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Mantas-Jiménez S, Reig-García G, Roqueta-Vall-Llosera M, Camara-Liebana D, Masià-Plana A, Lluch-Canut MT, Juvinya-Canal D. Positive mental health and sense of coherence among emergency medical service professionals. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1344872. [PMID: 38444442 PMCID: PMC10912187 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1344872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Positive mental health (PMH) is a construct used to define and evaluate health from a positive perspective. Healthcare professionals in the emergency ambulance service are more likely to experience mental health disorders than the overall population. The demographic and occupational variables and Sense of Coherence (SOC) can act as predictors of PMH and can serve as protective elements against stress and demanding situations in the work environment. Objective This study aimed to evaluate PMH and its relationship with demographic and occupational variables and determine if SOC is a predictive variable for PMH in health professionals working in the emergency ambulance service. Methods A descriptive, cross-sectional, and correlational study was conducted with a sample of 406 healthcare professionals from the emergency ambulance service in eight health regions of Catalonia, Spain. The following variables were analyzed: Age, biological sex, household members, dependents family members, professional category, type of contract, job satisfaction and sense of collaboration with other institutions. The following assessment instruments were used: Positive Mental Health Questionnaire and Sense of Coherence scale. Results High scores were obtained in Positive Mental Health (PMH). Study participants who reported feeling completely satisfied in their work also showed a significant relationship with all PMH factors: greater satisfaction with their personal life, in their helpful prosocial attitude toward others, in their capability to deal effectively with stress and navigate conflict scenarios, in their ability to solve problems and self-realization, greater empathy and ability to understand the feelings of others, greater ability to establish interpersonal relationships. Comprehensibility, as a dimension of SOC, was identified as a predictor for some factors of PMH: a greater personal satisfaction, self-control, autonomy, interpersonal skills and total PMHQ. More than 43% of positive mental health in health professionals is explained by higher Meaningfulness and Comprehensibility values of the SOC, the absence of dependent family members and having a non-graduate background. Conclusion Healthcare workers in the emergency ambulance service had high PMH. Meaningfulness (ME) and Comprehensibility (C), dimensions of SOC, were identified as model predictors of greater PMH, showing higher scores in most of PMH factors. To enhance SOC as a mental health promotion measure, resilience programs should be implemented to help professionals develop skills to face and overcome adverse situations. Educating in stress management thought networks are key elements to strengthen SOC. Managers in emergency medical services play a key role in transforming healthcare work environments to promote positive outcomes in the mental health of their healthcare workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Mantas-Jiménez
- Department of Nursing, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- Research Group Health and Healthcare, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Glòria Reig-García
- Department of Nursing, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- Research Group Health and Healthcare, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Marta Roqueta-Vall-Llosera
- Department of Nursing, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- Health Gender and Aging Research Group, Girona, Spain
| | - David Camara-Liebana
- Department of Nursing, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- Department of Psychology, Quality of Life Research Institute, Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Afra Masià-Plana
- Department of Nursing, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- Research Group Health and Healthcare, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | | | - Dolors Juvinya-Canal
- Department of Nursing, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
- Research Group Health and Healthcare, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
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Alghamdi NA, Dunn K, Cairns D, Melville C. Utilising quantitative methods to study the intersectionality of multiple social disadvantages in women with common mental disorders: a systematic review. Int J Equity Health 2023; 22:264. [PMID: 38110942 PMCID: PMC10729432 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-023-02061-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Women are at greater risk of common mental disorders. The intersectionality concept provides a framework to examine the effects of multiple social disadvantages on women's mental health. We conducted a systematic review to collect and analyse information to identify the quantitative methodologies and study designs used in intersectional research to examine women's mental health and multiple social disadvantages. Included studies used accepted statistical methods to explore the intersectional effects of gender and one or more types of social disadvantage from the PROGRESS-Plus inequity framework: a place of residence, race/ethnicity, occupation, gender/ sex, religion, education, socioeconomic status, social capital (O'Neill et al. J Clin Epidemiol 67:56-64, 2014). The scope of this systematic review was limited to studies that analysed common mental disorders in women and men comparatively. Studies focusing on only one gender were excluded, ensuring a comprehensive comparative analysis of the intersection of social disadvantages in mental health.Twelve papers were included in the narrative synthesis (Table 1). Eight of the included papers (67%) reported an intersectional effect of gender and one or more additional types of social disadvantage. The multiplicative effect of gender and socioeconomic status on the risk of common mental disorders was the most commonly reported interaction. This systematic review shows that multiplicative and simultaneous interactions of multiple social disadvantage increase the risk of common mental disorders experienced by women. Moreover, it underlines the potential for quantitative research methods to complement qualitative intersectionality research on gender and mental health. The findings of this systematic review highlight the importance of multiple social disadvantage in understanding the increased risk of mental health experienced by women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Alhamd Alghamdi
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- School of Health and Wellbeing, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Kirsty Dunn
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- School of Health and Wellbeing, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Deborah Cairns
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- School of Health and Wellbeing, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Craig Melville
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
- School of Health and Wellbeing, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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Niemann L, von Gruner C, Zhang XC, Margraf J, Totzeck C. Positive Emotions Training (PoET) as an online intervention to improve mental health: a feasibility study. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1543. [PMID: 37580658 PMCID: PMC10426081 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16424-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Positive psychology interventions are known to have an impact on mental health as well as on a number of beneficial characteristics like optimism, gratitude and self-efficacy. The Positive Emotions Training (PoET) is one of the first holistic training programs covering eleven positive psychology constructs. The goal of this study was to test PoET's feasibility in the general population and to assess possible effects on positive and negative mental health factors. Additionally, possible effects on optimism, gratitude, happiness, resilience, and self-efficacy were examined. METHODS The sample (n = 101) was not randomized. Participants were allocated to PoET (n = 55) or control group (n = 46) that did not receive treatment initially. The PoET group completed two training sessions (3.5 h each) that were conducted in an online format with groups of about 30 people. All participants completed positive and negative mental health measures at the beginning of the first training session and at the beginning of the second one as well as 30 days after the second session. Two-factorial repeated measures ANOVAs were conducted to test for possible effects of PoET on mental health. RESULTS The results showed that the contents were comprehensible and that the conduction of the training was feasible overall. In addition, a significant decrease of depression and anxiety symptoms as well as a significant increase of optimism were found in the PoET group. No significant changes were found in the control group. CONCLUSIONS Results indicate that PoET is an applicable intervention for improving mental health in the general population. TRIAL REGISTRATION Retrospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov on 21/02/2023 (Identifier/Trial registration number: NCT05737251).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Niemann
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Centre, Ruhr University Bochum, Massenbergstrasse 11, 44797, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Celin von Gruner
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Centre, Ruhr University Bochum, Massenbergstrasse 11, 44797, Bochum, Germany
| | - Xiao Chi Zhang
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Centre, Ruhr University Bochum, Massenbergstrasse 11, 44797, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jürgen Margraf
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Centre, Ruhr University Bochum, Massenbergstrasse 11, 44797, Bochum, Germany
- DZPG (German Center for Mental Health), Bochum/Marburg, Germany
| | - Christina Totzeck
- Mental Health Research and Treatment Centre, Ruhr University Bochum, Massenbergstrasse 11, 44797, Bochum, Germany
- DZPG (German Center for Mental Health), Bochum/Marburg, Germany
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Seow LSE, Chang S, Sambasivam R, Subramaniam M, Lu SH, Assudani H, Tan CYG, Vaingankar JA. Psychotherapists’ perspective of the use of eHealth services to enhance positive mental health promotion. Digit Health 2023. [DOI: 10.1177/20552076221147411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Keyes’s two-continua model of mental health proposes that mental illness and positive mental health are two separate, correlated, unipolar dimensions. eHealth services have been used to deliver mental health care, though the focus remained largely on symptom reduction and management of negative aspects of mental health. The potential of eHealth services to promote positive mental well-being, however, has not been tapped sufficiently. The present study aims to explore psychotherapists’ perspective on the feasibility of eHealth services to enhance positive mental health promotion. Methods Seven focus group discussions were conducted among professionals ( n = 38) who delivered psychotherapy to examine positive mental health in their practice. Responses related to the use of e-psychotherapy to promote mental well-being were extracted for use in a secondary analysis of data in this study. Thematic analysis of data via inductive approach was conducted to allow emergence of common themes. Results Three main themes related to psychotherapists’ perspective on the feasibility of eHealth intervention in enhancing positive mental health were identified: (1) use of eHealth to educate and improve positive mental health; (2) concerns on incorporating psychotherapy into online services; (3) other factors that affect uptake or effectiveness of eHealth intervention for positive mental health. Conclusions The study generally found support among psychotherapists for the feasibility of eHealth intervention in promoting positive mental health among clients. Potential difficulties in implementation and practicality concerns were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sherilyn Chang
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore
| | | | | | | | - Hanita Assudani
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore
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Eugene DR. Connectedness to Family, School, and Neighborhood and Adolescents' Internalizing Symptoms. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:12602. [PMID: 34886328 PMCID: PMC8656744 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In the U.S., there is a strong national interest in social connectedness as a key determinant in promoting positive well-being in adolescents through building strong bonds and creating protective relationships that support adolescent mental health. To this end, this study examined whether, and to what extent, specific types of connectedness to family, school, and neighborhood were associated with internalizing symptoms (i.e., depression and anxiety) among a diverse sample of adolescents from disadvantaged backgrounds. The sample (n = 2590) was majority male (51%), with an average age of 15.6 years, and identified as Black (49%) and Hispanic/Latino (26%). The results revealed that adolescents who reported strong connections to their parent (β = -0.128, p < 0.001), school (β = -0.222, p < 0.001), and neighborhood (β = -0.116, p = 0.003) were more likely to report lower levels of depressive symptomology, with school connectedness exerting a greater influence. In addition, parent connectedness (β = -0.157, p < 0.001) and school connectedness (β = -0.166, p < 0.001) were significantly related to teen anxiety; however, neighborhood connectedness was not (β = -0.123, p = 0.087). The findings have important implications, which are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle R Eugene
- School of Social Work, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
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Devassy SM, Allagh KP, Benny AM, Scaria L, Cheguvera N, Sunirose IP. Resiliency Engagement and Care in Health (REaCH): a telephone befriending intervention for upskilled rural youth in the context of COVID-19 pandemic-study protocol for a multi-centre cluster randomised controlled trial. Trials 2021; 22:500. [PMID: 34321057 PMCID: PMC8318050 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-021-05465-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lockdown associated with the COVID-19 pandemic is likely to impact people's mental health, especially those from economically disadvantaged and vulnerable sections of society. Mental health can be affected by many factors, including fear of disease transmission, from response measures against the pandemic like social distancing, movement restriction, fear of being in quarantine, loneliness, depression due to isolation, fear of losing work and livelihood and avoiding health care due to fear of being infected. Telephonic befriending intervention by non-specialists will be used to provide social and emotional support to the youth from the Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushalya Yojana (DDUGKY), an initiative of the Government of India. This study aims to promote mental wellbeing and reduce depressive symptoms by assisting participants to mobilise social support from family, friends and significant others by using the telephonic befriending intervention. METHODS In this article, we report the design and protocol of a multi-centre cluster randomised controlled trial. In total, 1440 participants aged 18-35 years who have recently completed their course out of the DDU-GKY initiative will be recruited in the study from 12 project-implementing agencies (PIAs) across six geographical zones of India. Participants from 6 of these agencies will be assigned to the telephonic befriending intervention arm, and the other six agency participants will be assigned to the general enquiry phone call arm (control). The primary outcomes of this study are mental wellbeing, depressive symptoms and perceived social support. Baseline assessments and follow-up assessments will be carried out 1 month following the intervention using WHO-5, PHQ and MSPSS-12 questionnaires. The befriending intervention will be provided by DDU-GKY staff, whom a virtual training programme will train. DISCUSSION This trial will help assess whether participants who are offered emotional, social and practical support through befriending will experience lesser symptoms of depression and better mental health compared to participants who do not receive this intervention through mobilised social support from friends, family and others. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical Trial Registry India (ICMR-NIMS) CTRICTRI/2020/07/026834 . Registered on 27 July 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saju Madavanakadu Devassy
- Rajagiri College of Social Sciences (Autonomous), Rajagiri P.O, Kalamassery, Cochin, Kerala 683 104 India
- Rajagiri International Centre for Consortium Research in Social Care (ICRS), Cochin, Kerala India
| | - Komal Preet Allagh
- Rajagiri College of Social Sciences (Autonomous), Rajagiri P.O, Kalamassery, Cochin, Kerala 683 104 India
- Rajagiri International Centre for Consortium Research in Social Care (ICRS), Cochin, Kerala India
| | - Anuja Maria Benny
- Rajagiri College of Social Sciences (Autonomous), Rajagiri P.O, Kalamassery, Cochin, Kerala 683 104 India
- Rajagiri International Centre for Consortium Research in Social Care (ICRS), Cochin, Kerala India
| | - Lorane Scaria
- Rajagiri College of Social Sciences (Autonomous), Rajagiri P.O, Kalamassery, Cochin, Kerala 683 104 India
- Rajagiri International Centre for Consortium Research in Social Care (ICRS), Cochin, Kerala India
| | - Natania Cheguvera
- Rajagiri College of Social Sciences (Autonomous), Rajagiri P.O, Kalamassery, Cochin, Kerala 683 104 India
- Rajagiri International Centre for Consortium Research in Social Care (ICRS), Cochin, Kerala India
| | - I. P. Sunirose
- Rajagiri College of Social Sciences (Autonomous), Rajagiri P.O, Kalamassery, Cochin, Kerala 683 104 India
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Giessing L, Kannen J, Strahler J, Frenkel MO. Direct and Stress-Buffering Effects of COVID-19-Related Changes in Exercise Activity on the Well-Being of German Sport Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:7117. [PMID: 34281054 PMCID: PMC8297212 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18137117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Maintaining or initiating exercise activity in the COVID-19 pandemic may act as a buffer against the observed stress-related deterioration in well-being, with emotion regulation (ER) discussed as a possible moderator. Therefore, the present study investigated the interaction between stress, exercise activity (EA), and ER on mood. In an online survey, 366 German sports science students (56% women, Mage = 23.04, SD = 2.87) reported their stress levels (general and COVID-19-specific), mood (energy, valence, calmness), EA before and during the pandemic, and use of ER strategies in spring 2020. Pandemic-related change in EA was calculated as residual change. Due to gender differences in mental health and EA, the main and interaction effects were tested in twelve hierarchical regression analyses, separately for men and women. Overall, EA significantly decreased during the pandemic and was positively associated with energy in both men and women. ER was positively associated with women's energy, but negatively with all three mood dimensions in men. Only one three-way interaction appeared significant: in the case of high stress, low levels of EA and high use of ER were associated with the greatest deteriorations in energy in men. Our findings suggest that EA may buffer deteriorations in energy in men with high stress and difficulties in ER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Giessing
- Institute of Sports and Sports Sciences, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (J.K.); (M.O.F.)
| | - Julia Kannen
- Institute of Sports and Sports Sciences, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (J.K.); (M.O.F.)
| | - Jana Strahler
- Faculty of Psychology and Sport Science, Justus-Liebig University Gießen, 35394 Gießen, Germany;
| | - Marie Ottilie Frenkel
- Institute of Sports and Sports Sciences, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (J.K.); (M.O.F.)
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Riquin E, Raynal A, Mattar L, Lalanne C, Hirot F, Huas C, Duclos J, Berthoz S, Godart N. Is the Severity of the Clinical Expression of Anorexia Nervosa Influenced by an Anxiety, Depressive, or Obsessive-Compulsive Comorbidity Over a Lifetime? Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:658416. [PMID: 34279519 PMCID: PMC8280337 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.658416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The relationship between anxiety or depressive comorbidities, their chronology of onset, and the severity of anorexia nervosa (AN) is not well-studied. We hypothesize that the existence of a comorbidity, particularly before the onset of AN, is associated with greater severity of AN. Methods: One hundred seventy-seven subjects were assessed. The prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and social phobia (SP) as well as their chronology of onset were studied. The assessment criteria of AN severity were the overall clinical condition, body mass index (BMI) on admission, lowest BMI, intensity of the eating symptoms, age at the onset of AN, illness duration, number of hospitalizations, and quality of life. Results: Patients with AN had the greatest clinical severity when they had a comorbid disorder over their lifetime, such as MDD, GAD, or SP. These comorbidities along with OCD were associated with a higher level of eating symptoms and a more altered quality of life. A profile of maximum severity was associated with a higher prevalence of MDD and GAD. Concerning the chronology of onset, the age at the start of AN was later in cases of MDD or GAD prior to AN. Conclusion: There seems to be an association between severity of AN and both MDD and GAD. The chronology of onset of the comorbidity did not seem to be associated with the severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Riquin
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers [Angers University Hospital], Angers, France
- Laboratory of Psychology, LPPL EA4638, University of Angers, Angers, France
- Adolescent and Young Adult University Hospital Department of the Health Foundation of Students of France, Centre Pierre Daguet, Sablé-sur-Sarthe, France
| | - Agathe Raynal
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, CH du Rouvray-CHU de Rouen, Rouen, France
| | - Lama Mattar
- Nutrition Division, Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences-Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Christophe Lalanne
- Université Paris Diderot [Paris Diderot University], Paris Sorbonne Cité, Paris, France
| | - France Hirot
- CESP, Univ. Paris-Sud, UVSQ, INSERM U 1178, Université Paris-Saclay [Paris-Saclay University], Paris, France
- Department of Psychiatry for Adolescents and Young Adults, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Huas
- CESP, Univ. Paris-Sud, UVSQ, INSERM U 1178, Université Paris-Saclay [Paris-Saclay University], Paris, France
- Adolescent and Young Adult University Hospital Department of the Health Foundation of Students of France, Paris, France
| | - Jeanne Duclos
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, CHU Lille, UMR 9193—SCALab—Cognitive and Affective Sciences, Lille, France
- Hôpital Saint Vincent de Paul, GHICL, Département de Psychiatrie, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Berthoz
- Department of Psychiatry for Adolescents and Young Adults, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France
- Univ. Bordeaux INCIA CNRS UMR 5287, Bordeaux, France
| | - Nathalie Godart
- CESP, Univ. Paris-Sud, UVSQ, INSERM U 1178, Université Paris-Saclay [Paris-Saclay University], Paris, France
- Department of Psychiatry for Adolescents and Young Adults, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France
- Adolescent and Young Adult University Hospital Department of the Health Foundation of Students of France, Paris, France
- UFR des Sciences de la Santé Simone Veil [Simone Veil Health Science Training and Research Unit], Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines [Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines University], Versailles, France
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The role of MRI and CT of the brain in first episodes of psychosis and behavioural abnormality. Clin Radiol 2021; 76:712.e9-712.e13. [PMID: 34099260 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2021.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate whether computed tomography (CT)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain imaging is associated with detection of structural causes of a first episode of psychosis (FEP) or first episode of behavioural abnormality (FEB) in the paediatric population, as this has not been previously documented in the literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS Individuals with FEP/FEB but no neurological signs referred to a tertiary children's centre for cerebral MRI or CT were reviewed retrospectively. Individuals were evaluated independently with one technique (CT or MRI) only. RESULTS Thirty-four consecutive cerebral MRI and six consecutive CT examinations were identified between 2017 and 2020. No patients were identified as having an organic cause for the psychosis at MRI or CT. Four patients (9%) had incidental findings on MRI, unrelated to the psychosis, such as prominent perivascular spaces, hypoplastic transverse sinus, and sinonasal mucosal wall thickening. No abnormal findings were seen on CT. There was therefore no obvious difference between MRI and CT imaging in detecting organic disease potentially responsible for FEP. CONCLUSION Routine structural MRI or CT of the brain is unlikely to reveal disease leading to a significant change in management. MRI demonstrated only a few incidental findings, unrelated to the child's clinical history. Therefore, routine brain structural imaging of FEP/FEB in paediatric patients without focal neurology may not be routinely required. If imaging is requested, then there is no significant difference between CT and MRI in detecting clinically significant lesions.
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Monteiro F, Fonseca A, Pereira M, Canavarro MC. Is positive mental health and the absence of mental illness the same? Factors associated with flourishing and the absence of depressive symptoms in postpartum women. J Clin Psychol 2020; 77:629-645. [PMID: 33098665 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Exploring a wide range of factors associated with flourishing and with the absence of depressive symptoms among postpartum women. METHODS A sample of 661 postpartum women completed a set of questionnaires assessing sociodemographic and infant-related data, flourishing, psychological flexibility, self-compassion, resilience, and maternal confidence. RESULTS Younger infant age, higher levels of maternal confidence, and resilience increased the likelihood of flourishing. In turn, higher income, fewer problems with an infant's sleep, perceiving an infant's temperament as easy, and higher psychological flexibility increased the likelihood of not having depressive symptoms. Appraising the support received by others as good and having higher self-compassion increased the likelihood of both outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Our results support positive mental health and mental illness being related but distinct dimensions. Promoting positive mental health in the postpartum period should be an additional goal in public health care as it may efficiently complement the prevention of psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Monteiro
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Fonseca
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Marco Pereira
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria C Canavarro
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Solin PCM, Reinikainen J, Martelin T, Tamminen N. Predicting high and low levels of positive mental health among people living alone in the Lapland region of Finland. JOURNAL OF PUBLIC MENTAL HEALTH 2019. [DOI: 10.1108/jpmh-02-2019-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate positive mental health (PMH) and factors related to it among those living alone in the sparsely populated area of the Lapland region.
Design/methodology/approach
The study utilises data from the Mental Health Survey of the Lapland region in Finland, covering 12 municipalities. The scores of short Warwick–Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale (sWEMWBS) were categorised into three levels of PMH. Logistic regression models were used to separately estimate the odds ratios for the high level of PMH compared with the moderate level of PMH and the low level of PMH compared with the moderate level.
Findings
Social support seemed to be very strongly associated with both low and high levels of PMH among people living alone. Participating in activities provided by organisations or societies decreased the odds of having low PMH. Among men, young age predicted low PMH.
Originality/value
The number of people living alone in Finland and other parts of Europe is increasing, yet there are few studies focusing on their positive mental health (PMH). Using scales such as sWEMWBS adds to the authors’ knowledge about the positive mental well-being of those living alone, especially in rural areas, thus making it possible to utilise mental health promotion interventions effectively and accordingly.
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Falahat K, Mirabzadeh A, Eftekhari MB, Sajjadi H, Vameghi M, Harouni GG, Feizzadeh G. Social Determinants of Positive Mental Health in Iranian Society: A Qualitative Approach. Int J Prev Med 2019; 10:170. [PMID: 32133088 PMCID: PMC6826691 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_94_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Based on the World Health Organization definition, mental health is the absence of mental disorders and presence of positive mental health (PMH). As the social determinants of mental disorders and PMH are not the same in different cultures and in order to promote community mental health, social determinants of PMH should be identified, which is the aim of this study. METHODS This was a qualitative study conducted in Tehran. Data were collected through eight focus group discussions with the general population aged between 30 and 60 years and ten semi-structured interviews with mental health professionals from Tehran. Data were analyzed through directional content analysis using Dedoose software. RESULTS Fifty-one lay people and ten mental health professionals participated in this study. The process of content analysis resulted in two main themes: (a) structural determinants of PMH which consist of socioeconomic and political context and socioeconomic position and (b) intermediary determinants of PMH which consist of working condition, living condition, family factors, lifestyle, psychosocial factors, and health system. CONCLUSIONS Improvement of living conditions, with emphasis on working conditions as one of the intermediary social determinants, will play an important role in promoting PMH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katayoun Falahat
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Mirabzadeh
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Monir Baradaran Eftekhari
- Social Determinant of Health, Undersecretary for Research and Technology, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Homeira Sajjadi
- Social Welfare Management Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Meroe Vameghi
- Social Welfare Management Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Golnaz Feizzadeh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Kocalevent RD, Berg L, Beutel ME, Hinz A, Zenger M, Härter M, Nater U, Brähler E. Social support in the general population: standardization of the Oslo social support scale (OSSS-3). BMC Psychol 2018; 6:31. [PMID: 30016997 PMCID: PMC6050647 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-018-0249-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 263] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objectives of the study were to generate normative data for the Oslo Social Support Scale (OSSS-3) for different age groups for men and women and to further investigate the factor structure in the general population. METHODS Nationally representative face-to face household surveys were conducted in Germany in 2008 (n = 2524). RESULTS Normative data for the Oslo Social Support Scale were generated for men and women (52.3% female) and different age levels (mean age (SD) of 48.9 (18.3) years). Men had mean scores comparable to women (10.1 [SD = 2.3] vs. 10.2 [SD = 2.2]). The EFA resulted in a clear one-factor solution for the OSSS-3. CONCLUSIONS The normative data provide a framework for the interpretation and comparisons of social support with other populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rüya-Daniela Kocalevent
- Institute and Policlinic for Medical Psychology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr, 52, W26, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of General Practice/Primary Care, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, W26, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lorenz Berg
- Institute and Policlinic for Medical Psychology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr, 52, W26, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Manfred E. Beutel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Hinz
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University of Leipzig, Ph.-Rosenthal-Str. 55, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Markus Zenger
- Faculty of Applied Human Studies, University of Applied Sciences Magdeburg and Stendal, Stendal, Germany
| | - Martin Härter
- Institute and Policlinic for Medical Psychology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr, 52, W26, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Urs Nater
- Department of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elmar Brähler
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstraße 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University of Leipzig, Ph.-Rosenthal-Str. 55, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Grundy E, Murphy M. Coresidence with a child and happiness among older widows in Europe: Does gender of the child matter? POPULATION, SPACE AND PLACE 2018; 24:e2102. [PMID: 29937701 PMCID: PMC5993242 DOI: 10.1002/psp.2102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Both coresidence patterns and the reported well-being of older people vary widely across Europe for a variety of economic, cultural, and historical factors. We investigate how far 2 indicators of well-being, happiness and life satisfaction, vary according to whether or not older women live with their children and, in particular, with son(s) or daughter(s). We compare outcomes for women who are unpartnered widows, the great majority of whom will have had children, so those with and without coresident children may be compared. We use data for 34 countries in Europe by combining 7 waves of the European Social Survey for the period 2002-2014 (N = 18,500). We control for a range of other variables known to be associated with well-being including health status, socioeconomic position, and social support. Results show that widows living with a child were happier than those living without a child (generally alone) but that in Eastern and Southern Europe it was only living with a daughter that had this positive effect. Older age was associated with higher levels of happiness and life satisfaction. Other associations, and regional differences, were as expected with lower levels of happiness in Eastern Europe and for those with poorer health and fewer social resources. These findings indicate the important influence of contextual factors on associations between living arrangements and the well-being of older people and a need for further work on possible negative impacts of living alone on the well-being of older Europeans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Grundy
- Institute for Social and Economic ResearchUniversity of EssexColchesterUK
- Department of Social PolicyLondon School of Economics and Political ScienceLondonUK
| | - Michael Murphy
- Department of Social PolicyLondon School of Economics and Political ScienceLondonUK
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15
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Guo C, Tomson G, Keller C, Söderqvist F. Prevalence and correlates of positive mental health in Chinese adolescents. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:263. [PMID: 29454315 PMCID: PMC5816379 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5133-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies investigating the prevalence of positive mental health and its correlates are still scarce compared to the studies on mental disorders, although there is growing interest of assessing positive mental health in adolescents. So far, no other study examining the prevalence and determinants of positive mental health in Chinese adolescents has been found. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence and correlates of positive mental health in Chinese adolescents. METHODS This cross-sectional study used a questionnaire including Mental Health Continuum-Short Form (MHC-SF) and items regarding multiple aspects of adolescent life. The sample involved a total of 5399 students from grade 8 and 10 in Weifang, China. Multivariate Logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the associations between potential indicators regarding socio-economic situations, life style, social support and school life and positive mental health and calculate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS More than half (57.4%) of the participants were diagnosed as flourishing. The correlated factors of positive mental health in regression models included gender, perceived family economy, the occurrence of sibling(s), satisfaction of self-appearance, physical activity, sleep quality, stress, social trust, desire to learn, support from teachers and parents as well as whether being bullied at school (OR ranging from 1.23 to 2.75). The Hosmer-Lemeshow p-value for the final regression model (0.45) indicated adequate model fit. CONCLUSION This study gives the first overview on prevalence and correlates of positive mental health in Chinese adolescents. The prevalence of positive mental health in Chinese adolescents is higher than reported in most of the previous studies also using MHC-SF. Our findings suggest that adolescents with advantageous socio-economic situations, life style, social support and school life are experiencing better positive mental health than others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Guo
- Medical Management Centre, Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Göran Tomson
- Medical Management Centre, Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christina Keller
- International Business School, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Söderqvist
- Center for Clinical Research, Uppsala University, Västerås Hospital, Västerås, Sweden
- Competence Center for Health, Region of Västmanland, Västerås Hospital, Västerås, Sweden
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16
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Pérez JC, Coo S, Irarrázaval M. Is maternal depression related to mother and adolescent reports of family functioning? J Adolesc 2018; 63:129-141. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2017.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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17
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Roldán-Merino J, Lluch-Canut MT, Casas I, Sanromà-Ortíz M, Ferré-Grau C, Sequeira C, Falcó-Pegueroles A, Soares D, Puig-Llobet M. Reliability and validity of the Positive Mental Health Questionnaire in a sample of Spanish university students. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2017; 24:123-133. [PMID: 28150373 DOI: 10.1111/jpm.12358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT?: In general, the current studies of positive mental health use questionnaires or parts thereof. However, while these questionnaires evaluate aspects of positive mental health, they fail to measure the construct itself. WHAT DOES THIS PAPER ADD TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE?: The widespread use and the lack of specific questionnaires for evaluating the positive mental health construct justify the need to measure the robustness of the Positive Mental Health Questionnaire. Also six factors are proposed to measure positive mental health. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE?: The availability of a good questionnaire to measure positive mental health in university students is useful not only to promote mental health but also to strengthen the curricula of future professionals. ABSTRACT Introduction Nursing has a relevant role in managing mental health. It is important to identify and thereafter to enhance positive aspects of mental health among university nursing students. Aim The aim of the present study was to analyse the psychometric properties of the Positive Mental Health Questionnaire (PMHQ) in terms of reliability and validity using confirmatory factor analysis in a sample of university students. Method A cross-sectional study was carried out in a sample of 1091 students at 4 nursing schools in Catalonia, Spain. The reliability of the PMHQ was measured by means of Cronbach's alpha coefficient, and the test-retest stability was measured with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Confirmatory factor analysis was used to determine the validity of the factorial structure. Results Cronbach's alpha coefficient was satisfactory (>0.70) for four of the six subscales or dimensions and ranged from 0.54 to 0.79. ICC analysis was satisfactory for the six subscales or dimensions. The hypothesis was confirmed in the analysis of the correlations between subclasses and the overall scale, with the strongest correlations being found between the majority of the subscales and the overall scale. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the model proposed for the factors fit the data satisfactorily. Discussion This scale is a valid and reliable instrument for evaluating positive mental health in university students. Implications for Practice A good questionnaire to measure positive mental health in university students is useful not only to promote mental health but also to strengthen the curricula of future professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Roldán-Merino
- Campus Docent, Sant Joan de Déu-Fundació Privada, School of Nursing, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Faculty of Nursing, Rovira i Virgili University of Tarragona, Tarragona, Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Research Group GEIMAC (Group Consolidat 2014-1139: Grupo de Estudios de Invarianza de los Instrumentos de Medida y Análisis del Cambio en los Ámbitos Social y de la Salud), Barcelona, Spain.,Research Group CIBERSAM (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental), Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Research Group GIRISAME (International Researchers Group of Mental Health Nursing Care), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M T Lluch-Canut
- Research Group GEIMAC (Group Consolidat 2014-1139: Grupo de Estudios de Invarianza de los Instrumentos de Medida y Análisis del Cambio en los Ámbitos Social y de la Salud), Barcelona, Spain.,Research Group GIRISAME (International Researchers Group of Mental Health Nursing Care), Barcelona, Spain.,Mental Health Sciences Department, School of Nursing, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - I Casas
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Preventive Medicine Service, Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - M Sanromà-Ortíz
- Facultat de Ciències de la Salut. Fundació Blanquerna, Universitat RamonLlull, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Ferré-Grau
- Faculty of Nursing, Rovira i Virgili University of Tarragona, Tarragona, Spain.,Research Group GIRISAME (International Researchers Group of Mental Health Nursing Care), Barcelona, Spain.,Research Group Emergent Infermeria Avançada SGR1030, Tarragona, Spain
| | - C Sequeira
- Research Group GIRISAME (International Researchers Group of Mental Health Nursing Care), Barcelona, Spain.,Escola Superior de Enfermagem do Porto, Coordenador do Grupo de InvestigaçãoNursID: Innovation and development in Nursing -CINTESIS- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto., Porto, Portugal
| | - A Falcó-Pegueroles
- Research Group GIRISAME (International Researchers Group of Mental Health Nursing Care), Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Fundamental Care and Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing. University of Barcelona., Barcelona, Spain.,Research Group SRG Consolidat 2014-326 GTEAAP, Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Soares
- Faculty of Nursing, Rovira i Virgili University of Tarragona, Tarragona, Spain
| | - M Puig-Llobet
- Research Group GIRISAME (International Researchers Group of Mental Health Nursing Care), Barcelona, Spain.,Mental Health Sciences Department, School of Nursing, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Research Group Emergent Infermeria Avançada SGR1030, Tarragona, Spain
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Houghton S, Wood L, Marais I, Rosenberg M, Ferguson R, Pettigrew S. Positive Mental Well-Being. Assessment 2016; 24:371-386. [DOI: 10.1177/1073191115609995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This study presents a Rasch-derived short form of the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale for use as a screening tool in the general population. Data from 2,005 18- to 69-year-olds revealed problematic discrimination at specific thresholds. Estimation of model fit also deviated from Rasch model expectations. Following deletion of 4 items, the 10 remaining items indicated the data fitted the model. No items showed differential item functioning, thereby making comparisons of overall positive mental well-being for the different age, gender, and income groups valid and accurate. Cronbach’s alpha and Rasch Person Separation Index indicated a strong degree of reliability. Overall, the 10-item scale challenges researchers and clinicians to reconsider the assessment of positive mental well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Houghton
- The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Lisa Wood
- The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ida Marais
- The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Michael Rosenberg
- The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Renee Ferguson
- The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Simone Pettigrew
- The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Dreger S, Gerlinger T, Bolte G. Gender inequalities in mental wellbeing in 26 European countries: do welfare regimes matter? Eur J Public Health 2016; 26:872-876. [PMID: 27259719 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckw074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nature and extent of welfare regimes and social policies are important determinants of health and health inequalities. This study examines the association of gender and mental wellbeing in European countries and investigates whether type of welfare regime plays a role in this association. METHOD Data of 19 366 women and 14 338 men of the third round of the European Quality of Life Survey (2011-12) was used to analyse mental wellbeing, assessed by the World Health Organization 5-Mental Wellbeing Index. Multilevel logistic regression analyses were performed to analyse the association between gender and good mental wellbeing first at country-level, and secondly the between country variation was analysed and welfare regimes were included as explanatory variables. RESULTS We observed cross-national variation in good mental wellbeing. At country levels gender inequalities in good mental wellbeing were observed in 7 out of 26 countries. In analyses considering all countries together gender inequalities in good mental wellbeing were identified independent of further individual socio-demographic variables and independent of the welfare regimes that people lived in [women vs. men: OR = 0.76; (95% CI = 0.71-0.81)]. Gender inequalities in good mental wellbeing were not modified by welfare regimes. CONCLUSION There are cross-national differences in good mental wellbeing between European countries. Gender inequalities with a lower prevalence of good mental wellbeing among women are common in European countries. This study suggests that welfare regimes do not modify these gender inequalities in mental wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Dreger
- Department of Social Epidemiology, Institute for Public Health and Nursing Research, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany .,Health Sciences Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Thomas Gerlinger
- Department of Health Care Systems, Health Policy and Sociology of Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Gabriele Bolte
- Department of Social Epidemiology, Institute for Public Health and Nursing Research, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.,Health Sciences Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
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20
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Sabater A, Graham E. The Role of Children’s Education for the Mental Health of Aging Migrants in Europe. GEROPSYCH-THE JOURNAL OF GERONTOPSYCHOLOGY AND GERIATRIC PSYCHIATRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1024/1662-9647/a000145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. In this study, using SHARE data we examined whether the education of adult children is associated with depressive symptoms (EURO-D caseness) for older immigrants and nonimmigrants in Europe. After controlling for possible confounders, we found that the education of adult children has independent effects on the mental health of their parents, and that having children with upper secondary or tertiary levels of education significantly lessen the odds of immigrants experiencing depressive symptoms. Furthermore, regular contact between parents and their adult children exerts a positive influence as well as amplifying the relationship between children’s education and mental health. Taken together, the results demonstrate that, were it not for family social capital, older immigrants might experience much worse mental health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Sabater
- , Department of Geography and Sustainable Development & ESRC Centre for Population Change, University of St Andrews, Scotland, UK
| | - Elspeth Graham
- , Department of Geography and Sustainable Development & ESRC Centre for Population Change, University of St Andrews, Scotland, UK
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21
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Vaingankar JA, Abdin E, Chong SA, Sambasivam R, Jeyagurunathan A, Seow E, Picco L, Pang S, Lim S, Subramaniam M. Psychometric properties of the positive mental health instrument among people with mental disorders: a cross-sectional study. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2016; 14:19. [PMID: 26868835 PMCID: PMC4751680 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-016-0424-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Positive Mental Health (PMH) instrument was developed and validated to assess the level of PMH and its six dimensions in a multi-ethnic general population sample. This cross-sectional study examines the psychometric properties of the instrument for assessing the level of PMH among help-seeking patients with mental disorders. Methods The PMH instrument was tested among 360 out-patients with schizophrenia, depression or anxiety spectrum disorders, seeking treatment at a tertiary psychiatric hospital and its affiliated clinics in Singapore. All participants completed the PMH instrument along with measures of life satisfaction, mental and overall health and happiness. Reliability (internal consistency), construct (Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM)) and criterion (convergent and divergent) validity of the PMH instrument were tested in this population. Items were also tested for item response theory and differential item functioning (IRT-DIF). Results ESEM on the PMH instrument showed good fit with the model reflecting six factors (general coping, personal growth and autonomy, spirituality, interpersonal skills, emotional support, and global affect). Internal consistency was high (Cronbach’s alpha >0.85) for the instrument and its six subscales. The PMH instrument fulfilled expected correlations with related constructs and demonstrated adequate item discrimination and difficulty estimates; however, significant DIF was noted for few items for age, gender and ethnicity groups. Conclusions The PMH instrument is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring PMH dimensions in patients with mental disorders. Further studies in larger samples are needed to assess the impact of DIF on PMH scores. The implications for the shift in focus from just the negative aspects of mental disorders to including positive components in the assessment of patients with mental disorders are immense, and can be applied in routine mental health practice and policy making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janhavi Ajit Vaingankar
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, 10, Buangkok View, Singapore, 539747, Singapore.
| | - Edimansyah Abdin
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, 10, Buangkok View, Singapore, 539747, Singapore
| | - Siow Ann Chong
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, 10, Buangkok View, Singapore, 539747, Singapore
| | - Rajeswari Sambasivam
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, 10, Buangkok View, Singapore, 539747, Singapore
| | - Anitha Jeyagurunathan
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, 10, Buangkok View, Singapore, 539747, Singapore
| | - Esmond Seow
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, 10, Buangkok View, Singapore, 539747, Singapore
| | - Louisa Picco
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, 10, Buangkok View, Singapore, 539747, Singapore
| | - Shirlene Pang
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, 10, Buangkok View, Singapore, 539747, Singapore
| | - Susan Lim
- Ambulatory Services, Institute of Mental Health, 10, Buangkok View, Singapore, 539747, Singapore
| | - Mythily Subramaniam
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, 10, Buangkok View, Singapore, 539747, Singapore
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Mjøsund NH, Eriksson M, Norheim I, Keyes CLM, Espnes GA, Vinje HF. Mental health as perceived by persons with mental disorders – an interpretative phenomenological analysis study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MENTAL HEALTH PROMOTION 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/14623730.2015.1039329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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23
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Dreger S, Buck C, Bolte G. Material, psychosocial and sociodemographic determinants are associated with positive mental health in Europe: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2014; 4:e005095. [PMID: 24871540 PMCID: PMC4039806 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the association between psychosocial, sociodemographic and material determinants of positive mental health in Europe. DESIGN Cross-sectional analysis of survey data. SETTING 34 European countries. PARTICIPANTS Representative Europe-wide sample consisting of 21 066 men and 22 569 women aged 18 years and over, from 34 European countries participating in the third wave of the European Quality of Life Survey (2011-2012). OUTCOME Positive mental health as measured by the WHO-5-Mental Well-being Index, while the lowest 25% centile indicated poor positive mental health. RESULTS The prevalence of poor positive mental health was 30% in women and 24% in men. Material, as well as psychosocial, and sociodemographic factors were independently associated with poor positive mental health in a Europe-wide sample from 34 European countries. When studying all factors together, the highest OR for poor positive mental health was reported for social exclusion (men: OR=1.73, 95% CI 1.59 to 1.90; women: OR=1.69, 95% CI 1.57 to 1.81) among the psychosocial factors. Among the material factors, material deprivation had the highest impact (men: OR=1.96, 95% CI 1.78 to 2.15; women: OR=1.93, 95% CI 1.79 to 2.08). CONCLUSIONS This study gives the first overview on determinants of positive mental health at a European level and could be used as the basis for preventive policies in the field of positive mental health in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Dreger
- Department of Social Epidemiology, Institute for Public Health and Nursing Research, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Christoph Buck
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology—BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Gabriele Bolte
- Department of Social Epidemiology, Institute for Public Health and Nursing Research, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
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Lluch-Canut T, Puig-Llobet M, Sánchez-Ortega A, Roldán-Merino J, Ferré-Grau C. Assessing positive mental health in people with chronic physical health problems: correlations with socio-demographic variables and physical health status. BMC Public Health 2013; 13:928. [PMID: 24093443 PMCID: PMC3853147 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A holistic perspective on health implies giving careful consideration to the relationship between physical and mental health. In this regard the present study sought to determine the level of Positive Mental Health (PMH) among people with chronic physical health problems, and to examine the relationship between the observed levels of PMH and both physical health status and socio-demographic variables. METHODS The study was based on the Multifactor Model of Positive Mental Health (Lluch, 1999), which comprises six factors: Personal Satisfaction (F1), Prosocial Attitude (F2), Self-control (F3), Autonomy (F4), Problem-solving and Self-actualization (F5), and Interpersonal Relationship Skills (F6). The sample comprised 259 adults with chronic physical health problems who were recruited through a primary care center in the province of Barcelona (Spain). Positive mental health was assessed by means of the Positive Mental Health Questionnaire (Lluch, 1999). RESULTS Levels of PMH differed, either on the global scale or on specific factors, in relation to the following variables: age: global PMH scores decreased with age (r=-0.129; p=0.038); b) gender: men scored higher on F1 (t=2.203; p=0.028) and F4 (t=3.182; p=0.002), while women scored higher on F2 (t -3.086; p=0.002) and F6 (t=-2.744; p=0.007); c) number of health conditions: the fewer the number of health problems the higher the PMH score on F5 (r=-0.146; p=0.019); d) daily medication: polymedication patients had lower PMH scores, both globally and on various factors; e) use of analgesics: occasional use of painkillers was associated with higher PMH scores on F1 (t=-2.811; p=0.006). There were no significant differences in global PMH scores according to the type of chronic health condition. The only significant difference in the analysis by factors was that patients with hypertension obtained lower PMH scores on the factor Autonomy (t=2.165; p=0.032). CONCLUSIONS Most people with chronic physical health problems have medium or high levels of PMH. The variables that adversely affect PMH are old age, polypharmacy and frequent consumption of analgesics. The type of health problem does not influence the levels of PMH. Much more extensive studies with samples without chronic pathology are now required in order to be able to draw more robust conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Lluch-Canut
- Mental Health Sciences Department, School of Nursing, University of Barcelona, Campus of Health Sciences, Feixa Llarga, s/n, 08907-Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Puig-Llobet
- Mental Health Sciences Department, School of Nursing, University of Barcelona, Campus of Health Sciences, Feixa Llarga, s/n, 08907-Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aurelia Sánchez-Ortega
- Primary Health Care, Neighbourhood Latino Santa Coloma de Gramanet, Catalan Institute for Health, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Roldán-Merino
- Campus Docent, Sant Joan de Déu-Fundació Privada, School of Nursing, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERSAM (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental), Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Ferré-Grau
- Faculty of Nursing, Rovira i Virgili University of Tarragona, Tarragona, Spain
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Carta MG, Zairo F, Saphino D, Sevilla-Dedieu C, Moro MF, Massidda D, Kovess V. MDQ positive people's searching for effective and ineffective treatments for bipolar disorders: a screening study in France. J Affect Disord 2013; 149:84-92. [PMID: 23623740 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2013.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The objective was to estimate the rate of subjects who tested positive at a screening for bipolar disorders among the people insured by a French Health Company, and subsequently to measure treatment patterns. METHODS Cross-sectional postal survey on the "Mutuelle Générale de l'Education Nationale" (MGEN) policyholders. A self-rated questionnaire was sent by mail to 20,099 individuals randomly selected among MGEN policyholders. Tools: questionnaire on socio-demographic variables and health-care use; Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ); Composite International Diagnostic Interview Short Form Self-Administered (CIDI-SA). RESULTS Responders were 10,288 (53%). The prevalence of MDQ positivity (MDQ(+)) was 3.6%. The respondents older than 65 showed the lowest frequencies. High frequencies were recorded by the people who had left work because of long term sickness and by people with invalidity. Subjects having a diagnosis of ICD-10 major depression were found to be at risk. Positive subjects had no more contacts with general practitioners than negative subjects; on the contrary they had more contacts with psychiatrists, alternative medicine professionals, psychologists, psychoanalysts, spiritual guides or welfare workers. MDQ+ subjects had a higher risk to use all kinds of psychodrugs, including antidepressants (27.7%, OR=2.7, CI95% 1.9-3.9). DISCUSSION The prevalence of MDQ(+) was similar to the surveys in the USA and Italy. The use of ADs in people with MDQ(+) and MDD diagnosis needs to be taken into account when managing the public health-care system. A large rate of positive subjects reported to have used ineffective treatments for bipolar disorders. LIMITS Relative low response rate and observational design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Giovanni Carta
- Department of Public Health and Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
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Developing Research and Surveillance for Positive Mental Health: A Canadian Process for Conceptualization and Measurement. Int J Ment Health Addict 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-013-9443-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Khandanpour N, Hoggard N, Connolly DJA. The role of MRI and CT of the brain in first episodes of psychosis. Clin Radiol 2012; 68:245-50. [PMID: 22959259 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2012.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Revised: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate whether imaging is associated with early detection of the organic causes of the first episode of psychosis (FEP). MATERIALS AND METHODS Individuals with FEP but no neurological signs referred to a tertiary centre for cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) were reviewed retrospectively. Two groups were evaluated with either CT or MRI; the two groups were independent and no individual underwent both CT and MRI. RESULTS One hundred and twelve consecutive cerebral MRI and 204 consecutive CT examinations were identified. Three (2.7%) individuals had brain lesions [brain tumour and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) encephalopathy] potentially accountable for the psychosis at MRI. Seventy patients (62.5%) had incidental brain lesions, such as cerebral atrophy, small vessel ischaemic changes, unruptured Circle of Willis aneurysm, cavernoma, and arachnoid cysts at MRI. Three patients (1.5%) had focal brain lesions (primary or secondary tumours) potentially accountable for the psychosis at CT. One hundred and thirty-three patients (65.2%) had incidental brain lesions unrelated to the psychosis on CT scan. There was no significant difference between MRI and CT imaging in detecting organic disease potentially responsible for FEP (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Routine MRI or CT imaging of the brain is unlikely to reveal disease leading to a significant change in management. MRI was comparable with CT in terms of diagnosis of both pathological and incidental cerebral lesions. Therefore, routine brain structural imaging of FEP in patients without focal neurology may not be routinely required and if imaging is requested then CT may function equally as well as MRI as the first-line investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Khandanpour
- Academic Unit of Radiology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, University of Sheffield, UK
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Fokkema T, De Jong Gierveld J, Dykstra PA. Cross-National Differences in Older Adult Loneliness. THE JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2012; 146:201-28. [DOI: 10.1080/00223980.2011.631612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
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Van Lente E, Barry MM, Molcho M, Morgan K, Watson D, Harrington J, McGee H. Measuring population mental health and social well-being. Int J Public Health 2011; 57:421-30. [PMID: 22048275 DOI: 10.1007/s00038-011-0317-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2010] [Revised: 10/16/2011] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This paper examines the relationships between indicators of positive and negative dimensions of mental health, social well-being and physical health. METHODS The paper reports on data collected in the third National Survey of Lifestyle, Attitudes and Nutrition (SLÁN 2007), a cross-sectional survey conducted with a representative sample of 10,364 Irish adults. The survey included measures of positive mental health and non-specific psychological distress from the SF-36 questionnaire, together with measures of social well-being, subjective health, and selected health behaviours. RESULTS Positive mental health is predicted by lower levels of loneliness and higher levels of social support. Better self-rated health, positive health behaviours and lower GP consultation rates are associated with higher levels of positive mental health. Lower levels of social well-being, were found to be the strongest predictors of negative mental health. CONCLUSIONS Social well-being and health behaviours correlate with both positive and negative mental health. These findings highlight the need to endorse comprehensive approaches to population mental health promotion. The inclusion of both positive and negative mental health indicators in future population health surveys is supported by the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Van Lente
- Health Promotion Research Centre, National University of Ireland, 16 Distillery Road, Galway, Ireland
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Vaingankar JA, Subramaniam M, Chong SA, Abdin E, Orlando Edelen M, Picco L, Lim YW, Phua MY, Chua BY, Tee JYS, Sherbourne C. The positive mental health instrument: development and validation of a culturally relevant scale in a multi-ethnic Asian population. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2011; 9:92. [PMID: 22040157 PMCID: PMC3229450 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7525-9-92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Instruments to measure mental health and well-being are largely developed and often used within Western populations and this compromises their validity in other cultures. A previous qualitative study in Singapore demonstrated the relevance of spiritual and religious practices to mental health, a dimension currently not included in exiting multi-dimensional measures. The objective of this study was to develop a self-administered measure that covers all key and culturally appropriate domains of mental health, which can be applied to compare levels of mental health across different age, gender and ethnic groups. We present the item reduction and validation of the Positive Mental Health (PMH) instrument in a community-based adult sample in Singapore. Methods Surveys were conducted among adult (21-65 years) residents belonging to Chinese, Malay and Indian ethnicities. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis (EFA, CFA) were conducted and items were reduced using item response theory tests (IRT). The final version of the PMH instrument was tested for internal consistency and criterion validity. Items were tested for differential item functioning (DIF) to check if items functioned in the same way across all subgroups. Results: EFA and CFA identified six first-order factor structure (General coping, Personal growth and autonomy, Spirituality, Interpersonal skills, Emotional support, and Global affect) under one higher-order dimension of Positive Mental Health (RMSEA = 0.05, CFI = 0.96, TLI = 0.96). A 47-item self-administered multi-dimensional instrument with a six-point Likert response scale was constructed. The slope estimates and strength of the relation to the theta for all items in each six PMH subscales were high (range:1.39 to 5.69), suggesting good discrimination properties. The threshold estimates for the instrument ranged from -3.45 to 1.61 indicating that the instrument covers entire spectrums for the six dimensions. The instrument demonstrated high internal consistency and had significant and expected correlations with other well-being measures. Results confirmed absence of DIF. Conclusions The PMH instrument is a reliable and valid instrument that can be used to measure and compare level of mental health across different age, gender and ethnic groups in Singapore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janhavi Ajit Vaingankar
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health/Woodbridge Hospital, 10, Buangkok View, 539747, Singapore.
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Differences in self-reported importance of elements of health and subjectively experienced health among outpatients in community mental health services. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2011; 25:e19-26. [PMID: 21978810 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2011.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2010] [Revised: 03/23/2011] [Accepted: 04/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Positive dimensions of mental health are strong protective factors against physical and mental illness in general population. A cross-sectional study including a randomly selected sample of 141 outpatients was performed to explore differences in patients' self-reported importance of elements of health and subjective experiences of health related to sociodemographic background variables. The examination of differences in self-reported importance of elements of health showed differences regarding gender, and the analyses of subjectively experienced health showed differences regarding age and diagnosis. Clinical interventions aiming at strengthening positive dimensions of health are required in community mental health services to meet the patients' individual needs of enhanced health.
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Pedersen I, Nordaunet T, Martinsen EW, Berget B, Braastad BO. Farm animal-assisted intervention: relationship between work and contact with farm animals and change in depression, anxiety, and self-efficacy among persons with clinical depression. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2011; 32:493-500. [PMID: 21767251 DOI: 10.3109/01612840.2011.566982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Fourteen adults with clinical depression participated twice a week in a 12-week farm animal-assisted intervention consisting of work and contact with dairy cattle. Each participant was video-recorded twice during the intervention, and the recordings were categorized with respect to various work tasks and animal and human contact. Levels of anxiety and depression decreased and self-efficacy increased during the intervention. Interaction with farm animals via work tasks showed a greater potential for improved mental health than via sole animal contact, but only when progress in working skills was achieved, indicating the role of coping experiences for a successful intervention.
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Validity across translations of short survey psychiatric diagnostic instruments: CIDI-SF and CIS-R versus SCID-I/NP in four European countries. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2010; 45:1149-59. [PMID: 19885632 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-009-0158-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2009] [Accepted: 10/12/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aims of the study are: first, to compare two short diagnostic instruments, CIDI-SF and CIS-R, with respect to the structured clinical interview for non-patient (SCID-I/NP) for anxiety and depressive disorders; and second, to evaluate the influence of four languages, Italian, Romanian, Spanish and French, on the concordance tests. METHODS A total of 120 participants from Italy and Romania, 119 from Spain and 141 from France (N = 500) were recruited randomly in a local primary care research centre (GPs or medical centres). The instruments were administered during a unique session: the lay instruments by students in psychology and the SCID by experienced psychiatrists. Kappa, sensitivity/specificity/negative (NPV) and positive predictive values (PPV), ROC curve (AUC) and the Youden Index (Y) were calculated. RESULTS Results were better for the CIDI-SF than the CIS-R for anxious disorders, depressive disorders and any of them. The results were identical to that obtained by the CIDI 3.0 for the three categories and constant across the languages except for depressive disorders in Romania and France. CONCLUSIONS CIDI-SF is a cost-effective instrument and could be easily integrated into health surveys; its performance values are better across languages than values proposed by the CIS-R and could be increased by inclusion of few additional information.
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Kleinberg A, Aluoja A, Vasar V. Point prevalence of major depression in Estonia. Results from the 2006 Estonian Health Survey. Eur Psychiatry 2010; 25:485-90. [PMID: 20813505 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2010.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2009] [Revised: 06/14/2010] [Accepted: 06/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The study focuses on the point prevalence of major depressive episode in the Estonian population in 2006 and assesses the relationship of sociodemographic factors, health status indicators, alcohol use, and previous depressive episodes to major depression. METHODS The present major depressive episode was assessed within the nationally representative, cross-sectional 2006 Estonian Health Survey (EHIS 2006), in which non-institutionalized individuals aged 18-84 years (n=6105) were interviewed using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). RESULTS The point prevalence of major depressive episode in the Estonian population was 5.6%. Depression was higher among females, in the non-Estonian ethnic group, among people older than 40 years, and in the lower-income group. CONCLUSIONS The point prevalence of major depressive episodes was comparable with the results of other population surveys, being a little higher than the average. Age, income, ethnicity, health status, self-rated health, and previous depressive episode were independent associates of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kleinberg
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Tartu, Raja 31, Tartu, Estonia.
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Psychiatric disorders in students in six French universities: 12-month prevalence, comorbidity, impairment and help-seeking. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2010; 45:189-99. [PMID: 19381424 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-009-0055-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2009] [Accepted: 04/02/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Few studies have explored the prevalence of psychiatric disorders (PD) among university students. This article aims to study 12-month prevalence of PD in university students, their socio-economic correlates, impairment in daily life and help-seeking behaviours. METHODS Cross-sectional study of randomly selected first-year students aged 18-24 years, enrolled in one of the six universities in south-eastern France in 2005-2006. We used the WHO CIDI-Short Form to derive DSM-IV diagnoses and the Sheehan disability scale to evaluate impairment. We studied their correlates with multiple logistic regressions. RESULTS The 12-month prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD), anxiety disorders (AD) and substance use disorders (SUD) were 8.9% (95% CI: 7.2-10.9), 15.7% (95% CI: 13.5-18.2) and 8.1% (95% CI: 6.7-9.8), respectively. MDD was associated with precarious economic situation (OR = 1.83; 95% CI: 1.03-3.23), AD with a precarious job or unemployment of the father (OR = 2.08; 95% CI: 1.04-4.14) and SUD with higher educational level of father (OR = 2.17; 95% CI: 1.28-3.67) or having a paid job (OR = 1.82; 95% CI: 1.06-3.13). "Marked" or "extreme" impairment (score > or =7 for at least one of the domains in the Sheehan scale) was noted for 51.7% of students presenting a PD and was even more frequent in the presence of MDD/AD comorbidity. Only 30.5% of the students with a PD had sought professional help in the past 12 months. CONCLUSIONS This study provides new results regarding university students suggesting a link between precarious economic situations and MDD. The frequent impairment arising from PD alongside low rates of help-seeking suggests that PD could be one of the factors in academic failure in first year of university. These results should be used to improve prevention and care of PD in university students in France.
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Buber I, Engelhardt H. Children's impact on the mental health of their older mothers and fathers: findings from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe. Eur J Ageing 2008; 5:31-45. [PMID: 28798560 PMCID: PMC5546383 DOI: 10.1007/s10433-008-0074-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The relation between social support and mental health has been thoroughly researched and structural characteristics of the social network have been widely recognised as being an important component of social support. The aim of this paper is to clarify the association between children and depressive mood states of their older parents. Based on international comparative data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe we analysed how the number of children, their proximity and the frequency of contact between older parents and their children are associated with the mental health of older people, using the EURO-D index. Our results indicate a positive association of children and depressive mood since childless men and women report more depressive symptoms. Moreover, few contacts with children were associated with an increased number of depressive symptoms. The family status was related to mental health as well: older men and women living with a spouse or partner had the lowest levels of depression. Interestingly, the presence of a spouse or partner was more relevant for the mental health of older people than the presence of, or contact with, their children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Buber
- Vienna Institute of Demography, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Wohllebengasse 12-14, 6th Floor, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Henriette Engelhardt
- Otto-Friedrich-University of Bamberg, Lichtenhaidestrasse 11, 3rd Floor, Postfach 1549, 96045 Bamberg, Germany
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Coelho R, Ramos S, Prata J, Bettencourt P, Ferreira A, Cerqueira-Gomes M. Heart failure and health related quality of life. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health 2005; 1:19. [PMID: 16202163 PMCID: PMC1274338 DOI: 10.1186/1745-0179-1-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2005] [Accepted: 10/04/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Quality of life is a major goal in the context of preventive and therapeutic cardiology. It is important, both as an outcome measure in clinical trials of congestive heart failure (CHF) and as a consideration in individual physicians' therapeutic decisions. In this article, quality of life concepts are reviewed, methods of measurement are explored and clinically significant changes on prognosis are discussed. There is a need for more research which is based on carefully selected measures of quality of life chosen as being of particular importance to patients and to the hypotheses being tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Coelho
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de S. João, Porto Medical School, Porto, Portugal
- Unit of Cardiovascular Research and Development. Hospital de S. João, Porto Medical School, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sónia Ramos
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital de Magalhães Lemos, Porto, Portugal
- Unit of Cardiovascular Research and Development. Hospital de S. João, Porto Medical School, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Prata
- Department of Psychiatry, Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
- Unit of Cardiovascular Research and Development. Hospital de S. João, Porto Medical School, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo Bettencourt
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital de S. João, Porto, Portugal
- Unit of Cardiovascular Research and Development. Hospital de S. João, Porto Medical School, Porto, Portugal
| | - António Ferreira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital de S. João, Porto, Portugal
- Unit of Cardiovascular Research and Development. Hospital de S. João, Porto Medical School, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mário Cerqueira-Gomes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital de S. João, Porto, Portugal
- Unit of Cardiovascular Research and Development. Hospital de S. João, Porto Medical School, Porto, Portugal
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