1
|
Chavan SG, Rathod PR, Koyappayil A, Hwang S, Lee MH. Recent advances of electrochemical and optical point-of-care biosensors for detecting neurotransmitter serotonin biomarkers. Biosens Bioelectron 2025; 267:116743. [PMID: 39270361 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
Since its discovery in 1984, the monoamine serotonin (5-HT) has been recognized for its critical role as a neuromodulator in both the central and peripheral nervous systems. Recent research reveals that serotonin also significantly influences various neuronal activities. Historically, it was believed that peripheral serotonin, produced by tryptophan hydroxylase in intestinal cells, functioned primarily as a hormone. However, new insights have expanded its known roles, necessitating advanced detection methods. Biosensors have emerged as indispensable tools in biomedical diagnostics, enabling the rapid and minimally invasive detection of target analytes with high spatial and temporal resolution. This review summarizes the progress made in the past decade in developing optical and electrochemical biosensors for serotonin detection. We evaluate various sensing strategies that optimize performance in terms of detection limits, sensitivity, and specificity. The study also explores recent innovations in biosensing technologies utilizing surface-modified electrodes with nanomaterials, including gold, graphite, carbon nanotubes, and metal oxide particles. Applications range from in vivo studies to chemical imaging and diagnostics, highlighting future prospects in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Ganpat Chavan
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heuseok-ro, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul 06974, South Korea
| | - Pooja Ramrao Rathod
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heuseok-ro, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul 06974, South Korea
| | - Aneesh Koyappayil
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heuseok-ro, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul 06974, South Korea
| | - Seowoo Hwang
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heuseok-ro, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul 06974, South Korea
| | - Min-Ho Lee
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heuseok-ro, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul 06974, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kim D, Tithof J. Lumped parameter simulations of cervical lymphatic vessels: dynamics of murine cerebrospinal fluid efflux from the skull. Fluids Barriers CNS 2024; 21:104. [PMID: 39702363 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-024-00605-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 12/02/2024] [Indexed: 12/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing evidence suggests that for rodents, a substantial fraction of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drains by crossing the cribriform plate into the nasopharyngeal lymphatics, eventually reaching the cervical lymphatic vessels (CLVs). Disruption of this drainage pathway is associated with various neurological disorders. METHODS We employ a lumped parameter method to numerically model CSF drainage across the cribriform plate to CLVs. Our model uses intracranial pressure as an inlet pressure and central venous blood pressure as an outlet pressure. The model incorporates initial lymphatic vessels (modeling those in the nasal region) that absorb the CSF and collecting lymphatic vessels (modeling CLVs) to transport the CSF against an adverse pressure gradient. To determine unknown parameters such as wall stiffness and valve properties, we utilize a Monte Carlo approach and validate our simulation against recent in vivo experimental measurements. RESULTS Our parameter analysis reveals the physical characteristics of CLVs. Our results suggest that the stiffness of the vessel wall and the closing state of the valve are crucial for maintaining the vessel size and volume flow rate observed in vivo. We find that a decreased contraction amplitude and frequency leads to a reduction in volume flow rate, and we test the effects of varying the different pressures acting on the CLVs. Finally, we provide evidence that branching of initial lymphatic vessels may deviate from Murray's law to reduce sensitivity to elevated intracranial pressure. CONCLUSIONS This is the first numerical study of CSF drainage through CLVs. Our comprehensive parameter analysis offers guidance for future numerical modeling of CLVs. This study also provides a foundation for understanding physiology of CSF drainage, helping guide future experimental studies aimed at identifying causal mechanisms of reduction in CLV transport and potential therapeutic approaches to enhance flow.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daehyun Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, 111 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Jeffrey Tithof
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, 111 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Agamme ALDA, Tufik S, Torterolo P, D'Almeida V. Effects of Paradoxical Sleep Deprivation on MCH and Hypocretin Systems. Sleep Sci 2024; 17:e392-e400. [PMID: 39698172 PMCID: PMC11651861 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1782171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) and hypocretins (Hcrt) 1 and 2 are neuropeptides synthesized in the lateral hypothalamic area by neurons that are critical in the regulation of sleep and wakefulness. Their receptors are located in the same cerebral regions, including the frontal cortex and hippocampus. The present study aimed to assess whether 96 hours of paradoxical sleep deprivation alters the functioning of the MCH and hypocretin systems. To do this, in control rats with normal sleep (CTL) and in rats that were deprived of paradoxical sleep (SD), we quantified the following parameters: 1) levels of MCH and hypocretin-1 in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF); 2) expression of the prepro-MCH ( Pmch ) and prepro-hypocretin ( Hcrt ) genes in the hypothalamus; 3) expression of the Mchr1 and Hcrtr1 genes in the frontal cortex and hippocampus; and 4) expression of the Hcrtr2 gene in the hippocampus. These measures were performed at 6 Zeitgeber time (ZT) points of the day (ZTs: 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20). In the SD group, we found higher levels of MCH in the CSF at the beginning of the dark phase. In the frontal cortex, sleep deprivation decreased the expression of Hcrtr1 at ZT0 . Moreover, we identified significant differences between the light and dark phases in the expression of Mchr1 and Hcrtr1 , but only in the CTL animals . We conclude that there is a day/night modulation in the expression of components of the MCH and hypocretin systems, and this profile is affected by paradoxical sleep deprivation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luiza Dias Abdo Agamme
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sergio Tufik
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Pablo Torterolo
- Department of Physiology, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Vânia D'Almeida
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Roszkowicz-Ostrowska K, Młotkowska P, Marciniak E, Szlis M, Barszcz M, Misztal T. Activation of BDNF-TrkB Signaling in Specific Structures of the Sheep Brain by Kynurenic Acid. Cells 2024; 13:1928. [PMID: 39682677 DOI: 10.3390/cells13231928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2024] [Revised: 11/11/2024] [Accepted: 11/19/2024] [Indexed: 12/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Fluctuations in kynurenic acid (KYNA) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in the brain reflect its neurological status. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of transiently elevated KYNA concentrations in the cerebroventricular circulation on the expression of BDNF and its high-affinity tropomyosin-related kinase receptor B (TrkB) in specific structures of the sheep brain. Intracerebroventricularly cannulated anestrous sheep were subjected to a series of four 30 min infusions of KYNA: 4 × 5 μg/60 μL/30 min (KYNA20, n = 6) and 4 × 25 μg/60 μL/30 min (KYNA100, n = 6) or a control infusion (n = 6), at 30 min intervals. Sections of the hippocampal CA3 field, amygdala (AMG), prefrontal cortex (PCx), and the hypothalamic medial-basal (MBH) and preoptic (POA) areas were dissected from the brain immediately after the experiment. The highest concentration of BDNF protein was found in the CA3 field (p < 0.001), which was 8-fold higher than in the AMG and 12-fold higher than that in the PCx (MBH and POA were not analyzed). The most pronounced BDNF mRNA expression was observed in the MBH, followed by the PCx, POA, AMG and CA3, while the highest abundance of TrkB mRNA was recorded in the AMG, followed by the MBH, PCx, CA3, and POA. KYNA increased (p < 0.05-p < 0.01) BDNF protein levels and the expression of its gene in the brain structures were examined, with the effect varying by dose and brain region. KYNA, particularly at the KYNA100 dose, also increased (p < 0.01) TrkB gene expression, except for the AMG, where the lower KYNA20 dose was more effective (p < 0.01). These findings suggest a positive relationship between KYNA levels in the cerebroventricular circulation and BDNF-TrkB expression in specific brain regions in a sheep model. This indicates that a transient increase in the CSF KYNA concentration can potentially restore BDNF production, for which deficiency underlies numerous neurological disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Roszkowicz-Ostrowska
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3 Str., 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland
| | - Patrycja Młotkowska
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3 Str., 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Marciniak
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3 Str., 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland
| | - Michał Szlis
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3 Str., 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland
| | - Marcin Barszcz
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3 Str., 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland
| | - Tomasz Misztal
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3 Str., 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang S, Wu L, Xie Y, Ge S, Wu Y, Chen L, Yi L, Yang J, Duan F, Huang L. Erjingpill bionic cerebrospinal fluid alleviates LPS-induced inflammatory response in BV2 cells by inhibiting glycolysis via mTOR. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 333:118412. [PMID: 38824976 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Erjingpill, a well-known prescription documented in the classic Chinese medical text "Shengji Zonglu," has been proven to have effective alleviating effects on neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although the alterations in microglial cell glycolysis are known to play a crucial role in the development of neuroinflammation, it remains unclear whether the anti-neuroinflammatory effects of Erjingpill are associated with its impact on microglial cell glycolysis. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aims to determine whether Erjingpill exerts anti-neuroinflammatory effects by influencing microglial cell glycolysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Firstly, Erjingpill decoction was prepared into an Erjingpill bionic cerebrospinal fluid (EBCF) through a process of in vitro intestinal absorption, hepatocyte incubation, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) transcytosis. Subsequently, UPLC/Q-TOF-MS/MS technology was used to analyze the compounds in Erjingpill and EBCF. Next, an in vitro neuroinflammation model was established by LPS-induced BV2 cells. The impact of EBCF on BV2 cell proliferation activity was evaluated using the CCK-8 assay, while the NO release was assessed using the Griess assay. Additionally, mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and COX-2), anti-inflammatory factors (IL-10, IL-4, Arg-1, and TGF-β), M1 microglial markers (iNOS, CD86), M2 microglial markers (CD36, CD206), and glycolytic enzymes (HK2, GLUT1, PKM, and LDHA) were measured using qPCR. Furthermore, protein expression of microglial activation marker Iba-1, M1 marker iNOS, and M2 marker CD206 were identified through immunofluorescence, while concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α were measured using ELISA. Enzymatic activity of glycolytic enzymes (HK, PK, and LDH) was assessed using assay kits, and the protein levels of pro-inflammatory factors (IL-1β, iNOS, and COX-2), anti-inflammatory factors (IL-10 and Arg-1), and key glycolytic proteins GLUT1 and PI3K/AKT/mTOR were detected by Western blot. RESULTS Through the analysis of Erjingpill and EBCF, 144 compounds were identified in Erjingpill and 40 compounds were identified in EBCF. The results demonstrated that EBCF effectively inhibited the elevation of inflammatory factors and glycolysis levels in LPS-induced BV2 cells, promoted polarization of M1 microglial cells towards the M2 phenotype, and suppressed the PI3K/AKT/mTOR inflammatory pathway. Moreover, EBCF alleviated LPS-induced BV2 cell inflammatory response by modulating mTOR to inhibit glycolysis. CONCLUSIONS EBCF exhibits significant anti-neuroinflammatory effects, likely attributed to its modulation of mTOR to inhibit microglial cell glycolysis. This study furnishes experimental evidence supporting the clinical utilization of Erjingpill for preventing and treating AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuaikang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330004, China.
| | - Li Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330004, China.
| | - Yongyan Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330004, China.
| | - Shuchao Ge
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330004, China.
| | - Yi Wu
- Jiangxi Provincial Institute of Food and Drug Inspection and Testing, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330004, China.
| | - Liping Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330004, China.
| | - Longgen Yi
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330004, China.
| | - Jie Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330004, China.
| | - Feipeng Duan
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330004, China.
| | - Liping Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330004, China; Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330004, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Leguizamon M, McKnight CD, Ponzo T, Elenberger J, Eisma JJ, Song AK, Trujillo P, Considine CM, Donahue MJ, Claassen DO, Hett K. Intravenous arachnoid granulation hypertrophy in patients with Parkinson disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2024; 10:177. [PMID: 39304673 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-024-00796-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Intravenous arachnoid granulations (AGs) are protrusions of the arachnoid membrane into the venous lumen and function as contributors to the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow circuit. Patients with Parkinson disease (PD) often present with accumulation of alpha synuclein. Previous works have provided evidence for neurofluid circulation dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases associated with changes in CSF egress, which may have implications regarding AG morphology. The present study aims to investigate group differences in AG volumetrics between healthy and PD participants, as well as relationships between AG characteristics and clinical assessments. Generalized linear models revealed significant increases in AG volumetrics and number in PD compared to healthy controls. Partial Spearman-rank correlation analyses demonstrated significant relationships between AG metrics and motor and cognitive assessments. Finally, AG volumetrics were positively correlated with objective actigraphy measures of sleep dysfunction, but not self-report sleep symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Colin D McKnight
- Vanderbilt Medical Center, Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Tristan Ponzo
- Vanderbilt Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jason Elenberger
- Vanderbilt Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jarrod J Eisma
- Vanderbilt Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alexander K Song
- Vanderbilt Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Paula Trujillo
- Vanderbilt Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Manus J Donahue
- Vanderbilt Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Daniel O Claassen
- Vanderbilt Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kilian Hett
- Vanderbilt Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Nashville, TN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Taranov A, Bedolla A, Iwasawa E, Brown FN, Baumgartner S, Fugate EM, Levoy J, Crone SA, Goto J, Luo Y. The choroid plexus maintains adult brain ventricles and subventricular zone neuroblast pool, which facilitates poststroke neurogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2400213121. [PMID: 38954546 PMCID: PMC11252789 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2400213121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The brain's neuroreparative capacity after injuries such as ischemic stroke is partly contained in the brain's neurogenic niches, primarily the subventricular zone (SVZ), which lies in close contact with the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) produced by the choroid plexus (ChP). Despite the wide range of their proposed functions, the ChP/CSF remain among the most understudied compartments of the central nervous system (CNS). Here, we report a mouse genetic tool (the ROSA26iDTR mouse line) for noninvasive, specific, and temporally controllable ablation of CSF-producing ChP epithelial cells to assess the roles of the ChP and CSF in brain homeostasis and injury. Using this model, we demonstrate that ChP ablation causes rapid and permanent CSF volume loss in both aged and young adult brains, accompanied by disruption of ependymal cilia bundles. Surprisingly, ChP ablation did not result in overt neurological deficits at 1 mo postablation. However, we observed a pronounced decrease in the pool of SVZ neuroblasts (NBs) following ChP ablation, which occurs due to their enhanced migration into the olfactory bulb. In the middle cerebral artery occlusion model of ischemic stroke, NB migration into the lesion site was also reduced in the CSF-depleted mice. Thus, our study establishes an important role of ChP/CSF in regulating the regenerative capacity of the adult brain under normal conditions and after ischemic stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr Taranov
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH45229
| | - Alicia Bedolla
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH45229
| | - Eri Iwasawa
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH45229
| | - Farrah N. Brown
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH45229
| | - Sarah Baumgartner
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH45229
| | - Elizabeth M. Fugate
- Imaging Research Center, Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH45229
| | - Joel Levoy
- Imaging Research Center, Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH45229
| | - Steven A. Crone
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH45229
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH45229
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH45267
| | - June Goto
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH45229
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH45267
| | - Yu Luo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH45229
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Młotkowska P, Misztal T, Kowalczyk P, Marciniak E. Effect of kynurenic acid on enzymatic activity of the DNA base excision repair pathway in specific areas of the sheep brain. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15506. [PMID: 38969725 PMCID: PMC11226655 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66094-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Relatively low levels of antioxidant enzymes coupled with high oxygen metabolism result in the formation of numerous oxidative DNA damages in the tissues of the central nervous system. Recently, kynurenic acid (KYNA), knowns for its neuroprotective properties, has gained increasing attention in this context. Therefore, our hypothesis assumed that increased KYNA levels in the brain would positively influence mRNA expression of selected enzymes of the base excision repair pathway as well as enhance their efficiency in excising damaged nucleobases in specific areas of the sheep brain. The study was conducted on adult anestrous sheep (n = 18), in which two different doses of KYNA (20 and 100 μg/day) were infused into the third brain ventricle for three days. Molecular and biochemical analysis included the hypothalamus (preoptic and mediol-basal areas), hippocampus (CA3 field) and amygdala (central amygdaloid nucleus), dissected from the brain of sheep euthanized immediately after the last infusion. The results revealed a significant increase P < 0.001) in the relative mRNA abundance of N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase (MPG) following administration of both dose of KYNA across all examined tissues. The transcription of thymine-DNA glycosylase (TDG) increased significantly (P < 0.001) in all tissues in response to the lower KYNA dose compared to the control group. Moreover, 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) DNA glycosylase (OGG1) mRNA levels were also higher in both animal groups (P < 0.001). In addition, in the hypothalamus, hippocampus and amygdala, AP endonuclease 1 (APE1) mRNA expression increased under both doses of KYNA. Moreover, the both dose of KYNA significantly stimulated the efficiency of 8-oxoG excision in hypothalamus and amygdala (P < 0.05-0.001). The lower and higher doses of KYNA significantly influenced the effectiveness of εA and εC in all structures (P < 0.01-0.001). In conclusion, the favorable effect of KYNA in the brain may include the protection of genetic material in nerve and glial cells by stimulating the expression and efficiency of BER pathway enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Młotkowska
- Department of Animal Physiology, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3 Str., 05-110, Jabłonna, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Misztal
- Department of Animal Physiology, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3 Str., 05-110, Jabłonna, Poland
| | - Paweł Kowalczyk
- Department of Animal Physiology, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3 Str., 05-110, Jabłonna, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Marciniak
- Department of Animal Physiology, The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3 Str., 05-110, Jabłonna, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lacroix M, Moreau J, Zampaloni C, Bissantz C, Shirvani H, Marchand S, Couet W, Chauzy A. Impact of nutritional factors on in vitro PK/PD modelling of polymyxin B against various strains of Acinetobacter baumannii. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2024; 64:107189. [PMID: 38697578 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2024.107189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to assess the effect of rich artificial cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton broth (CAMHB) on the growth of three strains of Acinetobacter baumannii (ATCC 19606 and two clinical strains), either susceptible or resistant to polymyxin B (PMB), and on PMB bactericidal activity. A pharmacokinetic (PK)/pharmacodynamic (PD) modelling approach was used to characterize the effect of PMB in various conditions. Time-kill experiments were performed using undiluted CAMHB or CAMHB diluted to 50%, 25% and 10%, with or without Ca2+ and Mg2+ compensation (known to affect PMB activity), and with PMB concentrations ranging from 0.25 to 256 mg/L based on the strain's MIC. For each strain, time-kill replicates were modelled using NONMEM. Unexpectedly, dilution of CAMHB by up to 10-fold did not affect the growth rate of any of the three strains in the absence of PMB. However, the bactericidal activity of PMB increased with medium dilution, resulting in a reduction in the apparent bacterial regrowth of the various strains observed after a few hours. Data for each strain were well characterized by a PK/PD model, with two bacterial subpopulations with different susceptibility to PMB (more susceptible and less susceptible). The impact of medium dilution and cation compensation showed relatively high, unexplained between-strain variability. Further studies are needed to characterize the mechanism underlying the medium dilution effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Lacroix
- Université de Poitiers, INSERM U1070, PHAR2, Poitiers, France; Institut Roche, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
| | - Jérémy Moreau
- Université de Poitiers, INSERM U1070, PHAR2, Poitiers, France
| | - Claudia Zampaloni
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Immunology, Infectious Disease and Ophthalmology, Roche Innovation Centre Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Caterina Bissantz
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Centre Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Sandrine Marchand
- Université de Poitiers, INSERM U1070, PHAR2, Poitiers, France; Département de Pharmacocinétique et Toxicologie, CHU Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - William Couet
- Université de Poitiers, INSERM U1070, PHAR2, Poitiers, France; Département de Pharmacocinétique et Toxicologie, CHU Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Alexia Chauzy
- Université de Poitiers, INSERM U1070, PHAR2, Poitiers, France.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hecht JS, Moore KLJ, Roberts RF. Individuals With Prior Chronic Pain and Long-Term Opioid Treatment May Experience Persistence of That Pain Even After Subsequent Complete Cervical Spinal Cord Injury: Suggestions From a Prospective Case-Controlled Study. Arch Rehabil Res Clin Transl 2024; 6:100338. [PMID: 39006114 PMCID: PMC11240028 DOI: 10.1016/j.arrct.2024.100338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine whether chronic pain persists after complete spinal cord injury (SCI). Design Prospective observational study regarding the outcome of pre-existent chronic pain of inpatients admitted with new clinically diagnosed complete cervical SCI. For patients who acknowledged chronic pain of ≥3 years duration before the SCI, further questions explored whether they still experienced that pain, whether they were experiencing current posttraumatic pain, and whether they had any past exposure to opioids. The included patients were identified during the initial consultation in the trauma center for treatment of the SCI. Setting Level I trauma center. Participants From a total of 49 participants with acute cervical SCI with clinically diagnosed complete motor and sensory tetraplegia admitted between 2018 and 2020, 7 were selected on the basis of a history of chronic pain. Intervention Collected complete history and performed physical examination with serial follow-ups during the acute hospital stay until death or discharge. Main Outcome Measures The primary outcome was a finding of chronic pain experienced before new clinical diagnosis of complete SCI, compared with whether or not that pain continued after the SCI injury. The secondary outcome was the relation of persistent pain with opioid use; it was formulated after data collection. Results Among 49 patients with clinically diagnosed complete cervical SCIs, 7 had experienced prior chronic pain. Four participants experienced a continuation of the prior pain after their complete tetraplegia (4/7), whereas 3 participants did not (3/7). All the participants with continued pain had been previously treated with opioids, whereas those whose pain ceased had not received chronic opioid therapy. Conclusions There may be a unique form of chronic pain that is based in the brain, irrespective of peripheral pain or spinal mechanisms. Otherwise healthy people with longstanding antecedent chronic pain whose pain persists after acute clinically complete SCI with tetraplegia may provide a new model for evaluation of brain-based pain. Opioids may be requisite for this type of pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S. Hecht
- Division of Surgical Rehabilitation, Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Kyle L. Johnson Moore
- Office of Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, United States
| | - Roy F. Roberts
- Division of Trauma, Department of Surgery, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Taylor E, Cramberg M, Parker S, Scott A, Sopko S, Swords A, Young BA. The presence of a foramen of Luschka in the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) and the continuity of the intraventricular and subdural spaces. J Anat 2024; 244:391-401. [PMID: 37965891 PMCID: PMC10862182 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In humans and most mammals, there is a notch-like portal, the foramen of Luschka (or lateral foramen), which connects the lumen of the fourth ventricle with the subdural space. Gross dissection, light and scanning electron microscopy, and μCT analysis revealed the presence of a foramen of Luschka in the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis). In this species, the foramen of Luschka is a notch in the dorsolateral wall of the pons immediately caudal to the peduncular base of the cerebellum, near the rostral end of the telovelar membrane over the fourth ventricle. At the foramen of Luschka there was a transition from a superficial pia mater lining to a deep ependymal lining. There was continuity between the lumen of the fourth ventricle and the subdural space, via the foramen of Luschka. This anatomical continuity was further demonstrated by injecting Evans blue into the lateral ventricle which led to extravasation through the foramen of Luschka and pooling of the dye on the lateral surface of the brain. Simultaneous subdural and intraventricular recordings of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressures revealed a stable agreement between the two pressures at rest. Perturbation of the system allowed for static and dynamic differences to develop, which could indicate varying flow patterns of CSF through the foramen of Luschka.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Taylor
- Department of AnatomyKirksville College of Osteopathic MedicineKirksvilleMissouriUSA
| | - Michael Cramberg
- Department of AnatomyKirksville College of Osteopathic MedicineKirksvilleMissouriUSA
| | - Seth Parker
- Department of AnatomyKirksville College of Osteopathic MedicineKirksvilleMissouriUSA
| | - Anchal Scott
- Department of AnatomyKirksville College of Osteopathic MedicineKirksvilleMissouriUSA
| | - Stephanie Sopko
- Department of AnatomyKirksville College of Osteopathic MedicineKirksvilleMissouriUSA
| | - Annelise Swords
- Department of AnatomyKirksville College of Osteopathic MedicineKirksvilleMissouriUSA
| | - Bruce A. Young
- Department of AnatomyKirksville College of Osteopathic MedicineKirksvilleMissouriUSA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Taranov A, Bedolla A, Iwasawa E, Brown FN, Baumgartner S, Fugate EM, Levoy J, Crone SA, Goto J, Luo Y. The choroid plexus maintains ventricle volume and adult subventricular zone neuroblast pool, which facilitates post-stroke neurogenesis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.22.575277. [PMID: 38328050 PMCID: PMC10849542 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.22.575277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
The brain's neuroreparative capacity after injuries such as ischemic stroke is contained in the brain's neurogenic niches, primarily the subventricular zone (SVZ), which lies in close contact with the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) produced by the choroid plexus (ChP). Despite the wide range of their proposed functions, the ChP/CSF remain among the most understudied compartments of the central nervous system (CNS). Here we report a mouse genetic tool (the ROSA26iDTR mouse line) for non-invasive, specific, and temporally controllable ablation of CSF-producing ChP epithelial cells to assess the roles of the ChP and CSF in brain homeostasis and injury. Using this model, we demonstrate that ChP ablation causes rapid and permanent CSF volume loss accompanied by disruption of ependymal cilia bundles. Surprisingly, ChP ablation did not result in overt neurological deficits at one-month post-ablation. However, we observed a pronounced decrease in the pool of SVZ neuroblasts following ChP ablation, which occurs due to their enhanced migration into the olfactory bulb. In the MCAo model of ischemic stroke, neuroblast migration into the lesion site was also reduced in the CSF-depleted mice. Thus, our study establishes an important and novel role of ChP/CSF in regulating the regenerative capacity of the adult brain under normal conditions and after ischemic stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr Taranov
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Alicia Bedolla
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Eri Iwasawa
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Farrah N. Brown
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Sarah Baumgartner
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Elizabeth M. Fugate
- Imaging Research Center, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, USA
| | - Joel Levoy
- Imaging Research Center, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, USA
| | - Steven A. Crone
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - June Goto
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, 231 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Yu Luo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Dawes WJ, Grant O, Reitemeier SC, Tetlow S, Lee D, Hirst RA, O'Callaghan C. High-Speed Video Microscopy of Ependymal Cilia in Brain Organotypic and Cell Culture Models. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2725:239-250. [PMID: 37856029 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3507-0_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
The wall of the ventricular system within the neuraxis is lined almost entirely by E1 ependymal cells, each of which projects multiple motile cilia from their apical surface into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). This specialized layer of E1 cells constitutes the border between the CSF and the brain interstitial fluid (BIF), and by controlling influx and efflux across the CSF to BIF interface, it is increasingly recognized to play an integral role in modulating and maintaining the brain microenvironment. The motile cilia have been shown to be responsive to changes in the CSF microenvironment, and while the physiological role of this mechanism remains incompletely understood, manipulating this control mechanism may influence the brain microenvironment potentially opening a new frontier in therapeutic intervention.In this paper, we describe our techniques for preparing organotypic slices from the murine brain parenchyma and establishing cell cultures of multiciliated ependymal cells from mouse and rat neonatal brain tissue. Our methodology generates a functional readout of ciliary function, specifically high-speed video microscopy (HSVM) enables the quantification of ciliary beat frequency (CBF), and characterization of ciliary beat pattern.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William J Dawes
- Alder Hey Children's Hospital, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
- UCL Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK.
| | | | | | - Sarah Tetlow
- Alder Hey Children's Hospital, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Dani Lee
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health & GOSH UCL BRC, London, UK
| | - Robert A Hirst
- Centre for PCD Diagnosis and Research, Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Islam M, Samal A, Davis DJ, Behura SK. Ablation of placental REST deregulates fetal brain metabolism and impacts gene expression of the offspring brain at the postnatal and adult stages. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23349. [PMID: 38069914 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301344r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the transcriptional repressor REST (Repressor Element 1 Silencing Transcription factor) was ablated in the mouse placenta to investigate molecular and cellular impacts on the offspring brain at different life stages. Ablation of placental REST deregulated several brain metabolites, including glucose and lactate that fuel brain energy, vitamin C (ascorbic acid) that functions in the epigenetic programming of the brain during postnatal development, and glutamate and creatine that help the brain to respond to stress conditions during adult life. Bulk RNA-seq analysis showed that a lack of placental REST persistently altered multiple transport genes, including those related to oxygen transportation in the offspring brain. While metabolic genes were impacted in the postnatal brain, different stress response genes were activated in the adult brain. DNA methylation was also impacted in the adult brain due to the loss of placental REST, but in a sex-biased manner. Single-nuclei RNA-seq analysis showed that specific cell types of the brain, particularly those of the choroid plexus and ependyma, which play critical roles in producing cerebrospinal fluid and maintaining metabolic homeostasis, were significantly impacted due to the loss of placental REST. These cells showed significant differential expression of genes associated with the metabotropic (G coupled protein) and ionotropic (ligand-gated ion channel) glutamate receptors, suggesting an impact of ablation of placental REST on the glutamatergic signaling of the offspring brain. The study expands our understanding of placental influences on the offspring brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maliha Islam
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Ananya Samal
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Daniel J Davis
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Animal Modeling Core, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - Susanta K Behura
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- MU Institute for Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Interdisciplnary Reproductive and Health Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wu Z, Liang L, Huang Q. Potential significance of high-mobility group protein box 1 in cerebrospinal fluid. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21926. [PMID: 38027583 PMCID: PMC10661089 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
High-mobility group protein box 1 (HMGB1) is a cytokine with multiple functions (according to its subcellular location) that serves a marker of inflammation. CSF HMGB1 could be the part of pathological mechanisms that underlie the complications associated with CNS diseases. HMGB1 actively or passively released into the CSF is detected in the CSF in many diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) and thus may be useful as a biomarker. Pathological alterations in distant areas were observed due to lesions in a specific region, and the level of HMGB1 in the CSF was found to be elevated. Reducing the HMGB1 level via intraventricular injection of anti-HMGB1 neutralizing antibodies can improve the outcomes of CNS diseases. The results indicated that CSF HMGB1 could serve as a biomarker for predicting disease progression and may also act as a pathogenic factor contributing to pathological alterations in distant areas following focal lesions in the CNS. In this mini-review, the characteristics of HMGB1 and progress in research on CSF HMGB1 as a biomarker of CNS diseases were discussed. CSF HMGB1 is useful not only as a biomarker of CNS diseases but may also be involved in interactions between different brain regions and the spinal cord.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwu Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital (Ganzhou Hospital, Southern Hospital of Southern Medical University), 16th Meiguan Road, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Liping Liang
- Department of Science and Education, Ganzhou People's Hospital (Ganzhou Hospital, Southern Hospital of Southern Medical University), 16th Meiguan Road, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Qianliang Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital (Ganzhou Hospital, Southern Hospital of Southern Medical University), 16th Meiguan Road, Ganzhou 341000, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wyart C, Carbo-Tano M, Cantaut-Belarif Y, Orts-Del'Immagine A, Böhm UL. Cerebrospinal fluid-contacting neurons: multimodal cells with diverse roles in the CNS. Nat Rev Neurosci 2023; 24:540-556. [PMID: 37558908 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-023-00723-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a complex solution that circulates around the CNS, and whose composition changes as a function of an animal's physiological state. Ciliated neurons that are bathed in the CSF - and thus referred to as CSF-contacting neurons (CSF-cNs) - are unusual polymodal interoceptive neurons. As chemoreceptors, CSF-cNs respond to variations in pH and osmolarity and to bacterial metabolites in the CSF. Their activation during infections of the CNS results in secretion of compounds to enhance host survival. As mechanosensory neurons, CSF-cNs operate together with an extracellular proteinaceous polymer known as the Reissner fibre to detect compression during spinal curvature. Once activated, CSF-cNs inhibit motor neurons, premotor excitatory neurons and command neurons to enhance movement speed and stabilize posture. At longer timescales, CSF-cNs instruct morphogenesis throughout life via the release of neuropeptides that act over long distances on skeletal muscle. Finally, recent evidence suggests that mouse CSF-cNs may act as neural stem cells in the spinal cord, inspiring new paths of investigation for repair after injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire Wyart
- Institut du Cerveau (ICM), INSERM U1127, UMR CNRS 7225 Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.
| | - Martin Carbo-Tano
- Institut du Cerveau (ICM), INSERM U1127, UMR CNRS 7225 Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Yasmine Cantaut-Belarif
- Institut du Cerveau (ICM), INSERM U1127, UMR CNRS 7225 Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | | | - Urs L Böhm
- NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Gómez-Domínguez EG, Toriz CG, González-Pozos S, González-Del-Pliego M, Aguirre-Benítez EL, Pérez-Torres A, Flores-Martinez YM, Solano-Agama C, Rodríguez-Mata V, García-Godínez A, Martínez-Fong D, Mendoza-Garrido ME. Characterization of the rat pituitary capsule: Evidence that the cerebrospinal fluid filled the pituitary cleft and the inner side of the capsule. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286399. [PMID: 37235567 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In humans, the pituitary gland is covered by a fibrous capsule and is considered a continuation of the meningeal sheath. However, in rodents some studies concluded that only the pars tuberalis (PT) and pars nervosa (PN) are enwrapped by the pia mater, while others showed that the whole gland is covered by this sheath. At PT the median eminence subarachnoid drains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to its cisternal system representing a pathway to the hypothalamus. In the present study we examined the rat pituitary capsule to elucidate its configuration, its physical interaction with the pituitary border and its relationship with the CSF. Furthermore, we also revisited the histology of the pituitary cleft and looked whether CSF drained in it. To answer such questions, we used scanning and transmission electron microscopy, intracerebroventricular infusion of Evan´s blue, fluorescent beads, and sodium fluorescein. The latter was measured in the pars distalis (PD) and various intracranial tissues. We found a pituitary capsule resembling leptomeninges, thick at the dorsal side of the pars intermedia (PI) and PD, thicker at the level of PI in contiguity with the PN and thinner at the rostro-ventral side as a thin membrane of fibroblast-like cells embedded in a fibrous layer. The capsule has abundant capillaries on all sides. Our results showed that the CSFs bathe between the capsule and the surface of the whole gland, and ciliate cells are present in the pituitary border. Our data suggest that the pituitary gland intercommunicates with the central nervous system (CNS) through the CSF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Giovanhi Gómez-Domínguez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - César Gabriel Toriz
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Sirenia González-Pozos
- Coordinación General de Servicios Experimentales, Microscopía Electrónica, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Margarita González-Del-Pliego
- Departamento de Embriología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Elsa Liliana Aguirre-Benítez
- Departamento de Embriología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Armando Pérez-Torres
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Tisular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Yazmin Monserrat Flores-Martinez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Carmen Solano-Agama
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Verónica Rodríguez-Mata
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Tisular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Alejandro García-Godínez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Daniel Martínez-Fong
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - María Eugenia Mendoza-Garrido
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Warren KE, Coupland KG, Hood RJ, Kang L, Walker FR, Spratt NJ. Movement of cerebrospinal fluid tracer into brain parenchyma and outflow to nasal mucosa is reduced at 24 h but not 2 weeks post-stroke in mice. Fluids Barriers CNS 2023; 20:27. [PMID: 37041551 PMCID: PMC10088200 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-023-00427-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent data indicates that cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics are disturbed after stroke. Our lab has previously shown that intracranial pressure rises dramatically 24 h after experimental stroke and that this reduces blood flow to ischaemic tissue. CSF outflow resistance is increased at this time point. We hypothesised that reduced transit of CSF through brain parenchyma and reduced outflow of CSF via the cribriform plate at 24 h after stroke may contribute to the previously identified post-stroke intracranial pressure elevation. METHODS Using a photothrombotic permanent occlusion model of stroke in C57BL/6 adult male mice, we examined the movement of an intracisternally infused 0.5% Texas Red dextran throughout the brain and measured tracer efflux into the nasal mucosa via the cribriform plate at 24 h or two weeks after stroke. Brain tissue and nasal mucosa were collected ex vivo and imaged using fluorescent microscopy to determine the change in CSF tracer intensity in these tissues. RESULTS At 24 h after stroke, we found that CSF tracer load was significantly reduced in brain tissue from stroke animals in both the ipsilateral and contralateral hemispheres when compared to sham. CSF tracer load was also reduced in the lateral region of the ipsilateral hemisphere when compared to the contralateral hemisphere in stroke brains. In addition, we identified an 81% reduction in CSF tracer load in the nasal mucosa in stroke animals compared to sham. These alterations to the movement of CSF-borne tracer were not present at two weeks after stroke. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicates that influx of CSF into the brain tissue and efflux via the cribriform plate are reduced 24 h after stroke. This may contribute to reported increases in intracranial pressure at 24 h after stroke and thus worsen stroke outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K E Warren
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University Drive, Callaghan, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Hunter New England Health District, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - K G Coupland
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University Drive, Callaghan, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Hunter New England Health District, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - R J Hood
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University Drive, Callaghan, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Hunter New England Health District, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - L Kang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University Drive, Callaghan, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Hunter New England Health District, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - F R Walker
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University Drive, Callaghan, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2308, Australia
- Hunter New England Health District, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - N J Spratt
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University Drive, Callaghan, New Lambton Heights, NSW, 2308, Australia.
- Hunter New England Health District, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Jin P, Munson JM. Fluids and flows in brain cancer and neurological disorders. WIREs Mech Dis 2023; 15:e1582. [PMID: 36000149 PMCID: PMC9869390 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Interstitial fluid (IF) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are an integral part of the brain, serving to cushion and protect the brain parenchymal cells against damage and aid in their function. The brain IF contains various ions, nutrients, waste products, peptides, hormones, and neurotransmitters. IF moves primarily by pressure-dependent bulk flow through brain parenchyma, draining into the ventricular CSF. The brain ventricles and subarachnoid spaces are filled with CSF which circulates through the perivascular spaces. It also flows into the IF space regulated, in part, by aquaporin channels, removing waste solutes through a process of IF-CSF mixing. During disease development, the composition, flow, and volume of these fluids changes and can lead to brain cell dysfunction. With the improvement of imaging technology and the help of genomic profiling, more information has been and can be obtained from brain fluids; however, the role of CSF and IF in brain cancer and neurobiological disease is still limited. Here we outline recent advances of our knowledge of brain fluid flow in cancer and neurodegenerative disease based on our understanding of its dynamics and composition. This article is categorized under: Cancer > Biomedical Engineering Neurological Diseases > Biomedical Engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Jin
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Roanoke Virginia USA
| | - Jennifer M. Munson
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Roanoke Virginia USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Central Stimulatory Effect of Kynurenic Acid on BDNF-TrkB Signaling and BER Enzymatic Activity in the Hippocampal CA1 Field in Sheep. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010136. [PMID: 36613581 PMCID: PMC9820639 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Deficiency of neurotrophic factors and oxidative DNA damage are common causes of many neurodegenerative diseases. Recently, the importance of kynurenic acid (KYNA), an active metabolite of tryptophan, has increased as a neuroprotective molecule in the brain. Therefore, the present study tested the hypothesis that centrally acting KYNA would positively affect: (1) brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-tyrosine receptor kinase B (TrkB) signaling and (2) selected base excision repair (BER) pathway enzymes activities in the hippocampal CA1 field in sheep. Both lower (20 μg in total) and higher (100 μg in total) doses of KYNA infused into the third brain ventricle differentially increased the abundance of BDNF and TrkB mRNA in the CA1 field; additionally, the higher dose increased BDNF tissue concentration. The lower dose of KYNA increased mRNA expression for 8-oxoguanine glycosylase (OGG1), N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase (MPG), and thymine DNA glycosylase and stimulated the repair of 1,N6-ethenodeoxyadenosine and 3,N4-ethenodeoxy-cytosine as determined by the excision efficiency of lesioned nucleobases. The higher dose increased the abundance of OGG1 and MPG transcripts, however, its stimulatory effect on repair activity was less pronounced in all cases compared to the lower dose. The increased level of AP-endonuclease mRNA expression was dose-dependent. In conclusion, the potential neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects of KYNA in brain cells may involve stimulation of the BDNF-TrkB and BER pathways.
Collapse
|
21
|
Revisiting Cerebrospinal Fluid Flow Direction and Rate in Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091764. [PMID: 36145511 PMCID: PMC9504371 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The bidirectional pulsatile movement of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), instead of the traditionally believed unidirectional and constant CSF circulation, has been demonstrated. In the present study, the structure and parameters of the CSF compartments were revisited in our comprehensive and validated central nervous system (CNS)-specific, physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model of healthy rats (LeiCNS-PK3.0). The bidirectional and site-dependent CSF movement was incorporated into LeiCNS-PK3.0 to create the new LeiCNS-PK“3.1” model. The physiological CSF movement rates in healthy rats that are unavailable from the literature were estimated by fitting the PK data of sucrose, a CSF flow marker, after intra-CSF administration. The capability of LeiCNS-PK3.1 to describe the PK profiles of other molecules was compared with that of the original LeiCNS-PK3.0 model. LeiCNS-PK3.1 demonstrated superior description of the CSF PK profiles of a range of small molecules after intra-CSF administration over LeiCNS-PK3.0. LeiCNS-PK3.1 also retained the same level of predictability of CSF PK profiles in cisterna magna after intravenous administration. These results support the theory of bidirectional and site-dependent CSF movement across the entire CSF space over unidirectional and constant CSF circulation in healthy rats, pointing out the need to revisit the structures and parameters of CSF compartments in CNS-PBPK models.
Collapse
|
22
|
dos S. Sousa K, Quiles CL, Muxel SM, Trevisan IL, Ferreira ZS, Markus RP. Brain damage-linked ATP promotes P2X7 receptors mediated pineal N-acetylserotonin release. Neuroscience 2022; 499:12-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
23
|
Watts AG, Kanoski SE, Sanchez-Watts G, Langhans W. The physiological control of eating: signals, neurons, and networks. Physiol Rev 2022; 102:689-813. [PMID: 34486393 PMCID: PMC8759974 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00028.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
During the past 30 yr, investigating the physiology of eating behaviors has generated a truly vast literature. This is fueled in part by a dramatic increase in obesity and its comorbidities that has coincided with an ever increasing sophistication of genetically based manipulations. These techniques have produced results with a remarkable degree of cell specificity, particularly at the cell signaling level, and have played a lead role in advancing the field. However, putting these findings into a brain-wide context that connects physiological signals and neurons to behavior and somatic physiology requires a thorough consideration of neuronal connections: a field that has also seen an extraordinary technological revolution. Our goal is to present a comprehensive and balanced assessment of how physiological signals associated with energy homeostasis interact at many brain levels to control eating behaviors. A major theme is that these signals engage sets of interacting neural networks throughout the brain that are defined by specific neural connections. We begin by discussing some fundamental concepts, including ones that still engender vigorous debate, that provide the necessary frameworks for understanding how the brain controls meal initiation and termination. These include key word definitions, ATP availability as the pivotal regulated variable in energy homeostasis, neuropeptide signaling, homeostatic and hedonic eating, and meal structure. Within this context, we discuss network models of how key regions in the endbrain (or telencephalon), hypothalamus, hindbrain, medulla, vagus nerve, and spinal cord work together with the gastrointestinal tract to enable the complex motor events that permit animals to eat in diverse situations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alan G Watts
- The Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Scott E Kanoski
- The Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Graciela Sanchez-Watts
- The Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Wolfgang Langhans
- Physiology and Behavior Laboratory, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule-Zürich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wallmeier J, Dallmayer M, Omran H. The role of cilia for hydrocephalus formation. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS. PART C, SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2022; 190:47-56. [PMID: 35470956 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hydrocephalus is a common finding in newborns. In most cases, it is caused by intraventricular hemorrhage associated with prematurity, whereas in some patients the cause of hydrocephalus can be traced back to genetic changes, associated with disease syndromes such as RASopathies, lysosomal storage diseases, dystroglycanopathies, craniosynostosis but also ciliopathies. Ciliopathies are a group of diseases that can affect multiple organ systems due to dysfunction or the absence of cilia. Cilia are small organelles, extending from the cell surface. Nonmotile monocilia are ubiquitously present during cell development fulfilling chemosensory functions, whereas specialized epithelia such as the ependyma, lining the inner surface of the brain ventricles, exhibit multiciliated cells propelling fluids along the cell surface. This review highlights ciliopathies and their pathophysiology in congenital hydrocephalus. While nonmotile ciliopathies are often associated with severe prenatal hydrocephalus combined with other severe congenital brain malformations, motile ciliopathies, especially those associated with defects in multiciliogenesis can cause hydrocephalus and chronic lung disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Wallmeier
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Clinic Muenster, Münster, Germany
| | - Marlene Dallmayer
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Clinic Muenster, Münster, Germany
| | - Heymut Omran
- Department of General Pediatrics, University Clinic Muenster, Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Duan P, Han S, Zuo L, An Y, Liu Y, Alshareef A, Lee J, Carass A, Resnick SM, Prince JL. Cranial Meninges Reconstruction Based on Convolutional Networks and Deformable Models: Applications to Longitudinal Study of Normal Aging. PROCEEDINGS OF SPIE--THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR OPTICAL ENGINEERING 2022; 12032:1203215. [PMID: 36325254 PMCID: PMC9623767 DOI: 10.1117/12.2613146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The cranial meninges are membranes enveloping the brain. The space between these membranes contains mainly cerebrospinal fluid. It is of interest to study how the volumes of this space change with respect to normal aging. In this work, we propose to combine convolutional neural networks (CNNs) with nested topology-preserving geometric deformable models (NTGDMs) to reconstruct meningeal surfaces from magnetic resonance (MR) images. We first use CNNs to predict implicit representations of these surfaces then refine them with NTGDMs to achieve sub-voxel accuracy while maintaining spherical topology and the correct anatomical ordering. MR contrast harmonization is used to match the contrasts between training and testing images. We applied our algorithm to a subset of healthy subjects from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging for demonstration purposes and conducted longitudinal statistical analysis of the intracranial volume (ICV) and subarachnoid space (SAS) volume. We found a statistically significant decrease in the ICV and an increase in the SAS volume with respect to normal aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peiyu Duan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
| | - Shuo Han
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
| | - Lianrui Zuo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 20892
| | - Yang An
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 20892
| | - Yihao Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
| | - Ahmed Alshareef
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
| | - Junghoon Lee
- Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287
| | - Aaron Carass
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
| | - Susan M. Resnick
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 20892
| | - Jerry L. Prince
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
OUP accepted manuscript. Nutr Rev 2022; 80:2002-2016. [DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuac019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
|
27
|
Dawes W. Secondary Brain Injury Following Neonatal Intraventricular Hemorrhage: The Role of the Ciliated Ependyma. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:887606. [PMID: 35844746 PMCID: PMC9280684 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.887606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Intraventricular hemorrhage is recognized as a leading cause of hydrocephalus in the developed world and a key determinant of neurodevelopmental outcome following premature birth. Even in the absence of haemorrhagic infarction or posthaemorrhagic hydrocephalus, there is increasing evidence of neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental sequelae. The pathophysiology underlying this injury is thought to be due to a primary destructive and secondary developmental insult, but the exact mechanisms remain elusive and this has resulted in a paucity of therapeutic interventions. The presence of blood within the cerebrospinal fluid results in the loss of the delicate neurohumoral gradient within the developing brain, adversely impacting on the tightly regulated temporal and spatial control of cell proliferation and migration of the neural stem progenitor cells within the subventricular zone. In addition, haemolysis of the erythrocytes, associated with the release of clotting factors and leucocytes into the cerebrospinal (CSF), results in a toxic and inflammatory CSF microenvironment which is harmful to the periventricular tissues, resulting in damage and denudation of the multiciliated ependymal cells which line the choroid plexus and ventricular system. The ependyma plays a critical role in the developing brain and beyond, acting as both a protector and gatekeeper to the underlying parenchyma, controlling influx and efflux across the CSF to brain interstitial fluid interface. In this review I explore the hypothesis that damage and denudation of the ependymal layer at this critical juncture in the developing brain, seen following IVH, may adversely impact on the brain microenvironment, exposing the underlying periventricular tissues to toxic and inflammatory CSF, further exacerbating disordered activity within the subventricular zone (SVZ). By understanding the impact that intraventricular hemorrhage has on the microenvironment within the CSF, and the consequences that this has on the multiciliated ependymal cells which line the neuraxis, we can begin to develop and test novel therapeutic interventions to mitigate damage and reduce the associated morbidity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William Dawes
- Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital BRC, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Sepúlveda V, Maurelia F, González M, Aguayo J, Caprile T. SCO-spondin, a giant matricellular protein that regulates cerebrospinal fluid activity. Fluids Barriers CNS 2021; 18:45. [PMID: 34600566 PMCID: PMC8487547 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-021-00277-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluid is a clear fluid that occupies the ventricular and subarachnoid spaces within and around the brain and spinal cord. Cerebrospinal fluid is a dynamic signaling milieu that transports nutrients, waste materials and neuroactive substances that are crucial for the development, homeostasis and functionality of the central nervous system. The mechanisms that enable cerebrospinal fluid to simultaneously exert these homeostatic/dynamic functions are not fully understood. SCO-spondin is a large glycoprotein secreted since the early stages of development into the cerebrospinal fluid. Its domain architecture resembles a combination of a matricellular protein and the ligand-binding region of LDL receptor family. The matricellular proteins are a group of extracellular proteins with the capacity to interact with different molecules, such as growth factors, cytokines and cellular receptors; enabling the integration of information to modulate various physiological and pathological processes. In the same way, the LDL receptor family interacts with many ligands, including β-amyloid peptide and different growth factors. The domains similarity suggests that SCO-spondin is a matricellular protein enabled to bind, modulate, and transport different cerebrospinal fluid molecules. SCO-spondin can be found soluble or polymerized into a dynamic threadlike structure called the Reissner fiber, which extends from the diencephalon to the caudal tip of the spinal cord. Reissner fiber continuously moves caudally as new SCO-spondin molecules are added at the cephalic end and are disaggregated at the caudal end. This movement, like a conveyor belt, allows the transport of the bound molecules, thereby increasing their lifespan and action radius. The binding of SCO-spondin to some relevant molecules has already been reported; however, in this review we suggest more than 30 possible binding partners, including peptide β-amyloid and several growth factors. This new perspective characterizes SCO-spondin as a regulator of cerebrospinal fluid activity, explaining its high evolutionary conservation, its apparent multifunctionality, and the lethality or severe malformations, such as hydrocephalus and curved body axis, of knockout embryos. Understanding the regulation and identifying binding partners of SCO-spondin are crucial for better comprehension of cerebrospinal fluid physiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vania Sepúlveda
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Felipe Maurelia
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Maryori González
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Jaime Aguayo
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Teresa Caprile
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Vernerey FJ, Lalitha Sridhar S, Muralidharan A, Bryant SJ. Mechanics of 3D Cell-Hydrogel Interactions: Experiments, Models, and Mechanisms. Chem Rev 2021; 121:11085-11148. [PMID: 34473466 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels are highly water-swollen molecular networks that are ideal platforms to create tissue mimetics owing to their vast and tunable properties. As such, hydrogels are promising cell-delivery vehicles for applications in tissue engineering and have also emerged as an important base for ex vivo models to study healthy and pathophysiological events in a carefully controlled three-dimensional environment. Cells are readily encapsulated in hydrogels resulting in a plethora of biochemical and mechanical communication mechanisms, which recapitulates the natural cell and extracellular matrix interaction in tissues. These interactions are complex, with multiple events that are invariably coupled and spanning multiple length and time scales. To study and identify the underlying mechanisms involved, an integrated experimental and computational approach is ideally needed. This review discusses the state of our knowledge on cell-hydrogel interactions, with a focus on mechanics and transport, and in this context, highlights recent advancements in experiments, mathematical and computational modeling. The review begins with a background on the thermodynamics and physics fundamentals that govern hydrogel mechanics and transport. The review focuses on two main classes of hydrogels, described as semiflexible polymer networks that represent physically cross-linked fibrous hydrogels and flexible polymer networks representing the chemically cross-linked synthetic and natural hydrogels. In this review, we highlight five main cell-hydrogel interactions that involve key cellular functions related to communication, mechanosensing, migration, growth, and tissue deposition and elaboration. For each of these cellular functions, recent experiments and the most up to date modeling strategies are discussed and then followed by a summary of how to tune hydrogel properties to achieve a desired functional cellular outcome. We conclude with a summary linking these advancements and make the case for the need to integrate experiments and modeling to advance our fundamental understanding of cell-matrix interactions that will ultimately help identify new therapeutic approaches and enable successful tissue engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Franck J Vernerey
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, 1111 Engineering Drive, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0428, United States.,Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado at Boulder, 4001 Discovery Drive, Boulder, Colorado 80309-613, United States
| | - Shankar Lalitha Sridhar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, 1111 Engineering Drive, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0428, United States
| | - Archish Muralidharan
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado at Boulder, 4001 Discovery Drive, Boulder, Colorado 80309-613, United States
| | - Stephanie J Bryant
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado at Boulder, 4001 Discovery Drive, Boulder, Colorado 80309-613, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado at Boulder, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0596, United States.,BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado at Boulder, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0596, United States
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Nur İH, Keleş H, Ünlükal N, Solmaz M, Erdoğan E, Pérez W. A new definition about the relationship of intercellular fluid in the brain with the mandibular and parotid lymph nodes. Microsc Res Tech 2021; 85:220-232. [PMID: 34369631 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
This study was carried out to reveal the relationship of the brain with both the mandibular lymph node (MLN) and parotid lymph node (PLN) by the hyperspectral fluorescence imaging techniques of Qdot 800 (QD) nanoparticles using in vivo. This relationship of the brain with both lymph nodes offers the preliminary morphological definition of lymphatic drainage. QD was injected into the left parietal brain lobe of each rat at a depth of 2.50 mm. In 65% of the rats that were imaged in vivo, signals were received first from the right MLN and PLN, and then from the left MLN and PLN. In contrast, in two female rats, the first signal was received from the right PLN. There was no difference between the female and male rats overall. The most noteworthy finding of this study was that the tracer injected into the left parietal lobe reached the right mandibular and parotid lymph nodules earlier. This result indicates a different and unknown pathway in the brain that communicates with the lymph nodes. Moreover, this study shows that these lymph nodes pathways can be used in the treatment of diseases such as brain trauma, cerebral edema, and Alzheimer's disease (AD).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- İsmail Hakkı Nur
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Hacı Keleş
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Nigde Omer Halisdemir University, Nigde, Turkey
| | - Nejat Ünlükal
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Merve Solmaz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Ender Erdoğan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - William Pérez
- Unidad de Anatomia, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Nikolenko VN, Oganesyan MV, Vovkogon AD, Nikitina AT, Sozonova EA, Kudryashova VA, Rizaeva NA, Cabezas R, Avila-Rodriguez M, Neganova ME, Mikhaleva LM, Bachurin SO, Somasundaram SG, Kirkland CE, Tarasov VV, Aliev G. Current Understanding of Central Nervous System Drainage Systems: Implications in the Context of Neurodegenerative Diseases. Curr Neuropharmacol 2021; 18:1054-1063. [PMID: 31729299 PMCID: PMC7709156 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x17666191113103850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Until recently, it was thought that there were no lymphatic vessels in the central nervous system (CNS). Therefore, all metabolic processes were assumed to take place only in the circulation of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and through the blood-brain barrier's (BBB), which regulate ion transport and ensure the functioning of the CNS. However, recent findings yield a new perspective: There is an exchange of CSF with interstitial fluid (ISF), which is drained to the paravenous space and reaches lymphatic nodes at the end. This circulation is known as the glymphatic system. The glymphatic system is an extensive network of meningeal lymphatic vessels (MLV) in the basal area of the skull that provides another path for waste products from CNS to reach the bloodstream. MLV develop postnatally, initially appearing around the foramina in the basal part of the skull and the spinal cord, thereafter sprouting along the skull's blood vessels and spinal nerves in various areas of the meninges. VEGF-C protein (vascular endothelial growth factor), expressed mainly by vascular smooth cells, plays an important role in the development of the MLV. The regenerative potential and plasticity of MLV and the novel discoveries related to CNS drainage offer potential for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as dementia, hydrocephalus, stroke, multiple sclerosis, and Alzheimer disease (AD). Herein, we present an overview of the structure and function of the glymphatic system and MLV, and their potential involvement in the pathology and progression of neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir N Nikolenko
- Department of Human Anatomy, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), St. Trubetskaya, 8, bld. 2, Moscow, 119991, Russia,Department of Normal and Topographic Anatomy, Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Marine V Oganesyan
- Department of Human Anatomy, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), St. Trubetskaya, 8, bld. 2, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Angela D Vovkogon
- Department of Human Anatomy, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), St. Trubetskaya, 8, bld. 2, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Arina T Nikitina
- Department of Human Anatomy, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), St. Trubetskaya, 8, bld. 2, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A Sozonova
- Department of Human Anatomy, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), St. Trubetskaya, 8, bld. 2, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Valentina A Kudryashova
- Department of Human Anatomy, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), St. Trubetskaya, 8, bld. 2, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Negoria A Rizaeva
- Department of Human Anatomy, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), St. Trubetskaya, 8, bld. 2, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Ricardo Cabezas
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Science Faculty, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Marco Avila-Rodriguez
- Health Sciences Faculty, Clinic Sciences Department, University of Tolima, 730006 Ibague, Colombia
| | - Margarita E Neganova
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, 142432, Russia
| | - Liudmila M Mikhaleva
- Research Institute of Human Morphology, 3 Tsyurupy Street, Moscow, 117418, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey O Bachurin
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, 142432, Russia
| | | | - Cecil E Kirkland
- Department of Biological Sciences, Salem University, Salem, WV, USA
| | - Vadim V Tarasov
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), St. Trubetskaya, 8, bld. 2, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Gjumrakch Aliev
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, 142432, Russia,Research Institute of Human Morphology, 3 Tsyurupy Street, Moscow, 117418, Russian Federation,Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), St. Trubetskaya, 8, bld. 2, Moscow, 119991, Russia,GALLY International Research Institute, 7733 Louis Pasteur Drive, #330, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zilberman A, Cornelison RC. Microphysiological models of the central nervous system with fluid flow. Brain Res Bull 2021; 174:72-83. [PMID: 34029679 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2021.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
There are over 1,000 described neurological and neurodegenerative disorders affecting nearly 100 million Americans - roughly one third of the U.S. population. Collectively, treatment of neurological conditions is estimated to cost $800 billion every year. Lowering this societal burden will require developing better model systems in which to study these diverse disorders. Microphysiological systems are promising tools for modeling healthy and diseased neural tissues to study mechanisms and treatment of neuropathology. One major benefit of microphysiological systems is the ability to incorporate biophysical forces, namely the forces derived from biological fluid flow. Fluid flow in the central nervous system (CNS) is a complex but important element of physiology, and pathologies as diverse as traumatic or ischemic injury, cancer, neurodegenerative disease, and natural aging have all been found to alter flow pathways. In this review, we summarize recent advances in three-dimensional microphysiological systems for studying the biology and therapy of CNS disorders and highlight the ability and growing need to incorporate biological fluid flow in these miniaturized model systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleeza Zilberman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, United States
| | - R Chase Cornelison
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Lee K, Kittel C, Aldridge JB, Wolfe SQ, Brown P, Fargen KM. Correlation between intracranial pressure and venous sinus pressures in patients undergoing cerebral venography and manometry. J Neurointerv Surg 2021; 13:1162-1166. [PMID: 33674395 DOI: 10.1136/neurintsurg-2020-017161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathophysiology of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is complex but is directly related to cerebral venous hypertension. Few studies have simultaneously recorded venous sinus pressures and lumbar puncture (LP) opening pressure (OP) to understand the relationship between these factors without temporal confounding. METHODS A retrospective review was performed of patients with a known or suspected diagnosis of IIH who underwent cerebral venography with manometry followed immediately by LP. RESULTS 47 patients aged 16-68 years met inclusion criteria. 91.5% were female. Mean body mass index (BMI) was 33.3 kg/m2. Of the included patients, median OP was 21 cm H2O (IQR (15.5, 26.5)). Mean (SD) recorded superior sagittal sinus (SSS) and torcular pressures were 25.5 (16.5) mm Hg and 23.8 (16.6) mm Hg, respectively. Twenty patients (42.6%) were discovered to have a trans-stenosis gradient of 8 mm Hg or greater. Transverse sinus, torcula, and SSS pressures were all significantly predicted by OP. On regression analysis, torcular pressures were best predicted by OP of the three measured sites. For 17 patients with OP <20 cm H2O (36.2%), mean (SD) SSS and torcular pressures were 13.5 (4.2) mm Hg and 15.4 (6.7) mm Hg, respectively, suggesting that normally SSS pressures should measure <18 mm Hg (80th percentile) in non-pathologic conditions. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to correlate venous sinus pressures and OP in patients with IIH with LP performed directly after manometry. In 47 patients, LP OP significantly predicted transverse sinus, torcula, and SSS pressures. Torcular pressures (mm Hg) were most accurately predicted by OP (cm H2O) in a nearly one-to-one relationship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katriel Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Carol Kittel
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | | | - Stacey Q Wolfe
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Patrick Brown
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kyle M Fargen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Hidese S, Hattori K, Sasayama D, Tsumagari T, Miyakawa T, Matsumura R, Yokota Y, Ishida I, Matsuo J, Yoshida S, Ota M, Kunugi H. Cerebrospinal Fluid Inflammatory Cytokine Levels in Patients With Major Psychiatric Disorders: A Multiplex Immunoassay Study. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:594394. [PMID: 33708113 PMCID: PMC7941212 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.594394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Accumulating evidence suggests that neural inflammation plays an important role in psychiatric disorders. We aimed to identify inflammatory cytokines involved in the pathophysiology of such disorders by quantifying them in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from a large sample of patients with major psychiatric disorders and healthy controls. Methods: The subjects included 94 patients with schizophrenia, 68 with bipolar disorder, 104 with major depressive disorder, and 118 healthy controls, matched for age, sex, and ethnicity (Japanese). Lumbar puncture was performed to collect these CSF samples. A multiplex immunoassay was then performed to measure CSF cytokine levels using magnetic on-bead antibody conjugation for 19 inflammatory cytokines. Results: CSF interferon-β level was significantly higher in total psychiatric patients than in healthy controls (corrected p = 0.000029). In diagnostic group comparisons, CSF interferon-β level was significantly higher in patients with schizophrenia, or bipolar disorder (corrected p = 0.000047 or 0.0034) than in healthy controls. Conclusion: We present novel evidence that CSF IFN-β level showed prominent statistical differences between psychiatric groups and healthy controls. This suggests IFN-β as the most important player among the 19 cytokines tested here in the inflammation-related pathophysiology of major psychiatric disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Hidese
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kotaro Hattori
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan.,Medical Genome Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daimei Sasayama
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Tsumagari
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan.,Medical Genome Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Miyakawa
- Medical Genome Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Matsumura
- Medical Genome Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuuki Yokota
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan.,Medical Genome Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ikki Ishida
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junko Matsuo
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sumiko Yoshida
- Medical Genome Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miho Ota
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kunugi
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Mezey É, Szalayova I, Hogden CT, Brady A, Dósa Á, Sótonyi P, Palkovits M. An immunohistochemical study of lymphatic elements in the human brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2002574118. [PMID: 33446503 PMCID: PMC7826383 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2002574118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Almost 150 papers about brain lymphatics have been published in the last 150 years. Recently, the information in these papers has been synthesized into a picture of central nervous system (CNS) "glymphatics," but the fine structure of lymphatic elements in the human brain based on imaging specific markers of lymphatic endothelium has not been described. We used LYVE1 and PDPN antibodies to visualize lymphatic marker-positive cells (LMPCs) in postmortem human brain samples, meninges, cavernous sinus (cavum trigeminale), and cranial nerves and bolstered our findings with a VEGFR3 antibody. LMPCs were present in the perivascular space, the walls of small and large arteries and veins, the media of large vessels along smooth muscle cell membranes, and the vascular adventitia. Lymphatic marker staining was detected in the pia mater, in the arachnoid, in venous sinuses, and among the layers of the dura mater. There were many LMPCs in the perineurium and endoneurium of cranial nerves. Soluble waste may move from the brain parenchyma via perivascular and paravascular routes to the closest subarachnoid space and then travel along the dura mater and/or cranial nerves. Particulate waste products travel along the laminae of the dura mater toward the jugular fossa, lamina cribrosa, and perineurium of the cranial nerves to enter the cervical lymphatics. CD3-positive T cells appear to be in close proximity to LMPCs in perivascular/perineural spaces throughout the brain. Both immunostaining and qPCR confirmed the presence of adhesion molecules in the CNS known to be involved in T cell migration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Éva Mezey
- Adult Stem Cell Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892;
| | - Ildikó Szalayova
- Adult Stem Cell Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Christopher T Hogden
- Adult Stem Cell Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Alexandra Brady
- Adult Stem Cell Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Ágnes Dósa
- Department of Forensic Sciences, Semmelweis University, H-1091 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Sótonyi
- Department of Forensic Sciences, Semmelweis University, H-1091 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miklós Palkovits
- Human Brain Tissue Bank, Semmelweis University, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Liu W, Zheng Y, Zhang F, Zhu M, Guo Q, Xu H, Liu C, Chen H, Wang X, Hu Y, Zhang T, Lin Z, Zhang C, Li G, Jiang K, Liu X. A Preliminary Investigation on Plasma Cell Adhesion Molecules Levels by Protein Microarray Technology in Major Depressive Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:627469. [PMID: 33912082 PMCID: PMC8071998 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.627469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a serious mental disorder, and there is a great difficulty to diagnose and treat. Hitherto, relatively few studies have explored the correlation between the levels of plasma cell adhesion molecules and MDD. Methods: Thirty outpatients with acute episodes of MDD in Shanghai Mental Health Center and 34 healthy volunteers from the community were recruited as subjects. Protein microarray technology was applied to compared the differences in plasma levels of 17 kinds of adhesion molecular proteins between the two groups. Meanwhile, the diagnostic value of different proteins in depression was discussed by using the receiver operating characteristic curve. Results: The levels of Carcinoembryonic Antigen Related Cell Adhesion Molecule-1(CEACAM-1) and Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule (NrCAM) in MDD patients were significantly higher than those in healthy controls (P < 0.05). The area under ROC curve of CEACAM-1 combined with NrCAM was 0.723, with the sensitivity 0.800 and the specificity 0.676. Conclusion: The plasma levels of CEACAM-1 and NrCAM were significantly up-regulated in MDD, and their combined application was of potential diagnostic value, deserving to expand the sample size for further verification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wanying Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanqun Zheng
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fuxu Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mo Zhu
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Guo
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Caiping Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiying Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoliang Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianhong Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiguang Lin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guanjun Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaida Jiang
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Chokeberry anthocyanins and their metabolites ability to cross the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier. Food Chem 2020; 346:128730. [PMID: 33293147 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine whether anthocyanins and their phase II metabolites permeate the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (B-CSF-B) of sheep and to profile these compounds in sheep biofluids after chokeberry intraruminal administration. Anthocyanins were analyzed using micro-HPLC-MS/MS. After chokeberry administration, anthocyanins were absorbed and occurred in body fluids mainly in the form of methylated, glucuronidated, and sulfated derivatives (in total, 21 derivatives were identified). The study showed that anthocyanins penetrated the B-CSF-B and their change in profile and concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) resulted from fluctuations in concentrations of these compounds in blood plasma, although the presence of various cyanidin derivatives in CSF also depended on their chemical structure. The biological fate of chokeberry anthocyanins, from absorption into blood to penetration into CSF, was tracked to facilitate the design of further experimental procedures to determine the biological properties of these compounds, including potentially neuroprotective activities.
Collapse
|
38
|
de Sonnaville SFAM, van Strien ME, Middeldorp J, Sluijs JA, van den Berge SA, Moeton M, Donega V, van Berkel A, Deering T, De Filippis L, Vescovi AL, Aronica E, Glass R, van de Berg WDJ, Swaab DF, Robe PA, Hol EM. The adult human subventricular zone: partial ependymal coverage and proliferative capacity of cerebrospinal fluid. Brain Commun 2020; 2:fcaa150. [PMID: 33376983 PMCID: PMC7750937 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcaa150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurogenesis continues throughout adulthood in specialized regions of the brain. One of these regions is the subventricular zone. During brain development, neurogenesis is regulated by a complex interplay of intrinsic and extrinsic cues that control stem-cell survival, renewal and cell lineage specification. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is an integral part of the neurogenic niche in development as it is in direct contact with radial glial cells, and it is important in regulating proliferation and migration. Yet, the effect of CSF on neural stem cells in the subventricular zone of the adult human brain is unknown. We hypothesized a persistent stimulating effect of ventricular CSF on neural stem cells in adulthood, based on the literature, describing bulging accumulations of subventricular cells where CSF is in direct contact with the subventricular zone. Here, we show by immunohistochemistry on post-mortem adult human subventricular zone sections that neural stem cells are in close contact with CSF via protrusions through both intact and incomplete ependymal layers. We are the first to systematically quantify subventricular glial nodules denuded of ependyma and consisting of proliferating neural stem and progenitor cells, and showed that they are present from foetal age until adulthood. Neurosphere, cell motility and differentiation assays as well as analyses of RNA expression were used to assess the effects of CSF of adult humans on primary neural stem cells and a human immortalized neural stem cell line. We show that human ventricular CSF increases proliferation and decreases motility of neural stem cells. Our results also indicate that adult CSF pushes neural stem cells from a relative quiescent to a more active state and promotes neuronal over astrocytic lineage differentiation. Thus, CSF continues to stimulate neural stem cells throughout aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophia F A M de Sonnaville
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Centre, University Medical Centre Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Miriam E van Strien
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Centre, University Medical Centre Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jinte Middeldorp
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Centre, University Medical Centre Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline A Sluijs
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Centre, University Medical Centre Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Simone A van den Berge
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, An Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martina Moeton
- Department of Neuroimmunology, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, An Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vanessa Donega
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Centre, University Medical Centre Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Annemiek van Berkel
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Centre, University Medical Centre Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tasmin Deering
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Centre, University Medical Centre Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lidia De Filippis
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Angelo L Vescovi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Department of (Neuro)pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rainer Glass
- Department of Neurosurgical Research, Clinic for Neurosurgery, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Wilma D J van de Berg
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, Section Clinical Neuroanatomy, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Location VU, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dick F Swaab
- Department of Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, An Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pierre A Robe
- Department of Neurosurgery, UMC Utrecht Brain Centre, University Medical Centre Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Elly M Hol
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Centre, University Medical Centre Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Platosz N, Bączek N, Topolska J, Szawara-Nowak D, Misztal T, Wiczkowski W. The Blood-Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier Is Selective for Red Cabbage Anthocyanins and Their Metabolites. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:8274-8285. [PMID: 32640787 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c03170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The study aim was to determine whether strongly bioactive hydrophilic red cabbage anthocyanins possess the ability to cross the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (blood-CSF barrier) and whether there is a selectivity of this barrier toward these compounds. To fulfill objectives, red cabbage preparation, containing nonacylated and acylated anthocyanins, was administered to 16 sheep with implanted cannulas into the brain third ventricle, and next, within 10 h, blood, urine, and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were collected and analyzed with HPLC-MS/MS. Though, in blood plasma and urine after red cabbage intake, both, acylated and nonacylated anthocyanins and their metabolites occurred, but only nonacylated derivatives were present in the CSF, and their changes in the profile and concentration in the CSF resulted from the fluctuation of these pigments' concentration and profile in blood, their different abilities to permeate via the blood-CSF barrier, and their transformations in this barrier. Results indicate that the blood-CSF barrier is selective for red cabbage anthocyanins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Platosz
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences in Olsztyn, Tuwima 10 Str., 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Natalia Bączek
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences in Olsztyn, Tuwima 10 Str., 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Joanna Topolska
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences in Olsztyn, Tuwima 10 Str., 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Dorota Szawara-Nowak
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences in Olsztyn, Tuwima 10 Str., 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Tomasz Misztal
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabl̷onna, Poland
| | - Wieslaw Wiczkowski
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences in Olsztyn, Tuwima 10 Str., 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Robson EA, Dixon L, Causon L, Dawes W, Benenati M, Fassad M, Hirst RA, Kenia P, Moya EF, Patel M, Peckham D, Rutman A, Mitchison HM, Mankad K, O'Callaghan C. Hydrocephalus and diffuse choroid plexus hyperplasia in primary ciliary dyskinesia-related MCIDAS mutation. NEUROLOGY-GENETICS 2020; 6:e482. [PMID: 32802948 PMCID: PMC7371369 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Objective To report a neuroradiologic phenotype associated with reduced generation of multiple motile cilia (RGMC) and mutations in the multicilin gene. We hypothesize that the observed phenotype may reflect the emerging role that ependymal cilia play in regulating CSF production. Method Clinical and radiologic records were retrospectively reviewed for 7 consecutive patients diagnosed by the Leicester UK national primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) diagnostic laboratory. Results On MRI scanning, all patients demonstrated hydrocephalus, choroid plexus hyperplasia (CPH), and arachnoid cysts. No patient had any sign of neurologic deficit. All patients had significant lung disease. Conclusions We conclude that there is a high incidence of hydrocephalus, arachnoid cysts, and CPH in MCIDAS-associated RGMC. In all cases, the observed hydrocephalus seems arrested in childhood without progression or adverse neurologic sequelae. Our new observation of CPH, which is associated with CSF overproduction, is the first macroscopic evidence that ependymal cilia may be involved in the regulation of CSF production and flow. We suggest that brain imaging should be performed in all cases of RGMC and that a diagnosis of PCD or RGMC be strongly considered in patients with unexplained hydrocephalus and a lifelong “wet”-sounding cough.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evie Alexandra Robson
- North of England Paediatric Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Management Service (E.A.R., E.F.M., D.P.), Leeds General Infirmary, Great George Street, UK; Department of Radiology (L.D., W.D., M.B., K.M.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK; Centre for PCD Diagnosis and Research (R.A.H., A.R., C.O.), Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, UK; Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital (L.C., P.K.), Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham, UK; Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme (M.F., H.M.), University College London, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Human Genetics (M.F.), Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, El- Hadra, Alexandria, Egypt; The North of England Adult Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Management service, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK; and UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health & NIHR GOSH BRC (C.O.), London, UK
| | - Luke Dixon
- North of England Paediatric Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Management Service (E.A.R., E.F.M., D.P.), Leeds General Infirmary, Great George Street, UK; Department of Radiology (L.D., W.D., M.B., K.M.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK; Centre for PCD Diagnosis and Research (R.A.H., A.R., C.O.), Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, UK; Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital (L.C., P.K.), Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham, UK; Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme (M.F., H.M.), University College London, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Human Genetics (M.F.), Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, El- Hadra, Alexandria, Egypt; The North of England Adult Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Management service, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK; and UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health & NIHR GOSH BRC (C.O.), London, UK
| | - Liam Causon
- North of England Paediatric Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Management Service (E.A.R., E.F.M., D.P.), Leeds General Infirmary, Great George Street, UK; Department of Radiology (L.D., W.D., M.B., K.M.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK; Centre for PCD Diagnosis and Research (R.A.H., A.R., C.O.), Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, UK; Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital (L.C., P.K.), Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham, UK; Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme (M.F., H.M.), University College London, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Human Genetics (M.F.), Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, El- Hadra, Alexandria, Egypt; The North of England Adult Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Management service, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK; and UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health & NIHR GOSH BRC (C.O.), London, UK
| | - William Dawes
- North of England Paediatric Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Management Service (E.A.R., E.F.M., D.P.), Leeds General Infirmary, Great George Street, UK; Department of Radiology (L.D., W.D., M.B., K.M.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK; Centre for PCD Diagnosis and Research (R.A.H., A.R., C.O.), Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, UK; Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital (L.C., P.K.), Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham, UK; Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme (M.F., H.M.), University College London, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Human Genetics (M.F.), Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, El- Hadra, Alexandria, Egypt; The North of England Adult Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Management service, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK; and UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health & NIHR GOSH BRC (C.O.), London, UK
| | - Massimo Benenati
- North of England Paediatric Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Management Service (E.A.R., E.F.M., D.P.), Leeds General Infirmary, Great George Street, UK; Department of Radiology (L.D., W.D., M.B., K.M.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK; Centre for PCD Diagnosis and Research (R.A.H., A.R., C.O.), Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, UK; Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital (L.C., P.K.), Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham, UK; Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme (M.F., H.M.), University College London, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Human Genetics (M.F.), Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, El- Hadra, Alexandria, Egypt; The North of England Adult Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Management service, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK; and UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health & NIHR GOSH BRC (C.O.), London, UK
| | - Mahmoud Fassad
- North of England Paediatric Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Management Service (E.A.R., E.F.M., D.P.), Leeds General Infirmary, Great George Street, UK; Department of Radiology (L.D., W.D., M.B., K.M.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK; Centre for PCD Diagnosis and Research (R.A.H., A.R., C.O.), Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, UK; Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital (L.C., P.K.), Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham, UK; Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme (M.F., H.M.), University College London, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Human Genetics (M.F.), Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, El- Hadra, Alexandria, Egypt; The North of England Adult Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Management service, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK; and UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health & NIHR GOSH BRC (C.O.), London, UK
| | - Robert Anthony Hirst
- North of England Paediatric Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Management Service (E.A.R., E.F.M., D.P.), Leeds General Infirmary, Great George Street, UK; Department of Radiology (L.D., W.D., M.B., K.M.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK; Centre for PCD Diagnosis and Research (R.A.H., A.R., C.O.), Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, UK; Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital (L.C., P.K.), Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham, UK; Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme (M.F., H.M.), University College London, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Human Genetics (M.F.), Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, El- Hadra, Alexandria, Egypt; The North of England Adult Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Management service, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK; and UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health & NIHR GOSH BRC (C.O.), London, UK
| | - Priti Kenia
- North of England Paediatric Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Management Service (E.A.R., E.F.M., D.P.), Leeds General Infirmary, Great George Street, UK; Department of Radiology (L.D., W.D., M.B., K.M.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK; Centre for PCD Diagnosis and Research (R.A.H., A.R., C.O.), Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, UK; Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital (L.C., P.K.), Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham, UK; Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme (M.F., H.M.), University College London, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Human Genetics (M.F.), Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, El- Hadra, Alexandria, Egypt; The North of England Adult Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Management service, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK; and UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health & NIHR GOSH BRC (C.O.), London, UK
| | - Eduardo Fernandez Moya
- North of England Paediatric Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Management Service (E.A.R., E.F.M., D.P.), Leeds General Infirmary, Great George Street, UK; Department of Radiology (L.D., W.D., M.B., K.M.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK; Centre for PCD Diagnosis and Research (R.A.H., A.R., C.O.), Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, UK; Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital (L.C., P.K.), Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham, UK; Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme (M.F., H.M.), University College London, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Human Genetics (M.F.), Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, El- Hadra, Alexandria, Egypt; The North of England Adult Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Management service, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK; and UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health & NIHR GOSH BRC (C.O.), London, UK
| | - Mitali Patel
- North of England Paediatric Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Management Service (E.A.R., E.F.M., D.P.), Leeds General Infirmary, Great George Street, UK; Department of Radiology (L.D., W.D., M.B., K.M.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK; Centre for PCD Diagnosis and Research (R.A.H., A.R., C.O.), Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, UK; Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital (L.C., P.K.), Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham, UK; Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme (M.F., H.M.), University College London, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Human Genetics (M.F.), Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, El- Hadra, Alexandria, Egypt; The North of England Adult Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Management service, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK; and UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health & NIHR GOSH BRC (C.O.), London, UK
| | - Daniel Peckham
- North of England Paediatric Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Management Service (E.A.R., E.F.M., D.P.), Leeds General Infirmary, Great George Street, UK; Department of Radiology (L.D., W.D., M.B., K.M.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK; Centre for PCD Diagnosis and Research (R.A.H., A.R., C.O.), Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, UK; Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital (L.C., P.K.), Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham, UK; Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme (M.F., H.M.), University College London, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Human Genetics (M.F.), Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, El- Hadra, Alexandria, Egypt; The North of England Adult Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Management service, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK; and UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health & NIHR GOSH BRC (C.O.), London, UK
| | - Andrew Rutman
- North of England Paediatric Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Management Service (E.A.R., E.F.M., D.P.), Leeds General Infirmary, Great George Street, UK; Department of Radiology (L.D., W.D., M.B., K.M.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK; Centre for PCD Diagnosis and Research (R.A.H., A.R., C.O.), Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, UK; Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital (L.C., P.K.), Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham, UK; Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme (M.F., H.M.), University College London, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Human Genetics (M.F.), Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, El- Hadra, Alexandria, Egypt; The North of England Adult Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Management service, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK; and UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health & NIHR GOSH BRC (C.O.), London, UK
| | - Hannah M Mitchison
- North of England Paediatric Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Management Service (E.A.R., E.F.M., D.P.), Leeds General Infirmary, Great George Street, UK; Department of Radiology (L.D., W.D., M.B., K.M.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK; Centre for PCD Diagnosis and Research (R.A.H., A.R., C.O.), Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, UK; Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital (L.C., P.K.), Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham, UK; Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme (M.F., H.M.), University College London, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Human Genetics (M.F.), Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, El- Hadra, Alexandria, Egypt; The North of England Adult Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Management service, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK; and UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health & NIHR GOSH BRC (C.O.), London, UK
| | - Kshitij Mankad
- North of England Paediatric Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Management Service (E.A.R., E.F.M., D.P.), Leeds General Infirmary, Great George Street, UK; Department of Radiology (L.D., W.D., M.B., K.M.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK; Centre for PCD Diagnosis and Research (R.A.H., A.R., C.O.), Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, UK; Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital (L.C., P.K.), Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham, UK; Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme (M.F., H.M.), University College London, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Human Genetics (M.F.), Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, El- Hadra, Alexandria, Egypt; The North of England Adult Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Management service, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK; and UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health & NIHR GOSH BRC (C.O.), London, UK
| | - Christopher O'Callaghan
- North of England Paediatric Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Management Service (E.A.R., E.F.M., D.P.), Leeds General Infirmary, Great George Street, UK; Department of Radiology (L.D., W.D., M.B., K.M.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK; Centre for PCD Diagnosis and Research (R.A.H., A.R., C.O.), Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, UK; Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital (L.C., P.K.), Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham, UK; Genetics and Genomic Medicine Programme (M.F., H.M.), University College London, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Department of Human Genetics (M.F.), Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, El- Hadra, Alexandria, Egypt; The North of England Adult Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Management service, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK; and UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health & NIHR GOSH BRC (C.O.), London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Hidese S, Hattori K, Sasayama D, Tsumagari T, Miyakawa T, Matsumura R, Yokota Y, Ishida I, Matsuo J, Yoshida S, Ota M, Kunugi H. Cerebrospinal fluid neuroplasticity-associated protein levels in patients with psychiatric disorders: a multiplex immunoassay study. Transl Psychiatry 2020; 10:161. [PMID: 32439851 PMCID: PMC7242469 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-0843-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
To examine the role of neuroplasticity in the pathology of psychiatric disorders, we measured cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) neuroplasticity-associated protein levels. Participants were 94 patients with schizophrenia, 68 with bipolar disorder (BD), 104 with major depressive disorder (MDD), and 118 healthy controls, matched for age, sex, and ethnicity (Japanese). A multiplex immunoassay (22-plex assay) was performed to measure CSF neuroplasticity-associated protein levels. Among 22 proteins, 11 were successfully measured in the assay. CSF amyloid precursor protein (APP) and glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) levels were significantly lower in patients with schizophrenia, and CSF APP and neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM)-1 levels were significantly lower in patients with BD, than in healthy controls (all p < 0.05). Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale total, positive, and general scores were significantly and positively correlated with CSF hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) (p < 0.01) and S100 calcium-binding protein B (S100B) (p < 0.05) levels in patients with schizophrenia. Young mania-rating scale score was significantly and positively correlated with CSF S100B level in patients with BD (p < 0.05). Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, core, sleep, activity, somatic anxiety, and delusion subscale scores were significantly and positively correlated with CSF HGF level, while sleep subscale score was positively correlated with CSF S100B and VEGF receptor 2 levels in patients with MDD (p < 0.05). Our results suggest that CSF APP, GDNF, and NCAM-1 levels are associated with psychiatric disorders, and that CSF HGF, S100B, and VEGF receptor 2 levels are related to psychiatric symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Hidese
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan.
| | - Kotaro Hattori
- grid.419280.60000 0004 1763 8916Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502 Japan ,grid.419280.60000 0004 1763 8916Medical Genome Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8551 Japan
| | - Daimei Sasayama
- grid.419280.60000 0004 1763 8916Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502 Japan
| | - Takuya Tsumagari
- grid.419280.60000 0004 1763 8916Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502 Japan ,grid.419280.60000 0004 1763 8916Medical Genome Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8551 Japan
| | - Tomoko Miyakawa
- grid.419280.60000 0004 1763 8916Medical Genome Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8551 Japan
| | - Ryo Matsumura
- grid.419280.60000 0004 1763 8916Medical Genome Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8551 Japan
| | - Yuuki Yokota
- grid.419280.60000 0004 1763 8916Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502 Japan ,grid.419280.60000 0004 1763 8916Medical Genome Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8551 Japan
| | - Ikki Ishida
- grid.419280.60000 0004 1763 8916Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502 Japan
| | - Junko Matsuo
- grid.419280.60000 0004 1763 8916Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502 Japan
| | - Sumiko Yoshida
- grid.419280.60000 0004 1763 8916Medical Genome Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8551 Japan ,grid.419280.60000 0004 1763 8916Department of Psychiatry, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8551 Japan
| | - Miho Ota
- grid.419280.60000 0004 1763 8916Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo 187-8502 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kunugi
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, 4-1-1, Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Li Q, Aalling NN, Förstera B, Ertürk A, Nedergaard M, Møllgård K, Xavier ALR. Aquaporin 1 and the Na +/K +/2Cl - cotransporter 1 are present in the leptomeningeal vasculature of the adult rodent central nervous system. Fluids Barriers CNS 2020; 17:15. [PMID: 32046744 PMCID: PMC7014736 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-020-0176-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The classical view of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) production posits the choroid plexus as its major source. Although previous studies indicate that part of CSF production occurs in the subarachnoid space (SAS), the mechanisms underlying extra-choroidal CSF production remain elusive. We here investigated the distributions of aquaporin 1 (AQP1) and Na+/K+/2Cl− cotransporter 1 (NKCC1), key proteins for choroidal CSF production, in the adult rodent brain and spinal cord. Methods We have accessed AQP1 distribution in the intact brain using uDISCO tissue clearing technique and by Western blot. AQP1 and NKCC1 cellular localization were accessed by immunohistochemistry in brain and spinal cord obtained from adult rodents. Imaging was performed using light-sheet, confocal and bright field light microscopy. Results We determined that AQP1 is widely distributed in the leptomeningeal vasculature of the intact brain and that its glycosylated isoform is the most prominent in different brain regions. Moreover, AQP1 and NKCC1 show specific distributions in the smooth muscle cell layer of penetrating arterioles and veins in the brain and spinal cord, and in the endothelia of capillaries and venules, restricted to the SAS vasculature. Conclusions Our results shed light on the molecular framework that may underlie extra-choroidal CSF production and we propose that AQP1 and NKCC1 within the leptomeningeal vasculature, specifically at the capillary level, are poised to play a role in CSF production throughout the central nervous system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianliang Li
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nadia N Aalling
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Benjamin Förstera
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich (LMU), 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Ali Ertürk
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich (LMU), 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Maiken Nedergaard
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Kjeld Møllgård
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna L R Xavier
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Signs of Reduced Basal Progenitor Levels and Cortical Neurogenesis in Human Fetuses with Open Spina Bifida at 11-15 Weeks of Gestation. J Neurosci 2020; 40:1766-1777. [PMID: 31953373 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0192-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Open spina bifida (OSB) is one of the most prevalent congenital malformations of the CNS that often leads to severe disabilities. Previous studies reported the volume and thickness of the neocortex to be altered in children and adolescents diagnosed with OSB. Until now, the onset and the underlying cause of the atypical neocortex organization in OSB patients remain largely unknown. To examine the effects of OSB on fetal neocortex development, we analyzed human fetuses of both sexes diagnosed with OSB between 11 and 15 weeks of gestation by immunofluorescence for established neuronal and neural progenitor marker proteins and compared the results with healthy controls of the same, or very similar, gestational age. Our data indicate that neocortex development in OSB fetuses is altered as early as 11 weeks of gestation. We observed a marked reduction in the radial thickness of the OSB neocortex, which appears to be attributable to a massive decrease in the number of deep- and upper-layer neurons per field, and found a marked reduction in the number of basal progenitors (BPs) per field in the OSB neocortex, consistent with an impairment of cortical neurogenesis underlying the neuronal decrease in OSB fetuses. Moreover, our data suggest that the decrease in BP number in the OSB neocortex may be associated with BPs spending a lesser proportion of their cell cycle in M-phase. Together, our findings expand our understanding of the pathophysiology of OSB and support the need for an early fetal therapy (i.e., in the first trimester of pregnancy).SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Open spina bifida (OSB) is one of the most prevalent congenital malformations of the CNS. This study provides novel data on neocortex development of human OSB fetuses. Our data indicate that neocortex development in OSB fetuses is altered as early as 11 weeks of gestation. We observed a marked reduction in the radial thickness of the OSB neocortex, which appears to be attributable a decrease in the number of deep- and upper-layer neurons per field, and found a marked reduction in the number of basal progenitors per field, indicating that impaired neurogenesis underlies the neuronal decrease in OSB fetuses. Our findings support the need for an early fetal therapy and expand our understanding of the pathophysiology of OSB.
Collapse
|
44
|
Bueno D. Cerebrospinal fluid and central nervous system development. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 102:1-2. [PMID: 31917087 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Bueno
- Section of Biomedical, Evolutionary and Developmental Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Nolan RA, Reeb KL, Rong Y, Matt SM, Johnson HS, Runner K, Gaskill PJ. Dopamine activates NF-κB and primes the NLRP3 inflammasome in primary human macrophages. Brain Behav Immun Health 2019; 2. [PMID: 33665636 PMCID: PMC7929492 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2019.100030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Induction of innate immune genes in the brain is thought to be a major factor in the development of addiction to substances of abuse. As the major component of the innate immune system in the brain, aberrant activation of myeloid cells such as macrophages and microglia due to substance use may mediate neuroinflammation and contribute to the development of addiction. All addictive drugs modulate the dopaminergic system and our previous studies have identified dopamine as a pro-inflammatory modulator of macrophage function. However, the mechanism that mediates this effect is currently unknown. Inflammatory activation of macrophages and induction of cytokine production is often mediated by the transcription factor NF-κB, and prior studies have shown that dopamine can modulate NF-κB activity in T-cells and other non-immune cell lines. Here we demonstrated that dopamine can activate NF-κB in primary human macrophages, resulting in the induction of its downstream targets including the NLRP3 inflammasome and the inflammatory cytokine IL-1β. These data also indicate that dopamine primes but does not activate the NLRP3 inflammasome in human macrophages. Activation of NF-κB was required for dopamine-mediated increases in IL-1β, as an inhibitor of NF-κB was able to abrogate the effects of dopamine on production of these cytokines. Connecting an increase in extracellular dopamine to NF-κB activation and inflammation suggests specific intracellular targets that could be used to ameliorate the inflammatory impact of dopamine in neuroinflammatory conditions associated with myeloid cell activation such as addiction. Dopamine exposure primes, but does not activate the NLRP3 inflammasome. Inflammasome priming can be mediated, at least partially, by a dopamine-induced increase in the activation and nuclear translocation of NF-κB in primary human macrophages. Dopamine additively increases the impact of cytomegalovirus on NF-κB activation in macrophages. Dopamine priming increases IL-1β release in response to inflammasome activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R A Nolan
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102
| | - K L Reeb
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102
| | - Y Rong
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102
| | - S M Matt
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102
| | - H S Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102
| | - K Runner
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102
| | - P J Gaskill
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Akaishi T, Takahashi T, Nakashima I, Abe M, Aoki M, Ishii T. Osmotic pressure of serum and cerebrospinal fluid in patients with suspected neurological conditions. Neural Regen Res 2019; 15:944-947. [PMID: 31719261 PMCID: PMC6990779 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.268906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Interstitial fluid movement in the brain parenchyma has been suggested to contribute to sustaining the metabolism in brain parenchyma and maintaining the function of neurons and glial cells. The pulsatile hydrostatic pressure gradient may be one of the driving forces of this bulk flow. However, osmotic pressure-related factors have not been studied until now. In this prospective observational study, to elucidate the relationship between osmolality (mOsm/kg) in the serum and that in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), we simultaneously measured the serum and CSF osmolality of 179 subjects with suspected neurological conditions. Serum osmolality was 283.6 ± 6.5 mOsm/kg and CSF osmolality was 289.5 ± 6.6 mOsm/kg. Because the specific gravity of serum and CSF is known to be 1.024–1.028 and 1.004–1.007, respectively, the estimated average of osmolarity (mOsm/L) in the serum and CSF covered exactly the same range (i.e., 290.5–291.5 mOsm/L). There was strong correlation between CSF osmolality and serum osmolality, but the difference in osmolality between serum and CSF was not correlated with serum osmolality, serum electrolyte levels, protein levels, or quotient of albumin. In conclusion, CSF osmolarity was suggested to be equal to serum osmolarity. Osmolarity is not one of the driving forces of this bulk flow. Other factors such as hydrostatic pressure gradient should be used to explain the mechanism of bulk flow in the brain parenchyma. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Tohoku University Hospital (approval No. IRB No. 2015-1-257) on July 29, 2015.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Akaishi
- Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital; Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai; Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Yonezawa National Hospital, Yonezawa, Japan
| | - Ichiro Nakashima
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Michiaki Abe
- Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masashi Aoki
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tadashi Ishii
- Department of Education and Support for Regional Medicine, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
ZUBRZYCKI M, STASIOLEK M, ZUBRZYCKA M. Opioid and Endocannabinoid System in Orofacial Pain. Physiol Res 2019; 68:705-715. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Orofacial pain disorders are frequent in the general population and their pharmacological treatment is difficult and controversial. Therefore, the search for novel, safe and efficient analgesics is an important but still elusive goal for contemporary medicine. In the recent years, the antinociceptive potential of endocannabinoids and opioids has been emphasized. However, concerns for the safety of their use limit their clinical applications. the possibility of modulating the activity of endocannabinoids by regulation of their synthesis and/or degradation offers an innovative approach to the treatment of pain. A rat model of trigeminal pain, utilizing tongue jerks evoked by electrical tooth pulp stimulation during perfusion of the cerebral ventricles with various neurotransmitter solutions can be used in the pharmacological studies of nociception in the orofacial area. The aim of this review is to present the effects of pharmacological activity of opioids and endocannabinoids affecting the transmission of the sensory information from the orofacial area on the example of trigemino-hypoglossal reflex in rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. ZUBRZYCKI
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany,
| | - M. STASIOLEK
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - M. ZUBRZYCKA
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Interdepartmental Chair of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Computational framework for predictive PBPK-PD-Tox simulations of opioids and antidotes. J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn 2019; 46:513-529. [PMID: 31396799 DOI: 10.1007/s10928-019-09648-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The primary goal of this work was to develop a computational tool to enable personalized prediction of pharmacological disposition and associated responses for opioids and antidotes. Here we present a computational framework for physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling of an opioid (morphine) and an antidote (naloxone). At present, the model is solely personalized according to an individual's mass. These PK models are integrated with a minimal pharmacodynamic model of respiratory depression induction (associated with opioid administration) and reversal (associated with antidote administration). The model was developed and validated on human data for IV administration of morphine and naloxone. The model can be further extended to consider different routes of administration, as well as to study different combinations of opioid receptor agonists and antagonists. This work provides the framework for a tool that could be used in model-based management of pain, pharmacological treatment of opioid addiction, appropriate use of antidotes for opioid overdose and evaluation of abuse deterrent formulations.
Collapse
|
49
|
Jia L, Qiu Q, Zhang H, Chu L, Du Y, Zhang J, Zhou C, Liang F, Shi S, Wang S, Qin W, Wang Q, Li F, Wang Q, Li Y, Shen L, Wei Y, Jia J. Concordance between the assessment of Aβ42, T-tau, and P-T181-tau in peripheral blood neuronal-derived exosomes and cerebrospinal fluid. Alzheimers Dement 2019; 15:1071-1080. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Longfei Jia
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders; Department of Neurology; Xuanwu Hospital; Capital Medical University; Beijing P.R.China
| | - Qiongqiong Qiu
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders; Department of Neurology; Xuanwu Hospital; Capital Medical University; Beijing P.R.China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders; Department of Neurology; Xuanwu Hospital; Capital Medical University; Beijing P.R.China
| | - Lan Chu
- Department of Neurology; Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University; Guizhou P.R.China
| | - Yifeng Du
- Department of Neurology; Shandong Provincial Hospital; Jinan P.R.China
| | - Jiewen Zhang
- Department of Neurology; Henan Provincial Peoples Hospital; Zhengzhou P.R.China
| | - Chunkui Zhou
- Department of Neurology; First Hospital of Jilin University; Jilin P.R.China
| | - Furu Liang
- Department of Neurology; Baotou Central Hospital; Baotou P.R.China
| | - Shengliang Shi
- Department of Neurology; First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University; Nanning P.R.China
| | - Shan Wang
- Department of Neurology; Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University; Shijiazhuang P.R.China
| | - Wei Qin
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders; Department of Neurology; Xuanwu Hospital; Capital Medical University; Beijing P.R.China
| | - Qi Wang
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders; Department of Neurology; Xuanwu Hospital; Capital Medical University; Beijing P.R.China
| | - Fangyu Li
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders; Department of Neurology; Xuanwu Hospital; Capital Medical University; Beijing P.R.China
| | - Qigeng Wang
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders; Department of Neurology; Xuanwu Hospital; Capital Medical University; Beijing P.R.China
| | - Yan Li
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders; Department of Neurology; Xuanwu Hospital; Capital Medical University; Beijing P.R.China
| | - Luxi Shen
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders; Department of Neurology; Xuanwu Hospital; Capital Medical University; Beijing P.R.China
| | - Yiping Wei
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders; Department of Neurology; Xuanwu Hospital; Capital Medical University; Beijing P.R.China
| | - Jianping Jia
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders; Department of Neurology; Xuanwu Hospital; Capital Medical University; Beijing P.R.China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Sukumar UK, Bose RJC, Malhotra M, Babikir HA, Afjei R, Robinson E, Zeng Y, Chang E, Habte F, Sinclair R, Gambhir SS, Massoud TF, Paulmurugan R. Intranasal delivery of targeted polyfunctional gold-iron oxide nanoparticles loaded with therapeutic microRNAs for combined theranostic multimodality imaging and presensitization of glioblastoma to temozolomide. Biomaterials 2019; 218:119342. [PMID: 31326657 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The prognosis for glioblastoma (GBM) remains depressingly low. The biological barriers of the brain present a major challenge to achieving adequate drug concentrations for GBM therapy. To address this, we explore the potential of the nose-to-brain direct transport pathway to bypass the blood-brain barrier, and to enable targeted delivery of theranostic polyfunctional gold-iron oxide nanoparticles (polyGIONs) surface loaded with therapeutic miRNAs (miR-100 and antimiR-21) to GBMs in mice. These nanoformulations would thus allow presensitization of GBM cells to the systemically delivered chemotherapy drug temozolomide (TMZ), as well as in vivo multimodality molecular and anatomic imaging of nanoparticle delivery, trafficking, and treatment effects. First, we synthesized GIONs coated with β-cyclodextrin-chitosan (CD-CS) hybrid polymer, and co-loaded with miR-100 and antimiR-21. Then we decorated their surface with PEG-T7 peptide using CD-adamantane host-guest chemistry. The resultant polyGIONs showed efficient miRNA loading with enhanced serum stability. We characterized them for particle size, PDI, polymer functionalization, charge and release using dynamic light scattering analysis, TEM and qRT-PCR. For in vivo intranasal delivery, we used U87-MG GBM cell-derived orthotopic xenograft models in mice. Intranasal delivery resulted in efficient accumulation of Cy5-miRNAs in mice treated with T7-targeted polyGIONs, as demonstrated by in vivo optical fluorescence and MR imaging. We measured the therapeutic response of these FLUC-EGFP labelled U87-MG GBMs using bioluminescence imaging. Overall, there was a significant increase in survival of mice co-treated with T7-polyGIONs loaded with miR-100/antimiR-21 plus systemic TMZ, compared to the untreated control group, or the animals receiving non-targeted polyGIONs-miR-100/antimiR-21, or TMZ alone. Once translated clinically, this novel theranostic nanoformulation and its associated intranasal delivery strategy will have a strong potential to potentiate the effects of TMZ treatment in GBM patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Uday K Sukumar
- Cellular Pathway Imaging Laboratory (CPIL), Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, 3155 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Rajendran J C Bose
- Cellular Pathway Imaging Laboratory (CPIL), Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, 3155 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Meenakshi Malhotra
- Laboratory of Experimental and Molecular Neuroimaging (LEMNI), Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Grant Bldg. S031, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Husam A Babikir
- Laboratory of Experimental and Molecular Neuroimaging (LEMNI), Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Grant Bldg. S031, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Rayhaneh Afjei
- Laboratory of Experimental and Molecular Neuroimaging (LEMNI), Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Grant Bldg. S031, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Elise Robinson
- Cellular Pathway Imaging Laboratory (CPIL), Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, 3155 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Yitian Zeng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-4034, United States
| | - Edwin Chang
- Multimodality Molecular Imaging Laboratory (MMIL), Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Clark Center, 318 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Frezghi Habte
- Cellular Pathway Imaging Laboratory (CPIL), Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, 3155 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Robert Sinclair
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-4034, United States
| | - Sanjiv S Gambhir
- Multimodality Molecular Imaging Laboratory (MMIL), Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Clark Center, 318 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Tarik F Massoud
- Laboratory of Experimental and Molecular Neuroimaging (LEMNI), Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Grant Bldg. S031, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - Ramasamy Paulmurugan
- Cellular Pathway Imaging Laboratory (CPIL), Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, 3155 Porter Drive, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA.
| |
Collapse
|