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Nkadimeng M, Engelbrecht A, Rajan S. Workplace violence in three public sector emergency departments, Gauteng, South Africa: A cross-sectional survey. Afr J Emerg Med 2024; 14:252-257. [PMID: 39291136 PMCID: PMC11407051 DOI: 10.1016/j.afjem.2024.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Workplace violence against healthcareworkers in Emergency Departments (EDs) is a global concern. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and types of workplace violence in EDs. Methods a cross-sectional survey was conducted in three public sector hospital EDs in Gauteng, South Africa. A self-administered, standardised online questionnaire developed by the World Health organization was used to collect data between March and November 2022. A total of 65 healthcareworkers which consisted of nurses (24) and doctors (41) participated in the study. Results The prevalence of workplace violence was 73.8 % with verbal abuse being the most common type at 66 %. Eighty-two percent of the victims did not report the incident. Poor communication and lack of mutual respect among staff and healthcare users contributed to both physical and non-physical workplace violence. Conclusion Workplace violence appears to be a common occurrence in EDs in the hospitals surveyed in Gauteng. It is regarded as a typical incident by respondents, and it is underreported. It has a direct negative impact on healthcareworkers and their working environment and indirectly on patients. Urgent attention from all stakeholders is needed to minimize the prevalence of these incidents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahlako Nkadimeng
- Division of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Arcadia, South Africa
| | - Andreas Engelbrecht
- Division of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Arcadia, South Africa
| | - Suma Rajan
- Division of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Arcadia, South Africa
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Nelson S, Ayaz B, Baumann AL, Dozois G. A gender-based review of workplace violence amongst the global health workforce-A scoping review of the literature. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 4:e0003336. [PMID: 38954697 PMCID: PMC11218983 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0003336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Workplace violence (WPV) impacts all levels of the health workforce, including the individual provider, organization, and society. While there is a substantial body of literature on various aspects of WPV against the health workforce, gender-based WPV (GB-WPV) has received less attention. Violence in both the workplace and broader society is rooted in gendered socio-economic, cultural, and institutional factors. Developing a robust understanding of GB-WPV is crucial to explore the differing experiences, responses, and outcomes of GB-WPV with respect to gender. We conducted a scoping review and report on the prevalence and risk factors of GB-WPV in healthcare settings globally. The review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). We registered the scoping review protocol on the Open Science Framework on January 14, 2022, at https://osf.io/t4pfb/. A systematic search was conducted of empirical literature in five health and social science databases. Of 13667, 226 studies were included in the analysis. Across the studies, more women than men experienced non-physical violence, including verbal abuse, sexual harassment, and bullying. Men experienced more physical violence compared to women. Younger age, less experience, shifting duties, specific clinical settings, lower professional status, organizational hierarchy, and minority status were found to be sensitive to gender, reflecting women's structural disadvantages in the workplace. Given the high prevalence and impact of GB-WPV on women, we provided recommendations to address systemic issues in clinical practice, academia, policy, and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sioban Nelson
- Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Basnama Ayaz
- Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrea L. Baumann
- Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Graham Dozois
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Gedik Ö, Ülke Şimdi R, Kıbrıs Ş, (Sivuk) DK. The relationship between workplace violence, emotional exhaustion, job satisfaction and turnover intention among nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Res Nurs 2023; 28:448-466. [PMID: 38144966 PMCID: PMC10741263 DOI: 10.1177/17449871231182837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Workplace violence is a major issue in society, business and healthcare settings. It adversely affects both employee safety and their ability to provide healthcare services. Aim This study examined the association between workplace violence, emotional exhaustion, job satisfaction and turnover intention among nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods We collected data from 513 nurses. We conducted 'Process Macro' analysis. Firstly, we included three mediators in the model: job satisfaction, workplace violence and emotional exhaustion. Secondly, we used work hours and anxiety as moderators of the relationship between workplace violence and turnover intention. Results The findings revealed statistical significance that job satisfaction and workplace violence mediated the relationship between emotional exhaustion and nurse turnover intentions. Work hours and anxiety also moderated the relationship between workplace violence and nurses' turnover intention. Conclusion Respondents indicated that they were most affected by verbal violence during this time. Workplace violence is a negative factor that affects nurses' work, affecting them physically and psychologically. This occupational risk should be considered when evaluating nurses exposed to violence, as it affects job satisfaction and turnover intentions. The main theoretical contribution of this research is the identification of the association between workplace violence, emotional exhaustion, job satisfaction and turnover intention among nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is clear that the research findings will be useful for healthcare professionals. The findings may have practical implications for healthcare administrators and their staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özlem Gedik
- Research Assistant, Healthcare Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - Refika Ülke Şimdi
- Research Assistant, Healthcare Management, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Şerife Kıbrıs
- Instructor, Medical Documentation and Secretarial, Arac Rafet Vergili Vocational School, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Turkey
| | - Derya Kara (Sivuk)
- Professor, Healthcare Management, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli University, Ankara, Turkey
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Chazel M, Alonso S, Price J, Kabani S, Demattei C, Fabbro-Peray P. Violence against nurses in the emergency department: an observational study. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e067354. [PMID: 37015789 PMCID: PMC10083775 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-067354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the number and risk factors of violent events encountered in the emergency department. An observation grid was developed following interviews with emergency department staff to target the most pertinent information to collect in a prospective study design. DESIGN Observational study. SETTING Emergency department of a tertiary hospital in France. OUTCOME MEASURES Number of violent events occurring during a single shift, recorded over 6 months by two observers. Information collected included time and date of incident; number of male/female staff; number of patients and accompaniers present in the service and the waiting room and length of staff debriefing. Perpetrator, victim and patient information were collected. Victims were followed-up 72 hours later. RESULTS Eighty-two periods were observed between November 2015 and April 2016 recording 35 violent incidents affecting 37 perpetrators and 48 victims, equally distributed over the days of the week and months of the year. The median interval until violence was 0 [0-96] min from entry. Eight (23%) events were officially reported, with two (6%) resulting in charges being pressed. No risk factors were significantly associated with violent incidents in multivariate analysis, although there was a tendency towards significance for fewer senior female doctors present (p=0.0787) and a resulting longer debriefing session (p=0.0712). CONCLUSIONS We confirm the high rate of violence in the emergency department and poor level of official reporting. Strategies should be implemented to anticipate and reduce incidence and encourage reporting by affected staff. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT02116439.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muriel Chazel
- Department of Cardiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nimes, Nimes, Languedoc-Roussillon, France
| | - Sandrine Alonso
- Department of Biostatistics, Clinical Epidemiology, Public Health and Innovation in Methodology (BESPIM), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nimes, Nimes, Languedoc-Roussillon, France
| | - Jane Price
- Nursing Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nimes, Nimes, Languedoc-Roussillon, France
| | - Sarah Kabani
- Department of Biostatistics, Clinical Epidemiology, Public Health and Innovation in Methodology (BESPIM), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nimes, Nimes, France
| | - Christophe Demattei
- Department of Biostatistics, Clinical Epidemiology, Public Health and Innovation in Methodology (BESPIM), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nimes, Nimes, Languedoc-Roussillon, France
| | - Pascale Fabbro-Peray
- Department of Biostatistics, Clinical Epidemiology, Public Health and Innovation in Methodology (BESPIM), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nimes, Nimes, Languedoc-Roussillon, France
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Yan S, Feng J, Gan Y, Wang R, Song X, Luo Z, Han X, Lv C. Prevalence and predictors of workplace violence against emergency physicians in China: a cross-sectional study. HUMAN RESOURCES FOR HEALTH 2023; 21:8. [PMID: 36755287 PMCID: PMC9907873 DOI: 10.1186/s12960-022-00784-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Workplace violence (WPV) is considered a global problem, particularly in the health sector; however, no studies have assessed the national prevalence of WPV against emergency physicians and the associated factors in China. METHODS A national cross-sectional survey was conducted in 31 provinces/autonomous regions/municipalities across China between July 2019 and September 2019. A total of 15 455 emergency physicians were selected using a multistage stratified random sampling method. A structured self-administered questionnaire was used to collect information on WPV and potential associated factors among emergency physicians. Descriptive and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify the predictors of WPV. RESULTS A total of 14 848 emergency physicians responded effectively (effective response rate: 96.07%). Of the respondents, 90.40%, 51.45%, and 90.00% reported exposure to any type of WPV, physical or nonphysical violence in the preceding year, respectively. Verbal aggression (87.25%) was the most common form of violence, followed by threat (71.09%), physical assault (48.24%), verbal sexual harassment (38.13%), and sexual assault (19.37%). Patients' families were the main perpetrators of these incidents. Unmet patient needs, taking drugs or drinking, and long waiting times were the main contributors to WPV. Physicians who were from low-developed regions, female, and without shift work were less likely to have experienced any type of WPV. Chinese emergency physicians who were from medium-developed regions, had a bachelor's degree, worked in a higher level hospital, had a higher professional title, with lower incomes, had a history of hypertension or coronary heart disease, were smokers or drinkers, and worked in hospitals without preventive measures or training for WPV and not encouraging to report WPV were more likely to have experienced any type of WPV. The predictors of WPV varied in different types of WPV. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that the prevalence of WPV against emergency physicians is high in China. Measures should be taken at the physicians, patients, hospital, and national levels to protect GPs from WPV; for example, improving physicians' level of service and hospital' reporting procedures. Creating a prevention strategy and providing a safer workplace environment for emergency physicians should be prioritized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijiao Yan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- School of Public Health, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Jing Feng
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yong Gan
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Rixing Wang
- Department of Emergency, Hainan Clinical Research Center for Acute and Critical Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Xingyue Song
- Department of Emergency, Hainan Clinical Research Center for Acute and Critical Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Research Unit of Island Emergency Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2019RU013), Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Zhiqian Luo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Research Unit of Island Emergency Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2019RU013), Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Emergency and Trauma College, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Xiaotong Han
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Clinical Research Center for Emergency and Critical Care in Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Chuanzhu Lv
- Research Unit of Island Emergency Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2019RU013), Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China.
- Emergency Medicine Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 32 Yi Huan Lu Xi Er Duan, Chengdu, 610072, Sichuan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China.
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Ahmed SH, Waseem S, Shaikh TG, Mehedi Hasan M. Baffling dilemma of workplace violence in healthcare: will there be an end? Med Confl Surviv 2022; 38:289-294. [PMID: 35538883 DOI: 10.1080/13623699.2022.2073648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Syed Hassan Ahmed
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Summaiyya Waseem
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Taha Gul Shaikh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Mehedi Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh
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Tan L, Yuan S, Cheng P, Ning P, Gao Y, Xiao W, Schwebel DC, Hu G. Media Reports about Violence against Medical Care Providers in China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18062922. [PMID: 33809244 PMCID: PMC7998756 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18062922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Improper, unprofessional, or misleading media reports about violence against medical care providers (typically doctors and nurses) may provoke copycat incidents. To examine whether media reports about violence against medical care providers in China follow professional journalism recommendations, we identified 10 influential incidents of violence against medical care providers in China through a systematic strategy and used standardized internet-based search techniques to retrieve media reports about these events from 2007–2017. Reports were evaluated independently by trained coders to assess adherence to professional journalism recommendations using a 14-item checklist. In total, 788 eligible media reports were considered. Of those, 50.5% and 47.3%, respectively, failed to mention the real and complete names of the writer and editor. Reports improperly mentioned specific details about the time, place, methods, and perpetrators of violence in 42.1%, 36.4%, 45.4%, and 54.6% of cases, respectively. Over 80% of reports excluded a suggestion to seek help from professional agencies or mediation by a third party and only 3.8% of reports mentioned the perspectives of all three key informants about an event: medical care providers, patients, and hospital administrators. Of those that mentioned medical care providers, patient, and/or hospital administrator perspectives, less than 20% indicated they had obtained the interviewee’s consent to include their perspective. We concluded that most reports about violence against medical care providers in the Chinese media failed to strictly follow reporting recommendations from authoritative media bodies. Efforts are recommended to improve adherence to professional guidelines in media reports about violence against medical care providers in China, as adherence to those guidelines is likely to reduce future violent events against medical care providers like doctors and nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liheng Tan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; (L.T.); (S.Y.); (P.C.); (P.N.); (Y.G.); (W.X.)
| | - Shujuan Yuan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; (L.T.); (S.Y.); (P.C.); (P.N.); (Y.G.); (W.X.)
| | - Peixia Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; (L.T.); (S.Y.); (P.C.); (P.N.); (Y.G.); (W.X.)
| | - Peishan Ning
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; (L.T.); (S.Y.); (P.C.); (P.N.); (Y.G.); (W.X.)
| | - Yuyan Gao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; (L.T.); (S.Y.); (P.C.); (P.N.); (Y.G.); (W.X.)
| | - Wangxin Xiao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; (L.T.); (S.Y.); (P.C.); (P.N.); (Y.G.); (W.X.)
| | - David C. Schwebel
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Guoqing Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China; (L.T.); (S.Y.); (P.C.); (P.N.); (Y.G.); (W.X.)
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0731-84805414
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Grover S, Dalton N, Avasthi A. Workplace violence against doctors in a tertiary care hospital. Ind Psychiatry J 2020; 29:38-46. [PMID: 33776274 PMCID: PMC7989456 DOI: 10.4103/ipj.ipj_79_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to evaluate the magnitude and factors associated with violence against doctors. MATERIALS AND METHODS An online survey of doctors working in a tertiary care hospital in India was done by using the modified version of the workplace violence (WPV) in the Health Sector Questionnaire, developed by the World Health Organization. RESULTS Out of the 353 participants, 193 doctors (54.6%) reported being exposed to violence at their workplace in the past 6 months. Participants from the medical branches (57.8%), senior residents (60.3%), and those who were posted in emergency services (79.4%) and night duty (56.1%) reported more violence. The most common type of WPV was verbal abuse (91.2%), and the perpetrators were relatives of the patients (51.7%). The possible perceived reasons for WPV were patient overload (69.7%), prolonged duty hours and excessive workload (69.7%), and long waiting periods for patients/caregivers (66.9%). The majority of the participants considered that recruiting an adequate number of professional and paraprofessional staff (75.6%) can lead to a reduction in WPV. CONCLUSIONS The present study suggests that more than half of the doctors working in a tertiary care hospital in India face WPV. There is a lack of specific redressal mechanism to address WPV. Accordingly, there is a need to develop a mechanism for reporting of WPV and to implement preventive strategies at the individual level and at the system level. There is need for strengthening and implementing laws and making new policies to reduce WPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Grover
- Department of Psychiatry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Nobel Dalton
- Department of Psychiatry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ajit Avasthi
- Department of Psychiatry, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Cai R, Tang J, Deng C, Lv G, Xu X, Sylvia S, Pan J. Violence against health care workers in China, 2013-2016: evidence from the national judgment documents. HUMAN RESOURCES FOR HEALTH 2019; 17:103. [PMID: 31878939 PMCID: PMC6933725 DOI: 10.1186/s12960-019-0440-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Incidents of patient-initiated workplace violence against health care workers have been a subject of substantial public attention in China. Patient-initiated violence not only represents a risk of harm to health care providers but is also indicative of general tensions between doctors and patients which pose a challenge to improving health system access and quality. This study aims to provide a systematic, national-level characterization of serious workplace violence against health care workers in China. METHODS This study extracted data from the China Judgment Online System, a comprehensive database of judgment documents. Three key phrases, "criminal case," "health care institution," and "health care worker" were used to search the China Judgment Online System for relevant cases between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2016. Data extracted from identified cases was used to document the occurrence, the degree of risk, and the factors associated with serious workplace violence. RESULTS In total, 459 criminal cases involving patient-initiated workplace violence against health care workers in China were reported and processed. The analysis revealed geographic heterogeneity in the occurrence of serious workplace violence, with lower incidence in western provinces compared to central and eastern provinces. Primary hospitals experienced the highest rates of serious workplace violence and emergency departments and doctors were at higher risk compared with other departments and health workers. Perpetrators were primarily male farmers aged 18 to 44 with low levels of education. The most frequently reported reasons of serious patient-initiated workplace violence included perceived medical malpractice by the perpetrator after the death of a patient, death of a patient with no other reason given, failures of the compensation negotiations after the death of a patient, and dissatisfaction with the treatment outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Serious workplace violence against providers varies across regions and types of health care institutions in China. Perception of low-quality care is the most reported reason for violence. Efforts should be made to improve quality of care in the low-level health institutions and strengthen the doctor-patient communication during the whole course of service.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruilie Cai
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Section 3, Ren Min Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan China
- West China Research Center for Rural Health Development, Sichuan University, No. 17, Section 3, Ren Min Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan China
| | - Ji Tang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Section 3, Ren Min Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan China
- West China Research Center for Rural Health Development, Sichuan University, No. 17, Section 3, Ren Min Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan China
| | - Chenhui Deng
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Section 3, Ren Min Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan China
- West China Research Center for Rural Health Development, Sichuan University, No. 17, Section 3, Ren Min Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan China
| | - Guofan Lv
- School of Civil Aviation Security, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, NO. 46, Nanchang Road, Guanghan, 618307 Sichuan China
| | - Xiaohe Xu
- School of Public Administration, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Sociology, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX 78249 United States of America
| | - Sean Sylvia
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1101D McGavran-Greenberg Hall, CB#7411, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7411 United States of America
| | - Jay Pan
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Section 3, Ren Min Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan China
- West China Research Center for Rural Health Development, Sichuan University, No. 17, Section 3, Ren Min Nan Road, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan China
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Cabilan CJ, Johnston ANB. Review article: Identifying occupational violence patient risk factors and risk assessment tools in the emergency department: A scoping review. Emerg Med Australas 2019; 31:730-740. [DOI: 10.1111/1742-6723.13362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- CJ Cabilan
- Emergency DepartmentPrincess Alexandra Hospital Brisbane Queensland Australia
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social WorkThe University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Amy NB Johnston
- Emergency DepartmentPrincess Alexandra Hospital Brisbane Queensland Australia
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social WorkThe University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
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11
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Nowrouzi-Kia B, Chai E, Usuba K, Nowrouzi-Kia B, Casole J. Prevalence of Type II and Type III Workplace Violence against Physicians: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE 2019; 10:99-110. [PMID: 31325293 PMCID: PMC6708400 DOI: 10.15171/ijoem.2019.1573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Workplace violence (WPV) in the health care sector remains a prominent, under-reported global occupational hazard and public health issue. OBJECTIVE To determine the types and prevalence of WPV among doctors. METHODS Primary papers on WPV in medicine were identified through a literature search in 4 health databases (Ovid Medline, EMBASE, PsychoINFO and CINAHL). The study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines for the mapping and identification of records. To assess the studies included in our review, we used the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme cohort review checklist and the Risk of Bias Assessment. RESULTS 13 out of 2154 articles retrieved were reviewed. Factors outlining physician WPV included (1) working in remote health care areas, (2) understaffing, (3) mental/emotional stress of patients/visitors, (4) insufficient security, and (5) lacking preventative measures. The results of 6 studies were combined in a meta-analysis. The overall prevalence of WPV was 69% (95% CI 58% to 78%). CONCLUSION The impact of WPV on health care institutions is profound and far-reaching; it is quite common among physicians. Therefore, steps must be taken to promote an organizational culture where there are measures to protect and promote the well-being of doctors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behdin Nowrouzi-Kia
- Centre for Research in Occupational Safety and Health, School of Rural and Northern Health, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada and Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emily Chai
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Koyo Usuba
- Centre for Research in Occupational Safety and Health, School of Rural and Northern Health, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada and Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Behnam Nowrouzi-Kia
- Michael DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer Casole
- Special Education Department, Loretto College, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Duan X, Ni X, Shi L, Zhang L, Ye Y, Mu H, Li Z, Liu X, Fan L, Wang Y. The impact of workplace violence on job satisfaction, job burnout, and turnover intention: the mediating role of social support. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2019; 17:93. [PMID: 31146735 PMCID: PMC6543560 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-019-1164-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Workplace violence (WPV) is a global public health problem and has caused a serious threat to the physical and mental health of healthcare workers. Moreover, WPV also has an adverse effect on the workplace behavior of healthcare workers. This study has three purposes: (1) to identify the prevalence of workplace violence against physicians; (2) to examine the association between exposure to WPV, job satisfaction, job burnout and turnover intention of Chinese physicians and (3) to verify the mediating role of social support. METHODS A cross-sectional study adopted a purposive sampling method to collect data from March 2017 through May 2017. A total of nine tertiary hospitals in four provinces, which provide healthcare from specialists in a large hospital after referral from primary and secondary care, were selected as research sites based on their geographical locations in the eastern, central and western regions of China. Descriptive analyses, a univariate analysis, a Pearson correlation, and a mediation regression analysis were used to estimate the prevalence of WPV and impact of WPV on job satisfaction, job burnout, and turnover intention. RESULTS WPV was positively correlated with turnover intention (r = 0.238, P < 0.01) and job burnout (r = 0.150, P < 0.01), and was negatively associated with job satisfaction (r = - 0.228, P < 0.01) and social support (r = - 0.077, P < 0.01). Social support was a partial mediator between WPV and job satisfaction, as well as burnout and turnover intention. CONCLUSIONS The results show a high prevalence of workplace violence in Chinese tertiary hospitals, which should not be ignored. The effects of social support on workplace behaviors suggest that it has practical implications for interventions to promote the stability of physicians' teams. TRIAL REGISTRATION (Project Identification Code: HMUIRB2014005), Registered March 1, 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojian Duan
- Department of Health Management, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xin Ni
- Medical Dispute Office, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Health Management, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Leijing Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Yuan Ye
- Department of Health Management, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Huitong Mu
- Department of Medical Records, Dalian Children's Hospital, Dalian, 116012, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Medical Dispute Office, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Administrative Office, Harbin Children's Hospital, Harbin, 150010, China
| | - Lihua Fan
- Department of Health Management, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.
| | - Yongchen Wang
- Department of General Practice, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China.
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Sachdeva S, Jamshed N, Aggarwal P, Kashyap SR. Perception of Workplace Violence in the Emergency Department. J Emerg Trauma Shock 2019; 12:179-184. [PMID: 31543640 PMCID: PMC6735201 DOI: 10.4103/jets.jets_81_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Workplace violence (WPV) is a serious issue worldwide. Violence against emergency department (ED) staffs causes significant physical and mental distress which affects work productivity and patient care. Objective: We seek amount and type of WPV perceived by the emergency physicians and nurses, their reporting agencies, and impact of violence on them. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study conducted at a tertiary health care center. Data were collected based on 24-item questionnaire between January and December 2017. Descriptive statistics was used to describe characteristics of participants and exposure to violence. Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were used for bivariate analysis while logistic regression analysis was to analyze the impact of violence with participant characteristics. P < 0.05 was used to judge the clinical significance. Results: Two hundred and thirty-five participants (123 doctors and 112 nurses) completed the survey. About 67% of the participants (158/235) reported verbal abuse (VA), physical assault (PA) was reported by 17% (40/235), while confrontation was reported by 11% (27/235). Family members were the main perpetrator for VA (75%) and PA (35%). Regarding reporting, the violent incidences were mostly reported to ED security and ED faculty. Individuals with comparatively less age group, less experience, and male gender were more exposed to abuse both VA and PA at P < 0.05. Nurses and junior residents reported more abuse than senior residents (P < 0.05). Majority of the participants had reported lack of job satisfaction due to Verbal abuse (P = 0.01). Conclusion: WPV is common in ED of the current setting. It results in significant physiological and psychological effects on health-care providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Sachdeva
- Department of Nursing, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Nayer Jamshed
- Department of Emergency Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Praveen Aggarwal
- Department of Emergency Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Suman R Kashyap
- Department of Emergency Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Abstract
The problem of aggression towards health care staff is global. It negatively impacts on their psychological and physical well-being, and on their performance. This study was set to explore the exposure of healthcare personnel to different forms of violence and the influence of this violence on their work and life. A sample of 700 healthcare workers was collected from six major hospitals and 20 primary health care centers in Baghdad. The questionnaire inquired about exposure to any sort of violence including insult, assaults, and displacement, being arrested, kidnapped, and intentionally injured or threatened at the workplace. More than 85% of respondents reported exposure to violence. The most important reason for violence was the poor medical services and lack of hospital supplies (22.1%). Young doctors were significantly more exposed to violence, especially verbal, mostly during the day. A significant association was seen between exposure to physical violence, male gender and short duration of experience. The most significant source of violence was the patient's relatives. There is an overwhelming surge of violence against health workers that may adversely reflect on their performance. Passing legislation that protects health workers against violence is an urgent need at this time of unrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riyadh K Lafta
- a Department of Family and Community Medicine , College of Medicine, Mustansiriya University.,b Global Health Department , University of Washington , Seattle , USA
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Hedayati Emam G, Alimohammadi H, Zolfaghari Sadrabad A, Hatamabadi H. Workplace Violence against Residents in Emergency Department and Reasons for not Reporting Them; a Cross Sectional Study. EMERGENCY (TEHRAN, IRAN) 2018; 6:e7. [PMID: 29503832 PMCID: PMC5827053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Due to the stressful nature of emergency Department (ED), residents in ED are at risk of violence from patients or their associates. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of workplace violence against ED residents and the reasons for not reporting them. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted on ED residents of three educational hospitals, Tehran, Iran, during 2015. The national questionnaire about workplace violence was used for data gathering. In addition, prevalence of reporting the violence and the reasons for not reporting them were determined. RESULTS 280 questionnaires were analyzed. The mean age of residents was 32.2 ± 4.6 years (58.4% female). 224 (80%) residents stated that they had not passed any educational courses on violence management. The most prevalent type of violence was verbal (90.7%) and patients' associates (85.4%) were the most common source of aggression. The frequency of physical violence was higher in male aggressors (p = 0.001), resident age > 30 years (p = 0.044), aggressor age > 30 years (p = 0.001), and night shift (p = 0.001). The same trend was observed regarding verbal and racial-ethnic violence. There was no significant relationship between residents' sex, resident's specialty, and presence of security and police with frequency of violence. 214 (76.4%) residents did not report the violence, and the main reasons for not reporting from their viewpoint were uselessness of reporting (37.4%) and insignificance of the violence (36.9%). CONCLUSION Based on the findings of the present study more than 90% of ED residents had experienced at least one type of verbal, physical, or racial-ethnic violence during their shifts. It is necessary for residents in EDs to be trained about violence control and also report and follow these issues through legal channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilava Hedayati Emam
- Emergency Department, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Alimohammadi
- Emergency Department, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akram Zolfaghari Sadrabad
- Emergency Department, Imam Reza Hospital, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Hamidreza Hatamabadi
- Emergency Department, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Professor of Emergency Medicine, Safety Promotion & Injury Prevention Research Center, Injury Prevention & Trauma Network, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. ,Corresponding Author: Hamidreza Hatamabadi; Department of Emergency Medicine, Imam Hossein Hospital, Madani Street, Tehran, Iran. P.O.Box: 193955487, Fax: +98 2188067114, Tel: +98 2181262073,
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Sun T, Gao L, Li F, Shi Y, Xie F, Wang J, Wang S, Zhang S, Liu W, Duan X, Liu X, Zhang Z, Li L, Fan L. Workplace violence, psychological stress, sleep quality and subjective health in Chinese doctors: a large cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2017. [PMID: 29222134 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-01718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Workplace violence (WPV) against healthcare workers is known as violence in healthcare settings and referring to the violent acts that are directed towards doctors, nurses or other healthcare staff at work or on duty. Moreover, WPV can cause a large number of adverse outcomes. However, there is not enough evidence to test the link between exposure to WPV against doctors, psychological stress, sleep quality and health status in China. OBJECTIVES This study had three objectives: (1) to identify the incidence rate of WPV against doctors under a new classification, (2) to examine the association between exposure to WPV, psychological stress, sleep quality and subjective health of Chinese doctors and (3) to verify the partial mediating role of psychological stress. DESIGN A cross-sectional online survey study. SETTING The survey was conducted among 1740 doctors in tertiary hospitals, 733 in secondary hospital and 139 in primary hospital across 30 provinces of China. PARTICIPANTS A total of 3016 participants were invited. Ultimately, 2617 doctors completed valid questionnaires. The effective response rate was 86.8%. RESULTS The results demonstrated that the prevalence rate of exposure to verbal abuse was the highest (76.2%), made difficulties (58.3%), smear reputation (40.8%), mobbing behaviour (40.2%), intimidation behaviour (27.6%), physical violence (24.1%) and sexual harassment (7.8%). Exposure to WPV significantly affected the psychological stress, sleep quality and self-reported health of doctors. Moreover, psychological stress partially mediated the relationship between work-related violence and health damage. CONCLUSION In China, most doctors have encountered various WPV from patients and their relatives. The prevalence of three new types of WPV have been investigated in our study, which have been rarely mentioned in past research. A safer work environment for Chinese healthcare workers needs to be provided to minimise health threats, which is a top priority for both government and society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Sun
- Department of Health Management, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Health Management, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Fujun Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yu Shi
- Department of Health Management, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Fengzhe Xie
- Department of Health Management, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jinghui Wang
- Department of Health Management, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Out-Patient Office, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shue Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenhui Liu
- Department of Health Management, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaojian Duan
- Department of Health Management, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xinyan Liu
- Department of Health Management, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhong Zhang
- Department of Health Management, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Health Management, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lihua Fan
- Department of Health Management, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Sun T, Gao L, Li F, Shi Y, Xie F, Wang J, Wang S, Zhang S, Liu W, Duan X, Liu X, Zhang Z, Li L, Fan L. Workplace violence, psychological stress, sleep quality and subjective health in Chinese doctors: a large cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e017182. [PMID: 29222134 PMCID: PMC5728267 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Workplace violence (WPV) against healthcare workers is known as violence in healthcare settings and referring to the violent acts that are directed towards doctors, nurses or other healthcare staff at work or on duty. Moreover, WPV can cause a large number of adverse outcomes. However, there is not enough evidence to test the link between exposure to WPV against doctors, psychological stress, sleep quality and health status in China. OBJECTIVES This study had three objectives: (1) to identify the incidence rate of WPV against doctors under a new classification, (2) to examine the association between exposure to WPV, psychological stress, sleep quality and subjective health of Chinese doctors and (3) to verify the partial mediating role of psychological stress. DESIGN A cross-sectional online survey study. SETTING The survey was conducted among 1740 doctors in tertiary hospitals, 733 in secondary hospital and 139 in primary hospital across 30 provinces of China. PARTICIPANTS A total of 3016 participants were invited. Ultimately, 2617 doctors completed valid questionnaires. The effective response rate was 86.8%. RESULTS The results demonstrated that the prevalence rate of exposure to verbal abuse was the highest (76.2%), made difficulties (58.3%), smear reputation (40.8%), mobbing behaviour (40.2%), intimidation behaviour (27.6%), physical violence (24.1%) and sexual harassment (7.8%). Exposure to WPV significantly affected the psychological stress, sleep quality and self-reported health of doctors. Moreover, psychological stress partially mediated the relationship between work-related violence and health damage. CONCLUSION In China, most doctors have encountered various WPV from patients and their relatives. The prevalence of three new types of WPV have been investigated in our study, which have been rarely mentioned in past research. A safer work environment for Chinese healthcare workers needs to be provided to minimise health threats, which is a top priority for both government and society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Sun
- Department of Health Management, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Health Management, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Fujun Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yu Shi
- Department of Health Management, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Fengzhe Xie
- Department of Health Management, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jinghui Wang
- Department of Health Management, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Out-Patient Office, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shue Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenhui Liu
- Department of Health Management, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaojian Duan
- Department of Health Management, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xinyan Liu
- Department of Health Management, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhong Zhang
- Department of Health Management, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Health Management, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lihua Fan
- Department of Health Management, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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18
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Rafeea F, Al Ansari A, Abbas EM, Elmusharaf K, Abu Zeid MS. Violence toward health workers in Bahrain Defense Force Royal Medical Services' emergency department. Open Access Emerg Med 2017; 9:113-121. [PMID: 29184452 PMCID: PMC5687482 DOI: 10.2147/oaem.s147982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Employees working in emergency departments (EDs) in hospital settings are disproportionately affected by workplace violence as compared to those working in other departments. Such violence results in minor or major injury to these workers. In other cases, it leads to physical disability, reduced job performance, and eventually a nonconducive working environment for these workers. Materials and methods A cross-sectional exploratory questionnaire was used to collect data used for the examination of the incidents of violence in the workplace. This study was carried out at the ED of the Bahrain Defense Force (BDF) Hospital. Participants for the study were drawn from nurses, support staff, and emergency physicians. Both male and female workers were surveyed. Results The study included responses from 100 staff in the ED of the BDF Hospital in Bahrain (doctors, nurses, and support personnel). The most experienced type of violence in the workers in the past 12 months in this study was verbal abuse, which was experienced by 78% of the participants, which was followed by physical abuse (11%) and then sexual abuse (3%). Many cases of violence against ED workers occurred during night shifts (53%), while physical abuse was reported to occur during all the shifts; 40% of the staff in the ED of the hospital were not aware of the policies against workplace violence, and 26% of the staff considered leaving their jobs at the hospital. Conclusion This study reported multiple findings on the number of workplace violence incidents, as well as the characteristics and factors associated with violence exposure in ED staff in Bahrain. The results clearly demonstrate the importance of addressing the issue of workplace violence in EDs in Bahrain and can be used to demonstrate the strong need for interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Rafeea
- Emergency Department, Bahrain Defense Force Hospital, Riffa, Bahrain
| | - Ahmed Al Ansari
- Training and Education Department, Bahrain Defense Force Hospital, Riffa, Bahrain.,Department of General Surgery, College of Medicine and Medical Science, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain.,Medical Education Department, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland - Medical University of Bahrain, Busaiteen, Bahrain
| | - Ehab M Abbas
- Emergency Department, Bahrain Defense Force Hospital, Riffa, Bahrain
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Claudius IA, Desai S, Davis E, Henderson S. Case-controlled Analysis of Patient-based Risk Factors for Assault in the Healthcare Workplace. West J Emerg Med 2017; 18:1153-1158. [PMID: 29085550 PMCID: PMC5654887 DOI: 10.5811/westjem.2017.7.34845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Violence against healthcare workers in the medical setting is common and associated with both physical and psychological adversity. The objective of this study was to identify features associated with assailants to allow early identification of patients at risk for committing an assault in the healthcare setting. Methods We used the hospital database for reporting assaults to identify cases from July 2011 through June 2013. Medical records were reviewed for the assailant’s (patient’s) past medical and social history, primary medical complaints, ED diagnoses, medications prescribed, presence of an involuntary psychiatric hold, prior assaultive behavior, history of reported illicit drug use, and frequency of visits to same hospital requesting prescription for pain medications. We selected matched controls at random for comparison. The primary outcome measure(s) reported are features of patients committing an assault while undergoing medical or psychiatric treatment within the medical center. Results We identified 92 novel visits associated with an assault. History of an involuntary psychiatric hold was noted in 52%, history of psychosis in 49%, a history of violence in the ED on a prior visit in 45%, aggression at index visit noted in the ED chart in 64%, an involuntary hold (or consideration of) for danger to others in 61%, repeat visits for pain medication in 9%, and history of illicit drug use in 33%. Compared with matched controls, all these factors were significantly different. Conclusion Patients with obvious risk factors for assault, such as history of assault, psychosis, and involuntary psychiatric holds, have a substantially greater chance of committing an assault in the healthcare setting. These risk factors can easily be identified and greater security attention given to the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilene A Claudius
- University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - Shoma Desai
- University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ebony Davis
- University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - Sean Henderson
- University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Los Angeles, California
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Xing K, Zhang X, Jiao M, Cui Y, Lu Y, Liu J, Zhang J, Zhao Y, Zhao Y, Li Y, Liang L, Kang Z, Wu Q, Yin M. Concern about Workplace Violence and Its Risk Factors in Chinese Township Hospitals: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:ijerph13080811. [PMID: 27517949 PMCID: PMC4997497 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13080811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Workplace violence in Chinese township hospitals is a major public health problem. We identified the risk factors of healthcare workers’ worry about experiencing workplace violence in 90 Chinese township hospitals and determined specific measures for differing stages of violence (based on crisis management theory). Participants were 440 general practitioners and 398 general nurses from Heilongjiang Province, China (response rate 84.6%). One hundred and six (12.6%) respondents reported being physically attacked in their workplace in the previous 12 months. Regarding psychological violence, the most common type reported was verbal abuse (46.0%). While most (85.2%) respondents had some degree of worry about suffering violence, 22.1% were worried or very worried. Ordinal regression analysis revealed that being ≤35 years of age, having a lower educational level, having less work experience, and working night shifts were all associated with worry about workplace violence. Furthermore, those without experience of such violence were more likely to worry about it. Respondents’ suggested measures for controlling violence included “widening channels on medical dispute solutions,” “improving doctor-patient communication,” and “advocating for respect for medical workers via the media.” Results suggest the target factors for reducing healthcare workers’ worry by according to the type of education and training and possible measures for limiting workplace violence in township hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Xing
- Department of Health, Policy and Hospital Management, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China.
| | - Xue Zhang
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China.
| | - Mingli Jiao
- Department of Health, Policy and Hospital Management, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China.
- Institute of Quantitative and Technical Economics, Chinese Academy of Social Science, Beijing 100000, China.
| | - Yu Cui
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China.
| | - Yan Lu
- School of Public Health, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154007, China.
| | - Jinghua Liu
- School of Public Health, QiQihar Medical University, QiQihar 161006, China.
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Continuing Education Section, Third Affiliated Hospital of QiQihar Medical University, QiQihar 161000, China.
| | - Yuchong Zhao
- Department of Publicity and United Front Work, Heilongjiang Nursing College, Harbin 150081, China.
| | - Yanming Zhao
- Department of Computed Tomography, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China.
| | - Ye Li
- Department of Health, Policy and Hospital Management, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China.
| | - Libo Liang
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China.
| | - Zheng Kang
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China.
| | - Qunhong Wu
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China.
| | - Mei Yin
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China.
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Wáng YXJ, Li YT. AME survey-003 A2: on the attractiveness of an medicine career in current China with a survey of 7,508 medical professionals and 443 non-medical professionals. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2016; 6:84-102. [PMID: 26981459 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2223-4292.2016.02.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
This is a part of the study of AME survey-003, aiming to understand the motivation and attractiveness of a career in medicine in China. The surveys were conducted on DXY platform with 3,564 medical professionals during October 26 to November 20; on Sojump platform with 1,587 medical professionals during October 28 to December 14, and 443 non-medical professionals during November 15 to December, all in 2015. Similar to our previous result, the not regretted participants vs. regretted participants (N/Y) ratio was 1.1 (P<0.01), and there was no significant difference in N/Y ratio between male and female medical professionals. Medical professionals working in class-IIIA hospitals, small township hospitals, or primary care clinics had a relatively higher job satisfaction than those in hospitals of other classes, while lecturer-level attending doctors (zhuzhi yishi) had a relatively lower job satisfaction than doctors of other grades. A large portion of respondents who replied they regretted entered medical profession said they would still like to be in this profession if they could be in their preferred hospital class and specialty. Public health and basic science research staff, anesthesiologists, oncologists had a relatively higher job satisfaction, while accident and emergency physicians, nurses, and pediatricians had a relatively lower job satisfaction. Medical professionals in Yunnan and Gansu ranked consistently high in job satisfaction than other provinces; despite they were not in the economically advanced regions in China. Similar to our previous result, the majority of the participants favored China to open up medical market to qualified foreign medical organizations to take part in fair competition, as well as favor the government to support regulated private hospitals. Pooled data of 7,508 medical professionals with data from AME survey-003 A1 included showed medicine was the top career choice among medical professionals' children (104/508, 20.5%), followed by finance and economics (74/508, 14.4%), and then electronic engineering or computer science (67/508, 13.2%). Among the 443 non-medical professionals, 122 have children who are attending university or have graduated, 12 (9.8%, 12/122) of them are pursuing a career in medicine. For the 100 non-medical professional parents whose children did not study medicine and if a choice could be given to them to start again, 60 parents (54.5%) replied they would support their children to study medicine. Our results consistently show medicine remained an attractive profession in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yì Xiáng J Wáng
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yáo T Li
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Gómez-Gutiérrez MM, Bernaldo-de-Quirós M, Piccini AT, Cerdeira JC. Posttraumatic Stress Symptomatology in Pre-Hospital Emergency Care Professionals Assaulted by Patients and/or Relatives: Importance of Severity and Experience of the Aggression. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2016; 31:339-354. [PMID: 25381283 DOI: 10.1177/0886260514555370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to violence from patients or relatives causes problems in emergency departments. To assess the development of posttraumatic symptoms in pre-hospital emergency care professionals assaulted by patients and/or relatives, it may be crucial to establish preventive measures at different levels. This study examined 358 pre-hospital emergency care professionals assaulted by patients and/or relatives. The aims of the present study were (a) to assess the presence of posttraumatic symptoms and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and (b) identify compliance diagnoses for PTSD depending on the experience of aggression (presence of fear, helplessness, or horror during the aggression), the perceived severity of aggression, and socio-demographic variables (gender, age, profession, employment status, and work experience). The results show that the experience of aggression with fear, helplessness, or horror is associated with the presence of posttraumatic symptoms related to re-experiencing but is not related to avoidance and emotional numbing and arousal. Furthermore, the perception of aggression as severe was associated with the presence of symptoms related to re-experiencing. These results are presented and discussed.
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Shi J, Wang S, Zhou P, Shi L, Zhang Y, Bai F, Xue D, Zhang X. The frequency of patient-initiated violence and its psychological impact on physicians in china: a cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128394. [PMID: 26030143 PMCID: PMC4450867 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction In China, the severity of medical disputes has greatly increased during the past two decades, which has caused various adverse outcomes for health professionals. Previous research on violence in healthcare settings has primarily examined the occurrence of patient-initiated violence and its effects on physicians, but few studies have focused on the impact of the extent of physicians’ exposure to violence. This study examined the different frequency levels of specific types of violence and their relationships to physicians’ psychological wellbeing, including emotional exhaustion (EE), job satisfaction (JS), and intention to leave (IL). Methods Using a stratified random sampling method, the participants were drawn from 123 public hospitals in Shanghai, Hubei Province, and Gansu Province in China, and 1,656 completed questionnaires were collected. Chi-square test, analysis of variance, and mixed linear model were employed in the analysis. Results The results showed that the rate of exposure to verbal abuse (VA) was the highest (92.75%), followed by threats of assault (TA, 88.10%) and physical assaults (PA, 81.04%). Physicians’ reported high-frequency exposure to VA, TA, and PA was 35.14%, 27.72%, and 19.32%, respectively. The results indicated that exposure to violence significantly affected EE, JS, and IL, and the intensity of the harm of high-frequency exposure was several times stronger than that of low-frequency exposure. Interestingly, we found that VA produced a greater adverse impact on physicians’ EE and satisfaction with work (JS-1) than did TA or PA. This finding may be attributed to the fact that physicians are more likely to be exposed to a high frequency of VA, and the effect of high-frequency exposure is much stronger. Conclusion The results indicated that decreasing violent incidents and creating a safer work environment for physicians should be a top priority for both government and society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Shi
- Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Ministry of Health (Fudan University); Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health; School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
| | - Sheng Wang
- School of Business, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, P.R. China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Ministry of Health (Fudan University); Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health; School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
- * E-mail:
| | - Leiyu Shi
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, United States of America
| | - Yu Zhang
- Health and Family Planning Commission of Hubei Province, Hubei, 430079, P.R. China
| | - Fei Bai
- Health and Family Planning Commission of Gansu Province, Gansu, 730030, P.R. China
| | - Di Xue
- Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment, Ministry of Health (Fudan University); Collaborative Innovation Center of Social Risks Governance in Health; School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, P.R. China
| | - Xinkai Zhang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai, 200030, P.R. China
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Hamdan M, Abu Hamra A. Workplace violence towards workers in the emergency departments of Palestinian hospitals: a cross-sectional study. HUMAN RESOURCES FOR HEALTH 2015; 13:28. [PMID: 25948058 PMCID: PMC4435901 DOI: 10.1186/s12960-015-0018-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Workplace violence (WPV) in hospital emergency departments (EDs) is a common problem. The objective of this study was to assess the characteristics (level and type), associated risk factors, causes, and consequences of WPV against workers in Palestinian EDs. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in 14 out of the available 39 EDs in Palestine: 8 from the West Bank and 6 from the Gaza Strip. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire between July-September 2013. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine risk factors associated with exposure to WPV. RESULTS A total of 444 participants (response rate 74.5%): 161 (32.0%) nurses, 142 (32%) physicians, and 141 (31.7%) administrative personnel. The majority (76.1%) experienced a type of WPV in the past 12 months: 35.6% exposed to physical and 71.2% to non-physical assaults (69.8% verbal abuses, 48.4% threats, and 8.6% sexual harassments). Perpetrators of physical and non-physical violence were mainly patients' families/visitors (85.4% and 79.5%, respectively). Waiting time, lack of prevention measures, and unmet expectations of patients and their families are the main reasons for WPV. The multivariate regression analysis showed that younger personnel (OR = 2.29 CI 95% 1.309-4.036), clinicians (nurses and physicians) (OR = 1.65 CI 95% 0.979-2.797) comparing with administrative, and less experienced ED personnel (OR = 2.39 CI 95% 1.141-5.006) are significantly at higher risk of exposure to WPV (P < 0.05). Low level (40%) of violence reporting is evident, largely attributed to not enough actions being taken and fear of consequences. Violence has been shown to have considerable consequences for workers' well-being, patient care, and job retention. CONCLUSIONS Violence against workers in Palestinian EDs is highly common. The effects of violence are considerable. Multiple factors cause violence; however, EDs' internal-system-related factors are the most amenable to change. Attention should be given to strengthening violence prevention policy and measures and improving incident-reporting system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motasem Hamdan
- School of Public Health, Al-Quds University, Jerusalem, occupied Palestinian territory.
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Mantzouranis G, Fafliora E, Bampalis VG, Christopoulou I. Assessment and Analysis of Workplace Violence in a Greek Tertiary Hospital. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 2015; 70:256-264. [PMID: 24456571 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2013.879564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study sought to assess workplace violence in a Greek tertiary hospital for the first time. The authors conducted a descriptive study with 175 participants and examined the characteristics of violent episodes, the responses of victims and the administration, and the perception of workplace safety in addition to the implications of these incidents. The vast majority of employees (83.4%) had experienced work-related violence; however, half of them (52%) had not reported the incident to the hospital administration. Verbal violence was the most common type of incident (98.6%). Nurses and other health care staff reported feeling safer than physicians (odds ratio [OR] = 4.47, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.94-10.28 and OR = 2.80, 95% CI: 1.64-8.74, respectively). A large proportion of victims (72.6%) suffered psychological consequences following the violent incident. This study reveals the high prevalence of workplace violence in a Greek tertiary hospital and underscores its negative impact on health care workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Mantzouranis
- a Health Center Aitolikou, Department of General Medicine , University Hospital of Patras , Patras , Greece
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26
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Bernaldo-De-Quirós M, Piccini AT, Gómez MM, Cerdeira JC. Psychological consequences of aggression in pre-hospital emergency care: Cross sectional survey. Int J Nurs Stud 2015; 52:260-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2014.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2013] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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27
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Bernaldo-de-Quirós M, Labrador FJ, Piccini AT, Mar Gómez M, Cerdeira JC. Violencia laboral en urgencias extrahospitalarias: una revisión sistemática y líneas de intervención psicológica. CLINICA Y SALUD 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s1130-5274(14)70023-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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28
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Wada K, Suehiro Y. Violence chain surrounding patient-to-staff violence in Japanese hospitals. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 2014; 69:121-124. [PMID: 24205964 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2012.750587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine if patient-to-staff violence is associated with staff-to-staff violence and patient-to-patient violence among nurses and patient service clerks. A survey was conducted using an anonymous questionnaire for attendees of a lecture on antiviolence in health care institutions. Patient-to-staff verbal violence was associated with staff-to-staff verbal violence (odds ratio [OR] = 1.43; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.16-1.66). Patient-to-staff physical violence was associated with staff-to-staff physical violence (OR = 7.80; 95% CI: 1.86-13.5) and patient-to-patient verbal violence (OR = 2.69; 95% CI: 1.18-5.42). Patient-to-staff sexual harassment was associated with staff-to-staff sexual harassment (OR = 6.55; 95% CI: 3.59-8.91) and patient-to-patient verbal violence (OR = 2.96; 95% CI: 1.44-5.17). Staff who had experienced patient-to-staff violence were likely to have experienced violence by other staff and to have witnessed or reported violence among patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Wada
- a National Center for Global Health and Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
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29
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AbuAlRub RF, Al Khawaldeh AT. Workplace physical violence among hospital nurses and physicians in underserved areas in Jordan. J Clin Nurs 2013; 23:1937-47. [PMID: 24354354 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.12473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To: (1) examine the incidence, frequency and contributing factors to workplace violence among nurses and physicians in underserved areas in Jordan, and (2) identify the existing policies and the management modalities to tackle workplace violence. BACKGROUND Workplace violence is a major problem in healthcare organisations. An understanding of the nature of violence is essential to implementing successful management. DESIGN A descriptive exploratory research design. METHODS The questionnaire that was developed in 2003 by the International Labor Office, the International Council of Nurses, the World Health Organization, and the Public Services International was used to collect data from a convenience sample of 521 Jordanian physicians and nurses (396 nurses, 125 physicians) who worked in hospitals located in underserved areas. RESULTS Around 15% of the participants were exposed to physical violence. The factors that contributed to workplace violence were related to absence of policies, inadequate staffing and lack of communication skills. Only 16·9% of participants indicated that there were specific policies available for dealing with physical workplace violence. Strengthening security and providing training were some of the important factors indicated by participants for decreasing violence in the workplace. CONCLUSIONS Workplace violence is a problem in underserved areas that needs attention from administrators. Most participants were very dissatisfied with the way the administrators dealt with the incidents. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Instituting firm policies against perpetrators and developing protective violence guidelines to support healthcare staff in managing workplace violence are paramount to tackle the problem of workplace violence.
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30
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ALBashtawy M. Workplace violence against nurses in emergency departments in Jordan. Int Nurs Rev 2013; 60:550-5. [DOI: 10.1111/inr.12059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. ALBashtawy
- Community and Mental Health Departments, Princess Salma Faculty of Nursing; AL al-Bayt University; Mafraq Jordan
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31
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Vermare E, Frappé P. Abandons de carrières en médecine d’urgence. ANNALES FRANCAISES DE MEDECINE D URGENCE 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13341-012-0211-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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32
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Alameddine M, Kazzi A, El‐Jardali F, Dimassi H, Maalouf S. Occupational Violence at Lebanese Emergency Departments: Prevalence, Characteristics and Associated Factors. J Occup Health 2011; 53:455-64. [DOI: 10.1539/joh.11-0102-oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Alameddine
- Health Management and Policy, Faculty of Health SciencesAmerican University of Beirut
| | - Amin Kazzi
- Department of Emergency MedicineAmerican University of Beirut Medical Center
| | - Fadi El‐Jardali
- Health Management and Policy, Faculty of Health SciencesAmerican University of Beirut
| | - Hani Dimassi
- School of Pharmacy, Lebanese American UniversityLebanon
| | - Salwa Maalouf
- Health Management and Policy, Faculty of Health SciencesAmerican University of Beirut
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