. The metabolic properties that control the polarization and response of Mφ remain to be fully uncovered for use in managing infectious diseases. Here, we review the various metabolic states in Mφ and how they influence the cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue-Jie Koo
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Nisha J Garg
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, UTMB, Galveston, TX, USA; Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, UTMB, Galveston, TX, USA.
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12
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da Silva ER, Brogi S, Lucon-Júnior JF, Campiani G, Gemma S, Maquiaveli CDC. Dietary polyphenols rutin, taxifolin and quercetin related compounds target Leishmania amazonensis arginase. Food Funct 2019; 10:3172-3180. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00265k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Taxifolin, quercetin glucuronide and quercetin glucosides inhibit arginase from Leishmania amazonensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edson Roberto da Silva
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária
- Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos
- Universidade de São Paulo
- 13635-900 Pirassununga
- Brazil
| | - Simone Brogi
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development (NatSynDrugs) and Department of Biotechnology
- Chemistry
- and Pharmacy
- DoE Department of Excellence 2018-2022
- Università degli Studi di Siena via Aldo Moro 2
| | - João Francisco Lucon-Júnior
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biociência Animal
- Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos
- Universidade de São Paulo
- 13635-900 Pirassununga
- Brazil
| | - Giuseppe Campiani
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development (NatSynDrugs) and Department of Biotechnology
- Chemistry
- and Pharmacy
- DoE Department of Excellence 2018-2022
- Università degli Studi di Siena via Aldo Moro 2
| | - Sandra Gemma
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development (NatSynDrugs) and Department of Biotechnology
- Chemistry
- and Pharmacy
- DoE Department of Excellence 2018-2022
- Università degli Studi di Siena via Aldo Moro 2
| | - Claudia do Carmo Maquiaveli
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária
- Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos
- Universidade de São Paulo
- 13635-900 Pirassununga
- Brazil
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da Silva ER, Brogi S, Grillo A, Campiani G, Gemma S, Vieira PC, Maquiaveli CDC. Cinnamic acids derived compounds with antileishmanial activity target Leishmania amazonensis arginase. Chem Biol Drug Des 2018; 93:139-146. [PMID: 30216691 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This study describes the activity of five natural hydroxycinnamic acids and derived compound: caffeic (1), rosmarinic (2), chlorogenic (3), and cryptochlorogenic (4), acids and isoverbascoside (5). All compounds inhibited Leishmania amazonensis arginase with IC50 -in range of 1.5-11 μM. Compounds 2 and 5 also showed activity against promastigotes of L. amazonensis with IC50 = 61 (28-133) μM and IC50 = 14 (9-24) μM, respectively. Further computational studies applying molecular docking simulations were performed on the competitive inhibitors to gain insight into the molecular basis for arginase inhibition and could be exploited to the development of new antileishmanials drug targeting parasite arginase.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simone Brogi
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development (NatSynDrugs), Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, Università degli Studi di Siena via Aldo Moro 2, Siena, Italy
| | - Alessandro Grillo
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development (NatSynDrugs), Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, Università degli Studi di Siena via Aldo Moro 2, Siena, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Campiani
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development (NatSynDrugs), Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, Università degli Studi di Siena via Aldo Moro 2, Siena, Italy
| | - Sandra Gemma
- European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development (NatSynDrugs), Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, Università degli Studi di Siena via Aldo Moro 2, Siena, Italy
| | - Paulo Cezar Vieira
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
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Malnutrition in Healthy Individuals Results in Increased Mixed Cytokine Profiles, Altered Neutrophil Subsets and Function. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157919. [PMID: 27548305 PMCID: PMC4993519 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Malnutrition is commonly associated with increased infectious disease susceptibility and severity. Whereas malnutrition might enhance the incidence of disease as well as its severity, active infection can in turn exacerbate malnutrition. Therefore, in a malnourished individual suffering from a severe infection, it is not possible to determine the contribution of the pre-existing malnutrition and/or the infection itself to increased disease severity. In the current study we focussed on two groups of malnourished, but otherwise healthy individuals: moderately malnourished (BMI: 18.4–16.5) and severely malnourished (BMI <16.5) and compared several immune parameters with those of individuals with a normal BMI (≥18.5). Our results show a similar haematological profile in all three groups, as well as a similar ratio of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. We found significant correlations between low BMI and increased levels of T helper (Th) 1 (Interferon (IFN)-γ, (interleukin (IL)-2, IL-12), Th2 (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13), as well as IL-10, IL-33 and tumor necrosis factor-α, but not IL-8 or C reactive protein. The activities of arginase, an enzyme associated with immunosuppression, were similar in plasma, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and neutrophils from all groups and no differences in the expression levels of CD3ζ, a marker of T cell activation, were observed in CD4+ and CD8+T cells. Furthermore, whereas the capacity of neutrophils from the malnourished groups to phagocytose particles was not impaired, their capacity to produce reactive oxygen species was impaired. Finally we evaluated the frequency of a subpopulation of low-density neutrophils and show that they are significantly increased in the malnourished individuals. These differences were more pronounced in the severely malnourished group. In summary, our results show that even in the absence of apparent infections, healthy malnourished individuals display dysfunctional immune responses that might contribute to increased susceptibility and severity to infectious diseases.
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Moderate malnutrition in rats induces somatic gene mutations. Mutat Res 2016; 789:26-32. [PMID: 26994962 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between malnutrition and genetic damage has been widely studied in human and animal models, leading to the observation that interactions between genotoxic exposure and micronutrient status appear to affect genomic stability. A new assay has been developed that uses the phosphatidylinositol glycan class A gene (Pig-a) as a reporter for measuring in vivo gene mutation. The Pig-a assay can be employed to evaluate mutant frequencies (MFs) in peripheral blood reticulocytes (RETs) and erythrocytes (RBCs) using flow cytometry. In the present study, we assessed the effects of malnutrition on mutagenic susceptibility by exposing undernourished (UN) and well-nourished (WN) rats to N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) and measuring Pig-a MFs. Two week-old UN and WN male Han-Wistar rats were treated daily with 0, 20, or 40mg/kg ENU for 3 consecutive days. Blood was collected from the tail vein one day before ENU treatment (Day-1) and after ENU administration on Days 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56 and 63. Pig-a MFs were measured in RETs and RBCs as the RET(CD59-) and RBC(CD59-) frequencies. In the vehicle control groups, the frequencies of mutant RETs and RBCs were significantly higher in UN rats compared with WN rats at all sampling times. The ENU treatments increased RET and RBC MFs starting at Day 7. Although ENU-induced Pig-a MFs were consistently lower in UN rats than in WN rats, these differences were not significant. To understand these responses, further studies should use other mutagens and nucleated surrogate cells and examine the types of mutations induced in UN and WN rats.
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