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de Amorim Ferreira M, Ferreira J. Role of Cav2.3 (R-type) Calcium Channel in Pain and Analgesia: A Scoping Review. Curr Neuropharmacol 2024; 22:1909-1922. [PMID: 37581322 PMCID: PMC11284728 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230811102700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) play an important role in pain development and maintenance. As Cav2.2 and Cav3.2 channels have been identified as potential drug targets for analgesics, the participation of Cav2.3 (that gives rise to R-type calcium currents) in pain and analgesia remains incompletely understood. OBJECTIVE Identify the participation of Cav2.3 in pain and analgesia. METHODS To map research in this area as well as to identify any existing gaps in knowledge on the potential role of Cav2.3 in pain signalling, we conducted this scoping review. We searched PubMed and SCOPUS databases, and 40 articles were included in this study. Besides, we organized the studies into 5 types of categories within the broader context of the role of Cav2.3 in pain and analgesia. RESULTS Some studies revealed the expression of Cav2.3 in pain pathways, especially in nociceptive neurons at the sensory ganglia. Other studies demonstrated that Cav2.3-mediated currents could be inhibited by analgesic/antinociceptive drugs either indirectly or directly. Some articles indicated that Cav2.3 modulates nociceptive transmission, especially at the pre-synaptic level at spinal sites. There are studies using different rodent pain models and approaches to reduce Cav2.3 activity or expression and mostly demonstrated a pro-nociceptive role of Cav2.3, despite some contradictory findings and deficiencies in the description of study design quality. There are three studies that reported the association of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the Cav2.3 gene (CACNA1E) with postoperative pain and opioid consumption as well as with the prevalence of migraine in patients. CONCLUSION Cav2.3 is a target for some analgesic drugs and has a pro-nociceptive role in pain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juliano Ferreira
- Graduate Program of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
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Liu TT, Qiu CY, Hu WP. Metformin inhibits spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents in spinal dorsal cord neurons from paclitaxel-treated rats. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2023; 15:1191383. [PMID: 37216004 PMCID: PMC10195993 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2023.1191383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cancer patients treated with paclitaxel often develop chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy, which has not been effectively treated with drugs. The anti-diabetic drug metformin is effective in the treatment of neuropathic pain. The aim of this study was to elucidate effect of metformin on paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain and spinal synaptic transmission. Methods Electrophysiological experiments on rat spinal slices were performed in vitro and mechanical allodynia quantified in vitro. Results The present data demonstrated that intraperitoneal injection of paclitaxel produced mechanical allodynia and potentiated spinal synaptic transmission. Intrathecal injection of metformin significantly reversed the established mechanical allodynia induced by paclitaxel in rats. Either spinal or systemic administration of metformin significantly inhibited the increased frequency of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs) in spinal dorsal horn neurons from paclitaxel-treated rats. We found that 1 h incubation of metformin also reduced the frequency rather than the amplitude of sEPSCs in the spinal slices from paclitaxel-treated rats. Discussion These results suggested that metformin was able to depress the potentiated spinal synaptic transmission, which may contribute to alleviating the paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei, China
| | - Chun-Yu Qiu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei, China
| | - Wang-Ping Hu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, Hubei, China
- Department of Physiology, Hubei College of Chinese Medicine, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
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Calcium imaging in population of dorsal root ganglion neurons unravels novel mechanisms of visceral pain sensitization and referred somatic hypersensitivity. Pain 2021; 162:1068-1081. [PMID: 33021564 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Mechanisms of visceral pain sensitization and referred somatic hypersensitivity remain unclear. We conducted calcium imaging in Pirt-GCaMP6s mice to gauge responses of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons to visceral and somatic stimulation in vivo. Intracolonic instillation of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) induced colonic inflammation and increased the percentage of L6 DRG neurons that responded to colorectal distension above that of controls at day 7. Colorectal distension did not activate L4 DRG neurons. TNBS-treated mice exhibited more Evans blue extravasation than did control mice and developed mechanical hypersensitivity in low-back skin and hind paws, which are innervated by L6 and L4 DRG neurons, respectively, suggesting that colonic inflammation induced mechanical hypersensitivity in both homosegmental and heterosegmental somatic regions. Importantly, the percentage of L4 DRG neurons activated by hind paw pinch and brush stimulation and calcium responses of L6 DRG neurons to low-back brush stimulation were higher at day 7 after TNBS than those in control mice. Visceral irritation from intracolonic capsaicin instillation also increased Evans blue extravasation in hind paws and low-back skin and acutely increased the percentage of L4 DRG neurons responding to hind paw pinch and the response of L6 DRG neurons to low-back brush stimulation. These findings suggest that TNBS-induced colitis and capsaicin-induced visceral irritation may sensitize L6 DRG neurons to colorectal and somatic inputs and also increase the excitability of L4 DRG neurons that do not receive colorectal inputs. These changes may represent a potential peripheral neuronal mechanism for visceral pain sensitization and referred somatic hypersensitivity.
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Chen W, McRoberts JA, Ennes HS, Marvizon JC. cAMP signaling through protein kinase A and Epac2 induces substance P release in the rat spinal cord. Neuropharmacology 2021; 189:108533. [PMID: 33744339 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Using neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1R) internalization to measure of substance P release in rat spinal cord slices, we found that it was induced by the adenylyl cyclase (AC) activator forskolin, by the protein kinase A (PKA) activators 6-Bnz-cAMP and 8-Br-cAMP, and by the activator of exchange protein activated by cAMP (Epac) 8-pCPT-2-O-Me-cAMP (CPTOMe-cAMP). Conversely, AC and PKA inhibitors decreased substance P release induced by electrical stimulation of the dorsal root. Therefore, the cAMP signaling pathway mediates substance P release in the dorsal horn. The effects of forskolin and 6-Bnz-cAMP were not additive with NMDA-induced substance P release and were decreased by the NMDA receptor blocker MK-801. In cultured dorsal horn neurons, forskolin increased NMDA-induced Ca2+ entry and the phosphorylation of the NR1 and NR2B subunits of the NMDA receptor. Therefore, cAMP-induced substance P release is mediated by the activating phosphorylation by PKA of NMDA receptors. Voltage-gated Ca2+ channels, but not by TRPV1 or TRPA1, also contributed to cAMP-induced substance P release. Activation of PKA was required for the effects of forskolin and the three cAMP analogs. Epac2 contributed to the effects of forskolin and CPTOMe-cAMP, signaling through a Raf - mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway to activate Ca2+ channels. Epac1 inhibitors induced NK1R internalization independently of substance P release. In rats with latent sensitization to pain, the effect of 6-Bnz-cAMP was unchanged, whereas the effect of forskolin was decreased due to the loss of the stimulatory effect of Epac2. Hence, substance P release induced by cAMP decreases during pain hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenling Chen
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Veteran Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, 90073, USA
| | - James A McRoberts
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Helena S Ennes
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Juan Carlos Marvizon
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Veteran Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, 90073, USA.
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Orock A, Yuan T, Greenwood-Van Meerveld B. Importance of Non-pharmacological Approaches for Treating Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Mechanisms and Clinical Relevance. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH 2021; 1:609292. [PMID: 35295688 PMCID: PMC8915633 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2020.609292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic visceral pain represents a major unmet clinical need with the severity of pain ranging from mild to so severe as to prevent individuals from participating in day-to-day activities and detrimentally affecting their quality of life. Although chronic visceral pain can be multifactorial with many different biological and psychological systems contributing to the onset and severity of symptoms, one of the major triggers for visceral pain is the exposure to emotional and physical stress. Chronic visceral pain that is worsened by stress is a hallmark feature of functional gastrointestinal disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Current pharmacological interventions for patients with chronic visceral pain generally lack efficacy and many are fraught with unwanted side effects. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) has emerged as a psychotherapy that shows efficacy at ameliorating stress-induced chronic visceral pain; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying CBT remain incompletely understood. Preclinical studies in experimental models of stress-induced visceral pain employing environmental enrichment (EE) as an animal model surrogate for CBT are unraveling the mechanism by which environmental signals can lead to long-lasting changes in gene expression and behavior. Evidence suggests that EE signaling interacts with stress and nociceptive signaling. This review will (1) critically evaluate the behavioral and molecular changes that lead to chronic pain in IBS, (2) summarize the pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches used to treat IBS patients, and (3) provide experimental evidence supporting the potential mechanisms by which CBT ameliorates stress-induced visceral pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Orock
- Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Tian Yuan
- Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Beverley Greenwood-Van Meerveld
- Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Oklahoma City VA Health Care System, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- *Correspondence: Beverley Greenwood-Van Meerveld
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Li Q, Zhu ZY, Lu J, Chao YC, Zhou XX, Huang Y, Chen XM, Su DS, Yu WF, Gu XY. Sleep deprivation of rats increases postsurgical expression and activity of L-type calcium channel in the dorsal root ganglion and slows recovery from postsurgical pain. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2019; 7:217. [PMID: 31870460 PMCID: PMC6929318 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-019-0868-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Perioperative sleep disturbance is a risk factor for persistent pain after surgery. Clinical studies have shown that patients with insufficient sleep before and after surgery experience more intense and long-lasting postoperative pain. We hypothesize that sleep deprivation alters L-type calcium channels in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG), thus delaying the recovery from post-surgical pain. To verify this hypothesis, and to identify new predictors and therapeutic targets for persistent postoperative pain, we first established a model of postsurgical pain with perioperative sleep deprivation (SD) by administering hind paw plantar incision to sleep deprivation rats. Then we conducted behavioral tests, including tests with von Frey filaments and a laser heat test, to verify sensory pain, measured the expression of L-type calcium channels using western blotting and immunofluorescence of dorsal root ganglia (an important neural target for peripheral nociception), and examined the activity of L-type calcium channels and neuron excitability using electrophysiological measurements. We validated the findings by performing intraperitoneal injections of calcium channel blockers and microinjections of dorsal root ganglion cells with adeno-associated virus. We found that short-term sleep deprivation before and after surgery increased expression and activity of L-type calcium channels in the lumbar dorsal root ganglia, and delayed recovery from postsurgical pain. Blocking these channels reduced impact of sleep deprivation. We conclude that the increased expression and activity of L-type calcium channels is associated with the sleep deprivation-mediated prolongation of postoperative pain. L-type calcium channels are thus a potential target for management of postoperative pain.
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Li Q, Lu J, Zhou X, Chen X, Su D, Gu X, Yu W. High-Voltage-Activated Calcium Channel in the Afferent Pain Pathway: An Important Target of Pain Therapies. Neurosci Bull 2019; 35:1073-1084. [PMID: 31065935 PMCID: PMC6864004 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-019-00378-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
High-voltage-activated (HVA) Ca2+ channels are widely expressed in the nervous system. They play an important role in pain conduction by participating in various physiological processes such as synaptic transmission, changes in synaptic plasticity, and neuronal excitability. Available evidence suggests that the HVA channel is an important therapeutic target for pain management. In this review, we summarize the changes in different subtypes of HVA channel during pain and present the currently available evidence from the clinical application of HVA channel blockers. We also review novel drugs in various phases of development. Moreover, we discuss the future prospects of HVA channel blockers in order to promote "bench-to-bedside" translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Jian Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314000, China
| | - Xiaoxin Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Xuemei Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Diansan Su
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Xiyao Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Weifeng Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.
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Marine Toxins and Nociception: Potential Therapeutic Use in the Treatment of Visceral Pain Associated with Gastrointestinal Disorders. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11080449. [PMID: 31370176 PMCID: PMC6723473 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11080449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Visceral pain, of which the pathogenic basis is currently largely unknown, is a hallmark symptom of both functional disorders, such as irritable bowel syndrome, and inflammatory bowel disease. Intrinsic sensory neurons in the enteric nervous system and afferent sensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglia, connecting with the central nervous system, represent the primary neuronal pathways transducing gut visceral pain. Current pharmacological therapies have several limitations, owing to their partial efficacy and the generation of severe adverse effects. Numerous cellular targets of visceral nociception have been recognized, including, among others, channels (i.e., voltage-gated sodium channels, VGSCs, voltage-gated calcium channels, VGCCs, Transient Receptor Potential, TRP, and Acid-sensing ion channels, ASICs) and neurotransmitter pathways (i.e., GABAergic pathways), which represent attractive targets for the discovery of novel drugs. Natural biologically active compounds, such as marine toxins, able to bind with high affinity and selectivity to different visceral pain molecular mediators, may represent a useful tool (1) to improve our knowledge of the physiological and pathological relevance of each nociceptive target, and (2) to discover therapeutically valuable molecules. In this review we report the most recent literature describing the effects of marine toxin on gastrointestinal visceral pain pathways and the possible clinical implications in the treatment of chronic pain associated with gut diseases.
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Zhang J, Wang Y, Zheng Z, Sun X, Chen T, Li C, Zhang X, Guo J. Intracellular ion and protein nanoparticle-induced osmotic pressure modify astrocyte swelling and brain edema in response to glutamate stimuli. Redox Biol 2019; 21:101112. [PMID: 30685709 PMCID: PMC6351271 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular tension activity plays a crucial role in cytotoxic brain edema and astrocyte swelling. Here, a few genetically encoded FRET-based tension probes were designed to detect cytoskeletal structural tension optically, including their magnitude and vectors. The astrocyte swelling resulted in GFAP tension increment, which is associated with the antagonistic effect of inward microfilaments (MFs) and microtubules (MTs) forces. In glutamate-induced astrocyte swelling, GFAP tension rise resulted from outward ion and protein nanoparticle-induced osmotic pressure (PN-OP) increases, where PN-OP could be elicited by MF and MT depolymerization, protein nanoparticle production, and activation of cofilin and stathmin-1. Attenuation of both ion osmotic pressure and PN-OP by drug combinations, together with free-radical scavenger, relieved cerebral edema in vivo. The study suggests that intracellular osmotic pressure (especially PN-OP) has a pivotal role in glutamate-induced astrocyte swelling and brain edema. Recovery of cytoplasmic potential is a promising target to develop new drugs and cure brain edema.
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Affiliation(s)
- JiaRui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base For TCM Quality and Efficacy, School of Medicine and Life Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Drug for Degenerative Disease, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China
| | - YuXuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base For TCM Quality and Efficacy, School of Medicine and Life Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Drug for Degenerative Disease, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China
| | - ZiHui Zheng
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base For TCM Quality and Efficacy, School of Medicine and Life Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Drug for Degenerative Disease, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China
| | - XiaoHe Sun
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base For TCM Quality and Efficacy, School of Medicine and Life Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Drug for Degenerative Disease, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China
| | - TingTing Chen
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base For TCM Quality and Efficacy, School of Medicine and Life Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Drug for Degenerative Disease, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Chen Li
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base For TCM Quality and Efficacy, School of Medicine and Life Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Drug for Degenerative Disease, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China
| | - XiaoLong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base For TCM Quality and Efficacy, School of Medicine and Life Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Drug for Degenerative Disease, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Jun Guo
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base For TCM Quality and Efficacy, School of Medicine and Life Science, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Drug for Degenerative Disease, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China.
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Jeong H, Moye LS, Southey BR, Hernandez AG, Dripps I, Romanova EV, Rubakhin SS, Sweedler JV, Pradhan AA, Rodriguez-Zas SL. Gene Network Dysregulation in the Trigeminal Ganglia and Nucleus Accumbens of a Model of Chronic Migraine-Associated Hyperalgesia. Front Syst Neurosci 2018; 12:63. [PMID: 30618656 PMCID: PMC6305622 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2018.00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The pharmacological agent nitroglycerin (NTG) elicits hyperalgesia and allodynia in mice. This model has been used to study the neurological disorder of trigeminovascular pain or migraine, a debilitating form of hyperalgesia. The present study validates hyperalgesia in an established mouse model of chronic migraine triggered by NTG and advances the understanding of the associated molecular mechanisms. The RNA-seq profiles of two nervous system regions associated with pain, the trigeminal ganglia (TG) and the nucleus accumbens (NAc), were compared in mice receiving chronic NTG treatment relative to control (CON) mice. Among the 109 genes that exhibited an NTG treatment-by-region interaction, solute carrier family 32 (GABA vesicular transporter) member 1 (Slc32a1) and preproenkephalin (Penk) exhibited reversal of expression patterns between the NTG and CON groups. Erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 4 (Erbb4) and solute carrier family 1 (glial high affinity glutamate transporter) member 2 (Slc1a2) exhibited consistent differential expression between treatments across regions albeit at different magnitude. Period circadian clock 1 (Per1) was among the 165 genes that exhibited significant NTG treatment effect. Biological processes disrupted by NTG in a region-specific manner included adaptive and innate immune responses; whereas glutamatergic and dopaminergic synapses and rhythmic process were disrupted in both regions. Regulatory network reconstruction highlighted the widespread role of several transcription factors (including Snrnp70, Smad1, Pax6, Cebpa, and Smpx) among the NTG-disrupted target genes. These results advance the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of hyperalgesia that can be applied to therapies to ameliorate chronic pain and migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonsoo Jeong
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Laura S. Moye
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Bruce R. Southey
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Alvaro G. Hernandez
- Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Isaac Dripps
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Elena V. Romanova
- Department of Chemistry and the Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Stanislav S. Rubakhin
- Department of Chemistry and the Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Jonathan V. Sweedler
- Department of Chemistry and the Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Amynah A. Pradhan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Sandra L. Rodriguez-Zas
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Department of Statistics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
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Sekiguchi F, Tsubota M, Kawabata A. Involvement of Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels in Inflammation and Inflammatory Pain. Biol Pharm Bull 2018; 41:1127-1134. [PMID: 30068860 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b18-00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) are classified into high-voltage-activated (HVA) channels and low-voltage-activated channels consisting of Cav3.1-3.3, known as T ("transient")-type VGCC. There is evidence that certain types of HVA channels are involved in neurogenic inflammation and inflammatory pain, in agreement with reports indicating the therapeutic effectiveness of gabapentinoids, ligands for the α2δ subunit of HVA, in treating not only neuropathic, but also inflammatory, pain. Among the Cav3 family members, Cav3.2 is abundantly expressed in the primary afferents, regulating both neuronal excitability at the peripheral terminals and spontaneous neurotransmitter release at the spinal terminals. The function and expression of Cav3.2 are modulated by a variety of inflammatory mediators including prostanoids and hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a gasotransmitter. The increased activity of Cav3.2 by H2S participates in colonic, bladder and pancreatic pain, and regulates visceral inflammation. Together, VGCCs are involved in inflammation and inflammatory pain, and Cav3.2 T-type VGCC is especially a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of visceral inflammatory pain in patients with irritable bowel syndrome, interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome, pancreatitis, etc., in addition to neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiko Sekiguchi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University
| | - Maho Tsubota
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University
| | - Atsufumi Kawabata
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University
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Tang Q, Ren H, Yan L, Quan X, Xia H, Luo H. Diallyl trisulfide regulates rat colonic smooth muscle contractions by inhibiting L-type calcium channel currents. J Pharmacol Sci 2018; 137:299-304. [PMID: 30098911 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diallyl trisulfide (DATS) is an active organosulfide component of allicin and has several beneficial effects, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, cardioprotective and anticancer effects. Few studies have shown the modulatory effect of DATS on L-type calcium channels in rat colonic smooth muscle cells and colonic motility. To investigate the modulatory effect of DATS on L-type calcium channels in rat colonic smooth muscle and colonic contraction, L-type calcium channel currents were recorded, and colonic contractility in longitudinal and circular smooth muscle strips was measured. DATS attenuated L-type calcium channel currents without affecting steady-state activation or inactivation kinetics and inhibited the spontaneous contractions of both longitudinal and circular smooth muscle strips dose-dependently. In conclusion, DATS has an inhibitory effect on the contractions of colonic muscle strips that is related to its regulation of L-type calcium channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qincai Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive System Disease, 430060, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Haixia Ren
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive System Disease, 430060, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Lin Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive System Disease, 430060, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiaojing Quan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200080, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive System Disease, 430060, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Hesheng Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Digestive System Disease, 430060, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
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Contribution of membrane receptor signalling to chronic visceral pain. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 98:10-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Tang Q, Quan X, Yan L, Ren H, Chen W, Xia H, Luo H. Mechanism of sodium hydrosulfide modulation of L-type calcium channels in rat colonic smooth muscle cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 818:356-363. [PMID: 29104047 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) can exert different effects on the gastrointestinal tract by modulating ion channels. Previously, we found that H2S donor sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) regulates colonic motility through L-type calcium channels, but the molecular mechanism remains unknown. The present study was designed to investigate possible mechanisms underlying the modulation of L-type calcium channels by NaHS in rat colonic smooth muscle cells. L-type calcium currents in colonic smooth muscle cells were recorded using the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. Spontaneous contractions of mid-colonic smooth muscle strips were measured in an organ bath system and a biological signal acquisition system. NaHS evoked a significant rightward shift in the steady-state activation curve of L-type calcium channels, changed the shape of the current-voltage (I-V) curve, and decreased the peak current density at 0mV, although it significantly increased with higher stimulatory voltage. The sulfhydryl-modifying reagent DL-dithiothreitol (DTT) enhanced the effects of NaHS on L-type calcium channels, while diamide (DM) and reduced L-glutathione (GSH) alleviated the effects of NaHS. Additionally, NaHS inhibited the spontaneous high-amplitude contractions of both longitudinal and circular smooth muscle strips in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibitory effects were reversible. DTT and GSH enhanced the effects of NaHS, while DM attenuated the effects of NaHS. In conclusion, NaHS modulates L-type calcium channels in rat colonic smooth muscle cells and regulates the contractile activity of colonic smooth muscle, potentially by modifying the free sulfhydryl groups of L-type calcium channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qincai Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060 Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiaojing Quan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200080 Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060 Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Haixia Ren
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060 Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060 Wuhan, Hubei Province, China; Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive System Diseases, 430060 Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Hong Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060 Wuhan, Hubei Province, China; Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive System Diseases, 430060 Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Hesheng Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060 Wuhan, Hubei Province, China; Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive System Diseases, 430060 Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.
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15
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Abstract
Preclinical research remains an important tool for discovery and validation of novel therapeutics for gastrointestinal disorders. While in vitro assays can be used to verify receptor-ligand interactions and test for structural activity of new compounds, only whole-animal studies can demonstrate drug efficacy within the gastrointestinal system. Most major gastrointestinal disorders have been modeled in animals; however the translational relevance of each model is not equal. The purpose of this chapter is to provide a critical evaluation of common animal models that are being used to develop pharmaceuticals for gastrointestinal disorders. For brevity, the models are presented for upper gastrointestinal disorders involving the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine and lower gastrointestinal disorders that focus on the colon. Particular emphasis is used to explain the face and construct validity of each model, and the limitations of each model, including data interpretation, are highlighted. This chapter does not evaluate models that rely on surgical or other non-pharmacological interventions for treatment.
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16
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Chemokine CCL8 and its receptor CCR5 in the spinal cord are involved in visceral pain induced by experimental colitis in mice. Brain Res Bull 2017; 135:170-178. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2017.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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17
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Otilonium bromide (OB) is a spasmolytic agent acting as an L-type calcium channel antagonist in intestinal and colonic smooth muscle cells (SMCs). We analyzed three independent clinical trials with homogeneous design on patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). After 2 weeks receiving placebo, patients were randomized to receive OB (3 × 40 mg daily) or placebo for 15 weeks. We aimed to perform a pooled analysis of the data from these homogeneous clinical trials to evaluate the efficacy of OB treatment on symptoms and global response of patients. METHODS A total of 883 patients with IBS (69.8% women, mean age 46.2 years, 43.8% mixed type) were included, 442 treated with OB and 441 with placebo. The efficacy results from the three studies at weeks 5, 10 and 15 were pooled in an intention-to-treat (ITT) strategy, analyzed with a logistic regression model and described by forest plots. RESULTS Despite a placebo effect in all efficacy variables, a significant therapeutic effect of OB was observed at weeks 10 and 15 with reference to: (a) intensity and frequency of abdominal pain; (b) rate of responders as evaluated by patients (71.8% at week 10 and 77.2% at week 15); (c) severity of bloating; (d) rate of responders as evaluated by physicians (55% at week 10 and 63.9% at week 15). No significant OB effect was observed in stool frequency and consistency. CONCLUSIONS OB is more effective than placebo in IBS treatment. Therapeutic benefits are significant after 10 weeks and are maximal after 15 weeks of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jan Tack
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), University of Leuven, Belgium Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium
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18
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Tahir AH, Wan J, Shah MK, Janyaro H, Li XJ, Ding MX. A novel model for studying ileitis-induced visceral hypersensitivity in goats. Acta Vet Scand 2016; 58:72. [PMID: 27716368 PMCID: PMC5052972 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-016-0253-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Visceral hypersensitivity (VH) is a common condition in many gastrointestinal disorders such as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) in human and animals. Most studies often induce Crohn's disease/colitis to investigate VH in small experimental animals. Although farm animals commonly suffer from IBDs, their VH has not been investigated so far. Because goats can suffer from Johne's disease, a naturally occurring Crohn's-like disease, they may be suitable to be used for studying the mechanism underlying VH in common intestinal disorders of large animals. In the present study, 60 healthy goats of either sex were equally divided into a 2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) group and saline group. A volume of 1.2 ml of TNBS-ethanol solution (30 mg TNBS in 40 % ethanol) or an equal volume of isotonic saline was injected into the wall of the terminal ileum through laparotomy. The severity of the developing ileitis was determined according to macro- and microscopic pathologic scores and the levels of myeloperoxidase, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α, and VH was evaluated with visceromotor responses (VMR) to colorectal distension on days 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28. VMRs were assessed with a continuous ramp distention mode with 6 s for each pressure (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 mmHg). RESULTS Compared to the saline group, the TNBS-treated goats showed apparent transmural pathological changes and a significant increase (P < 0.05) in macroscopic and microscopic change scores, and levels of myeloperoxidase, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α in the ileum, and VMR to colorectal distension. The goats exhibited apparent ileitis at days 3 to 21, and VH at days 7 to 28 following TNBS treatment. CONCLUSION This experiment successfully established a reproducible ileitis and VH with administration of TNBS-ethanol solution in the ileal wall of goats. This model is useful for studying the pathogenesis of the IBD and the mechanism underlying VH, and for evaluating the efficacy of new therapeutic regimens.
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Wormuth C, Lundt A, Henseler C, Müller R, Broich K, Papazoglou A, Weiergräber M. Review: Ca v2.3 R-type Voltage-Gated Ca 2+ Channels - Functional Implications in Convulsive and Non-convulsive Seizure Activity. Open Neurol J 2016; 10:99-126. [PMID: 27843503 PMCID: PMC5080872 DOI: 10.2174/1874205x01610010099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Researchers have gained substantial insight into mechanisms of synaptic transmission, hyperexcitability, excitotoxicity and neurodegeneration within the last decades. Voltage-gated Ca2+ channels are of central relevance in these processes. In particular, they are key elements in the etiopathogenesis of numerous seizure types and epilepsies. Earlier studies predominantly targeted on Cav2.1 P/Q-type and Cav3.2 T-type Ca2+ channels relevant for absence epileptogenesis. Recent findings bring other channels entities more into focus such as the Cav2.3 R-type Ca2+ channel which exhibits an intriguing role in ictogenesis and seizure propagation. Cav2.3 R-type voltage gated Ca2+ channels (VGCC) emerged to be important factors in the pathogenesis of absence epilepsy, human juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME), and cellular epileptiform activity, e.g. in CA1 neurons. They also serve as potential target for various antiepileptic drugs, such as lamotrigine and topiramate. Objective: This review provides a summary of structure, function and pharmacology of VGCCs and their fundamental role in cellular Ca2+ homeostasis. We elaborate the unique modulatory properties of Cav2.3 R-type Ca2+ channels and point to recent findings in the proictogenic and proneuroapoptotic role of Cav2.3 R-type VGCCs in generalized convulsive tonic–clonic and complex-partial hippocampal seizures and its role in non-convulsive absence like seizure activity. Conclusion: Development of novel Cav2.3 specific modulators can be effective in the pharmacological treatment of epilepsies and other neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carola Wormuth
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Kurt-Georg-Kiesinger-Allee 3, 53175 Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Lundt
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Kurt-Georg-Kiesinger-Allee 3, 53175 Bonn, Germany
| | - Christina Henseler
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Kurt-Georg-Kiesinger-Allee 3, 53175 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ralf Müller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, Cologne, Germany
| | - Karl Broich
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Kurt-Georg-Kiesinger-Allee 3, 53175 Bonn, Germany
| | - Anna Papazoglou
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Kurt-Georg-Kiesinger-Allee 3, 53175 Bonn, Germany
| | - Marco Weiergräber
- Department of Neuropsychopharmacology, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), Kurt-Georg-Kiesinger-Allee 3, 53175 Bonn, Germany
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21
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Greenwood-Van Meerveld B, Prusator DK, Johnson AC. Animal models of gastrointestinal and liver diseases. Animal models of visceral pain: pathophysiology, translational relevance, and challenges. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2015; 308:G885-903. [PMID: 25767262 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00463.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Visceral pain describes pain emanating from the thoracic, pelvic, or abdominal organs. In contrast to somatic pain, visceral pain is generally vague, poorly localized, and characterized by hypersensitivity to a stimulus such as organ distension. Animal models have played a pivotal role in our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of visceral pain. This review focuses on animal models of visceral pain and their translational relevance. In addition, the challenges of using animal models to develop novel therapeutic approaches to treat visceral pain will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beverley Greenwood-Van Meerveld
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; and Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Dawn K Prusator
- Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Anthony C Johnson
- Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
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22
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Berecki G, McArthur JR, Cuny H, Clark RJ, Adams DJ. Differential Cav2.1 and Cav2.3 channel inhibition by baclofen and α-conotoxin Vc1.1 via GABAB receptor activation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 143:465-79. [PMID: 24688019 PMCID: PMC3971658 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201311104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The analgesic α-conotoxin Vc1.1 inhibits Cav2.3 channels through a GABAB receptor–dependent pathway involving c-Src. Neuronal Cav2.1 (P/Q-type), Cav2.2 (N-type), and Cav2.3 (R-type) calcium channels contribute to synaptic transmission and are modulated through G protein–coupled receptor pathways. The analgesic α-conotoxin Vc1.1 acts through γ-aminobutyric acid type B (GABAB) receptors (GABABRs) to inhibit Cav2.2 channels. We investigated GABABR-mediated modulation by Vc1.1, a cyclized form of Vc1.1 (c-Vc1.1), and the GABABR agonist baclofen of human Cav2.1 or Cav2.3 channels heterologously expressed in human embryonic kidney cells. 50 µM baclofen inhibited Cav2.1 and Cav2.3 channel Ba2+ currents by ∼40%, whereas c-Vc1.1 did not affect Cav2.1 but potently inhibited Cav2.3, with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration of ∼300 pM. Depolarizing paired pulses revealed that ∼75% of the baclofen inhibition of Cav2.1 was voltage dependent and could be relieved by strong depolarization. In contrast, baclofen or Vc1.1 inhibition of Cav2.3 channels was solely mediated through voltage-independent pathways that could be disrupted by pertussis toxin, guanosine 5′-[β-thio]diphosphate trilithium salt, or the GABABR antagonist CGP55845. Overexpression of the kinase c-Src significantly increased inhibition of Cav2.3 by c-Vc1.1. Conversely, coexpression of a catalytically inactive double mutant form of c-Src or pretreatment with a phosphorylated pp60c-Src peptide abolished the effect of c-Vc1.1. Site-directed mutational analyses of Cav2.3 demonstrated that tyrosines 1761 and 1765 within exon 37 are critical for inhibition of Cav2.3 by c-Vc1.1 and are involved in baclofen inhibition of these channels. Remarkably, point mutations introducing specific c-Src phosphorylation sites into human Cav2.1 channels conferred c-Vc1.1 sensitivity. Our findings show that Vc1.1 inhibition of Cav2.3, which defines Cav2.3 channels as potential targets for analgesic α-conotoxins, is caused by specific c-Src phosphorylation sites in the C terminus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Géza Berecki
- Health Innovations Research Institute, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3083, Australia
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23
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Rychter J, Espín F, Gallego D, Vergara P, Jiménez M, Clavé P. Colonic smooth muscle cells and colonic motility patterns as a target for irritable bowel syndrome therapy: mechanisms of action of otilonium bromide. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2014; 7:156-66. [PMID: 25057296 PMCID: PMC4107708 DOI: 10.1177/1756283x14525250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Otilonium bromide (OB) is a spasmolytic compound of the family of quaternary ammonium derivatives and has been successfully used in the treatment of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) due to its specific pharmacodynamic effects on motility patterns in the human colon and the contractility of colonic smooth muscle cells. This article examines how. OB inhibits the main patterns of human sigmoid motility in vitro, which are spontaneous rhythmic phasic contractions, smooth muscle tone, contractions induced by stimulation of excitatory motor neurons and contractions induced by direct effect of excitatory neurotransmitters. It does this mainly by blocking calcium influx through L-type calcium channels and interfering with mobilization of cellular calcium required for smooth muscle contraction, thereby limiting excessive intestinal contractility and abdominal cramping. OB also inhibits T-type calcium channels and muscarinic responses. Finally, OB inhibits tachykinin receptors on smooth muscle and primary afferent neurons which may have the joint effect of reducing motility and abdominal pain. All these mechanisms mediate the therapeutic effects of OB in patients with IBS and might be useful in patients with other spastic colonic motility disorders such as diverticular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Rychter
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Espín
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain,Department of Surgery, Hospital de Mataró, Mataró, Spain
| | - Diana Gallego
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patri Vergara
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marcel Jiménez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain,Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pere Clavé
- Department of Surgery, Hospital de Mataró, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, C/ Cirera s/n, Mataró, Barcelona 08304, Spain
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Fischer MJM, McNaughton PA. How anchoring proteins shape pain. Pharmacol Ther 2014; 143:316-22. [PMID: 24727631 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cellular responsiveness to external stimuli can be altered by extracellular mediators which activate membrane receptors, in turn signalling to the intracellular space via calcium, cyclic nucleotides, membrane lipids or enzyme activity. These signalling events trigger a cascade leading to an effector which can be a channel, an enzyme or a transcription factor. The effectiveness of these intracellular events is enhanced when they are maintained in close proximity by anchoring proteins, which assemble complexes of signalling molecules such as kinases together with their targets, and in this way enhance both the speed and the precision of intracellular signalling. The A kinase anchoring protein (AKAP) family are adaptor proteins originally named for their ability to associate Protein Kinase A and its targets, but several other enzymes bound by AKAPs have now been found and a wide variety of target structures has been described. This review provides an overview of anchoring proteins involved in pain signalling. The key anchoring proteins and their ion channel targets in primary sensory neurons responding to painful stimuli (nociceptors) are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J M Fischer
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany.
| | - Peter A McNaughton
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Research, Hodgkin Building, King's College London, London SE1 1UH, UK
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