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Vijayakumar G, Kamboj M, Narwal A, Sharma G. Diagnostic reliability of c-KIT (CD117) in salivary gland tumours - A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2024; 28:11-20. [PMID: 38800447 PMCID: PMC11126241 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_70_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
c-KIT is an important diagnostic marker in salivary gland tumours and is expressed in most adenoid cystic carcinomas. Histologically similar salivary gland tumours with variable immunohistochemical expression for c-KIT pose a challenge and make diagnostic reliability ambivalent. An electronic search was performed in MEDLINE by PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Trip, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE up to 31 December 2023, without period restriction. The articles that investigated CD117 or c-KIT in salivary gland tumours were included for review. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of c-KIT immunohistochemical expressions were derived and subjected to meta-analysis using Open Meta analyst for Sierra software. The risk of bias in selected studies was analysed using the QUADAS-2 tool, and RevMan 5.4 was used to output the result. Forty-three articles were reviewed, and 2285 salivary gland cases were analysed. Adenoid cystic carcinoma had an overall expression of 84.9%. A similar expression was found in epimyoepithelial carcinoma (79.1%), lymphoepithelial carcinoma (75%), myoepithelial carcinoma (60.8%), monomorphic adenoma (94.1%), and pleomorphic adenoma (74.7%). The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of c-KIT/CD117 for adenoid cystic carcinoma with other salivary gland tumours were 84.99%, 69.09%, 84.79%, and 69.41%, respectively. Current evidence shows that c-KIT, despite its sensitivity, is not specific and therefore cannot be a useful diagnostic marker for distinguishing adenoid cystic carcinoma from other salivary gland tumours. Further research on other salivary gland tumours that exhibit comparable expression is necessary to validate the diagnostic accuracy of c-KIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopikrishnan Vijayakumar
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Mala Kamboj
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Anjali Narwal
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India
| | - Gitika Sharma
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India
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Zhou F, Jiang R, Li S, He X, Li Y. Pulmonary Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma Mimicking Asthma-Like Symptoms: A Case Report and Literature Review. Case Rep Oncol 2024; 17:150-160. [PMID: 38288460 PMCID: PMC10824526 DOI: 10.1159/000535505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pulmonary adenoid cystic carcinoma (PACC) is a rare, low-grade malignant salivary gland-type tumor characterized by a dormant onset and slow progression, often leading to misdiagnosis. Due to its rarity, limited cases have been reported in the literature. This report aimed to enhance clinicians' understanding of this infrequent disease. Case Presentation We present the case of a 41-year-old female patient diagnosed with PACC. Our report provides a comprehensive analysis of the patient's imaging, pathology, and treatment, with a particular focus on immunohistochemical results. Importantly, we emphasize the significance of considering foreign bodies and tumors in the bronchus when encountering asthma-like symptoms unresponsive to conventional treatments. Due to the uncertain etiology and pathophysiology of PACC, there are currently no established guidelines for chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Conclusion PACC predominantly manifests as bronchial lesions without significant clinical heterogeneity. Therefore, it is crucial to consider foreign bodies and tumors in the bronchus when dealing with asthma-like symptoms, especially in patients without chronic lung disease who do not respond to anti-infective, antispasmodic, and antiasthmatic treatments. Additionally, meticulous examination of lesions is essential for timely diagnosis and intervention, ultimately improving patient survival rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhou
- Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Rong Jiang
- Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | | | - Xiaojie He
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yongxia Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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Lv X, Murphy K, Murphy Z, Getman M, Rahman N, Nakamura Y, Blanc L, Gallagher PG, Palis J, Mohandas N, Steiner LA. HEXIM1 is an essential transcription regulator during human erythropoiesis. Blood 2023; 142:2198-2215. [PMID: 37738561 PMCID: PMC10733840 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022019495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Regulation of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) activity is an essential process that governs gene expression; however, its contribution to the fundamental process of erythropoiesis remains unclear. hexamethylene bis-acetamide inducible 1 (HEXIM1) regulates RNAPII activity by controlling the location and activity of positive transcription factor β. We identified a key role for HEXIM1 in controlling erythroid gene expression and function, with overexpression of HEXIM1 promoting erythroid proliferation and fetal globin expression. HEXIM1 regulated erythroid proliferation by enforcing RNAPII pausing at cell cycle check point genes and increasing RNAPII occupancy at genes that promote cycle progression. Genome-wide profiling of HEXIM1 revealed that it was increased at both repressed and activated genes. Surprisingly, there were also genome-wide changes in the distribution of GATA-binding factor 1 (GATA1) and RNAPII. The most dramatic changes occurred at the β-globin loci, where there was loss of RNAPII and GATA1 at β-globin and gain of these factors at γ-globin. This resulted in increased expression of fetal globin, and BGLT3, a long noncoding RNA in the β-globin locus that regulates fetal globin expression. GATA1 was a key determinant of the ability of HEXIM1 to repress or activate gene expression. Genes that gained both HEXIM1 and GATA1 had increased RNAPII and increased gene expression, whereas genes that gained HEXIM1 but lost GATA1 had an increase in RNAPII pausing and decreased expression. Together, our findings reveal a central role for universal transcription machinery in regulating key aspects of erythropoiesis, including cell cycle progression and fetal gene expression, which could be exploited for therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiurui Lv
- Center for Child Health Research, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY
| | - Kristin Murphy
- Center for Child Health Research, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY
| | - Zachary Murphy
- Center for Child Health Research, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY
| | - Michael Getman
- Center for Child Health Research, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY
| | - Nabil Rahman
- Center for Child Health Research, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY
| | - Yukio Nakamura
- Rikagaku Kenkyūjyo (RIKEN) BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba Campus, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Lionel Blanc
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY
| | | | - James Palis
- Center for Child Health Research, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY
| | - Narla Mohandas
- Red Cell Physiology Laboratory, Lindsey F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, NY
| | - Laurie A. Steiner
- Center for Child Health Research, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY
- Center for RNA Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY
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DE Azeredo SB, Correa NB, Martio AE, Mesquita Filho PM. Cystic Adenoid Carcinoma of Lacrimal Gland. CURRENT HEALTH SCIENCES JOURNAL 2023; 49:597-600. [PMID: 38559838 PMCID: PMC10976204 DOI: 10.12865/chsj.49.04.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is an uncommon malignant tumor that accounts for less than 5% of head and neck cancers. ACC is characteristic for its indolent nature and its propensity for late distant metastases. Late diagnosis, tendency to perineural invasion, periosteal infiltration and local recurrence are factors of poor prognosis. Although studies still discuss the ideal treatment, the initial therapy consists of surgical resection, followed by postoperative radiotherapy.
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Phuchareon J, van Zante A, Overdevest JB, McCormick F, Eisele DW, Tetsu O. c-Kit Expression is Rate-Limiting for Stem Cell Factor-Mediated Disease Progression in Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the Salivary Glands. Transl Oncol 2014; 7:537-45. [PMID: 25389449 PMCID: PMC4225653 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is an aggressive malignant neoplasm of the salivary glands in which c-Kit is overexpressed and activated, although the mechanism for this is as yet unclear. We analyzed 27 sporadic ACC tumor specimens to examine the biologic and clinical significance of c-Kit activation. Mutational analysis revealed expression of wild-type c-Kit in all, eliminating gene mutation as a cause of activation. Because stem cell factor (SCF) is c-Kit's sole ligand, we analyzed its expression in the tumor cells and their environment. Immunohistochemistry revealed its presence in c-Kit–positive tumor cells, suggesting an activation of autocrine signaling. We observed a significant induction of ERK1/2 in the cells. SCF staining was also found in other types of non-cancerous cells adjacent to tumors within salivary glands, including stromal fibroblasts, neutrophils, peripheral nerve, skeletal muscle, vascular endothelial cells, mucous acinar cells, and intercalated ducts. Quantitative PCR showed that the top quartile of c-Kit mRNA expression distinguished ACCs from normal salivary tissues and was cross-correlated with short-term poor prognosis. Expression levels of SCF and c-Kit were highly correlated in the cases with perineural invasion. These observations suggest that c-Kit is potentially activated by receptor dimerization upon stimulation by SCF in ACC, and that the highest quartile of c-Kit mRNA expression could be a predictor of poor prognosis. Our findings may support an avenue for c-Kit-targeted therapy to improve disease control in ACC patients harboring the top quartile of c-Kit mRNA expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janyaporn Phuchareon
- Head and Neck Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA ; UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Annemieke van Zante
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Jonathan B Overdevest
- Head and Neck Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Frank McCormick
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - David W Eisele
- Head and Neck Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA ; UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Osamu Tetsu
- Head and Neck Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA ; UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA
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Huo Z, Meng Y, Wu H, Shen J, Bi Y, Luo Y, Cao J, Liang Z. Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the tracheobronchial tree: clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical studies of 21 cases. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2014; 7:7527-7535. [PMID: 25550788 PMCID: PMC4270623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To review retrospectively 21 cases adenoid cystic carcinoma of the tracheobronchial tree (TACC) with emphasis on their clinical and pathologic features, treatment and the possible prognostic factors. METHODS AND RESULTS 21 cases TACC diagnosed by surgical biopsy or resection at the Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH) over 10 years. Patients aged 24-69 years (median, 49 years), 6 men/15 women. Cough (18/21), dyspnea (14/21) and hemoptysis (10/21) were the most frequent manifestations. 15 patients had tumors in trachea. Ten patients had pathologically positive margin (n = 11). Immunohistochemically, BCL-2, CD117, P16, type IV collagen, SMA and P63 were positive (20/20); GFAP was focally positive (4/20); TTF-1 and P53 were negative (0/20). Ki-67 index ranged from 2% to 35%. Fifteen patients had followed up, 13 of which received postoperative radiotherapy. The median relapse-free survival (RFS) was 56.9 months and the 5-year RFS was 48.6%. By univariate analysis, postoperative radiotherapy had favorable prognostic significance (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS TACC, which is mainly located in primary trachea or bronchus, is difficult to be detected at early stage. The tumors are not likely to be completely removed by surgery, and postoperative radiotherapy is helpful for reducing the likelihood of recurrence and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Huo
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100730, China
| | - Yunxiao Meng
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100730, China
| | - Huanwen Wu
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100730, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100730, China
| | - Yalan Bi
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100730, China
| | - Yufeng Luo
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100730, China
| | - Jinling Cao
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100730, China
| | - Zhiyong Liang
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100730, China
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Stanford S, Canders CP, Linetsky M, Lai CK, Abemayor E, Kirsch C. Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the Lacrimal Gland: A Case Report with a Review of the Literature. J Med Imaging Radiat Sci 2014; 45:323-326. [PMID: 31051985 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmir.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Revised: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Adenoid cystic carcinomas, the most common malignancies of the lacrimal gland, are rare overall. We describe a patient who presented with right periorbital swelling developing over 5 months and magnetic resonance imaging findings of a soft tissue mass in the lacrimal fossa with invasion of the adjacent bone. The patient underwent right lateral orbitotomy with tumor debulking. Pathologic analysis showed neoplastic cells in a predominantly cribriform pattern, and the patient was diagnosed with an adenoid cystic carcinoma of the lacrimal gland. We review the clinical, radiographic, and histopathologic features of these rare, aggressive malignancies as well as treatment options with reference to the current literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Stanford
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
| | - Caleb P Canders
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Michael Linetsky
- Department of Radiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Chi K Lai
- Department of Pathology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Elliot Abemayor
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Claudia Kirsch
- Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Binesh F, Akhavan A, Masumi O, Mirvakili A, Behniafard N. Clinicopathological review and survival characteristics of adenoid cystic carcinoma. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2014; 67:62-6. [PMID: 25621256 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-014-0755-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To study the clinical characters, the outcomes of treatments and the factors affecting treatment results of adenoid cystic carcinomas at Shahid Sadoughi Hospital and Shahid Ramazanzadeh radiotherapy center, Yazd, Iran. The clinical data of 31 patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma of any anatomic site diagnosed over an 8 year period (2004-2012), were investigated retrospectively. Data regarding patients' characteristics, pathological features and follow-up were obtained from patients records. Survival rate, local recurrence and distant metastasis were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier method. Prognosis factors were analyzed by Log-rank test and Cox regression. The study included31 patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma. The mean age at presentation was 50.2 ± 24.8 years. There were 11 (35.5 %) males and 20 (64.5 %) females with a female predilection (M:F = 0.55:1). Parotid gland was the most common site (8/31, 25.7 %) followed by submandibular gland (7/31, 22.6 %). Perineural invasion was detected in 67.7 % of the cases. Positive surgical status was reported in 48.4 % of the specimens. Metastasis was detected in 25.8 % of the patients and the most common site of distant metastasis was lung. Overall survival rates at 2, 5, and 7 years were 95, 75, and 57 % respectively. Margin status showed significant effect on survival (P value = 0.01). Positive surgical margin is an important factor affecting the prognosis of the patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma. Surgery with negative surgical margin is the first choice of treatment for the patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma. Our findings show that the prognosis of patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma in our center is fair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Binesh
- Department of Pathology, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Ali Akhavan
- Department of Radiotherapy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Omid Masumi
- Otorhinolaryngology research center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Abbas Mirvakili
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Nasim Behniafard
- Otorhinolaryngology research center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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Jung MJ, Roh JL, Choi SH, Nam SY, Kim SY, Lee SW, Cho KJ. Basal cell adenocarcinoma of the salivary gland: a morphological and immunohistochemical comparison with basal cell adenoma with and without capsular invasion. Diagn Pathol 2013; 8:171. [PMID: 24143938 PMCID: PMC4016524 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-8-171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It is often difficult to diagnose salivary gland tumors that exhibit basaloid features differentially. The aim of this study was to identify additional morphological and immunohistochemical characteristics that can aid the diagnosis of basal cell adenocarcinoma (BCAC) of the salivary gland. Methods and results In total, 29 basal cell neoplasms [eight BCACs, 11 basal cell adenomas (BCAs) with capsular invasion, and 10 BCAs without capsular invasion] and 10 cases of adenoid cystic carcinomas (ACCs) were subjected to histopathology and immunohistochemical analyses for CK7, CK5/6, SMA, p63, calponin, p53, c-erbB2, CD117, β-catenin, EGFR, VEGF, Ki-67, and S100P protein expression. Compared to BCA without capsular invasion, the BCACs and BCAs with capsular invasion were more likely to be larger and have solid or cribriform patterns. Most BCACs and BCAs exhibited nuclear β-catenin expression. In all basal cell neoplasm cases, the clinical course after surgery with or without radiotherapy was indolent. β-catenin, CK5/6, CD117, and S100P protein were helpful for differentiating basal cell neoplasms from ACC. Conclusions BCAs with capsular invasion shared several pathological features with BCACs, including a large size and frequent cribriform patterns but the malignant potential of these tumors seems highly limited and should be reexamined. β-catenin immunostaining may aid the differential diagnosis between basal cell neoplasms and ACCs. Virtual slides The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here:
http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/9637819101988153
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kyung-Ja Cho
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 388-1 Pungnap-dong, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-736 Korea.
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Soave DF, Oliveira da Costa JP, da Silveira GG, Ianez RCF, de Oliveira LR, Lourenço SV, Ribeiro-Silva A. CD44/CD24 immunophenotypes on clinicopathologic features of salivary glands malignant neoplasms. Diagn Pathol 2013; 8:29. [PMID: 23419168 PMCID: PMC3605183 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-8-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salivary glands malignant neoplasms (SGMNs) account for 3-6% of head and neck cancers and 0.3% of all cancers. Tumor cells that express CD44 and CD24 exhibit a stem-cell-like behavior. CD44 is the binding site for hyaluronic acid, and CD24 is a receptor that interacts with P-selectin to induce metastasis and tumor progression. The present study aims to evaluate the expression of CD44 and CD24 on SGMNs and correlated these data with several clinicopathologic features. METHODS Immunohistochemical stains for CD44 and CD24 were performed on tissue microarrays containing SGMN samples from 69 patients. The CD44, CD24 and CD44/CD24 expression phenotypes were correlated to patient clinicopathologic features and outcome. RESULTS CD44 expression was associated with the primary site of neoplasm (p = 0.046). CD24 was associated with clinical stage III/IV (p = 0.008), T stage (p = 0,27) and lymph node (p = 0,001). The CD44/CD24 profiles were associated with the primary site of injury (p = 0.005), lymph node (p = 0.011) and T stage (p = 0.023). Univariate analysis showed a significant relationship between clinical staging and disease- free survival (p = 0.009), and the overall survival presents relation with male gender (p = 0.011) and metastasis (p = 0.027). CONCLUSION In summary, our investigation confirms that the clinical stage, in accordance with the literature, is the main prognostic factor for SGMN. Additionally, we have presented some evidence that the analysis of isolated CD44 and CD24 immunoexpression or the two combined markers could give prognostic information associated to clinicopathologic features in SGMN. VIRTUAL SLIDES The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1284611098470676.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Figueiredo Soave
- Department of Pathology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes; Number: 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14049-900, Brazil
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de Araujo VC, Passador-Santos F, Turssi C, Soares AB, de Araujo NS. Polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma: an analysis of epidemiological studies and hints for pathologists. Diagn Pathol 2013; 8:6. [PMID: 23320410 PMCID: PMC3564831 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-8-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study is an analysis of the prevalence of polymorphous low grade adenocarcinoma (PLGA) in epidemiological surveys of salivary tumors published in the English language from 1992 to 2012. Methods These surveys included studies from different researchers, countries and continents. The 57 surveys for which it was possible to calculate the percentage of PLGAs among all malignant minor salivary gland tumors (MMSGT) were included in this review. Results The statistical analyses show significant differences in the PLGA percentage by time period, country and continent in the studies included in this review. The percentage of PLGAs among MMSGTs varied among the studies, ranging from 0.0% to 46.8%. PLGA rates have varied over the period studied and have most recently increased. The frequency of reported PLGA cases also varied from 0.0% to 24.8% by the country in which the MMSGT studies were performed. The PLGA percentages also varied significantly by continent, with frequencies ranging from 3.9% in Asia to 20.0% in Oceania Conclusion Based on these results, we concluded that although the accuracy of PLGA diagnoses has improved, they remain a challenge for pathologists. To facilitate PLGA diagnoses, we have therefore made some suggestions for pathologists regarding tumors composed of single-layer strands of cells that form all of the histological patterns present in the tumor, consistency of the cytological appearance and uniformly positive CK7, vimentin and S100 immunohistochemistry, which indicate a single PLGA phenotype. Virtual slide The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here:
http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1059098656858324
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Cavalcanti de Araujo
- Department of Oral Pathology, Sao Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Research Center, Rua Jose Rocha Junqueira13 Ponte Preta, Campinas, SP, 13045-755, Brazil.
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Hammas N, Laila C, Youssef ALM, Hind EF, Harmouch T, Siham T, Afaf A. Can p63 serve as a biomarker for giant cell tumor of bone? A Moroccan experience. Diagn Pathol 2012; 7:130. [PMID: 23016917 PMCID: PMC3527302 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-7-130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multinucleated giant cell-containing tumors and pseudotumors of bone represent a heterogeneous group of benign and malignant lesions. Differential diagnosis can be challenging, particularly in instances of limited sampling. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the contribution of the P63 in the positive and differential diagnosis of giant cell tumor of bone. Methods This study includes 48 giant cell-containing tumors and pseudotumors of bone. P63 expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Data analysis was performed using Epi-info software and SPSS software package (version 17). Results Immunohistochemical analysis showed a P63 nuclear expression in all giant cell tumors of bone, in 50% of osteoid osteomas, 40% of aneurysmal bone cysts, 37.5% of osteoblastomas, 33.3% of chondromyxoide fibromas, 25% of non ossifiant fibromas and 8.3% of osteosarcomas. Only one case of chondroblastoma was included in this series and expressed p63. No P63 immunoreactivity was detected in any of the cases of central giant cell granulomas or langerhans cells histiocytosis. The sensitivity and negative predictive value (NPV) of P63 immunohistochemistry for the diagnosis of giant cell tumor of bone were 100%. The specificity and positive predictive value (PPV) were 74.42% and 59.26% respectively. Conclusions This study found not only that GCTOB expresses the P63 but it also shows that this protein may serve as a biomarker for the differential diagnosis between two morphologically similar lesions particularly in instances of limited sampling. Indeed, P63 expression seems to differentiate between giant cell tumor of bone and central giant cell granuloma since the latter does not express P63. Other benign and malignant giant cell-containing lesions express P63, decreasing its specificity as a diagnostic marker, but a strong staining was seen, except a case of chondroblastoma, only in giant cell tumor of bone. Clinical and radiological confrontation remains essential for an accurate diagnosis. Virtual slides The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1838562590777252.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawal Hammas
- Department of Pathology, HASSAN II University Hospital, Harazem, Fez, Morocco.
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