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Dong HK, Gim JA, Yeo SH, Kim HS. Integrated late onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) susceptibility genes: Cholesterol metabolism and trafficking perspectives. Gene 2016; 597:10-16. [PMID: 27773727 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Late onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) is the most common type of dementia and is characterized by decreased amyloid-β (Aβ) clearance from the brain. Cholesterol regulates the production and clearance of Aβ. Genome-wide association study (GWAS) suggests that at least 20 genes are associated with LOAD. The genes APOE, CLU, SORL1, PICALM, and BIN1 have a relatively high LOAD susceptibility. Additional experimental and bioinformatic approaches to integrate data from genetics, epigenetics, and molecular networks may further increase our understanding of LOAD in relation to cholesterol metabolism and trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Kim Dong
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Hyungju Hospital, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-An Gim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; Genetic Engineering Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyeon Yeo
- Department of Neurology, Gyeongsangnam Provincial Yangsan Hospital for the Elderly, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Heui-Soo Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; Genetic Engineering Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
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Meslin EM, Rager JB, Schwartz PH, Quaid KA, Gaffney MM, Duke J, Tierney WH. Benchmarks for ethically credible partnerships between industry and academic health centers: beyond disclosure of financial conflicts of interest. Clin Transl Med 2015; 4:36. [PMID: 26668063 PMCID: PMC4678144 DOI: 10.1186/s40169-015-0077-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Relationships between industry and university-based researchers have been commonplace for decades and have received notable attention concerning the conflicts of interest these relationships may harbor. While new efforts are being made to update conflict of interest policies and make industry relationships with academia more transparent, the development of broader institutional partnerships between industry and academic health centers challenges the efficacy of current policy to effectively manage these innovative partnerships. In this paper, we argue that existing strategies to reduce conflicts of interest are not sufficient to address the emerging models of industry-academic partnerships because they focus too narrowly on financial matters and are not comprehensive enough to mitigate all ethical risk. Moreover, conflict-of-interest strategies are not designed to promote best practices nor the scientific and social benefits of academic-industry collaboration. We propose a framework of principles and benchmarks for "ethically credible partnerships" between industry and academic health centers and describe how this framework may provide a practical and comprehensive approach for designing and evaluating such partnerships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric M Meslin
- Indiana University Center for Bioethics, 410 West 10th Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Joshua B Rager
- Indiana University Center for Bioethics, 410 West 10th Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Peter H Schwartz
- Indiana University Center for Bioethics, 410 West 10th Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Kimberly A Quaid
- Indiana University Center for Bioethics, 410 West 10th Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Margaret M Gaffney
- Indiana University Center for Bioethics, 410 West 10th Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Jon Duke
- Regenstrief Institute Inc., 410 West 10th Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - William H Tierney
- Regenstrief Institute Inc., 410 West 10th Street, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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Neville J, Kopko S, Broadbent S, Avilés E, Stafford R, Solinsky CM, Bain LJ, Cisneroz M, Romero K, Stephenson D. Development of a unified clinical trial database for Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2015; 11:1212-21. [PMID: 25676387 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2014.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Data obtained in completed Alzheimer's disease (AD) clinical trials can inform decision making for future trials. Recognizing the importance of sharing these data, the Coalition Against Major Diseases created an Online Data Repository for AD (CODR-AD) with the aim of supporting accelerated drug development. The aim of this study was to build an open access, standardized database from control arm data collected across many clinical trials. METHODS Comprehensive AD-specific data standards were developed to enable the pooling of data from different sources. Nine member organizations contributed patient-level data from 24 clinical trials of AD treatments. RESULTS CODR-AD consists of control arm pooled and standardized data from 24 trials currently numbered at 6500 subjects; Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale 11 is the main outcome and specific covariates are also included. DISCUSSION CODR-AD represents a unique integrated standardized clinical trials database available to qualified researchers. The pooling of data across studies facilitates a more comprehensive understanding of disease heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Neville
- Coalition Against Major Diseases (CAMD), Critical Path Institute, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - Steve Broadbent
- Coalition Against Major Diseases (CAMD), Critical Path Institute, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Enrique Avilés
- Coalition Against Major Diseases (CAMD), Critical Path Institute, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Robert Stafford
- Coalition Against Major Diseases (CAMD), Critical Path Institute, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - Lisa J Bain
- Independent Science Writer, Elverson, PA, USA
| | - Martin Cisneroz
- Coalition Against Major Diseases (CAMD), Critical Path Institute, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Klaus Romero
- Coalition Against Major Diseases (CAMD), Critical Path Institute, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Diane Stephenson
- Coalition Against Major Diseases (CAMD), Critical Path Institute, Tucson, AZ, USA.
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Morgen K, Ramirez A, Frölich L, Tost H, Plichta MM, Kölsch H, Rakebrandt F, Rienhoff O, Jessen F, Peters O, Jahn H, Luckhaus C, Hüll M, Gertz HJ, Schröder J, Hampel H, Teipel SJ, Pantel J, Heuser I, Wiltfang J, Rüther E, Kornhuber J, Maier W, Meyer-Lindenberg A. Genetic interaction of PICALM and APOE is associated with brain atrophy and cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2014; 10:S269-76. [PMID: 24613704 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2013.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 11/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence has emerged indicating that the ε4 allele of APOE and PICALM interact in conferring risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The biologic basis of this interaction is unclear, but it is likely to have phenotypic relevance and contribute to the structural and clinical heterogeneity of AD. METHODS The aim of this study was to investigate interaction effects of the APOE ε4 allele and the alleles at the single-nucleotide polymorphism rs3851179 located in the PICALM locus. We analyzed brain volumes and cognitive phenotypes of 165 patients with early AD dementia. RESULTS There was a synergistic adverse effect of homozygosity for the PICALM risk allele G in rs3851179 and APOE ε4 on volume in prefrontal and performance on the Trail Making Test A, which is sensitive to processing speed and working memory function. CONCLUSIONS The data suggest a neural mechanism for APOE-PICALM interactions in patients with manifest AD and indicate that the PICALM genotype modulates both brain atrophy and cognitive performance in APOE ε4 carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Morgen
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lutz Frölich
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heike Tost
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael M Plichta
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heike Kölsch
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Fabian Rakebrandt
- Department of Medical Informatics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Otto Rienhoff
- Department of Medical Informatics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Frank Jessen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Friedrich Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Oliver Peters
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Holger Jahn
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Luckhaus
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Hüll
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hermann-Josef Gertz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Johannes Schröder
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Harald Hampel
- Département de Neurologie Institut de la Mémoire et de la Maladie d'Alzheimer, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Hôpital de la Salpétriére Paris, France
| | - Stefan J Teipel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock, Germany
| | - Johannes Pantel
- Institute of General Practice, University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Isabella Heuser
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Eckart Rüther
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Wolfgang Maier
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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