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Tosti B, Corrado S, Mancone S, Di Libero T, Rodio A, Andrade A, Diotaiuti P. Integrated use of biofeedback and neurofeedback techniques in treating pathological conditions and improving performance: a narrative review. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1358481. [PMID: 38567285 PMCID: PMC10985214 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1358481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the scientific community has begun tо explore the efficacy оf an integrated neurofeedback + biofeedback approach іn various conditions, both pathological and non-pathological. Although several studies have contributed valuable insights into its potential benefits, this review aims tо further investigate its effectiveness by synthesizing current findings and identifying areas for future research. Our goal іs tо provide a comprehensive overview that may highlight gaps іn the existing literature and propose directions for subsequent studies. The search for articles was conducted on the digital databases PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Studies to have used the integrated neurofeedback + biofeedback approach published between 2014 and 2023 and reviews to have analyzed the efficacy of neurofeedback and biofeedback, separately, related to the same time interval and topics were selected. The search identified five studies compatible with the objectives of the review, related to several conditions: nicotine addiction, sports performance, Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The integrated neurofeedback + biofeedback approach has been shown to be effective in improving several aspects of these conditions, such as a reduction in the presence of psychiatric symptoms, anxiety, depression, and withdrawal symptoms and an increase in self-esteem in smokers; improvements in communication, imitation, social/cognitive awareness, and social behavior in ASD subjects; improvements in attention, alertness, and reaction time in sports champions; and improvements in attention and inhibitory control in ADHD subjects. Further research, characterized by greater methodological rigor, is therefore needed to determine the effectiveness of this method and the superiority, if any, of this type of training over the single administration of either. This review іs intended tо serve as a catalyst for future research, signaling promising directions for the advancement оf biofeedback and neurofeedback methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Tosti
- Department of Human Sciences, Society and Health, University of Cassino, Cassino, Lazio, Italy
| | - Stefano Corrado
- Department of Human Sciences, Society and Health, University of Cassino, Cassino, Lazio, Italy
| | - Stefania Mancone
- Department of Human Sciences, Society and Health, University of Cassino, Cassino, Lazio, Italy
| | - Tommaso Di Libero
- Department of Human Sciences, Society and Health, University of Cassino, Cassino, Lazio, Italy
| | - Angelo Rodio
- Department of Human Sciences, Society and Health, University of Cassino, Cassino, Lazio, Italy
| | - Alexandro Andrade
- Department of Physical Education, CEFID, Santa Catarina State University, Florianopolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Pierluigi Diotaiuti
- Department of Human Sciences, Society and Health, University of Cassino, Cassino, Lazio, Italy
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Pan H, Liu TW, Ng SSM, Chen PM, Chung RCK, Lam SSL, Li CSK, Chan CCC, Lai CWK, Ng WWL, Tang MWS, Hui E, Woo J. Effects of mirror therapy with electrical stimulation for upper limb recovery in people with stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Disabil Rehabil 2024:1-16. [PMID: 38334111 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2024.2310757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To provide updated evidence about the effects of MT with ES for recovering upper extremities motor function in people with stroke. METHODS Systematic review and meta-analysis were completed. Methodological quality was assessed using the version 2 of the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. The GRADE approach was employed to assess the certainty of evidence. RESULTS A total of 16 trials with 773 participants were included in this review. The results demonstrated that MT with ES was more effective than sham (standardized mean difference [SMD], 1.89 [1.52-2.26]) and ES alone (SMD, 0.42 [0.11-0.73]) with low quality of evidence, or MT alone (SMD, 0.47[0.04-0.89]) with low quality of evidence for improving upper extremity motor control assessed using Fugl-Meyer Assessment. MT with ES had significant improvement of (MD, 6.47 [1.92-11.01]) the upper extremity gross gripping function assessed using the Action Research Arm Test compared with MT alone with low quality of evidence. MT combined with ES was more effective than sham group (SMD, 1.17 [0.42-1.93) for improving the ability to perform activities of daily living with low quality of evidence assessed using Motor Activity Log. CONCLUSION MT with ES may be effective in improving upper limb motor recovery in people with stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Pan
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China (SAR)
| | - Tai Wa Liu
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Hong Kong, China (SAR)
| | - Shamay S M Ng
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China (SAR)
| | - Pei Ming Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China (SAR)
| | - Raymond C K Chung
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China (SAR)
| | - Stefanie S L Lam
- Department of Physiotherapy, Shatin Hospital, Hong Kong, China (SAR)
| | - Carol S K Li
- Department of Physiotherapy, Shatin Hospital, Hong Kong, China (SAR)
| | - Charles C C Chan
- Department of Physiotherapy, Shatin Hospital, Hong Kong, China (SAR)
| | - Charles W K Lai
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China (SAR)
| | - Winnie W L Ng
- Department of Medicine, Tseung Kwan O Hospital, Hong Kong, China (SAR)
| | - Maria W S Tang
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Shatin Hospital, Hong Kong, China (SAR)
| | - Elsie Hui
- Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Shatin Hospital, Hong Kong, China (SAR)
| | - Jean Woo
- Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (SAR)
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Bas LM, Roberts ID, Hutcherson C, Tusche A. A neurocomputational account of the link between social perception and social action. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.10.02.560256. [PMID: 37873074 PMCID: PMC10592872 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.02.560256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
People selectively help others based on perceptions of their merit or need. Here, we develop a neurocomputational account of how these social perceptions translate into social choice. Using a novel fMRI social perception task, we show that both merit and need perceptions recruited the brain's social inference network. A behavioral computational model identified two non-exclusive mechanisms underlying variance in social perceptions: a consistent tendency to perceive others as meritorious/needy (bias) and a propensity to sample and integrate normative evidence distinguishing high from low merit/need in other people (sensitivity). Variance in people's merit (but not need) bias and sensitivity independently predicted distinct aspects of altruism in a social choice task completed months later. An individual's merit bias predicted context-independent variance in people's overall other-regard during altruistic choice, biasing people towards prosocial actions. An individual's merit sensitivity predicted context-sensitive discrimination in generosity towards high and low merit recipients by influencing other-regard and self-regard during altruistic decision-making. This context-sensitive perception-action link was associated with activation in the right temporoparietal junction. Together, these findings point towards stable, biologically based individual differences in perceptual processes related to abstract social concepts like merit, and suggest that these differences may have important behavioral implications for an individual's tendency toward favoritism or discrimination in social settings.
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Tokimoto S, Tokimoto N. Time course of effective connectivity associated with perspective taking in utterance comprehension. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1179230. [PMID: 38021233 PMCID: PMC10658713 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1179230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study discusses the effective connectivity in the brain and its time course in realizing perspective taking in verbal communication through electroencephalogram (EEG) associated with the understanding of Japanese utterances. We manipulated perspective taking in a sentence with the Japanese subsidiary verbs -ageru and -kureru, which mean "to give". We measured the EEG during the auditory presentation of the sentences with a multichannel electroencephalograph, and the partial directed coherence and its temporal variations were analyzed using the source localization method to examine causal interactions between nineteen regions of interest in the brain. Three different processing stages were recognized on the basis of the connectivity hubs, direction of information flow, increase or decrease in flow, and temporal variation. We suggest that perspective taking in speech comprehension is realized by interactions between the mentalizing network, mirror neuron network, and executive control network. Furthermore, we found that individual differences in the sociality of typically developing adult speakers were systematically related to effective connectivity. In particular, attention switching was deeply concerned with perspective taking in real time, and the precuneus played a crucial role in implementing individual differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Tokimoto
- Department of English Language Studies, Mejiro University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko Tokimoto
- Department of Performing Arts, Shobi University, Saitama, Japan
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Geng L, Feng Q, Wang X, Gao Y, Hao L, Qiu J. Connectome-based modeling reveals a resting-state functional network that mediates the relationship between social rejection and rumination. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1264221. [PMID: 37965648 PMCID: PMC10642796 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1264221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Rumination impedes problem solving and is one of the most important factors in the onset and maintenance of multiple psychiatric disorders. The current study aims to investigate the impact of social rejection on rumination and explore the underlying neural mechanisms involved in this process. Methods We utilized psychological questionnaire and resting-state brain imaging data from a sample of 560 individuals. The predictive model for rumination scores was constructed using resting-state functional connectivity data through connectome-based predictive modeling. Additionally, a mediation analysis was conducted to investigate the mediating role of the prediction network in the relationship between social rejection and rumination. Results A positive correlation between social rejection and rumination was found. We obtained the prediction model of rumination and found that the strongest contributions came from the intra- and internetwork connectivity within the default mode network (DMN), dorsal attention network (DAN), frontoparietal control network (FPCN), and sensorimotor networks (SMN). Analysis of node strength revealed the significance of the supramarginal gyrus (SMG) and angular gyrus (AG) as key nodes in the prediction model. In addition, mediation analysis showed that the strength of the prediction network mediated the relationship between social rejection and rumination. Conclusion The findings highlight the crucial role of functional connections among the DMN, DAN, FPCN, and SMN in linking social rejection and rumination, particular in brain regions implicated in social cognition and emotion, namely the SMG and AG regions. These results enhance our understanding of the consequences of social rejection and provide insights for novel intervention strategies targeting rumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Geng
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiuyang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xueyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yixin Gao
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lei Hao
- College of Teacher Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiang Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Nunes JD, Vourvopoulos A, Blanco-Mora DA, Jorge C, Fernandes JC, Bermudez i Badia S, Figueiredo P. Brain activation by a VR-based motor imagery and observation task: An fMRI study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291528. [PMID: 37756271 PMCID: PMC10529559 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Training motor imagery (MI) and motor observation (MO) tasks is being intensively exploited to promote brain plasticity in the context of post-stroke rehabilitation strategies. This may benefit from the use of closed-loop neurofeedback, embedded in brain-computer interfaces (BCI's) to provide an alternative non-muscular channel, which may be further augmented through embodied feedback delivered through virtual reality (VR). Here, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in a group of healthy adults to map brain activation elicited by an ecologically-valid task based on a VR-BCI paradigm called NeuRow, whereby participants perform MI of rowing with the left or right arm (i.e., MI), while observing the corresponding movement of the virtual arm of an avatar (i.e., MO), on the same side, in a first-person perspective. We found that this MI-MO task elicited stronger brain activation when compared with a conventional MI-only task based on the Graz BCI paradigm, as well as to an overt motor execution task. It recruited large portions of the parietal and occipital cortices in addition to the somatomotor and premotor cortices, including the mirror neuron system (MNS), associated with action observation, as well as visual areas related with visual attention and motion processing. Overall, our findings suggest that the virtual representation of the arms in an ecologically-valid MI-MO task engage the brain beyond conventional MI tasks, which we propose could be explored for more effective neurorehabilitation protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- João D. Nunes
- INESC TEC - Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, and Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Athanasios Vourvopoulos
- Institute for Systems and Robotics - Lisboa, and Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Diego Andrés Blanco-Mora
- Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e da Engenharia, N-LINCS Madeira — ARDITI, Universidade da Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Carolina Jorge
- Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e da Engenharia, N-LINCS Madeira — ARDITI, Universidade da Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Jean-Claude Fernandes
- Central Hospital of Funchal, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Service, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Sergi Bermudez i Badia
- Faculdade de Ciências Exatas e da Engenharia, N-LINCS Madeira — ARDITI, Universidade da Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Figueiredo
- Institute for Systems and Robotics - Lisboa, and Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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Kilpatrick LA, Zhang K, Dong TS, Gee GC, Beltran-Sanchez H, Wang M, Labus JS, Naliboff BD, Mayer EA, Gupta A. Mediation of the association between disadvantaged neighborhoods and cortical microstructure by body mass index. COMMUNICATIONS MEDICINE 2023; 3:122. [PMID: 37714947 PMCID: PMC10504354 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-023-00350-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Living in a disadvantaged neighborhood is associated with worse health outcomes, including brain health, yet the underlying biological mechanisms are incompletely understood. We investigated the relationship between neighborhood disadvantage and cortical microstructure, assessed as the T1-weighted/T2-weighted ratio (T1w/T2w) on magnetic resonance imaging, and the potential mediating roles of body mass index (BMI) and stress, as well as the relationship between trans-fatty acid intake and cortical microstructure. METHODS Participants comprised 92 adults (27 men; 65 women) who underwent neuroimaging and provided residential address information. Neighborhood disadvantage was assessed as the 2020 California State area deprivation index (ADI). The T1w/T2w ratio was calculated at four cortical ribbon levels (deep, lower-middle, upper-middle, and superficial). Perceived stress and BMI were assessed as potential mediating factors. Dietary data was collected in 81 participants. RESULTS Here, we show that worse ADI is positively correlated with BMI (r = 0.27, p = .01) and perceived stress (r = 0.22, p = .04); decreased T1w/T2w ratio in middle/deep cortex in supramarginal, temporal, and primary motor regions (p < .001); and increased T1w/T2w ratio in superficial cortex in medial prefrontal and cingulate regions (p < .001). Increased BMI partially mediates the relationship between worse ADI and observed T1w/T2w ratio increases (p = .02). Further, trans-fatty acid intake (high in fried fast foods and obesogenic) is correlated with these T1w/T2w ratio increases (p = .03). CONCLUSIONS Obesogenic aspects of neighborhood disadvantage, including poor dietary quality, may disrupt information processing flexibility in regions involved in reward, emotion regulation, and cognition. These data further suggest ramifications of living in a disadvantaged neighborhood on brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Kilpatrick
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Goodman-Luskin Microbiome Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Keying Zhang
- Goodman-Luskin Microbiome Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tien S Dong
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Goodman-Luskin Microbiome Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Parenteral Nutrition, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gilbert C Gee
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- California Center for Population Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hiram Beltran-Sanchez
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- California Center for Population Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - May Wang
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer S Labus
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Goodman-Luskin Microbiome Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bruce D Naliboff
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Goodman-Luskin Microbiome Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Emeran A Mayer
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Goodman-Luskin Microbiome Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Arpana Gupta
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Goodman-Luskin Microbiome Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Yang CJ, Yu HY, Hong TY, Shih CH, Yeh TC, Chen LF, Hsieh JC. Trait representation of embodied cognition in dancers pivoting on the extended mirror neuron system: a resting-state fMRI study. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1173993. [PMID: 37492559 PMCID: PMC10364845 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1173993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Dance is an art form that integrates the body and mind through movement. Dancers develop exceptional physical and mental abilities that involve various neurocognitive processes linked to embodied cognition. We propose that dancers' primary trait representation is movement-actuated and relies on the extended mirror neuron system (eMNS). Methods A total of 29 dancers and 28 non-dancer controls were recruited. A hierarchical approach of intra-regional and inter-regional functional connectivity (FC) analysis was adopted to probe trait-like neurodynamics within and between regions in the eMNS during rest. Correlation analyses were employed to examine the associations between dance training, creativity, and the FC within and between different brain regions. Results Within the eMNS, dancers exhibited increased intra-regional FC in various brain regions compared to non-dancers. These regions include the left inferior frontal gyrus, left ventral premotor cortex, left anterior insula, left posterior cerebellum (crus II), and bilateral basal ganglia (putamen and globus pallidus). Dancers also exhibited greater intrinsic inter-regional FC between the cerebellum and the core/limbic mirror areas within the eMNS. In dancers, there was a negative correlation observed between practice intensity and the intrinsic FC within the eMNS involving the cerebellum and basal ganglia. Additionally, FCs from the basal ganglia to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex were found to be negatively correlated with originality in dancers. Discussion Our results highlight the proficient communication within the cortical-subcortical hierarchy of the eMNS in dancers, linked to the automaticity and cognitive-motor interactions acquired through training. Altered functional couplings in the eMNS can be regarded as a unique neural signature specific to virtuoso dancers, which might predispose them for skilled dancing performance, perception, and creation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Ju Yang
- Institute of Brain Science, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Integrated Brain Research Unit, Division of Clinical Research, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yen Yu
- Graduate Institute of Arts and Humanities Education, Taipei National University of the Arts, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Yi Hong
- Institute of Brain Science, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Integrated Brain Research Unit, Division of Clinical Research, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Heng Shih
- Institute of Brain Science, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Chen Yeh
- Institute of Brain Science, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Radiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Li-Fen Chen
- Institute of Brain Science, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Integrated Brain Research Unit, Division of Clinical Research, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Chuen Hsieh
- Integrated Brain Research Unit, Division of Clinical Research, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDSB), National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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Kilpatrick L, Zhang K, Dong T, Gee G, Beltran-Sanchez H, Wang M, Labus J, Naliboff B, Mayer E, Gupta A. Mediating role of obesity on the association between disadvantaged neighborhoods and intracortical myelination. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2592087. [PMID: 36993600 PMCID: PMC10055549 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2592087/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the relationship between neighborhood disadvantage (area deprivation index [ADI]) and intracortical myelination (T1-weighted/T2-weighted ratio at deep to superficial cortical levels), and the potential mediating role of the body mass index (BMI) and perceived stress in 92 adults. Worse ADI was correlated with increased BMI and perceived stress (p's<.05). Non-rotated partial least squares analysis revealed associations between worse ADI and decreased myelination in middle/deep cortex in supramarginal, temporal, and primary motor regions and increased myelination in superficial cortex in medial prefrontal and cingulate regions (p<.001); thus, neighborhood disadvantage may influence the flexibility of information processing involved in reward, emotion regulation, and cognition. Structural equation modelling revealed increased BMI as partially mediating the relationship between worse ADI and observed myelination increases (p=.02). Further, trans-fatty acid intake was correlated with observed myelination increases (p=.03), suggesting the importance of dietary quality. These data further suggest ramifications of neighborhood disadvantage on brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tien Dong
- University of California Los Angeles
| | | | | | - May Wang
- University of California Los Angeles
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Lee M, Lori A, Langford NA, Rilling JK. The neural basis of smile authenticity judgments and the potential modulatory role of the oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR). Behav Brain Res 2023; 437:114144. [PMID: 36216140 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Accurate perception of genuine vs. posed smiles is crucial for successful social navigation in humans. While people vary in their ability to assess the authenticity of smiles, little is known about the specific biological mechanisms underlying this variation. We investigated the neural substrates of smile authenticity judgments using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We also tested a preliminary hypothesis that a common polymorphism in the oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) rs53576 would modulate the behavioral and neural indices of accurate smile authenticity judgments. A total of 185 healthy adult participants (Neuroimaging arm: N = 44, Behavioral arm: N = 141) determined the authenticity of dynamic facial expressions of genuine and posed smiles either with or without fMRI scanning. Correctly identified genuine vs. posed smiles activated brain areas involved with reward processing, facial mimicry, and mentalizing. Activation within the inferior frontal gyrus and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex correlated with individual differences in sensitivity (d') and response criterion (C), respectively. Our exploratory genetic analysis revealed that rs53576 G homozygotes in the neuroimaging arm had a stronger tendency to judge posed smiles as genuine than did A allele carriers and showed decreased activation in the medial prefrontal cortex when viewing genuine vs. posed smiles. Yet, OXTR rs53576 did not modulate task performance in the behavioral arm, which calls for further studies to evaluate the legitimacy of this result. Our findings extend previous literature on the biological foundations of smile authenticity judgments, particularly emphasizing the involvement of brain regions implicated in reward, facial mimicry, and mentalizing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adriana Lori
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, USA
| | - Nicole A Langford
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, USA; Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, USA
| | - James K Rilling
- Department of Anthropology, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, USA; Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, USA; Emory National Primate Research Center, USA; Center for Translational Social Neuroscience, USA.
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Yoshioka A, Tanabe HC, Nakagawa E, Sumiya M, Koike T, Sadato N. The Role of the Left Inferior Frontal Gyrus in Introspection during Verbal Communication. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13010111. [PMID: 36672092 PMCID: PMC9856826 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13010111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Conversation enables the sharing of our subjective experiences through verbalizing introspected thoughts and feelings. The mentalizing network represents introspection, and successful conversation is characterized by alignment through imitation mediated by the mirror neuron system (MNS). Therefore, we hypothesized that the interaction between the mentalizing network and MNS mediates the conversational exchange of introspection. To test this, we performed hyperscanning functional magnetic resonance imaging during structured real-time conversations between 19 pairs of healthy participants. The participants first evaluated their preference for and familiarity with a presented object and then disclosed it. The control was the object feature identification task. When contrasted with the control, the preference/familiarity evaluation phase activated the dorso-medial prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, precuneus, left hippocampus, right cerebellum, and orbital portion of the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), which represents introspection. The left IFG was activated when the two participants' statements of introspection were mismatched during the disclosure. Disclosing introspection enhanced the functional connectivity of the left IFG with the bilateral superior temporal gyrus and primary motor cortex, representing the auditory MNS. Thus, the mentalizing system and MNS are hierarchically linked in the left IFG during a conversation, allowing for the sharing of introspection of the self and others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Yoshioka
- Department of Cognitive and Psychological Sciences, Graduate School of Informatics, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
- Division of Cerebral Integration, Department of System Neuroscience, National Institute for Physiological Sciences (NIPS), Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
- Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan
| | - Hiroki C. Tanabe
- Department of Cognitive and Psychological Sciences, Graduate School of Informatics, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
- Correspondence: (H.C.T.); (N.S.); Tel.: +81-52-789-2256 (H.C.T.); +81-564-55-7841 (N.S.); Fax: +81-52-789-2256 (H.C.T.); +81-564-55-7843 (N.S.)
| | - Eri Nakagawa
- Division of Cerebral Integration, Department of System Neuroscience, National Institute for Physiological Sciences (NIPS), Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Motofumi Sumiya
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
- Division of Cerebral Integration, Department of System Neuroscience, National Institute for Physiological Sciences (NIPS), Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Takahiko Koike
- Division of Cerebral Integration, Department of System Neuroscience, National Institute for Physiological Sciences (NIPS), Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Norihiro Sadato
- Division of Cerebral Integration, Department of System Neuroscience, National Institute for Physiological Sciences (NIPS), Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
- Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu 525-8577, Japan
- Correspondence: (H.C.T.); (N.S.); Tel.: +81-52-789-2256 (H.C.T.); +81-564-55-7841 (N.S.); Fax: +81-52-789-2256 (H.C.T.); +81-564-55-7843 (N.S.)
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12
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Du Q, Luo J, Cheng Q, Wang Y, Guo S. Vibrotactile enhancement in hand rehabilitation has a reinforcing effect on sensorimotor brain activities. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:935827. [PMID: 36267238 PMCID: PMC9577243 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.935827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Stroke patients often suffer from hand dysfunction or loss of tactile perception, which in turn interferes with hand rehabilitation. Tactile-enhanced multi-sensory feedback rehabilitation is an approach worth considering, but its effectiveness has not been well studied. By using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to analyze the causal activity patterns in the sensorimotor cortex, the present study aims to investigate the cortical hemodynamic effects of hand rehabilitation training when tactile stimulation is applied, and to provide a basis for rehabilitation program development. Methods A vibrotactile enhanced pneumatically actuated hand rehabilitation device was tested on the less-preferred hand of 14 healthy right-handed subjects. The training tasks consisted of move hand and observe video (MO), move hand and vibration stimulation (MV), move hand, observe video, and vibration stimulation (MOV), and a contrast resting task. Region of interest (ROI), a laterality index (LI), and causal brain network analysis methods were used to explore the brain’s cortical blood flow response to a multi-sensory feedback rehabilitation task from multiple perspectives. Results (1) A more pronounced contralateral activation in the right-brain region occurred under the MOV stimulation. Rehabilitation tasks containing vibrotactile enhancement (MV and MOV) had significantly more oxyhemoglobin than the MO task at 5 s after the task starts, indicating faster contralateral activation in sensorimotor brain regions. (2) Five significant lateralized channel connections were generated under the MV and MOV tasks (p < 0.05), one significant lateralized channel connection was generated by the MO task, and the Rest were not, showing that MV and MOV caused stronger lateralization activation. (3) We investigated all thresholds of granger causality (GC) resulting in consistent relative numbers of effect connections. MV elicited stronger causal interactions between the left and right cerebral hemispheres, and at the GC threshold of 0.4, there were 13 causal network connection pairs for MV, 7 for MO, and 9 for MOV. Conclusion Vibrotactile cutaneous stimulation as a tactile enhancement can produce a stronger stimulation of the brain’s sensorimotor brain areas, promoting the establishment of neural pathways, and causing a richer effect between the left and right cerebral hemispheres. The combination of kinesthetic, vibrotactile, and visual stimulation can achieve a more prominent training efficiency from the perspective of functional cerebral hemodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Du
- Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of AI and Robotics, Shanghai, China
- Engineering Research Center of AI and Robotics, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Luo
- Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of AI and Robotics, Shanghai, China
- Engineering Research Center of AI and Robotics, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- Jihua Laboratory, Foshan, China
- *Correspondence: Jingjing Luo,
| | - Qiying Cheng
- Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of AI and Robotics, Shanghai, China
- Engineering Research Center of AI and Robotics, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Youhao Wang
- Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of AI and Robotics, Shanghai, China
- Engineering Research Center of AI and Robotics, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Shijie Guo
- Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of AI and Robotics, Shanghai, China
- Engineering Research Center of AI and Robotics, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- Department of the State Key Laboratory of Reliability and Intelligence of Electrical Equipment and the Hebei Key Laboratory of Robot Perception and Human-Robot Interaction, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
- Shijie Guo,
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13
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Resting-state BOLD temporal variability in sensorimotor and salience networks underlies trait emotional intelligence and explains differences in emotion regulation strategies. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15163. [PMID: 36071093 PMCID: PMC9452559 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19477-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A converging body of behavioural findings supports the hypothesis that the dispositional use of emotion regulation (ER) strategies depends on trait emotional intelligence (trait EI) levels. Unfortunately, neuroscientific investigations of such relationship are missing. To fill this gap, we analysed trait measures and resting state data from 79 healthy participants to investigate whether trait EI and ER processes are associated to similar neural circuits. An unsupervised machine learning approach (independent component analysis) was used to decompose resting-sate functional networks and to assess whether they predict trait EI and specific ER strategies. Individual differences results showed that high trait EI significantly predicts and negatively correlates with the frequency of use of typical dysfunctional ER strategies. Crucially, we observed that an increased BOLD temporal variability within sensorimotor and salience networks was associated with both high trait EI and the frequency of use of cognitive reappraisal. By contrast, a decreased variability in salience network was associated with the use of suppression. These findings support the tight connection between trait EI and individual tendency to use functional ER strategies, and provide the first evidence that modulations of BOLD temporal variability in specific brain networks may be pivotal in explaining this relationship.
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Li T, Pei Z, Zhu Z, Wu X, Feng C. Intrinsic brain activity patterns across large-scale networks predict reciprocity propensity. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:5616-5629. [PMID: 36054523 PMCID: PMC9704792 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Reciprocity is prevalent across human societies, but individuals are heterogeneous regarding their reciprocity propensity. Although a large body of task-based brain imaging measures has shed light on the neural underpinnings of reciprocity at group level, the neural basis underlying the individual differences in reciprocity propensity remains largely unclear. Here, we combined brain imaging and machine learning techniques to individually predict reciprocity propensity from resting-state brain activity measured by fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation. The brain regions contributing to the prediction were then analyzed for functional connectivity and decoding analyses, allowing for a data-driven quantitative inference on psychophysiological functions. Our results indicated that patterns of resting-state brain activity across multiple brain systems were capable of predicting individual reciprocity propensity, with the contributing regions distributed across the salience (e.g., ventrolateral prefrontal cortex), fronto-parietal (e.g., dorsolateral prefrontal cortex), default mode (e.g., ventromedial prefrontal cortex), and sensorimotor (e.g., supplementary motor area) networks. Those contributing brain networks are implicated in emotion and cognitive control, mentalizing, and motor-based processes, respectively. Collectively, these findings provide novel evidence on the neural signatures underlying the individual differences in reciprocity, and lend support the assertion that reciprocity emerges from interactions among regions embodied in multiple large-scale brain networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University)Ministry of EducationGuangzhouChina,School of Psychology, Institute of Brain Research and Rehabilitation (IBRR), Center for Studies of Psychological Application, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive ScienceSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhouChina,Institute of Brain and Psychological SciencesSichuan Normal UniversityChengduChina
| | - Zhaodi Pei
- School of Artificial IntelligenceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina,Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Technology and Educational Application of Ministry of EducationBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Zhiyuan Zhu
- School of Artificial IntelligenceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina,Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Technology and Educational Application of Ministry of EducationBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xia Wu
- School of Artificial IntelligenceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina,Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Technology and Educational Application of Ministry of EducationBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Chunliang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University)Ministry of EducationGuangzhouChina,School of Psychology, Institute of Brain Research and Rehabilitation (IBRR), Center for Studies of Psychological Application, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive ScienceSouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhouChina
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15
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Zhou Z, Chen S, Li Y, Zhao J, Li G, Chen L, Wu Y, Zhang S, Shi X, Chen X, Xu S, Ren M, Chang S, Shan C. Comparison of Sensory Observation and Somatosensory Stimulation in Mirror Neurons and the Sensorimotor Network: A Task-Based fMRI Study. Front Neurol 2022; 13:916990. [PMID: 35847217 PMCID: PMC9279701 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.916990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to investigate brain plasticity by somatosensory stimulation (SS) and sensory observation (SO) based on mirror neuron and embodied cognition theory. Action observation therapy has been widely adopted for motor function improvement in post-stroke patients. However, it is uncertain whether the SO approach can also contribute to the recovery of sensorimotor function after stroke. In this study, we explored the therapeutic potential of SO for sensorimotor dysfunction and provided new evidence for neurorehabilitation. Methods Twenty-six healthy right-handed adults (12 men and 14 women), aged 18–27 (mean, 22.12; SD, 2.12) years were included. All subjects were evaluated with task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to discover the characteristics and differences in brain activation between SO and SS. We adopted a block design with two conditions during fMRI scanning: observing a sensory video of brushing (task condition A, defined as SO) and brushing subjects' right forearms while they watched a nonsense string (task condition B, defined as SS). One-sample t-tests were performed to identify brain regions and voxels activated for each task condition. A paired-sample t-test and conjunction analysis were performed to explore the differences and similarities between SO and SS. Results The task-based fMRI showed that the bilateral postcentral gyrus, left precentral gyrus, bilateral middle temporal gyrus, right supramarginal gyrus, and left supplementary motor area were significantly activated during SO or SS. In addition to these brain regions, SO could also activate areas containing mirror neurons, like the left inferior parietal gyrus. Conclusion SO could activate mirror neurons and sensorimotor network-related brain regions in healthy subjects like SS. Therefore, SO may be a promising novel therapeutic approach for sensorimotor dysfunction recovery in post-stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqing Zhou
- Center of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Songmei Chen
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai No. 3 Rehabilitation Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanli Li
- Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Intelligent Rehabilitation, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjun Zhao
- Center of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guanwu Li
- Department of Radiology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Radiology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuwei Wu
- Center of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sicong Zhang
- Center of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolong Shi
- Center of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xixi Chen
- Center of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shutian Xu
- Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Intelligent Rehabilitation, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Ren
- Center of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shixin Chang
- Department of Radiology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Shixin Chang
| | - Chunlei Shan
- Center of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Intelligent Rehabilitation, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
- Chunlei Shan
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16
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Ma ZZ, Wu JJ, Hua XY, Zheng MX, Xing XX, Ma J, Li SS, Shan CL, Xu JG. Brain Function and Upper Limb Deficit in Stroke With Motor Execution and Imagery: A Cross-Sectional Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:806406. [PMID: 35663563 PMCID: PMC9160973 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.806406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundMotor imagery training might be helpful in stroke rehabilitation. This study explored if a specific modulation of movement-related regions is related to motor imagery (MI) ability.MethodsTwenty-three patients with subcortical stroke and 21 age-matched controls were recruited. They were subjectively screened using the Kinesthetic and Visual Imagery Questionnaire (KVIQ). They then underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while performing three repetitions of different motor tasks (motor execution and MI). Two separate runs were acquired [motor execution tasks (ME and rest) and motor imagery (MI and rest)] in a block design. For the different tasks, analyses of cerebral activation and the correlation of motor/imagery task-related activity and KVIQ scores were performed.ResultsDuring unaffected hand (UH) active grasp movement, we observed decreased activations in the contralateral precentral gyrus (PreCG), contralateral postcentral gyrus (PoCG) [p < 0.05, family wise error (FWE) corrected] and a positive correlation with the ability of FMA-UE (PreCG: r = 0.46, p = 0.028; PoCG: r = 0.44, p = 0.040). During active grasp of the affected hand (AH), decreased activation in the contralateral PoCG was observed (p < 0.05, FWE corrected). MI of the UH induced significant activations of the contralateral superior frontal gyrus, opercular region of the inferior frontal gyrus, and ipsilateral ACC and deactivation in the ipsilateral supplementary motor area (p < 0.05, AlphaSim correction). Ipsilateral anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) activity negatively correlated with MI ability (r = =–0.49, p = 0.022). Moreover, we found significant activation of the contralesional middle frontal gyrus (MFG) during MI of the AH.ConclusionOur results proved the dominant effects of MI dysfunction that exist in stroke during the processing of motor execution. In the motor execution task, the enhancement of the contralateral PreCG and PoCG contributed to reversing the motor dysfunction, while in the MI task, inhibition of the contralateral ACC can increase the impaired KVIQ ability. The bimodal balance recovery model can explain our results well. Recognizing neural mechanisms is critical to helping us formulate precise strategies when intervening with electrical or magnetic stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Zhen Ma
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Jia Wu
- Center of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu-Yun Hua
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedics, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mou-Xiong Zheng
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedics, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang-Xin Xing
- Center of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Center of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Si-Si Li
- Center of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun-Lei Shan
- Center of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Chun-Lei Shan,
| | - Jian-Guang Xu
- Center of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Rehabilitation Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Jian-Guang Xu,
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17
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Spaccasassi C, Zanon M, Borgomaneri S, Avenanti A. Mu rhythm and corticospinal excitability capture two different frames of motor resonance: A TMS/EEG co-registration study. Cortex 2022; 154:197-211. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2022.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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18
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Friedrich EVC, Zillekens IC, Biel AL, O'Leary D, Seegenschmiedt EV, Singer J, Schilbach L, Sauseng P. Seeing a Bayesian ghost: Sensorimotor activation leads to an illusory social perception. iScience 2022; 25:104068. [PMID: 35355523 PMCID: PMC8958323 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on our prior experiences we form social expectations and anticipate another person’s response. Under certain conditions, these expectations can be so strong that they lead to illusory perception of another person who is actually not there (i.e., seeing a Bayesian ghost). We used EEG to investigate the neural correlates of such illusory social perception. Our results showed that activation of the premotor cortex predicted the occurrence of the Bayesian ghost, whereas its actual appearance was later accompanied by activation in sensorimotor and adjacent parietal regions. These findings confirm that our perception of others is so strongly affected by prior expectations, in such a way they can prompt illusory social perceptions associated with activity change in brain regions relevant for action perception. They also contribute to a better understanding of social interaction in healthy individuals as well as persons with mental illnesses, which can be characterized by illusory perception and social interaction difficulties. Expecting a response to a social action can lead to an illusion of another person The brain does not merely respond to social signals but anticipates social behavior Sensorimotor activity indicates top-down predictions that outweigh sensory input Illusory social perception is associated with sensorimotor and parietal activity
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth V C Friedrich
- Department of Psychology, Research Unit Biological Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Imme C Zillekens
- Independent Max Planck Research Group for Social Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany.,International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Lena Biel
- Department of Psychology, Research Unit Biological Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Dariusz O'Leary
- Department of Psychology, Research Unit Biological Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Eva Victoria Seegenschmiedt
- Department of Psychology, Research Unit Biological Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes Singer
- Department of Psychology, Research Unit Biological Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany.,Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Leonhard Schilbach
- Independent Max Planck Research Group for Social Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany.,International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany.,Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Paul Sauseng
- Department of Psychology, Research Unit Biological Psychology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80802 Munich, Germany
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19
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Rovetti J, Copelli F, Russo FA. Audio and visual speech emotion activate the left pre-supplementary motor area. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 22:291-303. [PMID: 34811708 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-021-00961-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sensorimotor brain areas have been implicated in the recognition of emotion expressed on the face and through nonverbal vocalizations. However, no previous study has assessed whether sensorimotor cortices are recruited during the perception of emotion in speech-a signal that includes both audio (speech sounds) and visual (facial speech movements) components. To address this gap in the literature, we recruited 24 participants to listen to speech clips produced in a way that was either happy, sad, or neutral in expression. These stimuli also were presented in one of three modalities: audio-only (hearing the voice but not seeing the face), video-only (seeing the face but not hearing the voice), or audiovisual. Brain activity was recorded using electroencephalography, subjected to independent component analysis, and source-localized. We found that the left presupplementary motor area was more active in response to happy and sad stimuli than neutral stimuli, as indexed by greater mu event-related desynchronization. This effect did not differ by the sensory modality of the stimuli. Activity levels in other sensorimotor brain areas did not differ by emotion, although they were greatest in response to visual-only and audiovisual stimuli. One possible explanation for the pre-SMA result is that this brain area may actively support speech emotion recognition by using our extensive experience expressing emotion to generate sensory predictions that in turn guide our perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Rovetti
- Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Fran Copelli
- Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Frank A Russo
- Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, M5B 2K3, Canada.
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20
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Xin X, Zhang Q. The Inhibition Effect of Affordances in Action Picture Naming: An ERP Study. J Cogn Neurosci 2022; 34:951-966. [PMID: 35303083 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
How quickly are different kinds of conceptual knowledge activated in action picture naming? Using a masked priming paradigm, we manipulated the prime category type (artificial vs. natural), prime action type (precision, power, vs. neutral grip), and target action type (precision vs. power grip) in action picture naming, while electrophysiological signals were measured concurrently. Naming latencies showed an inhibition effect in the congruent action type condition compared with the neutral condition. ERP results showed that artificial and natural category primes induced smaller waveforms in precision or power action primes than neutral primes in the time window of 100-200 msec. Time-frequency results consistently presented a power desynchronization of the mu rhythm in the time window of 0-210 msec with precision action type artificial objects compared with neutral primes, which localized at the supplementary motor, precentral and postcentral areas in the left hemisphere. These findings suggest an inhibitory effect of affordances arising at conceptual preparation in action picture naming and provide evidence for embodied cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xin
- Renmin University of China, Beijing
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21
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Differential beta desynchronisation responses to dynamic emotional facial expressions are attenuated in higher trait anxiety and autism. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 22:1404-1420. [PMID: 35761029 PMCID: PMC9622532 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-022-01015-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Daily life demands that we differentiate between a multitude of emotional facial expressions (EFEs). The mirror neuron system (MNS) is becoming increasingly implicated as a neural network involved with understanding emotional body expressions. However, the specificity of the MNS's involvement in emotion recognition has remained largely unexplored. This study investigated whether six basic dynamic EFEs (anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise) would be differentiated through event-related desynchronisation (ERD) of sensorimotor alpha and beta oscillatory activity, which indexes sensorimotor MNS activity. We found that beta ERD differentiated happy, fearful, and sad dynamic EFEs at the central region of interest, but not at occipital regions. Happy EFEs elicited significantly greater central beta ERD relative to fearful and sad EFEs within 800 - 2,000 ms after EFE onset. These differences were source-localised to the primary somatosensory cortex, which suggests they are likely to reflect differential sensorimotor simulation rather than differential attentional engagement. Furthermore, individuals with higher trait anxiety showed less beta ERD differentiation between happy and sad faces. Similarly, individuals with higher trait autism showed less beta ERD differentiation between happy and fearful faces. These findings suggest that the differential simulation of specific affective states is attenuated in individuals with higher trait anxiety and autism. In summary, the MNS appears to support the skills needed for emotion processing in daily life, which may be influenced by certain individual differences. This provides novel evidence for the notion that simulation-based emotional skills may underlie the emotional difficulties that accompany affective disorders, such as anxiety.
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22
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Kim JC, Lee HM. EEG-Based Evidence of Mirror Neuron Activity from App-Mediated Stroke Patient Observation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 57:medicina57090979. [PMID: 34577902 PMCID: PMC8471865 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57090979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The mirror neuron system in the sensorimotor region of the cerebral cortex is equally activated during both action observation and execution. Action observation training mimics the functioning of the mirror neuron system, requiring patients to watch and imitate the actions necessary to perform activities of daily living. StrokeCare is a user-friendly application based on the principles of action observation training, designed to assist people recovering from stroke. Therefore, when observing the daily life behavior provided in the StrokeCare app, whether the MNS is activated and mu inhibition appears. Materials and Methods: We performed electroencephalography (EEG) on 24 patients with chronic stroke (infarction: 11, hemorrhage: 13) during tasks closely related to daily activities, such as dressing, undressing, and walking. The StrokeCare app provided action videos for patients to watch. Landscape imagery observation facilitated comparison among tasks. We analyzed the mu rhythm from the C3, CZ, and C4 regions and calculated the mean log ratios for comparison of mu suppression values. Results: The EEG mu power log ratios were significantly suppressed during action observation in dressing, undressing, walking, and landscape conditions, in decreasing order. However, there were no significant activity differences in the C3, C4 and CZ regions. The dressing task showed maximum suppression after a color spectrum was used to map the relative power values of the mu rhythm for each task. Conclusions: These findings reveal that the human mirror neuron system was more strongly activated during observation of actions closely related to daily life activities than landscape images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Cheol Kim
- Department of Physical Therapy, City Hospital, Seomun-daero 654, Gwangju 61710, Korea;
| | - Hyun-Min Lee
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Science, Honam University, Honamdae-gil 100, Gwangju 62399, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-62-940-5559
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23
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Chen X, Xu Y, Li B, Wu X, Li T, Wang L, Zhang Y, Lin W, Qu C, Feng C. Intranasal vasopressin modulates resting state brain activity across multiple neural systems: Evidence from a brain imaging machine learning study. Neuropharmacology 2021; 190:108561. [PMID: 33852823 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Arginine vasopressin (AVP), a neuropeptide with widespread receptors in brain regions important for socioemotional processing, is critical in regulating various mammalian social behavior and emotion. Although a growing body of task-based brain imaging studies have revealed the effects of AVP on brain activity associated with emotion processing, social cognition and behaviors, the potential modulations of AVP on resting-state brain activity remain largely unknown. Here, the current study addressed this issue by adopting a machine learning approach to distinguish administration of AVP and placebo, employing the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) as a measure of resting-state brain activity. The brain regions contributing to the classification were then subjected to functional connectivity and decoding analyses, allowing for a data-driven quantitative inference on psychophysiological functions. Our results indicated that ALFF across multiple neural systems were sufficient to distinguish between AVP and placebo at individual level, with the contributing regions distributed across the social cognition network, sensorimotor regions and emotional processing network. These findings suggest that the role of AVP in socioemotional functioning recruits multiple brain networks distributed across the whole brain rather than specific localized neural pathways. Beyond these findings, the current data-driven approach also opens a novel avenue to delineate neural underpinnings of various neuropeptides or hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinling Chen
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China; School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China; Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yongbo Xu
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China; School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China; Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Bingjie Li
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
| | - Ting Li
- Institute of Brain Research and Rehabilitation (IBRR) South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Li Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment for Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
| | - Yijie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China; School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China; Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Wanghuan Lin
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China; School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China; Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Chen Qu
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China; School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China; Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Chunliang Feng
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China; School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China; Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.
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24
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Zhang JJ, Fong KNK. The Effects of Priming Intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation on Movement-Related and Mirror Visual Feedback-Induced Sensorimotor Desynchronization. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:626887. [PMID: 33584232 PMCID: PMC7878678 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.626887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential benefits of priming intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) with continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) have not been examined in regard to sensorimotor oscillatory activities recorded in electroencephalography (EEG). The objective of this study was to investigate the modulatory effect of priming iTBS (cTBS followed by iTBS) delivered to the motor cortex on movement-related and mirror visual feedback (MVF)-induced sensorimotor event-related desynchronization (ERD), compared with iTBS alone, on healthy adults. Twenty participants were randomly allocated into Group 1: priming iTBS—cTBS followed by iTBS, and Group 2: non-priming iTBS—sham cTBS followed by iTBS. The stimulation was delivered to the right primary motor cortex daily for 4 consecutive days. EEG was measured before and after 4 sessions of stimulation. Movement-related ERD was evaluated during left-index finger tapping and MVF-induced sensorimotor ERD was evaluated by comparing the difference between right-index finger tapping with and without MVF. After stimulation, both protocols increased movement-related ERD and MVF-induced sensorimotor ERD in high mu and low beta bands, indicated by significant time effects. A significant interaction effect favoring Group 1 in enhancing movement-related ERD was observed in the high mu band [F(1,18) = 4.47, p = 0.049], compared with Group 2. Our experiment suggests that among healthy adults priming iTBS with cTBS delivered to the motor cortex yields similar effects with iTBS alone on enhancing ERD induced by MVF-based observation, while movement-related ERD was more enhanced in the priming iTBS condition, specifically in the high mu band.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Jiaqi Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Kenneth N K Fong
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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25
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Rocha K, Marinho V, Magalhães F, Carvalho V, Fernandes T, Ayres M, Crespo E, Velasques B, Ribeiro P, Cagy M, Bastos VH, Gupta DS, Teixeira S. Unskilled shooters improve both accuracy and grouping shot having as reference skilled shooters cortical area: An EEG and tDCS study. Physiol Behav 2020; 224:113036. [PMID: 32598941 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been used as a non-invasive method for enhanced motor and cognitive abilities. However, no previous study has investigated if the tDCS application in unskilled shooters on cortical sites, selected based on the cortical activity of skilled shooters, improves the accuracy and shot grouping. Sixty participants were selected, which included 10 skilled shooters and 50 unskilled shooters. After we identified the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) as the area with the highest activity in skilled shooters, we applied anodal tDCS over the right DLPFC in the unskilled shooters under two conditions: sham-tDCS (placebo) and real-tDCS (anodal tDCS). We also analyzed electroencephalography. Our results indicated that anodal tDCS application enhanced the shot accuracy (p = 0.001). Furthermore, the beta power in the EEG recording was higher in the left DLPFC, left and right parietal cortex (p = 0,001) after applying anodal tDCS, while the low-gamma power was higher in the right DLPFC in sham-tDCS (p = 0.001) and right parietal cortex after anodal-tDCS (p = 0.001). Our findings indicate that anodal tDCS can improve accuracy and shot grouping when applied over the unskilled shooters' right DLPFC. Furthermore, beta and low-gamma bands are influenced by anodal tDCS over the right DLPFC, which may be predictive of skill improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaline Rocha
- Neuro-innovation Technology & Brain Mapping Laboratory, Federal University of Delta of Parnaíba, Parnaíba, Brazil; The Northeast Biotechnology Network, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil.
| | - Victor Marinho
- Neuro-innovation Technology & Brain Mapping Laboratory, Federal University of Delta of Parnaíba, Parnaíba, Brazil; The Northeast Biotechnology Network, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Francisco Magalhães
- Neuro-innovation Technology & Brain Mapping Laboratory, Federal University of Delta of Parnaíba, Parnaíba, Brazil; The Northeast Biotechnology Network, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Valécia Carvalho
- Neuro-innovation Technology & Brain Mapping Laboratory, Federal University of Delta of Parnaíba, Parnaíba, Brazil; The Northeast Biotechnology Network, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Thayaná Fernandes
- Neuro-innovation Technology & Brain Mapping Laboratory, Federal University of Delta of Parnaíba, Parnaíba, Brazil
| | - Marcos Ayres
- Neuro-innovation Technology & Brain Mapping Laboratory, Federal University of Delta of Parnaíba, Parnaíba, Brazil; The Northeast Biotechnology Network, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Eric Crespo
- Neuro-innovation Technology & Brain Mapping Laboratory, Federal University of Delta of Parnaíba, Parnaíba, Brazil
| | - Bruna Velasques
- Brain Mapping and Sensory Motor Integration Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Pedro Ribeiro
- Brain Mapping and Sensory Motor Integration Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry of Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Cagy
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Victor Hugo Bastos
- The Northeast Biotechnology Network, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil; Brain Mapping and Functionality Laboratory, Federal University of Delta do Parnaíba, Parnaíba, Brazil
| | - Daya S Gupta
- Department of Biology, Camden County College, Blackwood, NJ, United States
| | - Silmar Teixeira
- Neuro-innovation Technology & Brain Mapping Laboratory, Federal University of Delta of Parnaíba, Parnaíba, Brazil; The Northeast Biotechnology Network, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
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26
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Vocal-motor interference eliminates the memory advantage for vocal melodies. Brain Cogn 2020; 145:105622. [PMID: 32949847 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2020.105622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Spontaneous motor cortical activity during passive perception of action has been interpreted as a sensorimotor simulation of the observed action. There is currently interest in how sensorimotor simulation can support higher-up cognitive functions, such as memory, but this is relatively unexplored in the auditory domain. In the present study, we examined whether the established memory advantage for vocal melodies over non-vocal melodies is attributable to stronger sensorimotor simulation during perception of vocal relative to non-vocal action. Participants listened to 24 unfamiliar folk melodies presented in vocal or piano timbres. These were encoded during three interference conditions: whispering (vocal-motor interference), tapping (non-vocal motor interference), and no-interference. Afterwards, participants heard the original 24 melodies presented among 24 foils and judged whether melodies were old or new. A vocal-memory advantage was found in the no-interference and tapping conditions; however, the advantage was eliminated in the whispering condition. This suggests that sensorimotor simulationduring the perception of vocal melodies is responsible for the observed vocal-memory advantage.
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27
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Is the Putative Mirror Neuron System Associated with Empathy? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Neuropsychol Rev 2020; 31:14-57. [PMID: 32876854 DOI: 10.1007/s11065-020-09452-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Theoretical perspectives suggest that the mirror neuron system (MNS) is an important neurobiological contributor to empathy, yet empirical support is mixed. Here, we adopt a summary model for empathy, consisting of motor, emotional, and cognitive components of empathy. This review provides an overview of existing empirical studies investigating the relationship between putative MNS activity and empathy in healthy populations. 52 studies were identified that investigated the association between the MNS and at least one domain of empathy, representing data from 1044 participants. Our results suggest that emotional and cognitive empathy are moderately correlated with MNS activity, however, these domains were mixed and varied across techniques used to acquire MNS activity (TMS, EEG, and fMRI). Few studies investigated motor empathy, and of those, no significant relationships were revealed. Overall, results provide preliminary evidence for a relationship between MNS activity and empathy. However, our findings highlight methodological variability in study design as an important factor in understanding this relationship. We discuss limitations regarding these methodological variations and important implications for clinical and community translations, as well as suggestions for future research.
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28
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Validation of Chronic Restraint Stress Model in Young Adult Rats for the Study of Depression Using Longitudinal Multimodal MR Imaging. eNeuro 2020; 7:ENEURO.0113-20.2020. [PMID: 32669346 PMCID: PMC7396811 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0113-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Prior research suggests that the neurobiological underpinnings of depression include aberrant brain functional connectivity, neurometabolite levels, and hippocampal volume. Chronic restraint stress (CRS) depression model in rats has been shown to elicit behavioral, gene expression, protein, functional connectivity, and hippocampal volume changes similar to those in human depression. However, no study to date has examined the association between behavioral changes and brain changes within the same animals. This study specifically addressed the correlation between the outcomes of behavioral tests and multiple 9.4 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) modalities in the CRS model using data collected longitudinally in the same animals. CRS involved placing young adult male Sprague Dawley rats in individual transparent tubes for 2.5 h daily over 13 d. Elevated plus maze (EPM) and forced swim tests (FSTs) confirmed the presence of anxiety-like and depression-like behaviors, respectively, postrestraint. Resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) data revealed hypoconnectivity within the salience and interoceptive networks and hyperconnectivity of several brain regions to the cingulate cortex. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy revealed decreased sensorimotor cortical glutamate (Glu), glutamine (Gln), and combined Glu-Gln (Glx) levels. Volumetric analysis of T2-weighted images revealed decreased hippocampal volume. Importantly, these changes parallel those found in human depression, suggesting that the CRS rodent model has utility for translational studies and novel intervention development for depression.
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29
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Gerson SA, Meyer M. Young Children's Memories for Social Actions: Influences of Age, Theory of Mind, and Motor Complexity. Child Dev 2020; 92:142-156. [PMID: 32706920 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.13387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Children learn actions performed by a social partner better when they misremember these actions as their own. Identifying the factors that alter the propensity to make appropriation errors is critical for optimizing social learning. In two experiments (N = 110), we investigate the developmental trajectory of appropriation errors and examine social-cognitive and motor-related factors in 3- to 8-year-olds. Children with better theory of mind (ToM) skills made fewer appropriation errors for motorically complex actions. Appropriation errors did not differ as a function of ToM if children could perform the corresponding actions. A second experiment replicated this effect and found no influence of collaborative context on appropriation errors. This research sheds light on the complex relations among development, social-cognition, and motor-related factors.
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30
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Salari E, Freudenburg ZV, Vansteensel MJ, Ramsey NF. Classification of Facial Expressions for Intended Display of Emotions Using Brain-Computer Interfaces. Ann Neurol 2020; 88:631-636. [PMID: 32548859 PMCID: PMC7496460 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Facial expressions are important for intentional display of emotions in social interaction. For people with severe paralysis, the ability to display emotions intentionally can be impaired. Current brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) allow for linguistic communication but are cumbersome for expressing emotions. Here, we investigated the feasibility of a BCI to display emotions by decoding facial expressions. We used electrocorticographic recordings from the sensorimotor cortex of people with refractory epilepsy and classified five facial expressions, based on neural activity. The mean classification accuracy was 72%. This approach could be a promising avenue for development of BCI-based solutions for fast communication of emotions. ANN NEUROL 2020;88:631-636.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efraïm Salari
- UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Zachary V Freudenburg
- UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mariska J Vansteensel
- UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nick F Ramsey
- UMC Utrecht Brain Center, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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31
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Li Z, Yang M, Lin Y, Liang S, Liu W, Chen B, Huang S, Li J, Tao J, Chen L. Electroacupuncture promotes motor function and functional connectivity in rats with ischemic stroke: an animal resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Acupunct Med 2020; 39:146-155. [PMID: 32576025 DOI: 10.1177/0964528420920297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate whether electroacupuncture (EA) treatment at LI11 and ST36 could reduce motor impairments and enhance brain functional recovery in a rat model of ischemic stroke. METHODS A rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was established. EA at LI11 and ST36 was started at 24 h (MCAO + EA group) after ischemic stroke modeling. Untreated model (MCAO) and sham-operated (Sham) groups were included as controls. The neurological deficits of all groups were assessed using modified neurologic severity scores (mNSS) at 24 h and 14 days after MCAO. To further investigate the effect of EA on infarct volume and brain function, functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to estimate the size of the brain lesions and neural activities of each group at 14 days after ischemic stroke. RESULTS EA treatment of MCAO rats led to a significant reduction in the infarct volumes accompanied by functional recovery, reflected in improved mNSS outcomes and motor functional performances. Furthermore, functional connectivity between the left motor cortex and left cerebellum posterior lobe, right motor cortex, left striatum and bilateral sensory cortex were decreased in MCAO group but increased after EA treatment. CONCLUSION EA at LI11 and ST36 could enhance the functional connectivity between the left motor cortex and the motor function-related brain regions, including the motor cortex, sensory cortex and striatum, in rats. EA exhibits potential as a treatment for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuanfang Li
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fuzhou, China.,Rehabilitation Medical Technology Joint National Local Engineering Research Center, Fuzhou, China
| | - Minguang Yang
- Rehabilitation Medical Technology Joint National Local Engineering Research Center, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Rehabilitation Technology, Fuzhou, China.,TCM Rehabilitation Research Center of SATCM, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yunjiao Lin
- TCM Rehabilitation Research Center of SATCM, Fuzhou, China.,Xiamen Humanity Rehabilitation Hospital, Xiamen, China
| | - Shengxiang Liang
- Rehabilitation Medical Technology Joint National Local Engineering Research Center, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Rehabilitation Technology, Fuzhou, China.,TCM Rehabilitation Research Center of SATCM, Fuzhou, China
| | - Weilin Liu
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Sheng Huang
- Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Rehabilitation Technology, Fuzhou, China.,TCM Rehabilitation Research Center of SATCM, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianhong Li
- Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Rehabilitation Technology, Fuzhou, China.,TCM Rehabilitation Research Center of SATCM, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jing Tao
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lidian Chen
- College of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
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32
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Zhang K, Rigo P, Su X, Wang M, Chen Z, Esposito G, Putnick DL, Bornstein MH, Du X. Brain Responses to Emotional Infant Faces in New Mothers and Nulliparous Women. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9560. [PMID: 32533113 PMCID: PMC7293211 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66511-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The experience of motherhood is one of the most salient events in a woman’s life. Motherhood is associated with a series of neurophysiological, psychological, and behavioral changes that allow women to better adapt to their new role as mothers. Infants communicate their needs and physiological states mainly through salient emotional expressions, and maternal responses to infant signals are critical for infant survival and development. In this study, we investigated the whole brain functional response to emotional infant faces in 20 new mothers and 22 nulliparous women during functional magnetic resonance imaging scans. New mothers showed higher brain activation in regions involved in infant facial expression processing and empathic and mentalizing networks than nulliparous women. Furthermore, magnitudes of the activation of the left parahippocampal gyrus and the left fusiform gyrus, recruited during facial expression processing, were positively correlated with empathic concern (EC) scores in new mothers when viewing emotional (happy-sad) faces contrasted to neutral faces. Taken together, these results indicate that the experience of being a mother affects human brain responses in visual and social cognitive brain areas and in brain areas associated with theory-of-mind related and empathic processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaihua Zhang
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361000, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Department of Physics, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Paola Rigo
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialisation, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Xueyun Su
- Department of Special Education, Faculty of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Mengxing Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Department of Physics, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361000, China
| | - Gianluca Esposito
- Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Trento, Italy.,Psychology Programme, School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang, Singapore
| | - Diane L Putnick
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marc H Bornstein
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xiaoxia Du
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Department of Physics, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China.
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33
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Krol MA, Schutter DJLG, Jellema T. Sensorimotor cortex activation during anticipation of upcoming predictable but not unpredictable actions. Soc Neurosci 2019; 15:214-226. [PMID: 31587597 DOI: 10.1080/17470919.2019.1674688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The mirror neuron system (MNS) becomes active during action execution and action observation, which is presumably reflected by reductions in mu (8-13 Hz) activity in the electroencephalogram over the sensorimotor cortex. The function of the MNS is still fiercely debated. The current study aimed to investigate a role of the MNS in anticipating others' actions by examining whether the MNS was activated - indexed by mu power suppression - prior to the onset of observed actions when the onset and type of action could be predicted on the basis of environmental cues. Young adults performed and observed cued grasping and placing actions in a card game in a real-life setting, while the predictability of the observed actions was manipulated using rules. Significant mu suppression, relative to within-trial baseline activity, was found both prior to and during executed actions, but also during action observation, and, crucially, prior to observed actions provided they were predictable. No anticipatory mu reductions were found prior to unpredictable observed actions. These results suggest top-down modulation of MNS activity by conceptual knowledge. This is the first study to demonstrate mu suppression prior to action onset - possibly reflecting MNS anticipatory activity - by explicitly manipulating predictability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon A Krol
- Department of Psychology, University of Hull, Hull, UK.,Center for Autism Research Excellence, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
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Arıkan KB, Zadeh HGM, Turgut AE, Zinnuroğlu M, Bayer G, Günendi Z, Cengiz B. Anticipatory effect of execution on observation: an approach using ExoPinch finger robot. Turk J Med Sci 2019; 49:1054-1067. [PMID: 31293146 PMCID: PMC7018293 DOI: 10.3906/sag-1812-143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/aim This study aims to explore the mirror neuron system (MNS) involvement using mu (8–12 Hz)/beta (15–25 Hz) band suppression in an action observation-execution paradigm. Materials and methods Electrophysiological (EEG) data from 16 electrodes were recorded while 8 participants observed video clips of a hand squeezing a spring. Specifically, the effect of anticipated execution on observation was studied. For this purpose, a fully actuated finger exoskeleton robot was utilized to synchronize observation and execution and to control the execution condition for the partici-pants. Anticipatory effect was created with a randomized robot accompany session. Results The results showed that the observational condition (with or without anticipation) interacted with hemisphere at central chan-nels near somatosensory cortex. Additionally, we explored the response of MNS on the kinetics features of visual stimuli (hard or soft spring). Conclusion he results showed an interaction effect of kinetics features and hemisphere at frontal channels corresponding nearly to the ventral premotor cortex area of the brain. The activation of mirror neurons in this area plays a crucial role in observational learning. Based on our results, we propose that specific type of visual stimuli can be combined with the functional abilities of the MNS in the ac-tion observation based treatment of hand motor dysfunction of stroke patients to have a positive additional impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kutluk Bilge Arıkan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, TED University, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Ali Emre Turgut
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Murat Zinnuroğlu
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gözde Bayer
- Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Atılım University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zafer Günendi
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bülent Cengiz
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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Perry A, Stiso J, Chang EF, Lin JJ, Parvizi J, Knight RT. Mirroring in the Human Brain: Deciphering the Spatial-Temporal Patterns of the Human Mirror Neuron System. Cereb Cortex 2019; 28:1039-1048. [PMID: 28137724 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhx013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Embodied theories of cognition emphasize the central role of sensorimotor transformations in the representation of others' actions. Support for these theories is derived from the discovery of the mirror neuron system (MNS) in primates, from noninvasive techniques in humans, and from a limited number of intracranial studies. To understand the neural dynamics of the human MNS, more studies with precise spatial and temporal resolutions are essential. We used electrocorticography to define activation patterns in sensorimotor, parietal and/or frontal neuronal populations, during a viewing and grasping task. Our results show robust high gamma activation for both conditions in classic MNS sites. Furthermore, we provide novel evidence for 2 different populations of neurons: sites that were only active for viewing and grasping ("pure mirroring") and sites that were also active between viewing and grasping, and perhaps serve a more general attentional role. Lastly, a subgroup of parietal electrodes showed earlier peaks than all other regions. These results highlight the complexity of spatial-temporal patterns within the MNS and provide a critical link between single-unit research in monkeys and noninvasive techniques in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anat Perry
- The Psychology Department, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jennifer Stiso
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of Californiaat Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Edward F Chang
- Department of Neurological Surgery and Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jack J Lin
- Comprehensive Epilepsy Program, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92868, USA
| | - Josef Parvizi
- Stanford Human Intracranial Cognitive Electrophysiology Program (SHICEP) and the Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Robert T Knight
- The Psychology Department, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,Department of Neurological Surgery and Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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Herold CJ, Duval CZ, Lässer MM, Schröder J. Neurological soft signs (NSS) and cognitive impairment in chronic schizophrenia. SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH-COGNITION 2018; 16:17-24. [PMID: 30671351 PMCID: PMC6305804 DOI: 10.1016/j.scog.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies indicate that neurological soft signs (NSS) in schizophrenia are associated with generalized cognitive impairments rather than changes in specific neuropsychological domains. However, the majority of studies solely included first-episode patients or patients with a remitting course and did not consider age, course, education or severity of global cognitive deficits as potential confounding variables. Therefore, we examined NSS with respect to cognitive deficits in chronic schizophrenia, i.e. patients who are particularly vulnerable to both, NSS and cognitive impairments. Eighty patients with chronic schizophrenia (43.36 ± 15a) and 60 healthy controls (47.52 ± 14.8a) matched for age, sex and years of education were examined on the Heidelberg NSS scale and a broad neuropsychological battery including short term, working, logical and autobiographic memory (AM), theory of mind (ToM), psychomotor speed and cognitive flexibility. When contrasted with the controls, patients showed significantly higher NSS scores and impairments in all neuropsychological domains but short-term memory. NSS were significantly associated with all neuropsychological domains considered but short-term memory and semantic AM. Except for episodic AM (which was significantly correlated with NSS in patients only) these correlations applied to both groups and were confirmed when age, years of education and severity of global cognitive deficits (Mini Mental State Examination) were controlled for. Results demonstrate that NSS reflect a rather wide range of cognitive impairments in schizophrenia, which also involves episodic AM and ToM. These associations were not accounted for by age, education or severity of global cognitive deficits and facilitate the clinical usage of NSS as a screening instrument.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina J Herold
- Section of Geriatric Psychiatry, Department of General Psychiatry, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Céline Z Duval
- Section of Geriatric Psychiatry, Department of General Psychiatry, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marc M Lässer
- Section of Geriatric Psychiatry, Department of General Psychiatry, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Schröder
- Section of Geriatric Psychiatry, Department of General Psychiatry, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Paracampo R, Montemurro M, de Vega M, Avenanti A. Primary motor cortex crucial for action prediction: A tDCS study. Cortex 2018; 109:287-302. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2018.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Motor system recruitment during action observation: No correlation between mu-rhythm desynchronization and corticospinal excitability. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207476. [PMID: 30440042 PMCID: PMC6237396 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Observing others’ actions desynchronizes electroencephalographic (EEG) rhythms and modulates corticospinal excitability as assessed by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). However, it remains unclear if these measures reflect similar neurofunctional mechanisms at the individual level. In the present study, a within-subject experiment was designed to assess these two neurophysiological indexes and to quantify their mutual correlation. Participants observed reach-to-grasp actions directed towards a small (precision grip) or a large object (power grip). We focused on two specific time points for both EEG and TMS. The first time point (t1) coincided with the maximum hand aperture, i.e. the moment at which a significant modulation of corticospinal excitability is expected. The second (t2), coincided with the EEG resynchronization occurring at the end of the action, i.e. the moment at which a hypothetic minimum for action observation effect is expected. Results showed a Mu rhythm bilateral desynchronization at t1 with differential resynchronization at t2 in the two hemispheres. Beta rhythm was more desynchronized in the left hemisphere at both time points. These EEG differences, however, were not influenced by grip type. Conversely, motor potentials evoked by TMS in an intrinsic hand muscle revealed an interaction effect of grip and time. No significant correlations between Mu/Beta rhythms and motor evoked potentials were found. These findings are discussed considering the spatial and temporal resolution of the two investigated techniques and argue over two alternative explanations: i. each technique provides different measures of the same process or ii. they describe complementary features of the action observation network in humans.
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Kazemi R, Rostami R, Khomami S, Baghdadi G, Rezaei M, Hata M, Aoki Y, Ishii R, Iwase M, Fitzgerald PB. Bilateral Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on DLPFC Changes Resting State Networks and Cognitive Function in Patients With Bipolar Depression. Front Hum Neurosci 2018; 12:356. [PMID: 30233346 PMCID: PMC6135217 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Bipolar patients have abnormalities in cognitive functions and emotional processing. Two resting state networks (RSNs), the default mode network (DMN) and the sensorimotor network (SMN), play a decisive role in these two functions. Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is one of the main areas in the central executive network (CEN), which is linked to the activities of each of the two networks. Studies have found DLPFC abnormalities in both hemispheres of patients with bipolar depression. We hypothesized that the bilateral repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of DLPFC would produce changes in the activity of both the SMN and DMN as well as relevant cognitive function in patients with bipolar depression that responded to treatment. Methods: 20 patients with bipolar depression underwent 10 sessions of 1 Hz rTMS on right DLPFC with subsequent 10 Hz rTMS on left DLPFC. Changes in electroencephalography resting networks between pre and post rTMS were evaluated utilizing low-resolution electromagnetic tomography (eLORETA). Depression symptom was assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) and cognitive function was assessed by Verbal Fluency Test (VFT), Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), Stroop Test, and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). Results: Responders to rTMS showed significantly lower DMN activity at baseline and a significant decrease in SMN connectivity after treatment. Non-responders did not significantly differ from the control group at the baseline and they showed higher activity in the SMN, visual network, and visual perception network compared to control group following treatment. Bilateral rTMS resulted in significant changes in the executive functions, verbal memory, and depression symptoms. No significant changes were observed in selective attention and verbal fluency. Conclusion: Bilateral stimulation of DLPFC, as the main node of CEN, results in changes in the activity of the SMN and consequently improves verbal memory and executive functions in patients with bipolar depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Kazemi
- Cognitive Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.,Atieh Clinical Neuroscience Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Rostami
- Department of Psychology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sanaz Khomami
- Cognitive Lab, Department of Psychology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Golnaz Baghdadi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Rezaei
- Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masahiro Hata
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasunori Aoki
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryouhei Ishii
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masao Iwase
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Paul B Fitzgerald
- Epworth Healthcare, Epworth Clinic Camberwell, Victoria Australia and Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Dozolme D, Prigent E, Yang YF, Amorim MA. The neuroelectric dynamics of the emotional anticipation of other people's pain. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200535. [PMID: 30067781 PMCID: PMC6070195 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
When we observe a dynamic emotional facial expression, we usually automatically anticipate how that expression will develop. Our objective was to study a neurocognitive biomarker of this anticipatory process for facial pain expressions, operationalized as a mismatch effect. For this purpose, we studied the behavioral and neuroelectric (Event-Related Potential, ERP) correlates, of a match or mismatch, between the intensity of an expression of pain anticipated by the participant, and the intensity of a static test expression of pain displayed with the use of a representational momentum paradigm. Here, the paradigm consisted in displaying a dynamic facial pain expression which suddenly disappeared, and participants had to memorize the final intensity of the dynamic expression. We compared ERPs in response to congruent (intensity the same as the one memorized) and incongruent (intensity different from the one memorized) static expression intensities displayed after the dynamic expression. This paradigm allowed us to determine the amplitude and direction of this intensity anticipation by measuring the observer's memory bias. Results behaviorally showed that the anticipation was backward (negative memory bias) for high intensity expressions of pain (participants expected a return to a neutral state) and more forward (memory bias less negative, or even positive) for less intense expressions (participants expected increased intensity). Detecting mismatch (incongruent intensity) led to faster responses than detecting match (congruent intensity). The neuroelectric correlates of this mismatch effect in response to the testing of expression intensity ranged from P100 to LPP (Late Positive Potential). Path analysis and source localization suggested that the medial frontal gyrus was instrumental in mediating the mismatch effect through top-down influence on both the occipital and temporal regions. Moreover, having the facility to detect incongruent expressions, by anticipating emotional state, could be useful for prosocial behavior and the detection of trustworthiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorian Dozolme
- CIAMS, Univ. Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, France
- CIAMS, Université d’Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Elise Prigent
- LIMSI, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Yu-Fang Yang
- CIAMS, Univ. Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, France
- CIAMS, Université d’Orléans, Orléans, France
| | - Michel-Ange Amorim
- CIAMS, Univ. Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, France
- CIAMS, Université d’Orléans, Orléans, France
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Investigating the Role of Alpha and Beta Rhythms in Functional Motor Networks. Neuroscience 2018; 378:54-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Zhang JJQ, Fong KNK, Welage N, Liu KPY. The Activation of the Mirror Neuron System during Action Observation and Action Execution with Mirror Visual Feedback in Stroke: A Systematic Review. Neural Plast 2018; 2018:2321045. [PMID: 29853839 PMCID: PMC5941778 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2321045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the concurrent and training effects of action observation (AO) and action execution with mirror visual feedback (MVF) on the activation of the mirror neuron system (MNS) and its relationship with the activation of the motor cortex in stroke individuals. Methods A literature search using CINAHL, PubMed, PsycINFO, Medline, Web of Science, and SCOPUS to find relevant studies was performed. Results A total of 19 articles were included. Two functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies reported that MVF could activate the ipsilesional primary motor cortex as well as the MNS in stroke individuals, whereas two other fMRI studies found that the MNS was not activated by MVF in stroke individuals. Two clinical trials reported that long-term action execution with MVF induced a shift of activation toward the ipsilesional hemisphere. Five fMRI studies showed that AO activated the MNS, of which, three found the activation of movement-related areas. Five electroencephalography (EEG) studies demonstrated that AO or MVF enhanced mu suppression over the sensorimotor cortex. Conclusions MVF may contribute to stroke recovery by revising the interhemispheric imbalance caused by stroke due to the activation of the MNS. AO may also promote motor relearning in stroke individuals by activating the MNS and motor cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack J. Q. Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Kenneth N. K. Fong
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Nandana Welage
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Karen P. Y. Liu
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
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Jeon H, Lee SH. From Neurons to Social Beings: Short Review of the Mirror Neuron System Research and Its Socio-Psychological and Psychiatric Implications. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE 2018; 16:18-31. [PMID: 29397663 PMCID: PMC5810456 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2018.16.1.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The mirror neuron system (MNS) is a brain network activated when we move our body parts and when we observe the actions of other agent. Since the mirror neuron’s discovery in research on monkeys, several studies have examined its network and properties in both animals and humans. This review discusses MNS studies of animals and human MNS studies related to high-order social cognitions such as emotion and empathy, as well as relations between MNS dysfunction and mental disorders. Finally, these evidences are understood from an evolutionary perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonjin Jeon
- Clinical Emotion and Cognition Research Laboratory, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Lee
- Clinical Emotion and Cognition Research Laboratory, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea
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Arnett K, Roach A, Elzy M, Jelsone-Swain L. Childhood emotional invalidation and right hemispheric mu suppression during a pain empathy task: An EEG study. Soc Neurosci 2018; 14:236-250. [PMID: 29451071 DOI: 10.1080/17470919.2018.1441905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Empathy is a critical aspect of social behavior, and impairment in empathic processing is linked to hindered social interactions and several disorders. Despite much interest in this topic, our understanding of the developmental and neural involvement for empathic processing is limited. Recent evidence suggests the Mirror Neuron System (MNS) may play a role in this behavior, and that mu rhythm suppression found over the sensorimotor cortices may be a proxy for the MNS. Therefore, we aimed to measure mu rhythm oscillations in response to empathic processing during observation of painful action-based situations using electroencephalogram (EEG). Our second goal was to examine how perceived parental emotional invalidation (EI) during childhood may relate to empathy and influence mu suppression. Our results showed that mu rhythm suppression was strongest over the right hemisphere. EI had a significant influence on this suppression between painful and non-painful images, and was negatively correlated with behavioral measures of empathy. Our findings suggest that perceived childhood EI may decrease empathizing abilities and influence neural responses to the painful experiences of others. Implications from this study could entail clinical intervention targeted at emotional invalidation to foster the healthy development of empathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Arnett
- a Department of Psychology , University of South Carolina Aiken , Aiken , SC , USA
| | - Alexandra Roach
- a Department of Psychology , University of South Carolina Aiken , Aiken , SC , USA
| | - Meredith Elzy
- a Department of Psychology , University of South Carolina Aiken , Aiken , SC , USA
| | - Laura Jelsone-Swain
- a Department of Psychology , University of South Carolina Aiken , Aiken , SC , USA
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Time-Frequency Analysis of Mu Rhythm Activity during Picture and Video Action Naming Tasks. Brain Sci 2017; 7:brainsci7090114. [PMID: 28878193 PMCID: PMC5615255 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci7090114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study used whole-head 64 channel electroencephalography to measure changes in sensorimotor activity—as indexed by the mu rhythm—in neurologically-healthy adults, during subvocal confrontation naming tasks. Independent component analyses revealed sensorimotor mu component clusters in the right and left hemispheres. Event related spectral perturbation analyses indicated significantly stronger patterns of mu rhythm activity (pFDR < 0.05) during the video condition as compared to the picture condition, specifically in the left hemisphere. Mu activity is hypothesized to reflect typical patterns of sensorimotor activation during action verb naming tasks. These results support further investigation into sensorimotor cortical activity during action verb naming in clinical populations.
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Kraaijenvanger EJ, Hofman D, Bos PA. A neuroendocrine account of facial mimicry and its dynamic modulation. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 77:98-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Yang Y, Dickey MW, Fiez J, Murphy B, Mitchell T, Collinger J, Tyler-Kabara E, Boninger M, Wang W. Sensorimotor experience and verb-category mapping in human sensory, motor and parietal neurons. Cortex 2017; 92:304-319. [PMID: 28575757 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2017.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Semantic grounding is the process of relating meaning to symbols (e.g., words). It is the foundation for creating a representational symbolic system such as language. Semantic grounding for verb meaning is hypothesized to be achieved through two mechanisms: sensorimotor mapping, i.e., directly encoding the sensorimotor experiences the verb describes, and verb-category mapping, i.e., encoding the abstract category a verb belongs to. These two mechanisms were investigated by examining neuronal-level spike (i.e. neuronal action potential) activities from the motor, somatosensory and parietal areas in two human participants. Motor and a portion of somatosensory neurons were found to be involved in primarily sensorimotor mapping, while parietal and some somatosensory neurons were found to be involved in both sensorimotor and verb-category mapping. The time course of the spike activities and the selective tuning pattern of these neurons indicate that they belong to a large neural network used for semantic processing. This study is the first step towards understanding how words are processed by neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; School of Electronics, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Queen's University, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Walsh Dickey
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, V.A. Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Communication Science and Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Julie Fiez
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Brian Murphy
- School of Electronics, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Queen's University, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Mitchell
- Machine Learning Department, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer Collinger
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Human Engineering Research Laboratories, Department of Veterans Affairs, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Tyler-Kabara
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michael Boninger
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Human Engineering Research Laboratories, Department of Veterans Affairs, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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Perry A, Saunders SN, Stiso J, Dewar C, Lubell J, Meling TR, Solbakk AK, Endestad T, Knight RT. Effects of prefrontal cortex damage on emotion understanding: EEG and behavioural evidence. Brain 2017; 140:1086-1099. [PMID: 28334943 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awx031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Humans are highly social beings that interact with each other on a daily basis. In these complex interactions, we get along by being able to identify others' actions and infer their intentions, thoughts and feelings. One of the major theories accounting for this critical ability assumes that the understanding of social signals is based on a primordial tendency to simulate observed actions by activating a mirror neuron system. If mirror neuron regions are important for action and emotion recognition, damage to regions in this network should lead to deficits in these domains. In the current behavioural and EEG study, we focused on the lateral prefrontal cortex including dorsal and ventral prefrontal cortex and utilized a series of task paradigms, each measuring a different aspect of recognizing others' actions or emotions from body cues. We examined 17 patients with lesions including (n = 8) or not including (n = 9) the inferior frontal gyrus, a core mirror neuron system region, and compared their performance to matched healthy control subjects (n = 18), in behavioural tasks and in an EEG observation-execution task measuring mu suppression. Our results provide support for the role of the lateral prefrontal cortex in understanding others' emotions, by showing that even unilateral lesions result in deficits in both accuracy and reaction time in tasks involving the recognition of others' emotions. In tasks involving the recognition of actions, patients showed a general increase in reaction time, but not a reduction in accuracy. Deficits in emotion recognition can be seen by either direct damage to the inferior frontal gyrus, or via damage to dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex regions, resulting in deteriorated performance and less EEG mu suppression over sensorimotor cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anat Perry
- University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | | | | | - Callum Dewar
- University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | | | - Torstein R Meling
- University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Norway
| | - Anne-Kristin Solbakk
- University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Norway.,Helgeland Hospital, Mosjøen, Norway
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Endedijk HM, Meyer M, Bekkering H, Cillessen AHN, Hunnius S. Neural mirroring and social interaction: Motor system involvement during action observation relates to early peer cooperation. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2017; 24:33-41. [PMID: 28119184 PMCID: PMC6987761 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Whether we hand over objects to someone, play a team sport, or make music together, social interaction often involves interpersonal action coordination, both during instances of cooperation and entrainment. Neural mirroring is thought to play a crucial role in processing other's actions and is therefore considered important for social interaction. Still, to date, it is unknown whether interindividual differences in neural mirroring play a role in interpersonal coordination during different instances of social interaction. A relation between neural mirroring and interpersonal coordination has particularly relevant implications for early childhood, since successful early interaction with peers is predictive of a more favorable social development. We examined the relation between neural mirroring and children's interpersonal coordination during peer interaction using EEG and longitudinal behavioral data. Results showed that 4-year-old children with higher levels of motor system involvement during action observation (as indicated by lower beta-power) were more successful in early peer cooperation. This is the first evidence for a relation between motor system involvement during action observation and interpersonal coordination during other instances of social interaction. The findings suggest that interindividual differences in neural mirroring are related to interpersonal coordination and thus successful social interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Endedijk
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - M Meyer
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - H Bekkering
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - A H N Cillessen
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - S Hunnius
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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50
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Wang M, Zhang J, Dong G, Zhang H, Lu H, Du X. Development of rostral inferior parietal lobule area functional connectivity from late childhood to early adulthood. Int J Dev Neurosci 2017; 59:31-36. [PMID: 28285946 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the mirror neuron system (MNS) has been extensively studied in monkeys and adult humans, very little is known about its development. Previous studies suggest that the MNS is present by infancy and that the brain and MNS-related cognitive abilities (such as language, empathy, and imitation learning) continue to develop after childhood. In humans, the PFt area of the inferior parietal lobule (IPL) seems to particularly correlate with the functional properties of the PF area in primates, which contains mirror neurons. However, little is known about the functional connectivity (FC) of the PFt area with other brain areas and whether these networks change over time. Here, we investigated the FC development of the PFt area-based network in 59 healthy subjects aged 7-26 years at resting-state to study brain development from late childhood through adolescence to early adulthood. The bilateral PFt showed similar core FC networks, which included the frontal lobe, the cingulate gyri, the insula, the somatosensory cortex, the precuneus, the superior and inferior parietal lobules, the temporal lobe, and the cerebellum posterior lobes. Furthermore, the FC between the left PFt and the left IPL exhibited a significantly positive correlation with age, and the FC between the left PFt and the right postcentral gyrus exhibited a significantly negative correlation with age. In addition, the FC between the right PFt and the right putamen exhibited a significantly negative correlation with age. Our findings suggest that the PFt area-based network develops and is reorganized with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxing Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Department of Physics, School of Physics and Materials Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Jilei Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Department of Physics, School of Physics and Materials Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Guangheng Dong
- Department of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua City, Zhejiang Province 321004, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Department of Physics, School of Physics and Materials Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Haifeng Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Department of Physics, School of Physics and Materials Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Xiaoxia Du
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Department of Physics, School of Physics and Materials Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China.
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