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Sinha P, Mukherji S. Efficient treatment of secondary treated refinery wastewater using sand biofiltration: Removal of hazardous organic pollutants. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 259:121874. [PMID: 38870887 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
This study explored the potential of sand biofiltration for tertiary treatment of real refinery wastewater. The biofilter (2 cm (I.D.) x 15 cm (L)) operated on secondary treated refinery wastewater at flow rate of 1 mL/min had empty bed contact time (EBCT) of 47.12 min for one circulation. Maximum reduction in COD after 4, 8 and 12 times recirculation was 25 %, 52 % and 56 %; while the TOC reduction was 33 %, 43 % and 51 %, respectively, after biofilm development over 30 days. Quantification using two dimensional gas chromatography - time of flight mass spectrometry (GCxGC-TOF MS) revealed that several of the identified target compounds could not be detected in the wastewater after 12 recirculations. After 8 times recirculation, most of the compounds showed very high removal efficiency. For biofiltration over the flow rate range 2-10 mL/min, the reduction in COD and NH4+-N ranged from 62-73 % and 78-86 %, respectively, after 8 times recirculation. The nitrite concentration first increased and subsequently decreased, while the nitrate concentration continuously increased with increase in the number of recirculations. Solid phase micro-extraction (SPME) analysis of the aqueous phase using GCxGC-TOF MS and a semi-quantitative approach indicated that the removal of predominant classes of compounds was greater than 95 % after 8 times recirculation, with maximum reduction occurring in the first pass through the biofilter. Assimilable organic carbon (AOC) reduction was 98 % after 8 times recirculation. Metagenomic analysis revealed that Proteobacteria was the most dominant phylum in the biofilter. Many known polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) degraders, such as Sphingomonadales, Burkholderiales, Rhodobacterales and Rhodospirillales, were found in the biofilter leading to high removal efficiency of hazardous organic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Sinha
- Environmental Science and Engineering Department, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India
| | - Suparna Mukherji
- Environmental Science and Engineering Department, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India.
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Guzman J, Recoco GA, Pandi AW, Padrones JM, Ignacio JJ. Evaluating workplace safety in the oil and gas industry during the COVID-19 pandemic using occupational health and safety Vulnerability Measure and partial least square Structural Equation Modelling. CLEANER ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 6:100378. [PMID: 35013732 PMCID: PMC8730645 DOI: 10.1016/j.clet.2021.100378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The study aims to apply the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to model workplace safety in the Oil and Gas Industry (OGI) during the COVID-19 pandemic. The five areas of the Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) Vulnerability Measure (e.g., Exposure to Workplace Hazards, Policies and Procedures in the Workplace, Perception on Health & Safety Culture in the Workplace, Self-Awareness in Health & Safety Procedures and Responsibilities, and Preventive Measure for Prevention of the Transmission of COVID-19 at Workplace) were considered as the constructs to be evaluated. Fifty workers from the oil and gas industry worldwide participated in the online survey, and the data were analyzed using the SmartPLS software. The results revealed that only Perception on Health & Safety Culture was a significant factor influencing the perceived workplace safety in the OGI during the COVID-19 pandemic (β = 0.603; t-value = 3.323; p-value = 0.001). The study suggested that the oil and gas companies should maintain a positive perception of health and safety culture to improve workplace safety even during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Guzman
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, College of Engineering, Architecture and Technology, Palawan State University-Main Campus, Tiniguiban Heights, Tiniguiban, Puerto Princesa City, 5300, Palawan, Philippines
| | - Gwen Arianne Recoco
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, College of Engineering, Architecture and Technology, Palawan State University-Main Campus, Tiniguiban Heights, Tiniguiban, Puerto Princesa City, 5300, Palawan, Philippines
| | - Al Wahid Pandi
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, College of Engineering, Architecture and Technology, Palawan State University-Main Campus, Tiniguiban Heights, Tiniguiban, Puerto Princesa City, 5300, Palawan, Philippines
| | - Jerico M Padrones
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, College of Engineering, Architecture and Technology, Palawan State University-Main Campus, Tiniguiban Heights, Tiniguiban, Puerto Princesa City, 5300, Palawan, Philippines
- Department of Mathematics, College of Science, Palawan State University-Main Campus, Tiniguiban Heights, Tiniguiban, Puerto Princesa City, 5300 Palawan, Philippines, 5300, Palawan, Philippines
| | - Jonathan Jared Ignacio
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, College of Engineering, Architecture and Technology, Palawan State University-Main Campus, Tiniguiban Heights, Tiniguiban, Puerto Princesa City, 5300, Palawan, Philippines
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Rahimi Moghadam S, Afshari M, Ganjali A, Moosazadeh M. Effect of occupational exposure to petrol and gasoline components on liver and renal biochemical parameters among gas station attendants, a review and meta-analysis. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2020; 35:517-530. [PMID: 32853169 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2019-0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Kidney and liver are of the most affected organs during permanent exposure to petrol and gasoline components in gas stations. This study aims to investigate the renal and liver involvements in these workers using meta-analysis. METHODS PubMed, Scopus, Science direct, ISI web of science, and Google scholar motor engine were searched using Mesh terms of the relevant keywords. Screening of titles, abstracts and full texts was continued until the eligible articles meeting the inclusion/exclusion criteria were selected. Quality assessment was conducted using NOS (Newcastle-Ottawa Quality score). The pooled standard mean difference of the renal and liver indices between exposed/unexposed groups was estimated using Stata ver. 11 software. RESULTS In this systematic review, 22 papers were entered. The pooled standard mean difference (95% confidence interval) between exposed and unexposed groups was estimated as of 0.74 (0.28, 1.21) for alkaline phosphatase (ALP), 2.44 (1.80, 3.08) for aspartate transaminase (AST), 2.06 (1.42, 2.69) for alanine transaminase (ALT), 0.10 (-0.09, 0.29) for total Bilirubin (TB), 0.74 (-0.42, -1.90) for total protein (TP), -0.49 (-0.82, -0.15) for albumin, 0.88 (-0.10, 1.87) for uric acid, 1.02 (0.45, 1.59) for creatinine and 1.44 (0.75, 2.13) for blood urea nitrogen (BUN). CONCLUSION Our meta-analysis showed that the serum AST, ALT, ALP, total protein, total bilirubin, BUN, uric acid and creatinine levels were higher among workers exposed to petrol and gasoline than control group, while albumin was lower in the serum of the exposed workers. Therefore, occupational exposure to gasoline stations can create adverse effects on kidney and liver function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Rahimi Moghadam
- Department of Occupational Health, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Mahdi Afshari
- Department of Community Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Ali Ganjali
- Student Research Committee, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Mahmood Moosazadeh
- Health Sciences Research Center, Addiction Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Islamic Republic of Iran
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Comprehensive Evaluation System of Occupational Hazard Prevention and Control in Iron and Steel Enterprises Based on A Modified Delphi Technique. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17020667. [PMID: 31968580 PMCID: PMC7013593 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17020667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The study designs a comprehensive evaluation system for the prevention and control of occupational hazards, calculates its weight coefficient, and provides a potential strategic and effective tool for the scientific evaluation of occupational hazards in the iron and steel enterprises. The system was established through induction and analysis of relevant literature, personal interview, theoretical analysis, Delphi expert consultation, and special group discussions. Using an improved analytical hierarchy process fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model and on the basis of the improved Delphi expert investigation, the weight of the operability comprehensive evaluation index system is constructed. A three-level index system is established on the basis of harmful factors of occupational activities, health status of employees, protection facilities of occupational hazards, occupational health management, and so on. The index system structure is 4-20-95, and the weight coefficients of the four dimensions are 0.2516, 0.2428, 0.2550, and 0.2506. The recovery rate of the questionnaire was 82.5%, 100.0%, and 100.0%. The effective rates were 75.0%, 100.0%, and 100.0%. Conversely, the expert authority coefficients of the four dimensions are 0.875, 0.769, 0.832 and 0.800. Results show that the consistency factors of the four dimensions are statistically significant. Cronbach’s α coefficient, standardized Cronbach’s α coefficient, and split-half reliability of the comprehensive evaluation index system are 0.959, 0.950, and 0.810, respectively. After factor analysis, four common factors were extracted on the basis of expert opinions, and the cumulative variance was 63.1%. The comprehensive evaluation system for the prevention and control of occupational hazards in the iron and steel enterprises proposed by the study is relatively complete and reasonable.
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Nwidu LL, Oboma YI, Elmorsy E, Carter WG. Hepatoprotective effect of hydromethanolic leaf extract of Musanga cecropioides (Urticaceae) on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury and oxidative stress. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2018; 13:344-354. [PMID: 31435346 PMCID: PMC6694957 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Natural antioxidant products are gaining popularity as treatments for various pathological liver injuries. Musanga cecropioides (Urticaceae) leaf extract is used in ethnomedicine for the management of jaundice and other hepatic ailments in Ibibio, Nigeria. This study evaluated the hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of M. cecropioides hydromethanolic leaf (MCHL) extract against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Methods Liver damage was induced by administering CCl4 dissolved in liquid paraffin (2 mL/kg bw 1:1 intraperitoneally) after pretreatment with MCHL extract for 7 days. Thereafter, acute hepatotoxicity was evaluated in 36 Wistar rats divided into six groups (A–F) of six animals each. Group A served as the negative control; B received CCl4 1 mL/kg only; C–E received 70.7, 141.4, and 282.8 mg/kg MCHL extract, respectively; and F received silymarin 100 mg/kg daily for 7 days by oral gavage. After 48 h, the rats were sacrificed, and samples obtained from them were assayed for histological and biochemical biomarkers of hepatotoxicity. Results The MCHL extracts significantly (p < 0.001–0.05) reduced the increase in aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), conjugated bilirubin (CBIL), and total bilirubin (TBIL) levels induced by CCl4 intoxication. There was no significant alteration in haematological indices or weight following administration of the MCHL extracts. Histopathological examinations revealed mitotic bodies in the 141.4 mg/kg MCHL extract-treated rats, an indication of tissue repair processes. Conclusion The MCHL extract has a dose-specific hepatoprotective effect; hence, the utilisation of this extract for the management of hepatitis requires caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucky L Nwidu
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria
| | - Yibala I Oboma
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt
| | - Ekramy Elmorsy
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College Health Sciences, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria
| | - Wayne G Carter
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Royal Derby Hospital Centre, Derby, UK
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Kamal A, Cincinelli A, Martellini T, Palchetti I, Bettazzi F, Malik RN. Health and carcinogenic risk evaluation for cohorts exposed to PAHs in petrochemical workplaces in Rawalpindi city (Pakistan). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2015; 26:37-57. [PMID: 25742192 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2015.1007843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study presents the analyses of urinary biomarkers (1-OHPyr, α- and β-naphthols) of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) exposure and biomarkers of effect (i.e. blood parameters) in petroleum-refinery workers (RFs) and auto-repair workers (MCs). Exposed subjects had higher concentrations of white blood cell (WBC) count than control subjects (CN) subjects (5.31 × 10(3) μL(-1) in exposed vs. 5.15 × 10(3) μL(-1) in CN subjects), while the biomarker of oxidative DNA damage (8-OHdG) was significantly higher in MCs. The exposure among these two cohorts could be influenced by the ambience of the workplaces; in fact, MCs' shops are relatively damp and enclosed workplaces in comparison with the indoor environment of refineries. PAHs in the dust samples from mechanical workshops probably originated from mixed sources (traffic exhaust and petroleum spills), while the incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) for MCs showed moderate-to-low cancer risk from exposure to dust-bound PAHs. The study shows that increasing PAH exposure can be traced in MC workstations and needs to be investigated for the safety of public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atif Kamal
- a Environmental Biology and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences , Quaid-I-Azam University , Islamabad , Pakistan
| | | | - Tania Martellini
- b Department of Chemistry , University of Florence , Florence , Italy
| | - Ilaria Palchetti
- b Department of Chemistry , University of Florence , Florence , Italy
| | | | - Riffat Naseem Malik
- a Environmental Biology and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences , Quaid-I-Azam University , Islamabad , Pakistan
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