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Tillman GD, Morris EE, Bass C, Turner M, Watson K, Brooks JT, Rawlinson T, Kozel FA, Kraut MA, Motes MA, Hart J. P3a amplitude to trauma-related stimuli reduced after successful trauma-focused PTSD treatment. Biol Psychol 2023; 182:108648. [PMID: 37482132 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2023.108648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
An elevated P3a amplitude to trauma-related stimuli is strongly associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), yet little is known about whether this response to trauma-related stimuli is affected by treatment that decreases PTSD symptoms. As an analysis of secondary outcome measures from a randomized controlled trial, we investigated the latency and amplitude changes of the P3a in responses in a three-condition oddball visual task that included trauma-related (combat scenes) and trauma-unrelated (threatening animals) distractors. Fifty-five U.S. veterans diagnosed with combat-related PTSD were randomized to receive either active or sham repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). All received cognitive processing therapy, CPT+A, which requires a written account of the index trauma. They were tested before and 6 months after protocol completion. P3a amplitude and response time decreases were driven largely by the changes in the responses to the trauma-related stimuli, and this decrease correlated to the decrease in PTSD symptoms. The amplitude changes were greater in those who received rTMS + CPT than in those who received sham rTMS + CPT, suggesting that rTMS plays beneficial role in reducing arousal and threat bias, which may allow for more effective engagement in trauma-focused PTSD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gail D Tillman
- Callier Center, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | | | - Christina Bass
- Callier Center, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Mary Turner
- Departments of Psychiatry University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Kelsey Watson
- Callier Center, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jared T Brooks
- Callier Center, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Tyler Rawlinson
- Callier Center, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - F Andrew Kozel
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Michael A Kraut
- Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael A Motes
- Callier Center, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - John Hart
- Callier Center, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA; Departments of Psychiatry University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Departments of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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Sakata KI, Hato H, Sato J, Iori T, Ohga N, Watanabe H, Yamazaki Y, Kitagawa Y. Ethyl loflazepate as a treatment for patients with idiopathic and psychogenic taste disorder. Biopsychosoc Med 2022; 16:16. [PMID: 35941665 PMCID: PMC9358076 DOI: 10.1186/s13030-022-00246-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ethyl loflazepate (EL) is a benzodiazepine derivative that has been reported to activate the gustatory cortex. Our department routinely uses EL as a first-line treatment for idiopathic and psychogenic taste disorders, although little has been reported in the literature with respect to patient outcomes, so we conducted a retrospective study examining its safety and efficacy. Methods Between 2008 and 2020, 49 patients (14 males and 35 females; mean age, 62.1 years) were diagnosed with taste disorders and received EL as their only treatment for > 14 days. Severity of taste disorder was evaluated using the paper disc method by Sakai et al., and treatment efficacy was evaluated using the Visual Analog Scale, wherein patients gave subjective ratings for their symptoms (reductions by > 50% after administration of EL for 4 weeks were defined as improvements). Results Results showed that the improvement rates for patients with idiopathic and psychogenic taste disorders were 55 and 70%, respectively. Additionally, the majority (78%) improved within 2 weeks, and side effects were mild (seven cases with drowsiness and one case with dizziness). Conclusions We conclude that EL is an appropriate first-line medication for patients with idiopathic and psychogenic taste disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Ichiro Sakata
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Medicine, Division of Oral Pathobiological Science, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-13 Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8586, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Hato
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Medicine, Division of Oral Pathobiological Science, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-13 Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8586, Japan
| | - Jun Sato
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Medicine, Division of Oral Pathobiological Science, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-13 Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8586, Japan
| | - Takashi Iori
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Medicine, Division of Oral Pathobiological Science, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-13 Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8586, Japan
| | - Noritaka Ohga
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Medicine, Division of Oral Pathobiological Science, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-13 Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8586, Japan
| | - Haruhisa Watanabe
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Medicine, Division of Oral Pathobiological Science, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-13 Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8586, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yamazaki
- Department of Gerodontology, Division of Oral Health Science, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-13 Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8586, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Kitagawa
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Medicine, Division of Oral Pathobiological Science, Faculty of Dental Medicine and Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-13 Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8586, Japan
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Kool L, Oranje B, Meijs H, De Wilde B, Van Hecke J, Niemegeers P, Luykx JJ. Event-related potentials and use of psychotropic medication in major psychiatric disorders. Psychiatry Res 2022; 314:114637. [PMID: 35649338 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attention deficits measured using event-related potentials (ERPs) have been frequently reported in several major psychiatric disorders, e.g. mood disorder (MD), psychotic disorder (PD) and substance use disorder (SUD). However, comparisons between these specific categories are lacking. Here we investigated if electrophysiological parameters of basic information processing are associated with the above-mentioned categories of psychiatric disorders, or instead were associated with general psychopathology. METHODS 579 subjects with MD, PD or SUD and healthy controls (HC) were included. Participants were tested in a passive auditory and an active visual oddball paradigm to assess mismatch negativity (MMN), P3A and P3B amplitudes. Additionally, we examined associations between these measures and psychoactive medication treatments. RESULTS All patients had significantly lower P3B amplitudes compared to healthy controls, while only SUD patients had lower P3A amplitudes than MD, PD and HC. PD patients also produced significantly less MMN than both MD and SUD patients. Additionally, we found significantly higher P3B amplitude in HC compared to patients without psychopharmacological treatment and patients treated with two or more psychoactive compounds (polypharmacy), but no significant associations with medication on P3A and MMN amplitudes. CONCLUSIONS Our results add to the theory that P3B deficits are associated with general psychopathology, whereas P3A and MMN deficits appear to be associated with substance abuse and psychotic disorders respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindy Kool
- Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Huispostnummer Str. 4.205, Universiteitsweg 100, Utrecht 3584 CG, The Netherlands; Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Bob Oranje
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CNSR) and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CINS), Academic Hospital Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Hannah Meijs
- Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Huispostnummer Str. 4.205, Universiteitsweg 100, Utrecht 3584 CG, The Netherlands; Research Institute Brainclinics, Brainclinics Foundation, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bieke De Wilde
- Department of Psychiatry, Ziekenhuis Netwerk Antwerpen (ZNA), Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jan Van Hecke
- Department of Psychiatry, Ziekenhuis Netwerk Antwerpen (ZNA), Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Peter Niemegeers
- Department of Psychiatry, Ziekenhuis Netwerk Antwerpen (ZNA), Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jurjen J Luykx
- Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Huispostnummer Str. 4.205, Universiteitsweg 100, Utrecht 3584 CG, The Netherlands; Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Outpatient second opinion clinic, GGNet Mental Health, Apeldoorn, The Netherlands
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Pinto NFC, Duarte M, Gonçalves H, Silva R, Gama J, Pato MV. Theta-Burst Stimulation Is Able to Impact Cognitive Processing: A P300 and Neuropsychological Test Study. Neuropsychobiology 2022; 80:288-298. [PMID: 33395687 DOI: 10.1159/000511605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Theta-burst stimulation (TBS) is a safe non-invasive neurostimulation technique used to improve cognitive and neuropsychiatric impairments. Combined outcome evaluation using event-related potentials (ERPs) and neuropsychological tests may allow a more thorough assessment of TBS treatment efficacy; however, some mixed results have been found, and their use remains scarce. Our main objective was to evaluate whether a session of TBS to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) can impact upon the performance of both neuropsychological and neurophysiological tests. METHODS This double-blind sham-controlled study involved 28 healthy adults, between 18 and 30 years. Volunteers were randomly allocated to receive excitatory (intermittent [iTBS]), inhibitory (continuous TBS [cTBS]) or sham stimulation on the left DLPFC. Subjects were evaluated using ERPs (auditory oddball paradigm P300) and neuropsychological tests (Trail making test [TMT] and Stroop test of words and colours [STWC]), using a pre-post stimulation protocol. RESULTS Inhibitory stimulation led to significantly delayed P300 peak latencies (p < 0.001), with no consistent change in N2P3 amplitudes. cTBS also significantly influenced the expected group performance in Stroop C and Stroop interference (p = 0.025) compared to the iTBS and sham groups. No significant results were found in TMT tests after TBS. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that P300 and specific Stroop colour and words test parameters can be similarly influenced by the same TBS protocol. This emphasizes the importance of mixed evaluation using neuropsychological and neurophysiological resources in research associated with the use of transcranial magnetic stimulation and cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Filipe Cardoso Pinto
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal, .,Dr. Lopes Dias School of Health, Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, Castelo Branco, Portugal, .,CICS-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal,
| | - Marta Duarte
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Helena Gonçalves
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Silva
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Jorge Gama
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.,Department of Mathematics, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Maria Vaz Pato
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.,CICS-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.,Department of Mathematics, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
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Tamburin S, Mantovani E, Bertoldi A, Federico A, Casari R, Lugoboni F. High-Dose Dependence and Cognitive Side Effects to Medical Prescription of Etizolam. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:601827. [PMID: 33329156 PMCID: PMC7671959 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.601827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The use of novel designer drugs has increased worldwide over the years. Etizolam is a designer benzodiazepine (BZD) that has raised concern because of its growing non-medical use, liability to tolerance and dependence, and related harms. Studies exploring the abuse liability and cognitive effects of etizolam outside the therapeutic doses are lacking. Aims: To explore the abuse liability of etizolam and the characteristics of patients affected by etizolam high-dose dependence in a nationwide tertiary referral addiction unit. To document the cognitive changes to etizolam high-dose use. Design and Methods: Sociodemographic and clinical data on subjects with etizolam high-dose use were retrospectively collected from a database of 1,293 patients consecutively admitted to the Addiction Medicine Unit, Verona University Hospital, Italy for detoxification from high-dose BZDs or Z-drugs dependence. Thorough neuropsychological testing explored the cognitive side effects of high-dose etizolam use. Results: We found eleven etizolam high-dose users, of which eight used etizolam only, and three used etizolam with other BZDs/zolpidem. All the patients were prescribed etizolam for medical reasons, i.e., anxiety and/or insomnia. Neuropsychological evaluation showed deficits of working memory, visuospatial memory and executive function in a 27-year-old woman who used etizolam 15 mg daily. Discussion: Our findings suggest that abuse and dependence liability of etizolam should be considered a public health and social problem. They offer preliminary evidence on the cognitive side effects of etizolam high-dose use. Conclusions: This report offers new information on the potential harms of etizolam in patients who are prescribed this drug for medical reasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Tamburin
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Elisa Mantovani
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Anna Bertoldi
- Addiction Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Verona University Hospital, Verona, Italy
| | - Angela Federico
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Rebecca Casari
- Addiction Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Verona University Hospital, Verona, Italy
| | - Fabio Lugoboni
- Addiction Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Verona University Hospital, Verona, Italy
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Paudel D, Utsunomiya M, Yoshida K, Giri S, Uehara O, Matsuoka H, Chiba I, Toyofuku A, Abiko Y. Pharmacotherapy in relieving the symptoms of burning mouth syndrome: A 1‐year follow‐up study. Oral Dis 2019; 26:193-199. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.13226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Durga Paudel
- Division of Oral Medicine and Pathology Department of Human Biology and Pathophysiology School of Dentistry Health Sciences University of Hokkaido Hokkaido Japan
| | - Masafumi Utsunomiya
- Division of Oral Medicine and Pathology Department of Human Biology and Pathophysiology School of Dentistry Health Sciences University of Hokkaido Hokkaido Japan
| | - Koki Yoshida
- Division of Oral Medicine and Pathology Department of Human Biology and Pathophysiology School of Dentistry Health Sciences University of Hokkaido Hokkaido Japan
| | - Sarita Giri
- Division of Periodontology and Endodontology Department of Oral Rehabilitation School of Dentistry Health Sciences University of Hokkaido Hokkaido Japan
| | - Osamu Uehara
- Division of Disease Control and Molecular Epidemiology Department of Oral Growth and Development School of Dentistry Health Sciences University of Hokkaido Hokkaido Japan
| | - Hirofumi Matsuoka
- Division of Disease Control and Molecular Epidemiology Department of Oral Growth and Development School of Dentistry Health Sciences University of Hokkaido Hokkaido Japan
| | - Itsuo Chiba
- Division of Disease Control and Molecular Epidemiology Department of Oral Growth and Development School of Dentistry Health Sciences University of Hokkaido Hokkaido Japan
| | - Akira Toyofuku
- Department of Psychosomatic Dentistry Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Tokyo Medical and Dental University Tokyo Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Abiko
- Division of Oral Medicine and Pathology Department of Human Biology and Pathophysiology School of Dentistry Health Sciences University of Hokkaido Hokkaido Japan
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Kelly JR, Allen AP, Temko A, Hutch W, Kennedy PJ, Farid N, Murphy E, Boylan G, Bienenstock J, Cryan JF, Clarke G, Dinan TG. Lost in translation? The potential psychobiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus (JB-1) fails to modulate stress or cognitive performance in healthy male subjects. Brain Behav Immun 2017; 61:50-59. [PMID: 27865949 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2016.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preclinical studies have identified certain probiotics as psychobiotics - live microorganisms with a potential mental health benefit. Lactobacillus rhamnosus (JB-1) has been shown to reduce stress-related behaviour, corticosterone release and alter central expression of GABA receptors in an anxious mouse strain. However, it is unclear if this single putative psychobiotic strain has psychotropic activity in humans. Consequently, we aimed to examine if these promising preclinical findings could be translated to healthy human volunteers. OBJECTIVES To determine the impact of L. rhamnosus on stress-related behaviours, physiology, inflammatory response, cognitive performance and brain activity patterns in healthy male participants. METHODS An 8week, randomized, placebo-controlled, cross-over design was employed. Twenty-nine healthy male volunteers participated. Participants completed self-report stress measures, cognitive assessments and resting electroencephalography (EEG). Plasma IL10, IL1β, IL6, IL8 and TNFα levels and whole blood Toll-like 4 (TLR-4) agonist-induced cytokine release were determined by multiplex ELISA. Salivary cortisol was determined by ELISA and subjective stress measures were assessed before, during and after a socially evaluated cold pressor test (SECPT). RESULTS There was no overall effect of probiotic treatment on measures of mood, anxiety, stress or sleep quality and no significant effect of probiotic over placebo on subjective stress measures, or the HPA response to the SECPT. Visuospatial memory performance, attention switching, rapid visual information processing, emotion recognition and associated EEG measures did not show improvement over placebo. No significant anti-inflammatory effects were seen as assessed by basal and stimulated cytokine levels. CONCLUSIONS L. rhamnosus was not superior to placebo in modifying stress-related measures, HPA response, inflammation or cognitive performance in healthy male participants. These findings highlight the challenges associated with moving promising preclinical studies, conducted in an anxious mouse strain, to healthy human participants. Future interventional studies investigating the effect of this psychobiotic in populations with stress-related disorders are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Kelly
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Science, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Andrew P Allen
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Science, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Andriy Temko
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - William Hutch
- INFANT Research Centre and Department of Pediatrics & Child Health, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Paul J Kennedy
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Niloufar Farid
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Science, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Eileen Murphy
- Alimentary Health Ltd., Cork Airport Business Park, Cork, Ireland
| | - Geraldine Boylan
- INFANT Research Centre and Department of Pediatrics & Child Health, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - John Bienenstock
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard Clarke
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Science, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Timothy G Dinan
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Science, University College Cork, Ireland.
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Bifidobacterium longum 1714 as a translational psychobiotic: modulation of stress, electrophysiology and neurocognition in healthy volunteers. Transl Psychiatry 2016; 6:e939. [PMID: 27801892 PMCID: PMC5314114 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2016.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The emerging concept of psychobiotics-live microorganisms with a potential mental health benefit-represents a novel approach for the management of stress-related conditions. The majority of studies have focused on animal models. Recent preclinical studies have identified the B. longum 1714 strain as a putative psychobiotic with an impact on stress-related behaviors, physiology and cognitive performance. Whether such preclinical effects could be translated to healthy human volunteers remains unknown. We tested whether psychobiotic consumption could affect the stress response, cognition and brain activity patterns. In a within-participants design, healthy volunteers (N=22) completed cognitive assessments, resting electroencephalography and were exposed to a socially evaluated cold pressor test at baseline, post-placebo and post-psychobiotic. Increases in cortisol output and subjective anxiety in response to the socially evaluated cold pressor test were attenuated. Furthermore, daily reported stress was reduced by psychobiotic consumption. We also observed subtle improvements in hippocampus-dependent visuospatial memory performance, as well as enhanced frontal midline electroencephalographic mobility following psychobiotic consumption. These subtle but clear benefits are in line with the predicted impact from preclinical screening platforms. Our results indicate that consumption of B. longum 1714 is associated with reduced stress and improved memory. Further studies are warranted to evaluate the benefits of this putative psychobiotic in relevant stress-related conditions and to unravel the mechanisms underlying such effects.
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Cosci F, Mansueto G, Faccini M, Casari R, Lugoboni F. Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of benzodiazepine long-term users: Results from a tertiary care center. Compr Psychiatry 2016; 69:211-5. [PMID: 27423363 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The use of benzodiazepines (BDZs) represents a critical issue since a long-term treatment may lead to dependence. This study aimed at evaluating socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of BZD long-term users who followed a detoxification program at a tertiary care center. METHOD Two hundred-five inpatients were evaluated. Socio-demographic (e.g., gender, age, education) and clinical information (e.g., BZD used, dose, reason of prescription) was collected. BZDs dose was standardized as diazepam dose equivalents and was compared via the Defined Daily Dose (DDD). Chi-square, Fisher test, ANOVA and Bonferroni analyses were performed. RESULTS Females were more frequently BDZ long-term users than males. Hypnotic BZDs were frequently prescribed for problems different from sleep disturbances. Lorazepam, alprazolam, and lormetazepam were the most prescribed drugs. Lorazepam was more frequently used by males, consumed for a long period, in pills, and prescribed for anxiety. Lormetazepam was more frequently consumed by females with a high school education, having a psychiatric disorder, taken in drops and prescribed for insomnia. Lormetazepam had the highest DDD. CONCLUSION A specific profile of BZD long-term user seems to exist and presents different socio-demographic and clinical characteristics according to the benzodiazepine taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Cosci
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, via di San Salvi 12, 50135, Florence, Italy.
| | - G Mansueto
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, via di San Salvi 12, 50135, Florence, Italy
| | - M Faccini
- Addiction Unit, Verona University Hospital, piazzale Aristide Stefani 1, 37126, Verona, Italy
| | - R Casari
- Addiction Unit, Verona University Hospital, piazzale Aristide Stefani 1, 37126, Verona, Italy
| | - F Lugoboni
- Addiction Unit, Verona University Hospital, piazzale Aristide Stefani 1, 37126, Verona, Italy
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Winter D, Herbert C, Koplin K, Schmahl C, Bohus M, Lis S. Negative evaluation bias for positive self-referential information in borderline personality disorder. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117083. [PMID: 25612212 PMCID: PMC4303263 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous research has suggested that patients meeting criteria for borderline personality disorder (BPD) display altered self-related information processing. However, experimental studies on dysfunctional self-referential information processing in BPD are rare. In this study, BPD patients (N = 30) and healthy control participants (N = 30) judged positive, neutral, and negative words in terms of emotional valence. Referential processing was manipulated by a preceding self-referential pronoun, an other-referential pronoun, or no referential context. Subsequently, patients and participants completed a free recall and recognition task. BPD patients judged positive and neutral words as more negative than healthy control participants when the words had self-reference or no reference. In BPD patients, these biases were significantly correlated with self-reported attributional style, particularly for negative events, but unrelated to measures of depressive mood. However, BPD patients did not differ from healthy control participants in a subsequent free recall task and a recognition task. Our findings point to a negative evaluation bias for positive, self-referential information in BPD. This bias did not affect the storage of information in memory, but may be related to self-attributions of negative events in everyday life in BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorina Winter
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Cornelia Herbert
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Biomedical Resonance Imaging, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Katrin Koplin
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christian Schmahl
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Martin Bohus
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stefanie Lis
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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