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Ahmed A, van den Muijsenbergh METC, Vrijhoef HJM. Person-centred care in the Dutch primary care setting: Refinement of middle-range theory by patients and professionals. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0282802. [PMID: 36893112 PMCID: PMC9997984 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In a previous rapid realist review (RRR) of international literature insight was provided into how, why, and under what circumstances person-centred care (PCC) in primary care works (or not) among others for people with low health literacy skills and for people with a diverse ethnic and socioeconomic background, by establishing a middle-range programme theory (PT), which describes the relationship between context items, mechanisms, and outcomes. Since the application of PCC in primary care in the Dutch setting is expected to differ from other countries, the objective of this study is to validate the items (face validity) resulting from the RRR for the Dutch setting by assessing consensus on the relevance of items. Four focus group discussions with patient representatives and patients with limited health literacy skills (n = 14), and primary care professionals (n = 11) were held partly combined with a Delphi-study. Items were added to refine the middle-range PT for the Dutch primary care setting. These items indicated that in order to optimally align care to the patient tailored supporting material that is developed together with the target group is important, next to providing tailored communication. Healthcare providers (HCPs) and patients need to have a shared vision and set up goals and action plans together. HCPs should stimulate patient's self-efficacy, need to be aware of the patient's (social) circumstances and work in a culturally sensitive way. Better integration between information and communications technology systems, flexible payment models, and patients access to documents, and recorded consultations should be in place. This may result in better alignment of care to the needs of patients, improved accessibility to care, improved patient's self-efficacy, and improved health-related quality of life. On the long-term higher cost-effectiveness and a higher quality of healthcare can be realised. In conclusion, this study shows that for PCC to be effective in Dutch primary care, the PT based on international literature was refined by leaving out items and adding new items for which insufficient or sufficient consensus, respectively, was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anam Ahmed
- Panaxea b.v., Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Maria E. T. C. van den Muijsenbergh
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Prevention and Care, Pharos: Dutch Centre of Expertise on Health Disparities, Program Prevention and Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hubertus J. M. Vrijhoef
- Panaxea b.v., Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Patient & Care, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Retzer A, Sivell S, Scott H, Nelson A, Bulbeck H, Seddon K, Grant R, Adams R, Watts C, Aiyegbusi OL, Kearns P, Cruz Rivera S, Dirven L, Baddeley E, Calvert M, Byrne A. Development of a core outcome set and identification of patient-reportable outcomes for primary brain tumour trials: protocol for the COBra study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e057712. [PMID: 36180121 PMCID: PMC9528585 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-057712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Primary brain tumours, specifically gliomas, are a rare disease group. The disease and treatment negatively impacts on patients and those close to them. The high rates of physical and cognitive morbidity differ from other cancers causing reduced health-related quality of life. Glioma trials using outcomes that allow holistic analysis of treatment benefits and risks enable informed care decisions. Currently, outcome assessment in glioma trials is inconsistent, hindering evidence synthesis. A core outcome set (COS) - an agreed minimum set of outcomes to be measured and reported - may address this. International initiatives focus on defining core outcomes assessments across brain tumour types. This protocol describes the development of a COS involving UK stakeholders for use in glioma trials, applicable across glioma types, with provision to identify subsets as required. Due to stakeholder interest in data reported from the patient perspective, outcomes from the COS that can be patient-reported will be identified. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Stage I: (1) trial registry review to identify outcomes collected in glioma trials and (2) systematic review of qualitative literature exploring glioma patient and key stakeholder research priorities. Stage II: semi-structured interviews with glioma patients and caregivers. Outcome lists will be generated from stages I and II. Stage III: study team will remove duplicate items from the outcome lists and ensure accessible terminology for inclusion in the Delphi survey. Stage IV: a two-round Delphi process whereby the outcomes will be rated by key stakeholders. Stage V: a consensus meeting where participants will finalise the COS. The study team will identify the COS outcomes that can be patient-reported. Further research is needed to match patient-reported outcomes to available measures. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval was obtained (REF SMREC 21/59, Cardiff University School of Medicine Research Ethics Committee). Study findings will be disseminated widely through conferences and journal publication. The final COS will be adopted and promoted by patient and carer groups and its use by funders encouraged. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42021236979.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameeta Retzer
- Centre for Patient Reported Outcomes Research, Institute for Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Applied Research Centre, West Midlands, Birmingham, UK
| | - Stephanie Sivell
- Marie Curie Palliative Care Research Centre, Division of Population Medicine, Cardiff University School of Medicine, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Hannah Scott
- Cambridge Public Health, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Annmarie Nelson
- Marie Curie Palliative Care Research Centre, Division of Population Medicine, Cardiff University School of Medicine, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | | | - Robin Grant
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Richard Adams
- Centre for Trials Research, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Colin Watts
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Olalekan Lee Aiyegbusi
- Centre for Patient Reported Outcomes Research, Institute for Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Pamela Kearns
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Samantha Cruz Rivera
- Centre for Patient Reported Outcomes Research, Institute for Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Birmingham Health Partners Centre for Regulatory Science and Innovation, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Linda Dirven
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Medical Centre Haaglanden, Den Haag, The Netherlands
| | - Elin Baddeley
- Marie Curie Palliative Care Research Centre, Division of Population Medicine, Cardiff University School of Medicine, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Melanie Calvert
- Centre for Patient Reported Outcomes Research, Institute for Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Applied Research Centre, West Midlands, Birmingham, UK
| | - Anthony Byrne
- Marie Curie Palliative Care Research Centre, Division of Population Medicine, Cardiff University School of Medicine, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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3
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Consensus on Integrated Care for Older People Among Dutch Experts: A Delphi Study. Int J Integr Care 2021; 21:30. [PMID: 34963759 PMCID: PMC8663748 DOI: 10.5334/ijic.5682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction In a previous rapid realist review (RRR), an initial programme theory (PT) was established giving insight into the interrelatedness of context items, mechanisms, programme-activities, and outcomes that influence integrated care programmes (ICPs) for community-dwelling frail older people. As ICPs need to be tailored to their local setting, the objective of this study is to assess consensus on the relevance of the items identified in the RRR for the Dutch setting, and refine the PT, where appropriate. Methods A two-round e-Delphi study was carried out among Dutch experts to determine the relevance of 71 items. Results Consensus on relevance was reached on 57 out of 71 items (80%). Items added to refine the PT included: increasing number of older people, decreasing access to hospital beds, well-designed ICP implementation processes, case management, having a clear portfolio of patients, the role of the government, aligning existing health and social care systems, management and monitoring of care activities, strong relationship between older person and healthcare providers (HCP), and providing continuous feedback to HCPs. Conclusion and discussion The initial PT was refined for the Dutch setting. Items on which no consensus was found, need to be further investigated on the reason behind it.
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Crosby BT, Behbahani A, Olujohungbe O, Cottam B, Perry D. Developing a core outcome set for paediatric wrist fractures: a systematic review of prior outcomes. Bone Jt Open 2020; 1:121-130. [PMID: 33241222 PMCID: PMC7684392 DOI: 10.1302/2633-1462.15.bjo-2020-0007.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This review aims to summarize the outcomes used to describe effectiveness of treatments for paediatric wrist fractures within existing literature. Method We searched the Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Ovid Medline for studies pertaining to paediatric wrist fractures. Three authors independently identified and reviewed eligible studies. This resulted in a list of outcome domains and outcomes measures used within clinical research. Outcomes were mapped onto domains defined by the COMET collaborative. Results Our search terms identified 4,262 different papers. Screening of titles excluded 2,975, leaving 1,287 papers to be assessed for eligibility. Of this 1,287, 30 studies were included for full analysis. Overall, five outcome domains, 16 outcome measures, and 28 measurement instruments were identified as outcomes within these studies. 24 studies used at least one measurement pertaining to the physiological/clinical outcome domain. The technical, life impact, and adverse effect domains were recorded in 23, 20, and 11 of the studies respectively. Within each domain it was common for different measurement instruments to be used to assess each outcome measure. The most commonly reported outcome measures were range of movement, a broad array of “radiological measures” and pain intensity, which were used in 24, 23, and 12 of the 30 studies. Conclusion This study highlights the heterogeneity in outcomes reported within clinical effectiveness studies of paediatric wrist fractures. We provided an overview of the types of outcomes reported in paediatric wrist fracture studies and identified a list of potentially relevant outcomes required for the development of a core outcome set.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Olivia Olujohungbe
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.,University of Plymouth, Plymouth, England
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A core set of patient-reported outcomes for population-based cancer survivorship research: a consensus study. J Cancer Surviv 2020; 15:201-212. [PMID: 32865766 PMCID: PMC7966135 DOI: 10.1007/s11764-020-00924-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Core outcome sets aim to improve the consistency and quality of research by providing agreed-upon recommendations regarding what outcomes should be measured as a minimum for a population and setting. This study aimed to identify a core set of patient-reported outcomes (PROs) representing the most important issues impacting on cancer survivors' long-term health, functioning, and quality of life, to inform population-based research on cancer survivorship. METHODS In phase I, a list of 46 outcomes was generated through focus groups (n = 5) with cancer survivors (n = 40) and a review of instruments for assessing quality of life in cancer survivorship. In phase II, 69 national experts in cancer survivorship practice, research, policy, and lived experience participated in a two-round Delphi survey to refine and prioritise the listed outcomes into a core outcome set. A consensus meeting was held with a sub-sample of participants to discuss and finalise the included outcomes. RESULTS Twelve outcome domains were agreed upon for inclusion in the core outcome set: depression, anxiety, pain, fatigue, cognitive problems, fear of cancer recurrence or progression, functioning in everyday activities and roles, financial toxicity, coping with cancer, overall bother from side effects, overall quality of life, and overall health status. CONCLUSIONS We established a core set of PROs to standardise assessment of cancer survivorship concerns at a population level. IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS Adoption of the core outcome set will ensure that survivorship outcomes considered important by cancer survivors are assessed as a minimum in future studies. Furthermore, its routine use will optimise the comparability, quality, and usefulness of the data cancer survivors provide in population-based research.
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Baddeley E, Bravington A, Johnson M, Currow DC, Murtagh FE, Boland E, Obita G, Nelson A, Seddon K, Oliver A, Noble S, Boland J. Development of a core outcome set to use in the research and assessment of malignant bowel obstruction: protocol for the RAMBO study. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e039154. [PMID: 32595168 PMCID: PMC7322279 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Studies regarding the management of malignant bowel obstruction (MBO) report conflicting findings. This is partly due to different outcome measures being used to evaluate severity of MBO and the response to treatments. Furthermore, current outcome measures focus mainly on measurable physiological parameters which may not correlate strongly with patient-defined quality of life. The development of core outcome sets allows a consistent approach to evaluating clinical conditions taking into consideration patient, healthcare professional and researcher viewpoints. It follows an internationally recognised standard methodology. We present a protocol for the development of a core outcome set for Research and Assessment of MBO (RAMBO). METHODS RAMBO is a multicentre study, comprising of four phases: a systematic review to examine current scope of outcome measures associated with MBO (phase I). Interviews with patients, companions and healthcare professionals will explore priorities and preferences for care and outcomes (phase II). An expert panel meeting will collate the findings into a set of outcomes (phase III), refined by consensus through a Delphi survey with key stakeholders (phase IV). The final set of outcomes will be ratified at a consensus meeting. Each step will actively include patient partners. Thematic analysis and descriptive statistics will be used to analyse qualitative and quantitative data, respectively. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval was obtained (Wales REC 5, REF: 19/LO/1876). Study participants and relevant stakeholders will be updated with newsletters and a lay summary at the end of the study. Abstracts will be submitted to national and international conferences, result papers will be submitted to peer-reviewed, open access journals. TRIAL AND PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBERS Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials (1402); Systematic Literature Review (CRD42019150648); Rapid Review (CRD42020176393).
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Baddeley
- Marie Curie Palliative Care Research Centre, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Alison Bravington
- Wolfson Palliative Care Research Centre, Hull York Medical School, Hull, UK
| | - Miriam Johnson
- Wolfson Palliative Care Research Centre, Hull York Medical School, Hull, UK
| | - David C Currow
- Wolfson Palliative Care Research Centre, Hull York Medical School, Hull, UK
- University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Fliss Em Murtagh
- Wolfson Palliative Care Research Centre, Hull York Medical School, Hull, UK
| | - Elaine Boland
- Queen's Centre for Oncology and Haematology, Hull, UK
| | | | - Annmarie Nelson
- Marie Curie Palliative Care Research Centre, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Kathy Seddon
- Marie Curie Palliative Care Research Centre, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Alfred Oliver
- Consumer Liaison Group, National Cancer Research Institute, London, UK
- Trans-Humber Consumer Research Panel, Hull, UK
| | - Simon Noble
- Marie Curie Palliative Care Research Centre, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jason Boland
- Wolfson Palliative Care Research Centre, Hull York Medical School, Hull, UK
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7
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Mellett C, O'Donovan A, Hayes C. The development of outcome key performance indicators for systemic anti‐cancer therapy using a modified Delphi method. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2020; 29:e13240. [DOI: 10.1111/ecc.13240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ciara Mellett
- Department of Health National Cancer Control Programme & Sláintecare Programme Implementation Office Dublin Ireland
| | - Anita O'Donovan
- Radiation Therapy Trinity College The University of Dublin Dublin Ireland
| | - Catherine Hayes
- Public Health Trinity College The University of Dublin Dublin Ireland
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8
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Mendez A, Seikaly H, Eurich D, Dzioba A, Aalto D, Osswald M, Harris JR, O'Connell DA, Lazarus C, Urken M, Likhterov I, Chai RL, Rauscher E, Buchbinder D, Okay D, Happonen RP, Kinnunen I, Irjala H, Soukka T, Laine J. Development of a Patient-Centered Functional Outcomes Questionnaire in Head and Neck Cancer. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2020; 146:437-443. [PMID: 32271362 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoto.2019.4788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Importance Incorporation of patient perspectives, or patient-reported outcomes, in functional outcome measures has been gaining prominence in the literature on reconstructive surgery. Objective To create and validate an instrument for measuring the main functional areas of concern for patients with head and neck cancer. Design, Setting, and Participants This 4-phase mixed-methods qualitative study was conducted from July 1, 2013, to June 30, 2016, in a quaternary head and neck oncology center in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Patients were recruited from 3 Head and Neck Research Network sites: University of Alberta (Edmonton, Canada), Mount Sinai Health Network (New York, New York), and University of Turku Hospital (Turku, Finland). The inclusion criteria included 18 years of age or older, diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma involving the subsites of the head and neck (ie, oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx, and larynx), and at least 1 year since treatment completion. Those patients who were undergoing additional active treatment or with evidence of disease recurrence were excluded. Data were analyzed from July 1, 2013, to June 30, 2016. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome measures were the clinical correlation of the Edmonton-33 instrument scores with swallowing, speech, dry mouth, and chewing assessment outcomes. Results In total, 10 patients with head and neck cancer (mean age, 59.6 years; 6 men [60%]) were included in phase 1 of the study, 5 patients (mean age, 55.2 years) were included in phase 2, 10 patients were included in phase 3, and 25 patients with head and neck cancer (mean age, 62.6 years; 14 men [56%]) participated in the phase 4 validation. The Edmonton-33 instrument scores correlated strongly with the swallowing scores of the MD Anderson Dysphagia Inventory (r = 0.77; 95% CI, 0.49-1.0), the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-Head and Neck 35 (EORTC QLQ-H&N35) (r = -0.73; 95% CI, -1.0 to -0.44), and the modified barium swallow test (r = -0.60; 95% CI, -0.94 to -0.25). The instrument scores were also strongly correlated with the Speech Handicap Index scores (r = -0.64; 95% CI, -0.97 to -0.31), word intelligibility scores (r = 0.61; 95% CI, 0.27-0.95), and sentence intelligibility scores (r = 0.55; 95% CI, 0.19-0.91). A moderate to strong correlation was observed between the Edmonton-33 instrument and the EORTC QLQ-H&N35 scores in the dry mouth (r = -0.54; 95% CI, -0.91 to -0.18) and chewing (r = -0.45; 95% CI, -0.84 to -0.06) domains. The factor loading values for the domains of swallowing, speech, dry mouth, and chewing were all greater than 0.3. The mean factor loading values for the items related to swallowing were 0.71 (95% CI, 0.62-0.80) and for the items related to speech were 0.76 (95% CI, 0.72-0.80). The mean factor loading values for the items related to dry mouth were 0.71 (95% CI, 0.59-0.83) and for those related to chewing were 0.77 (95% CI, 0.69-0.85). Conclusions and Relevance The Edmonton-33 appears to be a validated instrument that will allow patients with head and neck cancer to assess and report their own functional outcomes. It could serve as a single comprehensive measure for functional outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Mendez
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hadi Seikaly
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Institute for Reconstructive Sciences in Medicine, Misericordia Community Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Dean Eurich
- School of Public Health, Clinical Epidemiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Agnieszka Dzioba
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Institute for Reconstructive Sciences in Medicine, Misericordia Community Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Daniel Aalto
- Institute for Reconstructive Sciences in Medicine, Misericordia Community Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Rehabilitation Medicine, Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Martin Osswald
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Institute for Reconstructive Sciences in Medicine, Misericordia Community Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,School of Public Health, Clinical Epidemiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jeffrey R Harris
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Institute for Reconstructive Sciences in Medicine, Misericordia Community Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,School of Public Health, Clinical Epidemiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Daniel A O'Connell
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Institute for Reconstructive Sciences in Medicine, Misericordia Community Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,School of Public Health, Clinical Epidemiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Cathy Lazarus
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, New York.,Thyroid, Head and Neck Cancer Foundation, New York, New York
| | - Mark Urken
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, New York.,Thyroid, Head and Neck Cancer Foundation, New York, New York
| | - Ilya Likhterov
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, New York.,Thyroid, Head and Neck Cancer Foundation, New York, New York
| | - Raymond L Chai
- Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, New York.,Thyroid, Head and Neck Cancer Foundation, New York, New York
| | - Erika Rauscher
- Thyroid, Head and Neck Cancer Foundation, New York, New York
| | - Daniel Buchbinder
- Thyroid, Head and Neck Cancer Foundation, New York, New York.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, New York
| | - Devin Okay
- Thyroid, Head and Neck Cancer Foundation, New York, New York.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, New York
| | - Risto-Pekka Happonen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Turku Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Ilpo Kinnunen
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Heikki Irjala
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Tero Soukka
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Turku Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Juhani Laine
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Turku Hospital, Turku, Finland
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sepsis is the leading cause of death in children worldwide and has recently been declared a major global health issue. New interventions and a concerted effort to enhance our understanding of sepsis are required to address the huge burden of disease, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) where it is highest. An opportunity therefore exists to ensure that ongoing research in this area is relevant to all stakeholders and is of consistently high quality. One method to address these issues is through the development of a core outcome set (COS). METHODS AND ANALYSIS This study protocol outlines the phases in the development of a core outcome set for paediatric sepsis in LMIC. The first step involves performing a systematic review of all outcomes reported in the research of paediatric sepsis in low middle-income countries. A three-stage international Delphi process will then invite a broad range of participants to score each generated outcome for inclusion into the COS. This will include an initial two-step online survey and finally, a face-to-face consensus meeting where each outcome will be reviewed, voted on and ratified for inclusion into the COS. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION No core outcome sets exist for clinical trials in paediatric sepsis. This COS will serve to not only highlight the heavy burden of paediatric sepsis in this setting and aid collaboration and participation between all stakeholders, but to promote ongoing essential high quality and relevant research into the topic. A COS in paediatric sepsis in LMIC will advocate for a common language and facilitate interpretation of findings from a variety of settings. A waiver for ethics approval has been granted by University of British Columbia Children's and Women's Research Ethics Board.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin Wooldridge
- Pediatric Critical Care, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Srinivas Murthy
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Niranjan Kissoon
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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10
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Ramsey I, Corsini N, Hutchinson AD, Marker J, Eckert M. Development of a Core Set of Patient-Reported Outcomes for Population-Based Cancer Survivorship Research: Protocol for an Australian Consensus Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2020; 9:e14544. [PMID: 32012089 PMCID: PMC7013638 DOI: 10.2196/14544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Core outcome sets seek to improve the consistency and quality of research by providing agreed-upon recommendations regarding what outcomes should be measured as a minimum for a population and setting. The problems arising from a lack of outcome standardization in population-based cancer survivorship research indicate the need for agreement on a core set of patient-reported outcomes (PROs) to enhance data quality, consistency, and comparability. OBJECTIVE This study aims to identify a core set of PROs, representing the most important issues impacting on cancer survivors' long-term health, functioning and quality of life, to inform population-based research on cancer survivorship. METHODS In Phase I, a list of all potentially important outcomes will be generated through focus group discussions with cancer survivors and a review of measures for assessing quality of life in cancer survivorship. The consolidated list will be advanced to Phase II, where a stakeholder consensus process will be conducted with national experts in cancer survivorship to refine and prioritize the outcomes into a core outcome set. The process will consist of a two-round Delphi survey and a consensus meeting. Cancer survivors, oncology health care professionals, and potential end users of the core outcome set with expertise in cancer survivorship research or policy will be invited to participate. In Phase III, recommended measures for assessment of the core outcome set will be selected with advice from experts on the assessment, analysis, and interpretation of PROs. RESULTS As of April 2019, data collection for Phase I is complete and data analysis is underway. These data will inform the list of outcomes to be advanced into Phase II. Recruitment for Phase II will commence in June 2019, and it is anticipated that it will take 6 months to complete the three-step consensus process and identify a provisional core outcome set. The study results are expected to be published in early 2020. CONCLUSIONS Expert consensus-driven recommendations on outcome measurement will facilitate the inclusion of survivorship outcomes considered important by cancer survivors and health professionals in future research. Adoption of the core outcome set will enable comparison and synthesis of evidence across studies and enhance the quality of PRO data collected in cancer survivorship research, particularly when applied to address macro-level questions. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/14544.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imogen Ramsey
- Rosemary Bryant AO Research Centre, School of Nursing and Midwifery and UniSA Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Nadia Corsini
- Rosemary Bryant AO Research Centre, School of Nursing and Midwifery and UniSA Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Amanda D Hutchinson
- School of Psychology, Social Work and Social Policy, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Julie Marker
- Cancer Voices South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Marion Eckert
- Rosemary Bryant AO Research Centre, School of Nursing and Midwifery and UniSA Cancer Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
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Foley KA, Venkatraman T, Ram B, Ells L, van Sluijs E, Hargreaves DS, Greaves F, Taghavi Azar Sharabiani M, Viner RM, Bottle A, Saxena S. Protocol for developing a core outcome set for evaluating school-based physical activity interventions in primary schools. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e031868. [PMID: 31852702 PMCID: PMC6937029 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Primary school-based physical activity interventions, such as The Daily Mile initiative, have the potential to increase children's physical activity levels over time, which is associated with a variety of health benefits. Comparing interventions or combining results of several studies of a single intervention is challenging because previous studies have examined different outcomes or used different measures that are not feasible or relevant for researchers in school settings. The development and implementation of a core outcome set (COS) for primary school-based physical activity interventions would ensure outcomes important to those involved in implementing and evaluating interventions are standardised. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Our aim is to develop a COS for studies of school-based physical activity interventions. We will achieve this by undertaking a four-stage process:(1) identify a list of outcomes assessed in studies through a systematic review of international literature; (2) establish domains from these outcomes to produce questionnaire items; (3) prioritise outcomes through a two-stage Delphi survey with four key stakeholder groups (researchers, public health professionals, educators and parents), where stakeholders rate the importance of each outcome on a 9-point Likert scale (consensus that the outcomes should be included in the COS will be determined as 70% or more of all stakeholders scoring the outcome 7%-9% and 15% or less scoring 1 to 3); (4) achieve consensus on a final COS in face-to-face meetings with a sample of stakeholders and primary school children. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION We have received ethical approval from Imperial College London (ref: 19IC5428). The results of this study will be disseminated via conference presentations/public health meetings, peer-reviewed publications and through appropriate media channels. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials Initiative (COMET) number: 1322.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley A Foley
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Tishya Venkatraman
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Bina Ram
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Louisa Ells
- Centre for Public Health Research, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, North Yorkshire, UK
| | | | - Dougal S Hargreaves
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Felix Greaves
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Science and Strategic Information, Public Health England, London, UK
| | | | - Russell M Viner
- Population, Policy and Practice Research Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Alex Bottle
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sonia Saxena
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Spargo M, Ryan C, Downey D, Hughes C. Development of a core outcome set for trials investigating the long-term management of bronchiectasis. Chron Respir Dis 2018; 16:1479972318804167. [PMID: 30278785 PMCID: PMC6301837 DOI: 10.1177/1479972318804167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneity in outcomes measured in trials limits accurate comparison of bronchiectasis studies. A core outcome set (COS) is an agreed, standardized set of outcomes that should be measured in trials for specific clinical areas. A COS for bronchiectasis could encourage consistency in future studies. An overview of systematic reviews and qualitative study on outcome selection in bronchiectasis informed an initial list of outcomes. A Delphi panel (n = 86) rated the importance of each outcome from 1 to 9 in 3 sequential questionnaires, as a means to achieve consensus: 1–3 = ‘of limited importance’; 4–6 = ‘important, but not critical’; and 7–9 = ‘critical’. Outcomes rated ‘critical’ by ≥70% of the panel were added to the COS. Eighty-two participants responded to the first questionnaire. Attrition between each questionnaire was 5%. After 3 rounds of questioning, 18 outcomes exceeded the threshold for consensus and were included in the COS. This study has achieved consensus on 18 outcomes that should be measured in trials of interventions for bronchiectasis. Selection of the highest ranked outcomes may represent a pragmatic means for comparison. Further research is required to condense the number of outcomes selected and to determine its relevance to interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen Spargo
- 1 School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Cristín Ryan
- 2 The School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panoz Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Damian Downey
- 3 Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland.,4 Regional Respiratory Centre, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Carmel Hughes
- 1 School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
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13
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Mather M, Hamilton D, Robalino S, Rousseau N. Going where other methods cannot: A systematic mapping review of 25 years of qualitative research in Otolaryngology. Clin Otolaryngol 2018; 43:1443-1453. [DOI: 10.1111/coa.13200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M.W. Mather
- Institute of Cellular Medicine; Newcastle University; Newcastle-upon-Tyne UK
- Freeman Hospital; Newcastle-upon-Tyne UK
| | - D. Hamilton
- Freeman Hospital; Newcastle-upon-Tyne UK
- Institute of Health & Society; Newcastle University; Newcastle-upon-Tyne UK
| | - S. Robalino
- Institute of Health & Society; Newcastle University; Newcastle-upon-Tyne UK
- Kaiser Permanente Research Affiliates Evidence-based Practice Center; Center for Health Research; Portland Oregon
| | - N. Rousseau
- Institute of Health & Society; Newcastle University; Newcastle-upon-Tyne UK
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Qualitative focus groups with stakeholders identify new potential outcomes related to vaccination communication. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201145. [PMID: 30067802 PMCID: PMC6070264 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Communication interventions are widely used to promote childhood vaccination and sustain vaccine acceptance, but communication’s role in changing people’s beliefs and behaviours is not well understood. To determine why these interventions work or where they fail, evaluations must measure a range of outcomes in addition to vaccination uptake. As part of a larger project to develop a preliminary Core Outcome Set for vaccination communication, we conducted a qualitative focus group study exploring how parents and health professionals perceive and experience communication encounters and what outcomes are relevant to them. Methods Focus group participants included parents and health professionals involved in vaccination communication (healthcare providers, researchers and policymakers). Participants discussed their experiences with communication for childhood vaccination, and what made the communication ‘successful’ or 'unsuccessful.' Our analysis involved two stages: first, we thematically analysed the discussions, identifying key parent and professional themes. In stage two, we used an interpretive analysis approach to translate the themes and quotes into measurable outcomes. We compared these outcomes with outcomes measured in vaccination communication trials (previously identified and mapped). Results We held three focus groups with parents (n = 12) and four with professionals (n = 19). In stage one, we identified six parent themes (primarily related to decision-making) and five professional themes (primarily related to intervention planning, delivery and evaluation). In stage two, we translated 47 outcomes from parents and 73 from professionals (91 total, de-duplicated). All stakeholders discussed attitudes or beliefs and decision-making outcomes most frequently. Most (66%) of the focus group-generated outcomes were not measured in vaccination communication trials. Conclusion Consulting with stakeholders through focus groups allowed us to explore how parents and professionals experienced vaccination communication, identify those aspects of the experience that were important to them, and translate these into outcomes that can be prioritised into a Core Outcome Set and measured in intervention evaluations.
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Gonçalves AC, Marques A, Demain S, Samuel D. Development of a core outcome set to evaluate physical activity interventions for people living with dementia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERAPY AND REHABILITATION 2018. [DOI: 10.12968/ijtr.2018.25.7.346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Carolina Gonçalves
- Clinical doctoral research fellow and physiotherapist, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, UK; Solent NHS Trust, UK
| | - Alda Marques
- Senior lecturer, Lab 3R – Respiratory Research and Rehabilitation Laboratory, School of Health Sciences and Institute for Biomedicine, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sara Demain
- Associate professor, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, UK
| | - Dinesh Samuel
- Lecturer, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, UK
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Dorman SL, Shelton JA, Stevenson RA, Linkman K, Kirkham J, Perry DC. Management of medial humeral epicondyle fractures in children: a structured review protocol for a systematic review of the literature and identification of a core outcome set using a Delphi survey. Trials 2018; 19:119. [PMID: 29458402 PMCID: PMC5819271 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-018-2472-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Medial humeral epicondyle fractures of the elbow are one of the most common injuries in childhood and often require surgery. There are currently no standardised outcome measures to assess progress after an elbow injury in a child. Wide variation in currently reported outcomes makes comparison of treatment difficult. This study aims to identify outcome measures that have previously been reported in studies evaluating the management of medial epicondyle fractures in children and to facilitate the development of a consensus core outcome set (COS) suitable for use in all future studies of medial humeral epicondyle fractures in children. Methods/design This study will include a systematic review of the academic literature to identify a list of outcome measures that have previously been reported. The list of outcome measures will be used in a consensus setting exercise with focus groups of key stakeholders to identify key outcomes. A Delphi process to include two rounds will then be used to define the most important outcomes to all stakeholders forming the COS. Discussion Core outcomes represent the minimum expected data reported for a specific condition and will improve the quality of future studies reducing bias, allowing easier comparison and enhancing opportunities for larger meta-analysis. It is anticipated that this COS will form part of the feasibility to a National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment (HTA)-funded trial concerning the management of elbow fractures in children. Trial registration Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials Initiative (COMET), registration number:949. Registered on 17 January 2017. Prospero International prospective register of systematic reviews, registration number: CRD 42017057912. Registered on 16 April 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara L Dorman
- Health Education North West (Mersey Sector), Summers Rd, Liverpool, L3 4BL, UK
| | - James A Shelton
- Health Education North West (Mersey Sector), Summers Rd, Liverpool, L3 4BL, UK
| | - Robert Allen Stevenson
- Clinical Academic Paediatric Orthopaedic Fellow, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Liverpool, L12 2AP, UK
| | - Kenneth Linkman
- Henry Cohen Library, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GL, UK
| | - Jamie Kirkham
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Block F Waterhouse Building, 1-5 Brownlow Street, Liverpool, L69 3GL, UK
| | - Daniel C Perry
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, L693BX, Liverpool, L12 2AP, UK.
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Grooten L, Borgermans L, Vrijhoef HJM. An Instrument to Measure Maturity of Integrated Care: A First Validation Study. Int J Integr Care 2018; 18:10. [PMID: 29588644 PMCID: PMC5853880 DOI: 10.5334/ijic.3063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lessons captured from interviews with 12 European regions are represented in a new instrument, the B3-Maturity Model (B3-MM). B3-MM aims to assess maturity along 12 dimensions reflecting the various aspects that need to be managed in order to deliver integrated care. The objective of the study was to test the content validity of B3-MM as part of SCIROCCO (Scaling Integrated Care into Context), a European Union funded project. METHODS A literature review was conducted to compare B3-MM's 12 dimensions and their measurement scales with existing measures and instruments that focus on assessing the development of integrated care. Subsequently, a three-round survey conducted through a Delphi study with international experts in the field of integrated care was performed to test the relevance of: 1) the dimensions, 2) the maturity indicators and 3) the assessment scale used in B3-MM. RESULTS The 11 articles included in the literature review confirmed all the dimensions described in the original version of B3-MM. The Delphi study rounds resulted in various phrasing amendments of indicators and assessment scale. Full agreement among the experts on the relevance of the 12 B3-MM dimensions, their indicators, and assessment scale was reached after the third Delphi round. CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION The B3-MM dimensions, maturity indicators and assessment scale showed satisfactory content validity. While the B3-MM is a unique instrument based on existing knowledge and experiences of regions in integrated care, further testing is needed to explore other measurement properties of B3-MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liset Grooten
- Department of Family Medicine and Chronic Care, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, B-1090 Brussels, BE
| | - Liesbeth Borgermans
- Department of Family Medicine and Chronic Care, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, B-1090 Brussels, BE
| | - Hubertus JM Vrijhoef
- Department of Family Medicine and Chronic Care, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, B-1090 Brussels, BE
- Department Patient and Care, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, NL
- Panaxea B.V., Amsterdam, NL
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Smith P, Cooper N, Dhillon-Smith R, O’Toole E, Clark TJ, Coomarasamy A. Core Outcome Sets in Miscarriage Trials (COSMisT) study: a study protocol. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e018535. [PMID: 29150474 PMCID: PMC5701979 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-018535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION 'Core outcome sets' are an agreed, standardised set of outcomes based on what key stakeholders (clinicians, patients, their partners, researchers, service developers, funding organisations and so on) consider the important outcomes in the management or prevention of a condition. This paper describes the rationale and design for the development of Core Outcome Sets for Miscarriage Trials. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Systematic reviews, interviews and focus groups with patients and their partners will be conducted to identify potential core outcomes that will be introduced into a modified Delphi survey. To ensure all key stakeholders are included, patients, partners, clinicians, charities and researchers will be invited to take part in the modified Delphi survey. There will be three rounds of scoring and rescoring during the Delphi survey to reach consensus regarding outcomes to be included in the core set, which will be subsequently refined through face-to-face consensus discussions. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The use of core outcome sets allows results from different studies to be compared and combined, thereby reducing inconsistency and aiding interpretation of study findings. It also means research is more likely to report relevant outcomes and so can reduce reporting bias. Understanding which outcomes are important to patients has the potential to act as a driver to improve both the quality and cost-effectiveness of miscarriage services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Smith
- Academic Department, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham Women’s Hospital, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
| | - Natalie Cooper
- Women’s Health Research Unit, Barts and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London and Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Rima Dhillon-Smith
- Academic Department, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham Women’s Hospital, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
| | - Emily O’Toole
- Women’s Voices Involvement Panel, Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, London, UK
| | - T Justin Clark
- Academic Department, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham Women’s Hospital, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
| | - Arri Coomarasamy
- Academic Department, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham Women’s Hospital, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
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Manera KE, Tong A, Craig JC, Brown EA, Brunier G, Dong J, Dunning T, Mehrotra R, Naicker S, Pecoits-Filho R, Perl J, Wang AY, Wilkie M, Howell M, Sautenet B, Evangelidis N, Shen JI, Johnson DW. Standardized Outcomes in Nephrology-Peritoneal Dialysis (SONG-PD): Study Protocol for Establishing a Core Outcome Set in PD. Perit Dial Int 2017; 37:639-647. [PMID: 28765167 PMCID: PMC5878088 DOI: 10.3747/pdi.2017.00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Worldwide, approximately 11% of patients on dialysis receive peritoneal dialysis (PD). Whilst PD may offer more autonomy to patients compared with hemodialysis, patient and caregiver burnout, technique failure, and peritonitis remain major challenges to the success of PD. Improvements in care and outcomes are likely to be mediated by randomized trials of innovative therapies, but will be limited if the outcomes measured and reported are not important for patients and clinicians. The aim of the Standardised Outcomes in Nephrology-Peritoneal Dialysis (SONG-PD) study is to establish a set of core outcomes for trials in patients on PD based on the shared priorities of all stakeholders, so that outcomes of most relevance for decision-making can be evaluated, and that interventions can be compared reliably. METHODS The 5 phases in the SONG-PD project are: a systematic review to identify outcomes and outcome measures that have been reported in randomized trials involving patients on PD; focus groups using nominal group technique with patients and caregivers to identify, rank, and describe reasons for their choice of outcomes; semi-structured key informant interviews with health professionals; a 3-round international Delphi survey involving a multi-stakeholder panel; and a consensus workshop to review and endorse the proposed set of core outcome domains for PD trials. DISCUSSION The establishment of 3 to 5 high-priority core outcomes, to be measured and reported consistently in all trials in PD, will enable patients and clinicians to make informed decisions about the relative effectiveness of interventions, based upon outcomes of common importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine E Manera
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Kidney Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Sydney, Australia
| | - Allison Tong
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Kidney Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jonathan C Craig
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Kidney Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Sydney, Australia
| | - Edwina A Brown
- Imperial College Renal and Transplant Centre, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Gillian Brunier
- Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jie Dong
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | | | - Rajnish Mehrotra
- Kidney Research Institute and Harborview Medical Center, Division of Nephrology/Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sarala Naicker
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Roberto Pecoits-Filho
- School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Jeffrey Perl
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Angela Y Wang
- Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Martin Wilkie
- Department of Nephrology, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Martin Howell
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Kidney Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Sydney, Australia
| | - Benedicte Sautenet
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Kidney Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Sydney, Australia
- University François Rabelais, Tours, France, Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Tours Hospital, Tours, France, INSERM, Tours, France
| | - Nicole Evangelidis
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Kidney Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jenny I Shen
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - David W Johnson
- Centre for Kidney Disease Research, University of Queensland at Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- Metro South and Ipswich Nephrology and Transplant Services (MINTS), Brisbane, Australia
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Evangelidis N, Tong A, Manns B, Hemmelgarn B, Wheeler DC, Tugwell P, Crowe S, Harris T, Van Biesen W, Winkelmayer WC, Sautenet B, O’Donoghue D, Tam-Tham H, Youssouf S, Mandayam S, Ju A, Hawley C, Pollock C, Harris DC, Johnson DW, Rifkin DE, Tentori F, Agar J, Polkinghorne KR, Gallagher M, Kerr PG, McDonald SP, Howard K, Howell M, Craig JC. Developing a Set of Core Outcomes for Trials in Hemodialysis: An International Delphi Survey. Am J Kidney Dis 2017; 70:464-475. [DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2016.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Kaufman J, Ryan R, Lewin S, Bosch-Capblanch X, Glenton C, Cliff J, Oyo-Ita A, Muloliwa AM, Oku A, Ames H, Rada G, Cartier Y, Hill S. Identification of preliminary core outcome domains for communication about childhood vaccination: An online Delphi survey. Vaccine 2017; 36:6520-6528. [PMID: 28835344 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Communication interventions for childhood vaccination are promising strategies to address vaccine hesitancy, but current research is limited by the outcomes measured. Most studies measure only vaccination-related outcomes, with minimal consideration of vaccine hesitancy-relevant intermediate outcomes. This impedes understanding of which interventions or elements are effective. It is also unknown which outcomes are important to the range of stakeholders affected by vaccine hesitancy. Outcome selection shapes the evidence base, informing future interventions and trials, and should reflect stakeholder priorities. Therefore, our aim was to identify which outcome domains (i.e. broad outcome categories) are most important to different stakeholders, identifying preliminary core outcome domains to inform evaluation of three common vaccination communication types: (i) communication to inform or educate, (ii) remind or recall, and (iii) enhance community ownership. METHODS We conducted a two-stage online Delphi survey, involving four stakeholder groups: parents or community members, healthcare providers, researchers, and government or non-governmental organisation representatives. Participants rated the importance of eight outcome domains for each of the three communication types. They also rated specific outcomes within one domain ("attitudes or beliefs") and provided feedback about the survey. RESULTS Collectively, stakeholder groups prioritised outcome domains differently when considering the effects of different communication types. For communication that aims to (i) inform or educate, the most important outcome domain is "knowledge or understanding"; for (ii) reminder communication, "vaccination status and behaviours"; and for (iii) community engagement communication, "community participation". All stakeholder groups rated most outcome domains as very important or critical. The highest rated specific outcome within the "attitudes or beliefs" domain was "trust". CONCLUSION This Delphi survey expands the field of core outcomes research and identifies preliminary core outcome domains for measuring the effects of communication about childhood vaccination. The findings support the argument that vaccination communication is not a single homogenous intervention - it has a range of purposes, and vaccination communication evaluators should select outcomes accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Kaufman
- Centre for Health Communication and Participation, Health Sciences 2, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia.
| | - Rebecca Ryan
- Centre for Health Communication and Participation, Health Sciences 2, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia.
| | - Simon Lewin
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Boks 7004, St Olavs plass, 0130 Oslo, Norway; Health Systems Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, P.O. Box 19070, 7505 Tygerberg, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Xavier Bosch-Capblanch
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, P.O. Box CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Petersplatz 1, CH-4003 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Claire Glenton
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Boks 7004, St Olavs plass, 0130 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Julie Cliff
- Faculdade de Medicina, Eduardo Mondlane University, CP 257 Maputo, Mozambique.
| | - Angela Oyo-Ita
- University of Calabar, PMB 1115 Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria.
| | - Artur Manuel Muloliwa
- Provincial Directorate of Health, Av. Samora Machel n° 1016 R/C, C.P. N° 14, Nampula, Mozambique.
| | - Afiong Oku
- University of Calabar, PMB 1115 Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria.
| | - Heather Ames
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Boks 7004, St Olavs plass, 0130 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Gabriel Rada
- Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Avda. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 340, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Yuri Cartier
- International Union for Health Promotion and Education, 42 Boulevard de la Libération, 93203 Saint-Denis, France.
| | - Sophie Hill
- Centre for Health Communication and Participation, Health Sciences 2, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia.
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Williamson PR, Altman DG, Bagley H, Barnes KL, Blazeby JM, Brookes ST, Clarke M, Gargon E, Gorst S, Harman N, Kirkham JJ, McNair A, Prinsen CAC, Schmitt J, Terwee CB, Young B. The COMET Handbook: version 1.0. Trials 2017; 18:280. [PMID: 28681707 PMCID: PMC5499094 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-017-1978-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1057] [Impact Index Per Article: 151.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The selection of appropriate outcomes is crucial when designing clinical trials in order to compare the effects of different interventions directly. For the findings to influence policy and practice, the outcomes need to be relevant and important to key stakeholders including patients and the public, health care professionals and others making decisions about health care. It is now widely acknowledged that insufficient attention has been paid to the choice of outcomes measured in clinical trials. Researchers are increasingly addressing this issue through the development and use of a core outcome set, an agreed standardised collection of outcomes which should be measured and reported, as a minimum, in all trials for a specific clinical area.Accumulating work in this area has identified the need for guidance on the development, implementation, evaluation and updating of core outcome sets. This Handbook, developed by the COMET Initiative, brings together current thinking and methodological research regarding those issues. We recommend a four-step process to develop a core outcome set. The aim is to update the contents of the Handbook as further research is identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula R. Williamson
- MRC North West Hub for Trials Methodology Research, Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Block F Waterhouse Building, 1-5 Brownlow Street, Liverpool, L69 3GL UK
| | - Douglas G. Altman
- Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Heather Bagley
- MRC North West Hub for Trials Methodology Research, Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Block F Waterhouse Building, 1-5 Brownlow Street, Liverpool, L69 3GL UK
| | - Karen L. Barnes
- MRC North West Hub for Trials Methodology Research, Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Block F Waterhouse Building, 1-5 Brownlow Street, Liverpool, L69 3GL UK
| | - Jane M. Blazeby
- MRC ConDuCT II Hub for Trials Methodology Research, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Sara T. Brookes
- MRC ConDuCT II Hub for Trials Methodology Research, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Mike Clarke
- Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK
- National University of Ireland Galway and HRB Trials Methodology Research Network, Galway, Ireland
| | - Elizabeth Gargon
- MRC North West Hub for Trials Methodology Research, Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Block F Waterhouse Building, 1-5 Brownlow Street, Liverpool, L69 3GL UK
| | - Sarah Gorst
- MRC North West Hub for Trials Methodology Research, Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Block F Waterhouse Building, 1-5 Brownlow Street, Liverpool, L69 3GL UK
| | - Nicola Harman
- MRC North West Hub for Trials Methodology Research, Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Block F Waterhouse Building, 1-5 Brownlow Street, Liverpool, L69 3GL UK
| | - Jamie J. Kirkham
- MRC North West Hub for Trials Methodology Research, Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Block F Waterhouse Building, 1-5 Brownlow Street, Liverpool, L69 3GL UK
| | - Angus McNair
- MRC ConDuCT II Hub for Trials Methodology Research, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Cecilia A. C. Prinsen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jochen Schmitt
- Center for Evidence-based Healthcare, Medizinische Fakultät, Technische Univesität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Caroline B. Terwee
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bridget Young
- MRC North West Hub for Trials Methodology Research, Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Block F Waterhouse Building, 1-5 Brownlow Street, Liverpool, L69 3GL UK
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Jones JE, Jones LL, Keeley TJH, Calvert MJ, Mathers J. A review of patient and carer participation and the use of qualitative research in the development of core outcome sets. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172937. [PMID: 28301485 PMCID: PMC5354261 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To be meaningful, a core outcome set (COS) should be relevant to all stakeholders including patients and carers. This review aimed to explore the methods by which patients and carers have been included as participants in COS development exercises and, in particular, the use and reporting of qualitative methods. Methods In August 2015, a search of the Core Outcomes Measures in Effectiveness Trials (COMET) database was undertaken to identify papers involving patients and carers in COS development. Data were extracted to identify the data collection methods used in COS development, the number of health professionals, patients and carers participating in these, and the reported details of qualitative research undertaken. Results Fifty-nine papers reporting patient and carer participation were included in the review, ten of which reported using qualitative methods. Although patients and carers participated in outcome elicitation for inclusion in COS processes, health professionals tended to dominate the prioritisation exercises. Of the ten qualitative papers, only three were reported as a clear pre-designed part of a COS process. Qualitative data were collected using interviews, focus groups or a combination of these. None of the qualitative papers reported an underpinning methodological framework and details regarding data saturation, reflexivity and resource use associated with data collection were often poorly reported. Five papers reported difficulty in achieving a diverse sample of participants and two reported that a large and varied range of outcomes were often identified by participants making subsequent rating and ranking difficult. Conclusions Consideration of the best way to include patients and carers throughout the COS development process is needed. Additionally, further work is required to assess the potential role of qualitative methods in COS, to explore the knowledge produced by different qualitative data collection methods, and to evaluate the time and resources required to incorporate qualitative methods into COS development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet E. Jones
- Institute of Applied Health Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Laura L. Jones
- Institute of Applied Health Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | | | - Melanie J. Calvert
- Institute of Applied Health Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Mathers
- Institute of Applied Health Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Chiarotto A, Ostelo RW, Turk DC, Buchbinder R, Boers M. Core outcome sets for research and clinical practice. Braz J Phys Ther 2017; 21:77-84. [PMID: 28460714 PMCID: PMC5537457 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjpt.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This masterclass introduces the topic of core outcome sets, describing rationale and methods for developing them, and providing some examples that are relevant for clinical research and practice. METHOD A core outcome set is a minimum consensus-based set of outcomes that should be measured and reported in all clinical trials for a specific health condition and/or intervention. Issues surrounding outcome assessment, such as selective reporting and inconsistency across studies, can be addressed by the development of a core set. As suggested by key initiatives in this field (i.e. OMERACT and COMET), the development requires achieving consensus on: (1) core outcome domains and (2) core outcome measurement instruments. Different methods can be used to reach consensus, including: literature systematic reviews to inform the process, qualitative research with clinicians and patients, group discussions (e.g. nominal group technique), and structured surveys (e.g. Delphi technique). Various stakeholders should be involved in the process, with particular attention to patients. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Several COSs have been developed for musculoskeletal conditions including a longstanding one for low back pain, IMMPACT recommendations on outcomes for chronic pain, and OMERACT COSs for hip, knee and hand osteoarthritis. There is a lack of COSs for neurological, geriatric, cardio-respiratory and pediatric conditions, therefore, future research could determine the value of developing COSs for these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Chiarotto
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, EMGO(+) Institute for Health and Care Research, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, EMGO(+) Institute for Health and Care Research, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
| | - Raymond W Ostelo
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, EMGO(+) Institute for Health and Care Research, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, EMGO(+) Institute for Health and Care Research, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dennis C Turk
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Center for Pain Research in Impact, Measurement and Effectiveness, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Rachelle Buchbinder
- Monash Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Cabrini Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Maarten Boers
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, EMGO(+) Institute for Health and Care Research, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, VU Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Grant S, Pedersen ER, Osilla KC, Kulesza M, D'Amico EJ. Reviewing and interpreting the effects of brief alcohol interventions: comment on a Cochrane review about motivational interviewing for young adults. Addiction 2016; 111:1521-7. [PMID: 26508301 PMCID: PMC5057341 DOI: 10.1111/add.13136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cochrane recently published a systematic review on motivational interviewing (MI) for alcohol misuse in young adults. The review authors concluded that 'there are no substantive, meaningful benefits of MI interventions for the prevention of alcohol misuse' (p. 2), as effect sizes were 'small and unlikely to be of any meaningful benefit in practice' (p. 27). As most of these interventions were quite brief, we wish to open a dialogue about interpreting effect sizes in this review and of (brief) alcohol interventions more generally. ANALYSIS We analyze four methodological aspects of the review that likely influenced the author's conclusions about intervention effects: (1) risk of bias assessments, (2) search strategies, (3) assessing the quality of the body of evidence and (4) definitions of sustainability and clinical significance. CONCLUSIONS We interpret the effect sizes found in this review to indicate modest yet beneficial and potentially meaningful effects of these interventions, given their brevity and low cost. This interpretation is consistent with other reviews on brief, MI-based interventions and brief interventions more generally. We therefore encourage the field to re-open dialogue about the clinical importance of the effects of MI on alcohol misuse by young adults. Rather than dismissing interventions with small effects, we believe a more fruitful way forward for the field would be to catalogue effect sizes for various alcohol interventions. Such a catalogue would help stakeholders themselves to choose which interventions meet their minimum desired impact, and thus may be suitable given their targeted populations, setting and resources.
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Young B, Bagley H. Including patients in core outcome set development: issues to consider based on three workshops with around 100 international delegates. RESEARCH INVOLVEMENT AND ENGAGEMENT 2016; 2:25. [PMID: 29507761 PMCID: PMC5831887 DOI: 10.1186/s40900-016-0039-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
PLAIN ENGLISH SUMMARY This commentary article describes three interactive workshops that explored how patients can contribute to decisions about what outcomes are measured in clinical trials across the world. Outcomes like quality of life, side-effects and pain are used in trials to measure whether a treatment is effective. Here, we outline how research groups are increasingly coming together to develop 'core outcomes sets' for particular conditions. Core outcome sets are lists of agreed outcomes. Their use will help in identifying which treatments are effective by enabling people to compare the findings of different clinical trials in the same condition. Currently, it is often very difficult to make these comparisons because different studies often measure different outcomes. Delegates attending the workshops included patients, clinicians and researchers. They discussed ways of making core outcome set development more meaningful and accessible for patients, and ensuring that they have a genuine say in the development process. This article summarises these discussions and concludes by identifying three distinctive challenges in securing patient input to core outcome set development: the process and objectives can seem far removed from the immediate concerns of patients, difficulties can arise in securing patient input on an international scale, and difficulties can also arise in bringing multiple stakeholder groups together to achieve consensus. While patient participation, involvement and engagement in core outcome set development can draw on lessons from other research areas, these distinctive challenges point to the need for distinctive solutions to enable meaningful patient input to core outcome set development. ABSTRACT Background This article describes three workshops that explored how patients can contribute to decisions about what outcomes are measured in clinical trials. People need evidence about what treatments are best for particular health conditions. The strongest evidence comes from systematic reviews comparing outcomes across different studies of treatments for a particular condition. However, it is often difficult to do these comparisons because the different studies-even though they have all investigated the same condition-often measure different outcomes. To tackle this problem, research teams are increasingly coming together to develop core outcome sets (COS) for particular conditions or treatments. The goal is that across the world, all the research teams working on the same condition or treatment will then use the COS in their research.Main body We report on three interactive workshops that explored how patients and the public can contribute to decision making about what outcomes should be included in a COS. About 100 international delegates, including researchers, clinicians and patients, attended the workshops. The workshops were held in the United Kingdom, Italy and Canada as part of the COMET (Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials) Initiative annual meetings. Patients who had some experience as research advisors, collaborators, partners or co-ordinators facilitated the workshops together with a researcher. Notes made during each workshop informed the preparation of this article. Workshop discussion focussed on ways of making core outcome set development more meaningful and accessible for patients. Delegates wanted patients to have a genuine say, alongside other stakeholders, in what outcomes are included in COS. Delegates felt that key to ensuring this is recognising that patient participation in COS development alone is not enough, and that patients will also need to be involved in the design of COS development studies.Conclusion We conclude by pointing to some distinctive challenges in including patients in COS development. While the COS development community can draw on the lessons learnt from other research areas about patient participation, involvement and engagement, the distinctive challenges that arise in COS development point to the need for some distinctive solutions too.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget Young
- Institute of Psychology Health and Society / North West Hub for Trials Methodology Research, University of Liverpool, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, L69 3GB United Kingdom
| | - Heather Bagley
- Clinical Trials Research Centre / The COMET Initiative, Alder Hey Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Institute of Child Health, University of Liverpool, Eaton Road, Liverpool, L12 2AP United Kingdom
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Keeley T, Williamson P, Callery P, Jones LL, Mathers J, Jones J, Young B, Calvert M. The use of qualitative methods to inform Delphi surveys in core outcome set development. Trials 2016; 17:230. [PMID: 27142835 PMCID: PMC4855446 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-016-1356-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Core outcome sets (COS) help to minimise bias in trials and facilitate evidence synthesis. Delphi surveys are increasingly being used as part of a wider process to reach consensus about what outcomes should be included in a COS. Qualitative research can be used to inform the development of Delphi surveys. This is an advance in the field of COS development and one which is potentially valuable; however, little guidance exists for COS developers on how best to use qualitative methods and what the challenges are. This paper aims to provide early guidance on the potential role and contribution of qualitative research in this area. We hope the ideas we present will be challenged, critiqued and built upon by others exploring the role of qualitative research in COS development. This paper draws upon the experiences of using qualitative methods in the pre-Delphi stage of the development of three different COS. Using these studies as examples, we identify some of the ways that qualitative research might contribute to COS development, the challenges in using such methods and areas where future research is required. Results Qualitative research can help to identify what outcomes are important to stakeholders; facilitate understanding of why some outcomes may be more important than others, determine the scope of outcomes; identify appropriate language for use in the Delphi survey and inform comparisons between stakeholder data and other sources, such as systematic reviews. Developers need to consider a number of methodological points when using qualitative research: specifically, which stakeholders to involve, how to sample participants, which data collection methods are most appropriate, how to consider outcomes with stakeholders and how to analyse these data. A number of areas for future research are identified. Conclusions Qualitative research has the potential to increase the research community’s confidence in COS, although this will be dependent upon using rigorous and appropriate methodology. We have begun to identify some issues for COS developers to consider in using qualitative methods to inform the development of Delphi surveys in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Keeley
- Centre for Patient Reported Outcomes Research, Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England.
| | - P Williamson
- Department of Biostatistics, MRC North West Hub for Trials Methodology Research, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, England
| | - P Callery
- Midwifery and Social Work, School of Nursing, University of Manchester, Manchester, England
| | - L L Jones
- Centre for Patient Reported Outcomes Research, Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England
| | - J Mathers
- Centre for Patient Reported Outcomes Research, Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England
| | - J Jones
- Centre for Patient Reported Outcomes Research, Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England
| | - B Young
- Department of Psychological Sciences and MRC North West Hub for Trials Methodology Research, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, England
| | - M Calvert
- Centre for Patient Reported Outcomes Research, Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England
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Evangelidis N, Craig JC, Tong A. STANDARDISED OUTCOMES IN NEPHROLOGY-HAEMODIALYSIS (SONG-HD): USING THE DELPHI METHOD TO GAIN CONSENSUS ON CORE OUTCOMES FOR HAEMODIALYSIS TRIALS. J Ren Care 2015; 41:211-2. [DOI: 10.1111/jorc.12144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Evangelidis
- Sydney School of Public Health; The University of Sydney; NSW Australia 2006
- Centre for Kidney Research; The Children's Hospital at Westmead; NSW Australia 2145
| | - Jonathan C Craig
- Sydney School of Public Health; The University of Sydney; NSW Australia 2006
- Centre for Kidney Research; The Children's Hospital at Westmead; NSW Australia 2145
| | - Allison Tong
- Sydney School of Public Health; The University of Sydney; NSW Australia 2006
- Centre for Kidney Research; The Children's Hospital at Westmead; NSW Australia 2145
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Gillies K, Entwistle V, Treweek SP, Fraser C, Williamson PR, Campbell MK. Evaluation of interventions for informed consent for randomised controlled trials (ELICIT): protocol for a systematic review of the literature and identification of a core outcome set using a Delphi survey. Trials 2015; 16:484. [PMID: 26507504 PMCID: PMC4624669 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-015-1011-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The process of obtaining informed consent for participation in randomised controlled trials (RCTs) was established as a mechanism to protect participants against undue harm from research and allow people to recognise any potential risks or benefits associated with the research. A number of interventions have been put forward to improve this process. Outcomes reported in trials of interventions to improve the informed consent process for decisions about trial participation tend to focus on the ‘understanding’ of trial information. However, the operationalization of understanding as a concept, the tools used to measure it and the timing of the measurements are heterogeneous. A lack of clarity exists regarding which outcomes matter (to whom) and why. This inconsistency between studies results in difficulties when making comparisons across studies as evidenced in two recent systematic reviews of informed consent interventions. As such, no optimal method for measuring the impact of these interventions aimed at improving informed consent for RCTs has been identified. Methods/Design The project will adopt and adapt methodology previously developed and used in projects developing core outcome sets for assessment of clinical treatments. Specifically, the work will consist of three stages: 1) A systematic methodology review of existing outcome measures of trial informed consent interventions; 2) Interviews with key stakeholders to explore additional outcomes relevant for trial participation decisions; and 3) A Delphi study to refine the core outcome set for evaluation of trial informed consent interventions. All stages will include the stakeholders involved in the various aspects of RCT consent: users (that is, patients), developers (that is, trialists), deliverers (focusing on research nurses) and authorisers (that is, ethics committees). A final consensus meeting including all stakeholders will be held to review outcomes. Discussion The ELICIT study aims to develop a core outcome set for the evaluation of interventions intended to improve informed consent for RCTs for use in future RCTs and reviews, thereby improving the reliability and consistency of research in this area. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13063-015-1011-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Gillies
- Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Health Sciences Building, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZB, UK.
| | - Vikki Entwistle
- Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Health Sciences Building, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZB, UK.
| | - Shaun P Treweek
- Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Health Sciences Building, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZB, UK.
| | - Cynthia Fraser
- Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Health Sciences Building, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZB, UK.
| | - Paula R Williamson
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Shelley's Cottage, Brownlow Street, Liverpool, L69 3GS, UK.
| | - Marion K Campbell
- Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Health Sciences Building, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZB, UK.
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Tong A, Manns B, Hemmelgarn B, Wheeler DC, Tugwell P, Winkelmayer WC, van Biesen W, Crowe S, Kerr PG, Polkinghorne KR, Howard K, Pollock C, Hawley CM, Johnson DW, McDonald SP, Gallagher MP, Urquhart-Secord R, Craig JC. Standardised outcomes in nephrology - Haemodialysis (SONG-HD): study protocol for establishing a core outcome set in haemodialysis. Trials 2015; 16:364. [PMID: 26285819 PMCID: PMC4543451 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-015-0895-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic kidney disease is a significant contributor to mortality and morbidity worldwide, and the number of people who require dialysis or transplantation continues to increase. People on dialysis are 15 times more likely to die than the general population. Dialysis is also costly, intrusive, and time-consuming and imposes an enormous burden on patients and their families. This escalating problem has spurred a proliferation of trials in dialysis, yet health and quality of life remain poor. The reasons for this are complex and varied but are attributable in part to problems in the design and reporting of studies, particularly outcome selection. Problems related to outcomes include use of unvalidated surrogates, outcomes of little or no relevance to patients, highly variable outcome selection limiting comparability across studies, and bias in reporting outcomes. The aim of the Standardised Outcomes in Nephrology-Haemodialysis (SONG-HD) study is to establish a core outcome set for haemodialysis trials, to improve the quality of reporting, and the relevance of trials conducted in people on haemodialysis. Methods/design SONG-HD is a five-phase project that includes the following: a systematic review to identify outcomes that have been reported in haemodialysis systematic reviews and trials; nominal group technique with patients and caregivers to identify, rank, and describe reasons for their choices; qualitative stakeholder interviews with patients, caregivers, clinicians, researchers, and policy makers to elicit individual values and perspectives on outcomes for haemodialysis trials; a three-round Delphi survey with stakeholder groups to distil and generate a prioritised list of core outcomes; and a consensus workshop to establish a core outcome set for haemodialysis trials. Discussion Establishing a core outcome set to be consistently measured and reported in haemodialysis trials will improve the integrity, transparency, usability, and contribution of research relevant to patients requiring haemodialysis; ensure that outcomes of relevance to all stakeholders are consistently reported across trials; and mitigate against outcome reporting bias. Ultimately, patients will be more protected from potential harm, patients and clinicians will be better able to make informed decisions about treatment, and researchers and policy makers will be more able to maximise the value of research to the public
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Tong
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia. .,Centre for Kidney Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Braden Manns
- Departments of Medicine and Community Health Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute and O'Brien Institute of Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
| | - Brenda Hemmelgarn
- Departments of Medicine and Community Health Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute and O'Brien Institute of Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
| | - David C Wheeler
- Centre for Nephrology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Peter Tugwell
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
| | | | - Wim van Biesen
- Renal Division, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Sally Crowe
- Crowe Associates, Ltd, Oxon, United Kingdom.
| | - Peter G Kerr
- Monash Medical Centre and Monash University, Clayton, Australia.
| | - Kevan R Polkinghorne
- Monash Medical Centre and Monash University, Clayton, Australia. .,Department of Epidemiology and Preventative Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Kirsten Howard
- The Institute for Choice, University of South Australia, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Carol Pollock
- Renal Division, Kolling Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Carmel M Hawley
- Queesland School of Medicine, University of Queensland at Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia. .,Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia. .,Metro South and Ipswich Nephrology and Transplant Services (MINTS), Brisbane, Australia.
| | - David W Johnson
- Queesland School of Medicine, University of Queensland at Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia. .,Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia. .,Metro South and Ipswich Nephrology and Transplant Services (MINTS), Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Stephen P McDonald
- Central Northern Adelaide Renal and Transplantation Service, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia. .,Faculty of Health Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Martin P Gallagher
- Concord Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia. .,Renal and Metabolic Division, The George Institute, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Rachel Urquhart-Secord
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia. .,Centre for Kidney Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Jonathan C Craig
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia. .,Centre for Kidney Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, Sydney, Australia.
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Main BG, Blencowe N, Williamson PR, Blazeby JM. RE: Recommended patient-reported core set of symptoms to measure in adult cancer treatment trials. J Natl Cancer Inst 2015; 107:dju506. [PMID: 25663693 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/dju506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Barry G Main
- Centre for Surgical Research, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, UK (BGM, NB, JMB); Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, UK (PRW); Division of Surgery, Head and Neck, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, UK (NB, JMB).
| | - Natalie Blencowe
- Centre for Surgical Research, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, UK (BGM, NB, JMB); Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, UK (PRW); Division of Surgery, Head and Neck, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, UK (NB, JMB)
| | - Paula R Williamson
- Centre for Surgical Research, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, UK (BGM, NB, JMB); Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, UK (PRW); Division of Surgery, Head and Neck, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, UK (NB, JMB)
| | - Jane M Blazeby
- Centre for Surgical Research, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, UK (BGM, NB, JMB); Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, UK (PRW); Division of Surgery, Head and Neck, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, UK (NB, JMB)
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Chiarotto A, Terwee CB, Deyo RA, Boers M, Lin CWC, Buchbinder R, Corbin TP, Costa LOP, Foster NE, Grotle M, Koes BW, Kovacs FM, Maher CG, Pearson AM, Peul WC, Schoene ML, Turk DC, van Tulder MW, Ostelo RW. A core outcome set for clinical trials on non-specific low back pain: study protocol for the development of a core domain set. Trials 2014; 15:511. [PMID: 25540987 PMCID: PMC4308079 DOI: 10.1186/1745-6215-15-511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low back pain (LBP) is one of the most disabling and costly disorders affecting modern society, and approximately 90% of patients are labelled as having non-specific LBP (NSLBP). Several interventions for patients with NSLBP have been assessed in clinical trials, but heterogeneous reporting of outcomes in these trials has hindered comparison of results and performance of meta-analyses. Moreover, there is a risk of selective outcome reporting bias. To address these issues, the development of a core outcome set (COS) that should be measured in all clinical trials for a specific health condition has been recommended. A standardized set of outcomes for LBP was proposed in 1998, however, with evolution in COS development methodology, new instruments, interventions, and understanding of measurement properties, it is appropriate to update that proposal. This protocol describes the methods used in the initial step in developing a COS for NSLBP, namely, establishing a core domain set that should be measured in all clinical trials. METHODS/DESIGN An International Steering Committee including researchers, clinicians, and patient representatives from four continents was formed to guide the development of this COS. The approach of initiatives like Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials (COMET) and Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) was followed. Participants were invited to participate in a Delphi study aimed at generating a consensus-based core domain set for NSLBP. A list of potential core domains was drafted and presented to the Delphi participants who were asked to judge which domains were core. Participant suggestions about overlap, aggregation, or addition of potential core domains were addressed during the study. The patients' responses were isolated to assess whether there was substantial disagreement with the rest of the Delphi panel. A priori thresholds for consensus were established before each Delphi round. All participants' responses were analysed from a quantitative and qualitative perspective to ascertain that no substantial discrepancies between the two approaches emerged. DISCUSSION We present the initial step in developing a COS for NSLBP. The next step will be to determine which measurement instruments adequately cover the domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Chiarotto
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Earth & Life Sciences, EMGO+ Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University, de Boelelaan 1085, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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