1
|
Bagchi A, Madaj Z, Engel KB, Guan P, Rohrer DC, Valley DR, Wolfrum E, Feenstra K, Roche N, Hostetter G, Moore HM, Jewell SD. Impact of Preanalytical Factors on the Measurement of Tumor Tissue Biomarkers Using Immunohistochemistry. J Histochem Cytochem 2021; 69:297-320. [PMID: 33641490 PMCID: PMC8091543 DOI: 10.1369/0022155421995600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Analysis of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue by immunohistochemistry (IHC) is commonplace in clinical and research laboratories. However, reports suggest that IHC results can be compromised by biospecimen preanalytical factors. The National Cancer Institute's Biospecimen Preanalytical Variables Program conducted a systematic study to examine the potential effects of delay to fixation (DTF) and time in fixative (TIF) on IHC using 24 cancer biomarkers. Differences in IHC staining, relative to controls with a DTF of 1 hr, were observed in FFPE kidney tumor specimens after a DTF of ≥2 hr. Reductions in H-score and/or staining intensity were observed for c-MET, p53, PAX2, PAX8, pAKT, and survivin, whereas increases were observed for RCC1, EGFR, and CD10. Prolonged TIF of 72 hr resulted in significantly reduced H-scores of CD44 and c-Met in kidney tumor specimens, compared with controls with 12-hr TIF. An elevated probability of altered staining intensity due to DTF was observed for nine antigens, whereas for prolonged TIF an elevated probability was observed for one antigen. Results reported here and elsewhere across tumor types and antigens support limiting DTF to ≤1 hr when possible and fixing tissues in formalin for 12-24 hr to avoid confounding effects of these preanalytical factors on IHC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Bagchi
- Pathology and Biorepository Core, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan
- Spectrum Health Helen DeVos Children’s Hospital, Grand Rapids, Michigan
- St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Zachary Madaj
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | | | - Ping Guan
- Biorepositories and Biospecimen Research Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | | | - Emily Wolfrum
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Kristin Feenstra
- Pathology and Biorepository Core, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Nancy Roche
- Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick, Maryland
| | - Galen Hostetter
- Pathology and Biorepository Core, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Helen M. Moore
- Biorepositories and Biospecimen Research Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Scott D. Jewell
- Pathology and Biorepository Core, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen YC, Tan X, Sun Q, Chen Q, Wang W, Fan X. Laser-emission imaging of nuclear biomarkers for high-contrast cancer screening and immunodiagnosis. Nat Biomed Eng 2017; 1:724-735. [PMID: 29204310 PMCID: PMC5711465 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-017-0128-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Detection of nuclear biomarkers such as nucleic acids and nuclear proteins is critical for early-stage cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Conventional methods relying on morphological assessment of cell nuclei in histopathology slides may be subjective, whereas colorimetric immunohistochemical and fluorescence-based imaging are limited by strong light absorption, broad-emission bands and low contrast. Here, we describe the development and use of a scanning laser-emission-based microscope that maps lasing emissions from nuclear biomarkers in human tissues. 41 tissue samples from 35 patients labelled with site-specific and biomarker-specific antibody-conjugated dyes were sandwiched in a Fabry-Pérot microcavity while an excitation laser beam built a laser-emission image. We observed multiple sub-cellular lasing emissions from cancer cell nuclei, with a threshold of tens of μJ/mm2, sub-micron resolution (<700 nm), and a lasing band in the few-nanometre range. Different lasing thresholds of nuclei in cancer and normal tissues enabled the identification and multiplexed detection of nuclear proteomic biomarkers, with a high sensitivity for early-stage cancer diagnosis. Laser-emission-based cancer screening and immunodiagnosis might find use in precision medicine and facilitate research in cell biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Cheng Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1101 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Xiaotian Tan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1101 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Qihan Sun
- Department of Computer Science, University of Michigan, 1101 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Qiushu Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1101 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Wenjie Wang
- Key Lab of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control System of Ministry of Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, 79 Yingze Street, Taiyuan, 030024, P. R. China
| | - Xudong Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1101 Beal Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sharip A, Abdukhakimova D, Wang X, Kim A, Kim Y, Sharip A, Orakov A, Miao L, Sun Q, Chen Y, Chen Z, Xie Y. Analysis of origin and protein-protein interaction maps suggests distinct oncogenic role of nuclear EGFR during cancer evolution. J Cancer 2017; 8:903-912. [PMID: 28382154 PMCID: PMC5381180 DOI: 10.7150/jca.17961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinase EGFR usually is localized on plasma membrane to induce progression of many cancers including cancers in children (Bodey et al. In Vivo. 2005, 19:931-41), but it contains a nuclear localization signal (NLS) that mediates EGFR nuclear translocation (Lin et al. Nat Cell Biol. 2001, 3:802-8). Here we report that NLS of EGFR has its old evolutionary origin. Protein-protein interaction maps suggests that nEGFR pathways are different from membrane EGFR and EGF is not found in nEGFR network while androgen receptor (AR) is found, which suggests the evolution of prostate cancer, a well-known AR driven cancer, through changes in androgen- or EGF-dependence. Database analysis suggests that nEGFR correlates with the tumor grades especially in prostate cancer patients. Structural predication analysis suggests that NLS can compromise the differential protein binding to EGFR through stretch linkers with evolutionary mutation from N to V. In experiment, elevation of nEGFR but not membrane EGFR was found in castration resistant prostate cancer cells. Finally, systems analysis of NLS and transmembrane domain (TM) suggests that NLS has old origin while NLS neighboring domain of TM has been undergone accelerated evolution. Thus nEGFR has an old origin resembling the cancer evolution but TM may interfere with NLS driven signaling for natural selection of survival to evade NLS induced aggressive cancers. Our data suggest NLS is a dynamic inducer of EGFR oncogenesis during evolution for advanced cancers. Our model provides novel insights into the evolutionary role of NLS of oncogenic kinases in cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ainur Sharip
- Department of Biology, School of Science and Technology, Nazarbayev University, Astana, 010000, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Diyora Abdukhakimova
- Department of Biology, School of Science and Technology, Nazarbayev University, Astana, 010000, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Xiao Wang
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Shandong Academy of Sciences, 19 Keyuan Street, Jinan, 250014, P.R. China
| | - Alexey Kim
- Department of Biology, School of Science and Technology, Nazarbayev University, Astana, 010000, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Yevgeniy Kim
- Department of Biology, School of Science and Technology, Nazarbayev University, Astana, 010000, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Aigul Sharip
- Department of Biology, School of Science and Technology, Nazarbayev University, Astana, 010000, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Askarbek Orakov
- Department of Biology, School of Science and Technology, Nazarbayev University, Astana, 010000, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Lixia Miao
- College of Basic Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430071, P.R. China
| | - Qinglei Sun
- Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Shandong Academy of Sciences, 19 Keyuan Street, Jinan, 250014, P.R. China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37203, USA
| | - Zhenbang Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, 37201, USA
| | - Yingqiu Xie
- Department of Biology, School of Science and Technology, Nazarbayev University, Astana, 010000, Republic of Kazakhstan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Showeil R, Romano C, Valganon M, Lambros M, Trivedi P, Van Noorden S, Sriraksa R, El-Kaffash D, El-Etreby N, Natrajan R, Foroni L, Osborne R, El-Bahrawy M. The status of epidermal growth factor receptor in borderline ovarian tumours. Oncotarget 2016; 7:10568-77. [PMID: 26870997 PMCID: PMC4891141 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The majority of borderline ovarian tumours (BOTs) behave in a benign fashion, but some may show aggressive behavior. The reason behind this has not been elucidated. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is known to contribute to cell survival signals as well as metastatic potential of some tumours. EGFR expression and gene status have not been thoroughly investigated in BOTs as it has in ovarian carcinomas. In this study we explore protein expression as well as gene mutations and amplifications of EGFR in BOTs in comparison to a subset of other epithelial ovarian tumours. We studied 85 tumours, including 61 BOTs, 10 low grade serous carcinomas (LGSCs), 9 high grade serous carcinomas (HGSCs) and 5 benign epithelial tumours. EGFR protein expression was studied using immunohistochemistry. Mutations were investigated by Sanger sequencing exons 18-21 of the tyrosine kinase domain of EGFR. Cases with comparatively higher protein expression were examined for gene amplification by chromogenic in situ hybridization. We also studied the tumours for KRAS and BRAF mutations. Immunohistochemistry results revealed both cytoplasmic and nuclear EGFR expression with variable degrees between tumours. The level of nuclear localization was relatively higher in BOTs and LGSCs as compared to HGSCs or benign tumours. The degree of nuclear expression of BOTs showed no significant difference from that in LGSCs (mean ranks 36.48, 33.05, respectively, p=0.625), but was significantly higher than in HGSCs (mean ranks: 38.88, 12.61 respectively, p< 0.001) and benign tumours (mean ranks: 35.18, 13.00 respectively, p= 0.010). Cytoplasmic expression level was higher in LGSCs. No EGFR gene mutations or amplification were identified, yet different polymorphisms were detected. Five different types of point mutations in the KRAS gene and the V600E BRAF mutation were detected exclusively in BOTs and LGSCs. Our study reports for the first time nuclear localization of EGFR in BOTs. The nuclear localization similarities between BOTs and LGSCs and not HGSCs support the hypothesis suggesting evolution of LGSCs from BOTs. We also confirm that EGFR mutations and amplifications are not molecular events in the pathogenesis of BOTs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rania Showeil
- Department of Histopathology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Claudia Romano
- Imperial Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mikel Valganon
- Imperial Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maryou Lambros
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pritesh Trivedi
- Department of Histopathology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Van Noorden
- Department of Histopathology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ruethairat Sriraksa
- Epigenetics Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon CEDEX 08, France
| | - Dalal El-Kaffash
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nour El-Etreby
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Rachael Natrajan
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Letizia Foroni
- Imperial Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Osborne
- Dorset Cancer Centre, Poole Hospital, Dorset, United Kingdom
| | - Mona El-Bahrawy
- Department of Histopathology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Xu P, Zhao M, Liu Z, Liu Y, Chen Y, Luo R, Fang W. Elevated nuclear CCND1 expression confers an unfavorable prognosis for early stage lung adenocarcinoma patients. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:15887-15894. [PMID: 26884860 PMCID: PMC4730073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSES To examine the expression pattern of CCND1 and analyze the correlation of its nuclear expression with clinicopathologic features and prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma. METHODS CCND1 mRNA and protein levels in lung adenocarcinoma tissues were examined. The relationship between nuclear CCND1 protein expression and clinical features including survival prognosis was analyzed. RESULTS CCND1 mRNA levels were markedly increased in lung adenocarcinoma (P=0.0019). Western blot analysis confirmed increased nuclear CCND1 protein expression in lung adenocarcinoma specimens. Immunohistochemistry analysis confirmed that CCND1 protein was predominantly nuclear localized in lung adenocarcinoma cells and significantly elevated relative to normal lung tissues (P<0.001). Furthermore, high levels of nuclear CCND1 were positively correlated with clinical stage (P=0.026). Patients with nuclear CCND1 expression had a significantly shorter overall survival time than did patients with low expression. Interestingly, nuclear CCND1 expression in clinical stage I+II, but not clinical stage III, was shown associated with poor prognosis and shorter overall survival time for lung adenocarcinoma patients by strata analysis. Finally, nuclear CCND1 expression tended to be an independent prognostic indicator (P=0.087) for lung adenocarcinoma patient survival. CONCLUSION Increased nuclear CCND1 is a potential unfavorable prognostic factor for lung adenocarcinoma patients, especially those with clinical early stage (stage I+II).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Xu
- Cancer Center, TCM-Integrated Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
- Peking University Shenzhen HospitalShenzhen, PR China
| | - Mengyang Zhao
- Cancer Center, TCM-Integrated Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Cancer Center, TCM-Integrated Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
- Dpartment of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Guangzhou Medical CollegeGuangzhou, PR China
| | - Yiyi Liu
- Cancer Center, TCM-Integrated Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Yiyu Chen
- Cancer Center, TCM-Integrated Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Rongcheng Luo
- Cancer Center, TCM-Integrated Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Weiyi Fang
- Cancer Center, TCM-Integrated Hospital, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhou, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
EGFR and cyclin D1 in nodular melanoma: correlation with pathohistological parameters and overall survival. Melanoma Res 2015; 24:584-91. [PMID: 25304234 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Considering that nodular melanoma (NM) has the potential to show an early distant metastasis, there is an urgent need for the discovery and evaluation of new diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. We aimed to investigate the protein expression of membrane and nuclear epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), cyclin D1, and the corresponding gene status in NM samples and correlate the results obtained with clinicopathological parameters and overall survival of patients. Immunohistochemical and fluorescence in-situ hybridization analyses were carried out on tissue microarrays constructed from 110 NM samples, 30 compound nevi, and 38 dysplastic nevi. NM samples showed 24% strong cyclin D1 and 37% strong Ki67 protein expression compared with 3 and 0% strong cyclin D1 and Ki67 expression in the control group. Membrane EGFR expression was detected in 50% of NM cases, whereas EGFR gene amplification was detected in only 4% of NM cases. Multiple NM samples presented simultaneous membrane and nuclear EGFR expression. We found a negative correlation between tumor thickness and membrane EGFR expression. It was also observed that membrane EGFR 3+ NM samples presented ulceration significantly more often than membrane EGFR-negative (0) NM samples. In univariate analysis, carried out on 44 patients with follow-up data, both nuclear and membrane EGFR overexpression showed a correlation with a shorter overall survival. Nuclear EGFR (++, +++) showed 3.06 and membrane EGFR (2+, 3+) showed 2.76 higher risk of mortality compared with patients with low and negative nuclear and membrane EGFR expression (P<0.05).
Collapse
|
7
|
Pereira NB, do Carmo ACDM, Diniz MG, Gomez RS, Gomes DA, Gomes CC. Nuclear localization of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in ameloblastomas. Oncotarget 2015; 6:9679-85. [PMID: 25991665 PMCID: PMC4496389 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ameloblastoma is a locally invasive neoplasm often associated with morbidity and facial deformities, showing increased Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) expression. Inhibition of EGFR was suggested as a treatment option for a subset of ameloblastomas. However, there are resistance mechanisms that impair anti-EGFR therapies. One important resistance mechanism for EGFR-inhibition is the EGFR nuclear localization, which activates genes responsible for its mitogenic effects, such as Cyclin D1. METHODS We assessed EGFR nuclear localization in encapsulated (unicystic, n = 3) and infiltrative (multicystic, n = 11) ameloblastomas and its colocalization with Cyclin D1 by using anti-EGFR and anti-lamin B1 double labeling immunofluorescence analyzed by confocal microscopy. Oral inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia and oral squamous cell carcinoma samples were used for comparison. RESULTS Twelve cases of ameloblastoma exhibited nuclear EGFR colocalization with lamin B1. This positive staining was mainly observed in the ameloblast-like cells. The EGFR nuclear localization was also observed in control samples. In addition, nuclear EGFR colocalized with Cyclin D1 in ameloblastomas. CONCLUSIONS Nuclear EGFR occurs in ameloblastomas in association with Cyclin D1 expression, which is important in terms of tumor biology clarification and raises a concern about anti-EGFR treatment resistance in ameloblastomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Núbia Braga Pereira
- Department of Pathology, Biological Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina de Melo do Carmo
- Department of Pathology, Biological Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Marina Gonçalves Diniz
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Santiago Gomez
- Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Dawidson Assis Gomes
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Biological Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Carolina Cavalieri Gomes
- Department of Pathology, Biological Sciences Institute, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chen C, Wang L, Liao Q, Huang Y, Ye H, Chen F, Xu L, Ye M, Duan S. Hypermethylation of EDNRB promoter contributes to the risk of colorectal cancer. Diagn Pathol 2013; 8:199. [PMID: 24326135 PMCID: PMC4029727 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-8-199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common digestive malignancies in the world. EDNRB is a new candidate tumor suppressor gene which is often down-regulated or even silenced by promoter hypermethylation in various human cancers. However, the function of EDNRB gene in CRC remains unknown. In this study, we examined the expression and DNA methylation of EDNRB in CRC tissues. METHODS A total of 42 paired CRC and adjacent normal tissue samples were used to determine mRNA levels and DNA methylation status of EDNRB gene by qRT-PCR and methylation-specific PCR (MSP), respectively. RESULTS Our study showed that EDNRB promoter hypermethylation was more frequently in CRC tissues than in the normal tissues (92.86 versus 59.52, p = 0.001). Consequently, significantly lower level of EDNRB mRNA was found in CRC tumor samples than in normal samples (0.31 ± 0.91 versus 0.70 ± 1.18, p = 0.032). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested that EDNRB promoter hypermethylation might downregulate its gene expression in CRC, and thus played an important role in the development of CRC. THE VIRTUAL SLIDE The virtual slides for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/7420980471113303.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Meng Ye
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China.
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gurzu S, Jung I, Comsulea M, Kadar Z, Azamfirei L, Molnar C. Lethal cardiotoxicity, steatohepatitis, chronic pancreatitis, and acute enteritis induced by capecitabine and oxaliplatin in a 36-year-old woman. Diagn Pathol 2013; 8:150. [PMID: 24041405 PMCID: PMC3856521 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-8-150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED A 36-year-old female was hospitalized with symptoms suggesting intestinal occlusion. She was diagnosed with adenocarcinoma of the ampulla of Vater (pT4N0 stage) and underwent cephalic duodenopancreatectomy 8 months ago. Five cycles of postoperative chemotherapy were administrated using capecitabine and oxaliplatin (CAPOX or XELOX), the last one being completed 1 month ago. During the present hospitalization, because of normal computed tomography and ultrasound abdominal examination, rehydration and antibiotherapy were administrated. However, 4 days after hospital admission, the patient died. At autopsy and histological examination, we found a severe myocardial sclerosis with large scarring areas, severe steatohepatitis, chronic pancreatitis with large fibrotic areas, and acute enteritis. Alcohol consumption was denied. The patient died due to associated heart, liver and pancreatic failure. This multiorgan toxicity and death following CAPOX regimen had not yet been reported in the literature. VIRTUAL SLIDES The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/6472150549833105.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Gurzu
- Department of Pathology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Tirgu-Mures, Tirgu-Mures, Romania
| | - Ioan Jung
- Department of Pathology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Tirgu-Mures, Tirgu-Mures, Romania
| | - Maria Comsulea
- Department of Pathology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Tirgu-Mures, Tirgu-Mures, Romania
| | - Zoltan Kadar
- Department of Oncology, County Hospital of Tirgu-Mures, Tirgu-Mures, Romania
| | - Leonard Azamfirei
- Intensive Care Unit, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Tirgu-Mures, Tirgu-Mures, Romania
| | - Calin Molnar
- Department of Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Tirgu-Mures, Tirgu-Mures, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Liang S, Mu K, Wang Y, Zhou Z, Zhang J, Sheng Y, Zhang T. CyclinD1, a prominent prognostic marker for endometrial diseases. Diagn Pathol 2013; 8:138. [PMID: 23947899 PMCID: PMC3846687 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-8-138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Alteration of CyclinD1 was suggested to relate with development of endometrial carcinogenesis before, however CyclinD1 expression is not well defined in endometrial hyperplasia lesions. We checked the relationship between its expression and clinic-pathological variables of endometrial lesions to explore the possibility for CyclinD1 as a potential diagnostic and prognostic marker. Methods Cyclin D1 immunohistochemical analysis (IHC) was used to evaluate 201 fixed, paraffin-embedded endometrial samples which included simple hyperplasia (n = 27), atypical complex hyperplasia (ACH) (n = 41), endometrioid carcinoma (n = 103), endometrial serous carcinoma (ESC) (n = 21) and clear cell carcinoma (CCC) (n = 9). A breast cancer with known CyclinD1 expression was selected as a positive control in each immunohistochemistry run. We also performed follow-up study to estimate patients’ prognosis. Results CyclinD1 was significantly overexpressed in atypical complex hyperplasia (ACH), endometrioid carcinoma and clear cell carcinoma (CCC). The positive signaling of CyclinD1 was showed less than 40% in simple hyperplasia and endometrial serous carcinoma (ESC). The high expression of CyclinD1 was observed in metastasis carcinoma group more significantly than non-metastasis carcinoma group. Kaplan Meier analysis demonstrated that patients with high CyclinD1 expression had an obviously poor prognosis than patients without CyclinD1 staining (p < 0.05). Moreover, according to multivariate Cox regression analysis, CyclinD1 expression, as crucial as metastasis, was a risk marker for overall survival rate. Conclusion CyclinD1 exhibited a promising potential to predict the prognosis of patients with endometrial carcinoma. However, the statistical analysis demonstrated that CyclinD1 exhibited a poor ability to differentiate neoplastic lesions from non-neoplastic lesions; thus, the application of CyclinD1 only is not so credible for differentiation between benign and malignant lesions. Virtual slides The virtual slides for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1871063048950173.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Liang
- Department of Pathology, Shandong University School of Medicine, 44#, Wenhua Xi Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Pancione M, Remo A, Sabatino L, Zanella C, Votino C, Fucci A, Di Blasi A, Lepore G, Daniele B, Fenizia F, Molinari E, Normanno N, Manfrin E, Vendraminelli R, Colantuoni V. Right-sided rhabdoid colorectal tumors might be related to the serrated pathway. Diagn Pathol 2013; 8:31. [PMID: 23425390 PMCID: PMC3640919 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-8-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rhabdoid colorectal tumor (RCT) is a rare, highly aggressive neoplasm recurrent in elderly patients, commonly at the caecum. The molecular mechanisms underlying RCT pathogenesis remain poorly elucidated. The differential diagnosis is with the malignant rhabdoid tumors of infancy characterized by genetic inactivation of SMARCB1 (INI1) or deletions of chromosome 22q12 locus. MATERIALS AND METHODS To shed light on RCT pathogenesis, we investigated genetic and epigenetic alterations in two cases of pure and composite RCT and compared them with the profiles of matched adenomas and normal mucosa. Immunohistochemical analysis, FISH, methylation specific PCR and DNA sequencing analysis were performed on paraffin-embedded tissues. RESULTS Loss of epithelial markers, (CK20, CDX2 and E-cadherin) and intense vimentin expression was observed in RCTs but neither in the normal mucosa or adenomas. INI1 expression was detected in normal mucosa, adenomas and retained in pure RCT, while it was undetected in composite RCT. Rearrangement of the 22q12 locus was found only in pure RCT. The APC/β-catenin pathway was not altered, while MLH1 immunostaining was negative in RCTs and positive in adenomas and normal mucosa. These expression profiles were associated with V600E BRAF mutation, a progressive accumulation of promoter methylation at specific CIMP loci and additional genes from the normal mucosa to tubular adenoma and RCT. CONCLUSIONS Right-sided RCT could be characterized by epigenetic events and molecular features likely similar to those occurring in the serrated pathway and associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition. These extremely rare tumors may benefit from the use of new biological molecules specific for colorectal carcinoma. VIRTUAL SLIDES The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1641385210804556.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Pancione
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang YN, Hung MC. Nuclear functions and subcellular trafficking mechanisms of the epidermal growth factor receptor family. Cell Biosci 2012; 2:13. [PMID: 22520625 PMCID: PMC3418567 DOI: 10.1186/2045-3701-2-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that various diseases, including many types of cancer, result from alteration of subcellular protein localization and compartmentalization. Therefore, it is worthwhile to expand our knowledge in subcellular trafficking of proteins, such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and ErbB-2 of the receptor tyrosine kinases, which are highly expressed and activated in human malignancies and frequently correlated with poor prognosis. The well-characterized trafficking of cell surface EGFR is routed, via endocytosis and endosomal sorting, to either the lysosomes for degradation or back to the plasma membrane for recycling. A novel nuclear mode of EGFR signaling pathway has been gradually deciphered in which EGFR is shuttled from the cell surface to the nucleus after endocytosis, and there, it acts as a transcriptional regulator, transmits signals, and is involved in multiple biological functions, including cell proliferation, tumor progression, DNA repair and replication, and chemo- and radio-resistance. Internalized EGFR can also be transported from the cell surface to several intracellular compartments, such as the Golgi apparatus, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the mitochondria, in addition to the nucleus. In this review, we will summarize the functions of nuclear EGFR family and the potential pathways by which EGFR is trafficked from the cell surface to a variety of cellular organelles. A better understanding of the molecular mechanism of EGFR trafficking will shed light on both the receptor biology and potential therapeutic targets of anti-EGFR therapies for clinical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Nai Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|