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Besin V, Humardani FM, Yulianti T, Putra SED, Triana R, Justyn M. The Apo gene's genetic variants: hidden role in Asian vascular risk. Neurogenetics 2024; 25:157-164. [PMID: 38625441 DOI: 10.1007/s10048-024-00757-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Vascular risk factors, including diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and obesity, pose significant health threats with implications extending to neuropsychiatric disorders such as stroke and Alzheimer's disease. The Asian population, in particular, appears to be disproportionately affected due to unique genetic predispositions, as well as epigenetic factors such as dietary patterns and lifestyle habits. Existing management strategies often fall short of addressing these specific needs, leading to greater challenges in prevention and treatment. This review highlights a significant gap in our understanding of the impact of genetic screening in the early detection and tailored treatment of vascular risk factors among the Asian population. Apolipoprotein, a key player in cholesterol metabolism, is primarily associated with dyslipidemia, yet emerging evidence suggests its involvement in conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, and obesity. While genetic variants of vascular risk are ethnic-dependent, current evidence indicates that epigenetics also exhibits ethnic specificity. Understanding the interplay between Apolipoprotein and genetics, particularly within diverse ethnic backgrounds, has the potential to refine risk stratification and enhance precision in management. For Caucasian carrying the APOA5 rs662799 C variant, pharmacological interventions are recommended, as dietary interventions may not be sufficient. In contrast, for Asian populations with the same genetic variant, dietary modifications are initially advised. Should dyslipidemia persist, the consideration of pharmaceutical agents such as statins is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Farizky Martriano Humardani
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia.
- Magister in Biomedical Science Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia.
- Bioinformatics Research Center, Indonesian Bioinformatics and Biomolecular, Malang, Indonesia.
| | - Trilis Yulianti
- Prodia Education and Research Institute, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | | | - Rina Triana
- Prodia Clinical Laboratories, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Matthew Justyn
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjajaran, Jatinangor, Indonesia
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Chinese Guidelines for Medical Nutrition Therapy for Patients with Diabetes (2022 Edition). Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2024; 33:118-152. [PMID: 38794974 PMCID: PMC11170023 DOI: 10.6133/apjcn.202406_33(2).0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
Medical nutrition therapy (MNT) is the foundation of the comprehensive treatment of patients with diabetes. In 2010, the Chinese Clinical Nutritionist Center of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association developed the first Chinese guideline on MNT for patients with diabetes, and it was updated in 2015. Since then, new evidence has emerged in the field of MNT and metabolic therapy in patients with diabetes. The Nutrition and Metabolic Management Branch of the China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care organized a team of experts from related institutions, including the Clinical Nutrition Branch of the Chinese Nutrition Society, Chinese Diabetes Society, Chinese Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutri-tion, and Chinese Clinical Nutritionist Center of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association. Their task was to develop the Chinese Guidelines of Medical Nutrition Therapy in Diabetes (2022 Edition) in accordance with the requirements of the Guidelines for the Formulation/Revision of Clinical Guidelines in China (2022 Edition) by combining the questions raised and evidence gathered in clinical practices in China, to guide and standardize the clinical MNT.
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Kim J, Baek Y, Lee S. Consumption of dietary fiber and APOA5 genetic variants in metabolic syndrome: baseline data from the Korean Medicine Daejeon Citizen Cohort Study. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2024; 21:19. [PMID: 38581036 PMCID: PMC10998362 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-024-00793-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Consumption of dietary fiber has been suggested as an important aspect of a healthy diet to reduce the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS), including cardiovascular disease. The role of fiber intake in MetS might differ by individual genetic susceptibility. APOA5 encodes a regulator of plasma triglyceride levels, which impacts the related mechanisms of MetS. This study investigated the association between dietary fiber and the risk of MetS, assessing their associations according to APOA5 genetic variants. METHODS A total of 1985 participants aged 30-55 years were included from a cross-sectional study based on the Korean Medicine Daejeon Citizen Cohort study at baseline (2017-2019). Dietary fiber intake was measured using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. The APOA5 polymorphisms (rs2266788 A > G, rs662799 A > G, and rs651821 T > C) were genotyped using the Asia Precision Medicine Research Array. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). RESULTS A higher consumption of dietary fiber was associated with a lower prevalence of MetS (P = 0.025). Among the components of MetS, an inverse association with dietary fiber was observed in increased waist circumference (OR, 95% CI = 0.60, 0.41-0.88, P for trend = 0.009) and elevated triglycerides (OR, 95% CI = 0.69, 0.50-0.96, P for trend = 0.012). Regarding the interaction with APOA5 genetic variants, a stronger association with dietary fiber intake was shown in G allele carriers of rs662799 than in A/A carriers (OR, 95% CI = 2.34, 1.59-3.44, P for interaction = 0.024) and in C allele carriers of rs651821 than in T/T carriers (OR, 95% CI = 2.35, 1.59-3.46, P for interaction = 0.027). CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study suggest that the benefits of dietary fiber on the risk of MetS could be modified by genetic variants of the APOA5 gene, providing a more effective strategy for preventing MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimi Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Changwon National University, 20 Changwondaehak-ro, Uichang-gu, 51140, Changwon, Gyeongnam, South Korea
| | - Younghwa Baek
- Korean Medicine Data Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, 34054, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Siwoo Lee
- Korean Medicine Data Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-gu, 34054, Daejeon, South Korea.
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Saintila J, Calizaya-Milla YE, Carranza-Cubas SP, Serpa-Barrientos A, Oblitas-Guerrero SM, Ramos-Vera C. Body mass index and healthy lifestyle practices among Peruvian university students: a comparative study among academic discipline. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1361394. [PMID: 38450241 PMCID: PMC10915028 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1361394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Excess body weight and an unhealthy lifestyle are a risk factor for noncommunicable diseases. University students are susceptible to unhealthy habits and obesity. This study compared body mass index (BMI) and healthy lifestyle practices among university students from four academic disciplines: Health Sciences, Business Sciences, Human Sciences and Education, and Engineering/Architecture. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out using a sample of 6,642 university students selected by non-probability convenience sampling. The Diet and Healthy Lifestyle Scale (DEVS), the Peruvian validation of the Vegetarian Lifestyle Index (VLI), was used to assess healthy lifestyle practices. Results Students in the areas of Business Sciences and Engineering/Architecture had a higher BMI than their peers in Health Sciences (B = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.15-0.56 and 0.32, 95% CI: 0.13-0.52; p = 0.001). Additionally, these students tended to adopt less healthy lifestyle (B = -0.11, 95% CI: -0.20 to -0.01 and -0.09, 95% CI: -0.18 to -0.00; p < 0.05) compared to those in Health Sciences. Conclusion Although students of Health Sciences and Human Sciences and Education exhibited healthy lifestyle patterns, there is a clear need to improve eating and living habits in general among the university population to mitigate the risk factors associated with non-communicable diseases.
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Thomas DJ, Shafiee M, Nosworthy MG, Lane G, Ramdath DD, Vatanparast H. Unveiling the Evidence for the Use of Pulses in Managing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Scoping Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:4222. [PMID: 37836506 PMCID: PMC10574713 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a pressing global healthcare challenge. Innovative strategies that integrate superior medical and nutritional practices are essential for holistic care. As such, pulse consumption is encouraged for its potential benefit in reducing hypercholesterolaemia, dyslipidaemia, and triglyceride levels, as well as enhancing glycaemic control. This scoping review aims to assess the depth of evidence supporting the recommendation for pulse consumption in T2DM management and to identify gaps in the existing literature. We conducted a comprehensive search across the databases MEDLINE, Global Health, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library (up to July 2023). We included population-based studies of any design, and excluded review-style articles. Articles published in languages other than English were also excluded. From the 2449 studies initially identified, 28 met our inclusion criteria. Acute postprandial trials demonstrated improved glucose responses and enhanced insulin responses to pulse-based intervention. Meanwhile, long-term trials reported meaningful improvements in T2DM indicators such as haemoglobin A1C (HbA1c), fasting glucose, fasting insulin, C-peptide, and markers of insulin resistance like homeostatic model assessment (HOMA). Integrating more pulses into the diets of diabetic individuals might offer an efficient and cost-effective strategy in the global initiative to combat T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. Thomas
- Caribbean Institute for Health Research, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica;
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 4Z2, Canada
| | - Mojtaba Shafiee
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 4Z2, Canada; (M.S.); (M.G.N.)
| | - Matthew G. Nosworthy
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 4Z2, Canada; (M.S.); (M.G.N.)
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON N1G 5C9, Canada
| | - Ginny Lane
- Margaret Ritchie School of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA;
| | - D. Dan Ramdath
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 4Z2, Canada; (M.S.); (M.G.N.)
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph, ON N1G 5C9, Canada
| | - Hassan Vatanparast
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 4Z2, Canada
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 4Z2, Canada; (M.S.); (M.G.N.)
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Li Z, Yan H, Chen L, Wang Y, Liang J, Feng X, Hui S, Wang K. Effects of whole grain intake on glycemic control: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Diabetes Investig 2022; 13:1814-1824. [PMID: 35678196 PMCID: PMC9623515 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims/Introduction Although mounting evidence has suggested an inverse association between the intake of whole grains and glycemic control, findings from randomized controlled trials are still conflicting. The current study was carried out to evaluate the effect of medium/long‐term whole grain intake on glycemic control in metabolic syndrome and healthy populations. Materials and Methods A literature search was carried out to identify qualified studies up to July 2021. The effects of whole grain consumption on glycemic control were calculated using a fixed effects model. Subgroup analysis was used to study whether grouping factors were important influencing factors of heterogeneity between research results. Results A total of 32 randomized controlled trials with 2,060 participants were included in the analyses. Whole grain consumption showed a significant inverse regulatory effect on fasting glucose concentration, but no significant effect was found for other glycemic measures, such as fasting insulin, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, glycated hemoglobin and 2‐h glucose, in the pooled analysis. Through subgroup analyses, a significant decrease in fasting glucose concentration was observed for studies with a higher whole grain dose, with participants of normal glycemia, and with mixed types of whole grain. Conclusions Medium‐/long‐term whole grain intake reduced the fasting glucose concentration compared with similar refined foods. Appropriate intervention dose and accurate population selection might be the key links for whole grain consumption to exert its glycemic control effect. Thirty‐two RCTs with 2060 participants were included in analyses. The whole grain consumption showed significant inverse regulation effect on fasting glucose concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The General Hospital of Western Theater Command PLA
| | - Hongjia Yan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University
| | - Liying Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Eighth Medical Center, PLA General Hospital
| | - Yixing Wang
- Department of Research, The PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center
| | - Jingjing Liang
- Department of Research, The PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center
| | - Xin Feng
- Department of Research, The PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center
| | - Suocheng Hui
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Research, The PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center
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Effects of an Iranian traditional fermented food consumption on blood glucose, blood pressure, and lipid profile in type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:3367-3375. [PMID: 35511285 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02867-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ash-Kardeh is one of the few fermented foods without a dairy base in Iran, which is traditionally prepared from cereals and plants in the presence of microorganisms (mainly lactic acid bacteria). PURPOSE This study aimed to assess the effects of Ash-Kardeh consumption on blood glucose, lipid profile, and blood pressure in type 2 diabetic patients. METHODS Forty-six patients with type 2 diabetes were studied in this randomized controlled clinical trial. Subjects were randomly allocated into intervention (n = 23) and control (n = 23) groups. Individuals of both groups received the usual treatment of diabetic patients, while those in the intervention group, in addition to the usual treatment, received 250 g of Ash-Kardeh daily for 6 weeks. Fasting blood glucose, blood pressure, and lipid profiles were measured before and after the intervention. RESULTS Compared to the control group, Ash-Kardeh consumption led to a significant decrease in fasting blood glucose (P = 0.003), total cholesterol (P = 0.025), triglyceride (P = 0.003), systolic (P < 0.001), and diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.014) in the intervention group. Also, a significant increase in the concentrations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P = 0.048) was observed after Ash-Kardeh consumption. CONCLUSION It seems that Ash-Kardeh consumption could improve high blood glucose, lipid profile, and hypertension in type 2 diabetic patients but does not affect low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations. This study was registered on 2019-09-15 in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials ( www.irct.ir ) with the code number IRCT20170202032367N3.
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Hafiz MS, Campbell MD, O'Mahoney LL, Holmes M, Orfila C, Boesch C. Pulse consumption improves indices of glycemic control in adults with and without type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of acute and long-term randomized controlled trials. Eur J Nutr 2022; 61:809-824. [PMID: 34585281 PMCID: PMC8854292 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02685-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Findings from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the effect of pulse intake on glycemic control are inconsistent and conclusive evidence is lacking. The aim of this study was to systematically review the impact of pulse consumption on post-prandial and long-term glycemic control in adults with and without type 2 diabetes (T2D). METHODS Databases were searched for RCTs, reporting outcomes of post-prandial and long-term interventions with different pulse types on parameters of glycemic control in normoglycemic and T2D adults. Effect size (ES) was calculated using random effect model and meta-regression was conducted to assess the impact of various moderator variables such as pulse type, form, dose, and study duration on ES. RESULTS From 3334 RCTs identified, 65 studies were eligible for inclusion involving 2102 individuals. In acute RCTs, pulse intake significantly reduced peak post-prandial glucose concentration in participants with T2D (ES - 2.90; 95%CI - 4.60, - 1.21; p ≤ 0.001; I2 = 93%) and without T2D (ES - 1.38; 95%CI - 1.78, - 0.99; p ≤ 0.001; I2 = 86%). Incorporating pulse consumption into long-term eating patterns significantly attenuated fasting glucose in normoglycemic adults (ES - 0.06; 95%CI - 0.12, 0.00; p ≤ 0.05; I2 = 30%). Whereas, in T2D participants, pulse intake significantly lowered fasting glucose (ES - 0.54; 95%CI - 0.83, - 0.24; p ≤ 0.001; I2 = 78%), glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (ES - 0.17; 95%CI - 0.33, 0.00; p ≤ 0.05; I2 = 78) and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (ES - 0.47; 95%CI - 1.25, - 0.31; p ≤ 0.05; I2 = 79%). CONCLUSION Pulse consumption significantly reduced acute post-prandial glucose concentration > 1 mmol/L in normoglycemic adults and > 2.5 mmol/L in those with T2D, and improved a range of long-term glycemic control parameters in adults with and without T2D. PROSPERO REGISTRY NUMBER: (CRD42019162322).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam S Hafiz
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Nutrition, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Matthew D Campbell
- School of Nursing and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Sunderland, Sunderland, UK
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Melvin Holmes
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Caroline Orfila
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Christine Boesch
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
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Abstract
Legumes are an essential food source worldwide. Their high-quality proteins, complex carbohydrates, dietary fiber, and relatively low-fat content make these an important functional food. Known to possess a multitude of health benefits, legume consumption is associated with the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Legume crude protein isolates and purified peptides possess many cardiopreventive properties. Here, we review selected economically valued legumes, their taxonomy and distribution, biochemical composition, and their protein components and the mechanism(s) of action associated with cardiovascular health. Most of the legume protein studies had shown upregulation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor leading to increased binding and uptake, in effect significantly reducing total lipid levels in the blood serum and liver. This is followed by decreased biosynthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids. To understand the relationship of identified genes from legume studies, we performed gene network analysis, pathway, and gene ontology (GO) enrichment. Results showed that the genes were functionally interrelated while enrichment and pathway analysis revealed involvement in lipid transport, fatty acid and triglyceride metabolic processes, and regulatory processes. This review is the first attempt to collate all known mechanisms of action of legume proteins associated with cardiovascular health. This also provides a snapshot of possible targets leading to systems-level approaches to further investigate the cardiometabolic potentials of legumes.
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Gkouskou K, Lazou E, Skoufas E, Eliopoulos AG. Genetically Guided Mediterranean Diet for the Personalized Nutritional Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020355. [PMID: 33503923 PMCID: PMC7912380 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The current consensus for the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is that high-quality diets and adherence to a healthy lifestyle provide significant health benefits. Remarkably, however, there is little agreement on the proportions of macronutrients in the diet that should be recommended to people suffering from pre-diabetes or T2DM. We herein discuss emerging evidence that underscores the importance of gene-diet interactions in the improvement of glycemic biomarkers in T2DM. We propose that we can achieve better glycemic control in T2DM patients by coupling Mediterranean diets to genetic information as a predictor for optimal diet macronutrient composition in a personalized manner. We provide evidence to support this concept by presenting a case study of a T2DM patient who achieved rapid glycemic control when adhered to a personalized, genetically-guided Mediterranean Diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalliopi Gkouskou
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.L.); (E.S.)
- Embiodiagnostics Biology Research Company, 71305 Heraklion, Greece
- Correspondence: (K.G.); (A.G.E.); Tel.: +30-2107462356 (A.G.E.)
| | - Evgenia Lazou
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.L.); (E.S.)
| | - Efstathios Skoufas
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.L.); (E.S.)
| | - Aristides G. Eliopoulos
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias 75, 11527 Athens, Greece; (E.L.); (E.S.)
- Center for New Biotechnologies and Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: (K.G.); (A.G.E.); Tel.: +30-2107462356 (A.G.E.)
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Williams PT. Gene-environment interactions due to quantile-specific heritability of triglyceride and VLDL concentrations. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4486. [PMID: 32161301 PMCID: PMC7066156 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60965-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
"Quantile-dependent expressivity" is a dependence of genetic effects on whether the phenotype (e.g., triglycerides) is high or low relative to its distribution in the population. Quantile-specific offspring-parent regression slopes (βOP) were estimated by quantile regression for 6227 offspring-parent pairs. Quantile-specific heritability (h2), estimated by 2βOP/(1 + rspouse), decreased 0.0047 ± 0.0007 (P = 2.9 × 10-14) for each one-percent decrement in fasting triglyceride concentrations, i.e., h2 ± SE were: 0.428 ± 0.059, 0.230 ± 0.030, 0.111 ± 0.015, 0.050 ± 0.016, and 0.033 ± 0.010 at the 90th, 75th, 50th, 25th, and 10th percentiles of the triglyceride distribution, respectively. Consistent with quantile-dependent expressivity, 11 drug studies report smaller genotype differences at lower (post-treatment) than higher (pre-treatment) triglyceride concentrations. This meant genotype-specific triglyceride changes could not move in parallel when triglycerides were decreased pharmacologically, so that subtracting pre-treatment from post-treatment triglyceride levels necessarily created a greater triglyceride decrease for the genotype with a higher pre-treatment value (purported precision-medicine genetic markers). In addition, sixty-five purported gene-environment interactions were found to be potentially attributable to triglyceride's quantile-dependent expressivity, including gene-adiposity (APOA5, APOB, APOE, GCKR, IRS-1, LPL, MTHFR, PCSK9, PNPLA3, PPARγ2), gene-exercise (APOA1, APOA2, LPL), gene-diet (APOA5, APOE, INSIG2, LPL, MYB, NXPH1, PER2, TNFA), gene-alcohol (ALDH2, APOA5, APOC3, CETP, LPL), gene-smoking (APOC3, CYBA, LPL, USF1), gene-pregnancy (LPL), and gene-insulin resistance interactions (APOE, LPL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul T Williams
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Molecular Biophysics & Integrated Bioimaging Division 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
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Reynolds AN, Akerman AP, Mann J. Dietary fibre and whole grains in diabetes management: Systematic review and meta-analyses. PLoS Med 2020; 17:e1003053. [PMID: 32142510 PMCID: PMC7059907 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibre is promoted as part of a healthy dietary pattern and in diabetes management. We have considered the role of high-fibre diets on mortality and increasing fibre intake on glycaemic control and other cardiometabolic risk factors of adults with prediabetes or diabetes. METHODS AND FINDINGS We conducted a systematic review of published literature to identify prospective studies or controlled trials that have examined the effects of a higher fibre intake without additional dietary or other lifestyle modification in adults with prediabetes, gestational diabetes, type 1 diabetes, and type 2 diabetes. Meta-analyses were undertaken to determine the effects of higher fibre intake on all-cause and cardiovascular mortality and increasing fibre intake on glycaemic control and a range of cardiometabolic risk factors. For trials, meta regression analyses identified further variables that influenced the pooled findings. Dose response testing was undertaken; Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) protocols were followed to assess the quality of evidence. Two multicountry cohorts of 8,300 adults with type 1 or type 2 diabetes followed on average for 8.8 years and 42 trials including 1,789 adults with prediabetes, type 1, or type 2 diabetes were identified. Prospective cohort data indicate an absolute reduction of 14 fewer deaths (95% confidence interval (CI) 4-19) per 1,000 participants over the study duration, when comparing a daily dietary fibre intake of 35 g with the average intake of 19 g, with a clear dose response relationship apparent. Increased fibre intakes reduced glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c; mean difference [MD] -2.00 mmol/mol, 95% CI -3.30 to -0.71 from 33 trials), fasting plasma glucose (MD -0.56 mmol/L, 95% CI -0.73 to -0.38 from 34 trials), insulin (standardised mean difference [SMD] -2.03, 95% CI -2.92 to -1.13 from 19 trials), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA IR; MD -1.24 mg/dL, 95% CI -1.72 to -0.76 from 9 trials), total cholesterol (MD -0.34 mmol/L, 95% CI -0.46 to -0.22 from 27 trials), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (MD -0.17 mmol/L, 95% CI -0.27 to -0.08 from 21 trials), triglycerides (MD -0.16 mmol/L, 95% CI -0.23 to -0.09 from 28 trials), body weight (MD -0.56 kg, 95% CI -0.98 to -0.13 from 18 trials), Body Mass Index (BMI; MD -0.36, 95% CI -0·55 to -0·16 from 14 trials), and C-reactive protein (SMD -2.80, 95% CI -4.52 to -1.09 from 7 trials) when compared with lower fibre diets. All trial analyses were subject to high heterogeneity. Key variables beyond increasing fibre intake were the fibre intake at baseline, the global region where the trials were conducted, and participant inclusion criteria other than diabetes type. Potential limitations were the lack of prospective cohort data in non-European countries and the lack of long-term (12 months or greater) controlled trials of increasing fibre intakes in adults with diabetes. CONCLUSIONS Higher-fibre diets are an important component of diabetes management, resulting in improvements in measures of glycaemic control, blood lipids, body weight, and inflammation, as well as a reduction in premature mortality. These benefits were not confined to any fibre type or to any type of diabetes and were apparent across the range of intakes, although greater improvements in glycaemic control were observed for those moving from low to moderate or high intakes. Based on these findings, increasing daily fibre intake by 15 g or to 35 g might be a reasonable target that would be expected to reduce risk of premature mortality in adults with diabetes.
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MESH Headings
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/diagnosis
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/diet therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/mortality
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/diagnosis
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/diet therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/mortality
- Diet, Diabetic/adverse effects
- Diet, Diabetic/mortality
- Diet, Healthy/adverse effects
- Diet, Healthy/mortality
- Dietary Fiber/administration & dosage
- Dietary Fiber/adverse effects
- Humans
- Nutritive Value
- Protective Factors
- Recommended Dietary Allowances
- Risk Assessment
- Risk Factors
- Risk Reduction Behavior
- Time Factors
- Treatment Outcome
- Whole Grains/adverse effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew N. Reynolds
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand
- Edgar National Centre for Diabetes and Obesity Research, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Ashley P. Akerman
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand
- School of Physical Education, Sports, and Exercise Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Jim Mann
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, New Zealand
- Edgar National Centre for Diabetes and Obesity Research, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Anti-Diabetic Effects and Mechanisms of Dietary Polysaccharides. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24142556. [PMID: 31337059 PMCID: PMC6680889 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24142556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a multifactorial, heterogeneous metabolic disorder, causing various health complications and economic issues, which apparently impacts the human's life. Currently, commercial diabetic drugs are clinically managed for diabetic treatment that has definite side effects. Dietary polysaccharides mainly derive from natural sources, including medicinal plants, grains, fruits, vegetables, edible mushroom, and medicinal foods, and possess anti-diabetic potential. Hence, this review summarizes the effects of dietary polysaccharides on diabetes and underlying molecular mechanisms related to inflammatory factors, oxidative stress, and diabetes in various animal models. The analysis of literature and appropriate data on anti-diabetic polysaccharide from electronic databases was conducted. In vivo and in vitro trials have revealed that treatment of these polysaccharides has hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects, which enhance pancreatic β-cell mass and alleviates β-cell dysfunction. It enhances insulin signaling pathways through insulin receptors and activates the PI3K/Akt pathway, and eventually modulates ERK/JNK/MAPK pathway. In conclusion, dietary polysaccharides can effectively ameliorate hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, low-grade inflammation, and oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and, thus, consumption of polysaccharides can be a valuable choice for diabetic control.
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14
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Evert AB, Dennison M, Gardner CD, Garvey WT, Lau KHK, MacLeod J, Mitri J, Pereira RF, Rawlings K, Robinson S, Saslow L, Uelmen S, Urbanski PB, Yancy WS. Nutrition Therapy for Adults With Diabetes or Prediabetes: A Consensus Report. Diabetes Care 2019; 42:731-754. [PMID: 31000505 PMCID: PMC7011201 DOI: 10.2337/dci19-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 595] [Impact Index Per Article: 119.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alison B Evert
- UW Neighborhood Clinics, UW Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Christopher D Gardner
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center and Stanford Prevention Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - W Timothy Garvey
- Diabetes Research Center, Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
- Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL
| | | | | | - Joanna Mitri
- Section on Clinical, Behavioral and Outcomes Research Lipid Clinic, Adult Diabetes Section, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | | | | | - Laura Saslow
- Department of Health Behavior and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan School of Nursing, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | | | - William S Yancy
- Duke Diet and Fitness Center, Department of Medicine, Duke University Health System, Durham, NC
- Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC
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15
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Franzago M, Fraticelli F, Stuppia L, Vitacolonna E. Nutrigenetics, epigenetics and gestational diabetes: consequences in mother and child. Epigenetics 2019; 14:215-235. [PMID: 30865571 PMCID: PMC6557546 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2019.1582277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is the most common metabolic condition during pregnancy and may result in short- and long-term complications for both mother and offspring. The complexity of phenotypic outcomes seems influenced by genetic susceptibility, nutrient-gene interactions and lifestyle interacting with clinical factors. There is strong evidence that not only the adverse genetic background but also the epigenetic modifications in response to nutritional and environmental factors could influence the maternal hyperglycemia in pregnancy and the foetal metabolic programming. In this view, the correlation between epigenetic modifications and their transgenerational effects represents a very interesting field of study. The present review gives insight into the role of gene variants and their interactions with nutrients in GDM. In addition, we provide an overview of the epigenetic changes and their role in the maternal-foetal transmission of chronic diseases. Overall, the knowledge of epigenetic modifications induced by an adverse intrauterine and perinatal environment could shed light on the potential pathophysiological mechanisms of long-term disease development in the offspring and provide useful tools for their prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marica Franzago
- a Department of Medicine and Aging, School of Medicine and Health Sciences , "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara , Chieti , Italy.,b Molecular Genetics, Unit , CeSI-Met , Chieti , Italy
| | - Federica Fraticelli
- a Department of Medicine and Aging, School of Medicine and Health Sciences , "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara , Chieti , Italy
| | - Liborio Stuppia
- b Molecular Genetics, Unit , CeSI-Met , Chieti , Italy.,c Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences , "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara , Chieti , Italy
| | - Ester Vitacolonna
- a Department of Medicine and Aging, School of Medicine and Health Sciences , "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara , Chieti , Italy
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16
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Legume intake and risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Indian J Gastroenterol 2019; 38:55-60. [PMID: 30796701 DOI: 10.1007/s12664-019-00937-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is known that diet plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis and management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); however, the knowledge on the role of different food groups such as legumes is not enough. METHODS We designed this study to assess the relationship between legume intake and risk of NAFLD in framework of a case-control study among Tehrani adults. One hundred and ninety-six newly diagnosed patients with NAFLD and 803 controls were studied, and their dietary intake was assessed using a valid and reliable food frequency questionnaire. Conditional logistic regression was used to determine the odds ratio (OR) of NAFLD per increase of one serving/week dietary legumes, lentil, and beans adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS In energy-adjusted model, greater intake of legumes, lentils, and beans was associated with a lower risk of NAFLD. These risk associations remained significant after adjusting for all known risk factors of NAFLD. OR of NAFLD in adjusted models for higher dietary intake of legumes, lentils, and beans were 0.73 (0.64-0.84), 0.61 (0.46-0.78), and 0.35 (0.17-0.74), respectively. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that higher intake of total legumes (beans, lentils, and peas) was associated with lower risk of NAFLD.
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17
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Kim M, Yoo HJ, Lee HJ, Lee JH. Longitudinal interaction between APOA5 -1131T>C and overweight in the acceleration of age-related increase in arterial stiffness through the regulation of circulating triglycerides. Hypertens Res 2018; 42:241-248. [DOI: 10.1038/s41440-018-0137-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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18
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Maranhão PA, Bacelar-Silva GM, Ferreira DNG, Calhau C, Vieira-Marques P, Cruz-Correia RJ. Nutrigenomic Information in the openEHR Data Set. Appl Clin Inform 2018; 9:221-231. [PMID: 29590680 DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1635115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The traditional concept of personalized nutrition is based on adapting diets according to individual needs and preferences. Discussions about personalized nutrition have been on since the Human Genome Project, which has sequenced the human genome. Thenceforth, topics such as nutrigenomics have been assessed to help in better understanding the genetic variation influence on the dietary response and association between nutrients and gene expression. Hence, some challenges impaired the understanding about the nowadays important clinical data and about clinical data assumed to be important in the future. OBJECTIVE Finding the main clinical statements in the personalized nutrition field (nutrigenomics) to create the future-proof health information system to the openEHR server based on archetypes, as well as a specific nutrigenomic template. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted in electronic databases such as PubMed. The aim of this systemic review was to list the chief clinical statements and create archetype and templates for openEHR modeling tools, namely, Ocean Archetype Editor and Ocean Template Design. RESULTS The literature search led to 51 articles; however, just 26 articles were analyzed after all the herein adopted inclusion criteria were assessed. Of these total, 117 clinical statements were identified, as well as 27 archetype-friendly concepts. Our group modeled four new archetypes (waist-to-height ratio, genetic test results, genetic summary, and diet plan) and finally created the specific nutrigenomic template for nutrition care. CONCLUSION The archetypes and the specific openEHR template developed in this study gave dieticians and other health professionals an important tool to their nutrigenomic clinical practices, besides a set of nutrigenomic data to clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Alves Maranhão
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems (CINTESIS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Gustavo Marísio Bacelar-Silva
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems (CINTESIS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Duarte Nuno Gonçalves Ferreira
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems (CINTESIS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Conceição Calhau
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems (CINTESIS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Medical Science, Nova de Lisboa University, Nova Medical School, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pedro Vieira-Marques
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems (CINTESIS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ricardo João Cruz-Correia
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems (CINTESIS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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19
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Wang Y, Lu Z, Zhang J, Yang Y, Shen J, Zhang X, Song Y. The APOA5 rs662799 polymorphism is associated with dyslipidemia and the severity of coronary heart disease in Chinese women. Lipids Health Dis 2016; 15:170. [PMID: 27716220 PMCID: PMC5054624 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-016-0343-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The APOA5 rs662799 polymorphism has been widely reported regarding its associations with the plasma lipid levels and the occurrence of coronary heart disease (CHD), whereas its relationship with the severity of CHD has not yet been explored. METHODS Four hundred and seventy-eight angiografically defined subjects (325 CHD patients and 153 CHD-free controls) were enrolled in this study. The rs662799 polymorphism was genotyped, and the fasting lipid data were collected for all participants. The severity of CHD was evaluated for the CHD patients by using Gensini scores. RESULTS The variant C allele of the rs662799 polymorphism was associated with lower levels of HDL-C in CHD-free women, and higher levels of TG and TG/HDL-C in women with CHD (P < 0.05 for all). The C allele was associated with higher prevalence of dyslipidemia and higher levels of Gensini scores only in women (P < 0.05 for both), but not in men. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that the rs662799 polymorphism was independently associated with the Gensini scores in women after adjustment for other potential CHD risk factors (Beta = 0.157, 95 % CI: 0.017-0.298, P = 0.028). CONCLUSION Our data indicate that the rs662799 polymorphism is associated with dyslipidemia and the severity of CHD in Chinese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Zhan Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Jingxiao Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Clinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Jing Shen
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, 68583-0806, NE, USA
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Sichuan Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Yongyan Song
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Preclinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China.
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20
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Associations between explorative dietary patterns and serum lipid levels and their interactions with ApoA5 and ApoE haplotype in patients with recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2016; 15:138. [PMID: 27677442 PMCID: PMC5039878 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-016-0455-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims In patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), responsiveness of serum lipid concentrations to dietary patterns may vary by genotype. The aims of the present study were to identify explorative dietary patterns and to examine their independent associations with serum lipid levels and interactions with apolipoprotein (Apo)A5 and ApoE variants among patients recently diagnosed with T2D. Methods Within a cross-sectional analysis, participants of the German Diabetes Study (n = 348) with mean T2D duration of 6 months were investigated for fasting serum lipid levels, ApoA5 and ApoE genotypes; food consumption frequencies were assessed by a food propensity questionnaire. Dietary patterns were derived using principal component analysis (PCA) and reduced rank regression (RRR), which extracts patterns explaining variation in serum lipid concentrations. Results PCA yielded interpretable dietary patterns which were, however, not related to serum lipid levels. Relevance of the RRR patterns varied by genotype: a preferred consumption of fruit gum, fruit juice, and potato dumpling, whilst avoiding fruits and vegetables independently associated with higher triglyceride levels among ApoA5*2. Patients in the highest compared to the lowest tertile of pattern adherence had 99 % higher triglycerides. Lower consumption frequencies of butter, cream cake, French fries, or high-percentage alcoholic beverages were independently related to lower LDL-cholesterol among ApoE2 carriers, with those in the highest compared to the lowest tertile of pattern adherence having 40 % lower LDL-cholesterol (both Pinteraction < 0.05). Conclusions Our explorative data analyses suggest that associations of dietary patterns with triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol differ by ApoA5 and ApoE haplotype in recently diagnosed T2D. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01055093. Date of registration: January 22, 2010 (retrospectively registered). Date of enrolment of first participant to the trial: September 2005 Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12933-016-0455-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Ali A, Varga TV, Stojkovic IA, Schulz CA, Hallmans G, Barroso I, Poveda A, Renström F, Orho-Melander M, Franks PW. Do Genetic Factors Modify the Relationship Between Obesity and Hypertriglyceridemia? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 9:162-71. [DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.115.001218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background—
Obesity is a major risk factor for dyslipidemia, but this relationship is highly variable. Recently published data from 2 Danish cohorts suggest that genetic factors may underlie some of this variability.
Methods and Results—
We tested whether established triglyceride-associated loci modify the relationship of body mass index (BMI) and triglyceride concentrations in 2 Swedish cohorts (the Gene–Lifestyle Interactions and Complex Traits Involved in Elevated Disease Risk [GLACIER Study; N=4312] and the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study [N=5352]). The genetic loci were amalgamated into a weighted genetic risk score (WGRS
TG
) by summing the triglyceride-elevating alleles (weighted by their established marginal effects) for all loci. Both BMI and the WGRS
TG
were strongly associated with triglyceride concentrations in GLACIER, with each additional BMI unit (kg/m
2
) associated with 2.8% (
P
=8.4×10
–84
) higher triglyceride concentration and each additional WGRS
TG
unit with 2% (
P
=7.6×10
–48
) higher triglyceride concentration. Each unit of the WGRS
TG
was associated with 1.5% higher triglyceride concentrations in normal weight and 2.4% higher concentrations in overweight/obese participants (
P
interaction
=0.056). Meta-analyses of results from the Swedish cohorts yielded a statistically significant WGRS
TG
×BMI interaction effect (
P
interaction
=6.0×10
–4
), which was strengthened by including data from the Danish cohorts (
P
interaction
=6.5×10
–7
). In the meta-analysis of the Swedish cohorts, nominal evidence of a 3-way interaction (WGRS
TG
×BMI×sex) was observed (
P
interaction
=0.03), where the WGRS
TG
×BMI interaction was only statistically significant in females. Using protein–protein interaction network analyses, we identified molecular interactions and pathways elucidating the metabolic relationships between BMI and triglyceride-associated loci.
Conclusions—
Our findings provide evidence that body fatness accentuates the effects of genetic susceptibility variants in hypertriglyceridemia, effects that are most evident in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashfaq Ali
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic & Molecular Epidemiology Unit (A.A., T.V.V., A.P., F.R., P.W.F.) and Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes & Cardiovascular Disease-Genetic Epidemiology (I.A.S., C.-A.S., M.O.-M.), Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; Department of Systems Medicine, Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark (A.A.); Department of Biobank Research (G.H., F.R.) and Department of Public Health & Clinical Medicine (P.W.F.), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Human
| | - Tibor V. Varga
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic & Molecular Epidemiology Unit (A.A., T.V.V., A.P., F.R., P.W.F.) and Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes & Cardiovascular Disease-Genetic Epidemiology (I.A.S., C.-A.S., M.O.-M.), Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; Department of Systems Medicine, Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark (A.A.); Department of Biobank Research (G.H., F.R.) and Department of Public Health & Clinical Medicine (P.W.F.), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Human
| | - Ivana A. Stojkovic
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic & Molecular Epidemiology Unit (A.A., T.V.V., A.P., F.R., P.W.F.) and Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes & Cardiovascular Disease-Genetic Epidemiology (I.A.S., C.-A.S., M.O.-M.), Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; Department of Systems Medicine, Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark (A.A.); Department of Biobank Research (G.H., F.R.) and Department of Public Health & Clinical Medicine (P.W.F.), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Human
| | - Christina-Alexandra Schulz
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic & Molecular Epidemiology Unit (A.A., T.V.V., A.P., F.R., P.W.F.) and Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes & Cardiovascular Disease-Genetic Epidemiology (I.A.S., C.-A.S., M.O.-M.), Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; Department of Systems Medicine, Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark (A.A.); Department of Biobank Research (G.H., F.R.) and Department of Public Health & Clinical Medicine (P.W.F.), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Human
| | - Göran Hallmans
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic & Molecular Epidemiology Unit (A.A., T.V.V., A.P., F.R., P.W.F.) and Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes & Cardiovascular Disease-Genetic Epidemiology (I.A.S., C.-A.S., M.O.-M.), Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; Department of Systems Medicine, Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark (A.A.); Department of Biobank Research (G.H., F.R.) and Department of Public Health & Clinical Medicine (P.W.F.), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Human
| | - Inês Barroso
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic & Molecular Epidemiology Unit (A.A., T.V.V., A.P., F.R., P.W.F.) and Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes & Cardiovascular Disease-Genetic Epidemiology (I.A.S., C.-A.S., M.O.-M.), Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; Department of Systems Medicine, Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark (A.A.); Department of Biobank Research (G.H., F.R.) and Department of Public Health & Clinical Medicine (P.W.F.), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Human
| | - Alaitz Poveda
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic & Molecular Epidemiology Unit (A.A., T.V.V., A.P., F.R., P.W.F.) and Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes & Cardiovascular Disease-Genetic Epidemiology (I.A.S., C.-A.S., M.O.-M.), Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; Department of Systems Medicine, Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark (A.A.); Department of Biobank Research (G.H., F.R.) and Department of Public Health & Clinical Medicine (P.W.F.), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Human
| | - Frida Renström
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic & Molecular Epidemiology Unit (A.A., T.V.V., A.P., F.R., P.W.F.) and Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes & Cardiovascular Disease-Genetic Epidemiology (I.A.S., C.-A.S., M.O.-M.), Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; Department of Systems Medicine, Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark (A.A.); Department of Biobank Research (G.H., F.R.) and Department of Public Health & Clinical Medicine (P.W.F.), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Human
| | - Marju Orho-Melander
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic & Molecular Epidemiology Unit (A.A., T.V.V., A.P., F.R., P.W.F.) and Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes & Cardiovascular Disease-Genetic Epidemiology (I.A.S., C.-A.S., M.O.-M.), Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; Department of Systems Medicine, Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark (A.A.); Department of Biobank Research (G.H., F.R.) and Department of Public Health & Clinical Medicine (P.W.F.), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Human
| | - Paul W. Franks
- From the Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic & Molecular Epidemiology Unit (A.A., T.V.V., A.P., F.R., P.W.F.) and Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes & Cardiovascular Disease-Genetic Epidemiology (I.A.S., C.-A.S., M.O.-M.), Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; Department of Systems Medicine, Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark (A.A.); Department of Biobank Research (G.H., F.R.) and Department of Public Health & Clinical Medicine (P.W.F.), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Human
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Pizzorno L. Personalized Lifestyle Medicine Institute, October 2014: A Seminal Moment in the 21st Century's Transformation of Health Care. Integr Med (Encinitas) 2015; 14:64-71. [PMID: 26770168 PMCID: PMC4712868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
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Supplementation with two probiotic strains, Lactobacillus curvatus HY7601 and Lactobacillus plantarum KY1032, reduces fasting triglycerides and enhances apolipoprotein A-V levels in non-diabetic subjects with hypertriglyceridemia. Atherosclerosis 2015; 241:649-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Abstract
Cereal-based foods are key components of the diet and they dominate most food-based dietary recommendations in order to achieve targets for intake of carbohydrate, protein and dietary fibre. Processing (milling) of grains to produce refined grain products removes key nutrients and phytochemicals from the flour and although in some countries nutrients may be replaced with mandatory fortification, overall this refinement reduces their potential nutritional quality. There is increasing evidence from both observational and intervention studies that increased intake of less-refined, whole-grain (WG) foods has positive health benefits. The highest WG consumers are consistently shown to have lower risk of developing CVD, type 2 diabetes and some cancers. WG consumers may also have better digestive health and are likely to have lower BMI and gain less weight over time. The bulk of the evidence for the benefits of WG comes from observational studies, but evidence of benefit in intervention studies and potential mechanisms of action is increasing. Overall this evidence supports the promotion of WG foods over refined grain foods in the diet, but this would require adoption of standard definitions of 'whole grain' and 'whole-grain foods' which will enable innovation by food manufacturers, provide clarity for the consumer and encourage the implementation of food-based dietary recommendations and public health strategies.
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Abstract
Nutrigenomics is an emerging science which investigates a certain area of nutrition that uses molecular tools to search access and understand the several responses obtained through a certain diet applied between individual and population groups. The increased need for the use of personalised nutrition in patients is increasing and research is being made on its possible effects. However, research on nutrigenomics and in particular, obesity is still ongoing. Following a current metanalysis on thirty-eight nutrigenomics genes, it seems that a definite association between the genes usually examined in nutrigenomics testing and several diet-related diseases is lacking, even though there is a limited number of studies associating them. In 2014, literature search results in a great number of studies on several polymorphisms. This heterogeneity could only show the way towards new research aims. Nutrigenomics was born due to the need to move from Epidemiology and Physiology to Molecular Biology and Genetics. Currently, there are steps that need to be considered in order for nutrigenomics to be applied: the genes, the gene/protein network, and the strategy towards the determination of the nutrients' influence on gene/protein expression. It is certainly an interesting evolving science with many areas to be investigated further and from different perspectives, as it involves ethics, medicine, genetics and nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Pavlidis
- University of Patras, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, Rion Campus, Patras, Greece
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