Histopathological and clinical evaluation of Kombucha tea and Nitrofurazone on cutaneous full-thickness wounds healing in rats: an experimental study

Clinical and histopathological effects of ointment prepared from kombucha floating cellulose layer on wound healing and the activity of matrix metalloproteinase 1 in diabetic rats

Introduction: High blood glucose results in high levels of matrix metalloproteinases. Clinical and histopathological effects of the kombucha ointment on the healing of diabetic wounds were evaluated.

Materials and methods: This study was conducted at research Lab, Department of Micobiology, Falavarjan of Branch Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran from October 2019 to September 2020. A 6 mm diameter ulcer was aseptically created on the back of forty-eight rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. The animals were randomly divided into 4 groups: the group that was treated with base ointment, the group that was treated with 10% kombucha ointment, the group that was treated with 20% kombucha ointment, and the group that received no ointment treatment. Then the rats in each group were divided to 4 sampling groups that were sampled on the second, fifth, tenth, and fourteenth days. Microscopic features, inflammation and vasculature and fibroblast infiltration, as well as the matrix metalloproteinase 1(MMP1) were evaluated on days 2, 5, 10, 14 after wound healing.

Results: 20% kombucha ointment let to inflammation and an angiogenesis decrease compared to those in the basic group and 10%-kombucha-ointment group. Also 20% kombucha ointment led to an increase in vascular remodeling and penetration of fibroblasts. MMP1 levels increased on the second (p < 0.001) and fifth days after wounding when treatrd with 10% and 20% kombucha ointment (p > 0.05). The expression of MMP1 decreased on the ten and fourteenth days when using 20% kombucha ointment compared to the control, placebo, and 10% kombucha ointment groups (p > 0.05).

Discussion: The histopatological finding indicated that both quantity and time duration of the treatment had significant effects on a degree of inflammation and angiogenesis.

Сonclusion: Ointment prepared from 20% scoby improved the healing of diabetic ulcers within 14 days.

Sensitive surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) determination of nitrofurazone by β-cyclodextrin-protected AuNPs/γ-Al2O3 nanoparticles

A novel surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) method for the determination of nitrofurazone was developed using AuNPs/γ-Al₂O₃ nanoparticles protected by β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) as substrate prepared in our lab. The optimum experimental conditions were obtained from single factor procedure and response surface modeling. A linear relationship (I_SERS = 508.96c + 31987.87, c: nmol L^-1, R² = 0.996) between SERS intensity and the concentration of nitrofurazone in the range of 3.3 - 667.0 nmol L^-1 was established, the limit of detection (LOD) was found at nmol L^-1 level (0.37 nmol L^-1 by 3S₀/S). The selectivity for the method was studied by the influences of foreign substances on the determination. The recoveries and RSD (n = 5) for the six meat samples were 95.1 % - 104.5% and 2.4 % - 4.8% respectively, which suggesting that the new SERS method was successfully to detecting nitrofurazone.

Evaluation of cytotoxicity and anticancer activity of kombucha and doxorubicin combination therapy on colorectal cancer cell line HCT-116

BACKGROUND

Colorectal cancer is the third leading to death type of cancer in the world. The therapeutic guideline varied between different methods. As the main therapeutic guideline is chemotherapy, recent studies had shown utilization of natural products in combination with conventional medication, elevate the efficiency of chemotherapeutic methods. Kombucha is a traditional beverage obtained from the fermentation of green tea as a rich source of flavonoid medicinal plant. This study aimed to evaluate the natural potential of combination therapy of this natural product with doxorubicin as a chemotherapeutic agent.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The study was performed as in vitro evaluation of biological activity of kombucha on HCT-116 cell line (human colon cancer cell line). The cytotoxic effect of different kombucha beverages (fermented green tea) in comparison with green tea extract was evaluated by dimethylthiazolyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. In the next step, anticancer activity of doxorubicin as a general guideline chemotherapeutic agent in combination with kombucha was evaluated by cell cycle analysis and apoptosis assay flow cytometry. Apoptotic genes expression pattern was determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The experiments were designed in three independent replications and statistically analyzed using SPSS software.

RESULTS

The results show that kombucha compared with the green tea extract caused more (1.2 fold) early apoptosis induction and G0/G1 phase arrest. Moreover, kombucha increased the expression levels of p21, p53, and B-cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)-associated X protein genes (2, 2.5, and 1.5 fold, respectively) while it decreased Bcl-2 gene expression level (5-8 fold) compared with doxorubicin alone. Combination of kombucha with doxorubicin shows 2-fold increased G0/G1 phase compared with the doxorubicin treatment.

CONCLUSION

This result indicated that kombucha caused boosted anticancer activity of doxorubicin agent. These findings suggest that kombucha may be has an assistor and useful role in colorectal cancer treatment align with chemotherapy.

Bacterial cellulose/phytochemical's extracts biocomposites for potential active wound dressings

The present study describes the impregnation of coffee extract (CE) into bacterial cellulose synthesized from kombucha tea fungus (KBC) of different cellulose content, incubated for different incubation periods (2, 4, and 10 days), to prepare biocomposites having the potential for wound healing applications. Total polyphenols in hydroalcoholic extracts from ground roasted coffee and its release from the prepared biocomposites were determined as gallic acid equivalent. The polyphenols content was found to be 13.66 mg/g and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the CE was determined using colony-forming unit (CFU) method against Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli and Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus where the growth inhibition was 86 and 97% respectively. Biocomposites (KBC/CE) with the lowest cellulose and CE content showed the highest wet tensile stress (3.35 MPa), absorption of pseudo extracellular fluid (154.32% ± 4.84), and water vapor transmission rate (3184.94 ± 198.07 g/m²/day), whereas it showed the lowest polyphenols' release (51.85% ± 2.94)when immersed in PBS buffer of pH 7.4. The impregnation of CE into KBC provided biocomposites that can enlarge the range of BC in the biomedical application.

Effect of platelet-rich plasma on the healing of cutaneous defects exposed to acute to chronic wounds: a clinico-histopathologic study in rabbits

Background

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) contains numerous growth factors to promote wound healing and angiogenesis. The aim of this study was to gain further information about the benefits of platelet-rich-plasma for healing cutaneous acute to chronic wounds.

Methods

A total of 30 New Zealand albino rabbits (n = 15/group) were randomly assigned to two experimental groups: control group, and PRP group. Bilateral resection defects measuring 3 cm were surgically created on the dorsolateral of the cutaneous in animals and the defects were randomly divided into two mentioned groups. Wound area, neovascularization, size and epithelialization were compared on days 7, 14 and 21 post-wounding. Histopathological analyses were conducted on 15 specimens from each group after sacrifice by the cellular aspects of the regeneration of the tissue.

Results

Our results were indicated that the wound area of PRP was smaller than that in the non-treated group on days 7, 14 and 21. Furthermore, a significant decrease of the wound size was observed in PRP groups that were significantly greater than that in the control group. A significant increase of the mean vascular density was noted in the PRP treated groups compared to the control groups at day 14 and especially day 21. This results indicated that PRP treated group’ enhanced angiogenesis at the wound beds as compared to no treatment group.

Conclusion

These results could be useful for researchers in the growing fields of tissue repair and experimental wound healing. Further studies will be essential to determine the role of PRP in clinical practice.

Anti-inflammatory and protective investigations on the effects of Theranekron® "an alcoholic extract of the Tarantula cubensis" on wound healing of peritoneal in the rat: an in vivo comparative study

Background

The present study sought to investigate the effects of Tarantula cubensis extract (TC; Theranekron®) on the histopathological scores of peritoneal wound healing after laparotomy in the rats.

Methods

This study was designed to investigate the effects of Theranekron on the peritoneal wound healing after wound creation, on days9, 14, 19, 24 and 29 post-injury in rats. Twenty-four mature Wister-albino male rats were randomly divided into two groups. In the experimental group, TC was repeatedly injected subcutaneously (SC) over the lesion 9, 14,19 and 24 days after laparotomy, whereas the control group received only normal saline by subcutaneous injection and then the animal groups were euthanized9, 14, 19, 24, and 29 days after wounding respectively by intravenous injections of pentobarbital (50 mg/kg). Finally, assessment of the peritoneal wound healing between the groups was carried out by histopathologic data and statistical tests as Mann-Whitney U, Wilcoxon W and Z

Results

Histopathological examination indicated significant improvement in angiogenesis, re-epithelialization and less inflammatory response in comparison to control and also, revealed matured, compact and parallel deposition of collagen fibrils on day 29. So, at long term, treatment reduced the inflammation and increased the quality and rate of wound re- epithelialization compared to controls(P < 0.05). Furthermore, excluding the control group, rats exhibited the most pronounced effect on wound closure, with the statistically significant improvement in wound healing being seen at post-operative day 29. Moreover, collagen content on days 24 and 29 in the test group was found to be higher than in the healthy group. To warp up, treated groups had a significant increase in peritoneal wound healing area compared to the control group on all days (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Our results suggested that Theranekron have delivered a novel therapeutic route for wound treatment in clinical practice.

Virtual slides

The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/2958770714954315.

Clinico-histopathologic and outcome features of cutaneous infundibular keratinizing acanthoma: a case report and literature review

The infundibular keratinizing acanthoma (IKA) is a rare epithelial benign keratin-containing neoplasm of hair follicles. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the defining histopathologic architecture of IKA. A typical IKA consisted of a keratin-filled crypt in the dermis and subcutis that opened to the skin surface. Most of this tumor occurred on the back, neck, head, and the shoulders. Microscopically, the dermal nodules were focally contiguous in both the dermis and subcutis. Furthermore, most histological lesions are consistent with a simple or multiloculated cyst filled with keratin and lined by a wall of stratified squamous epithelium; keratin appears as a concentric lamellar mass, with a keratotic pearly aspect. Histological examination of the cutaneous lesions revealed that the growths were comprised of IKA. IKA of man and dog were compared, and it was concluded that although they are similar in many respects, they are not identical entities. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the prevalence of IKAs among the population of owned dogs in Iran.

Histopathological features of bone regeneration in a canine segmental ulnar defect model

Background

Today, finding an ideal biomaterial to treat the large bone defects, delayed unions and non-unions remains a challenge for orthopaedic surgeions and researchers. Several studies have been carried out on the subject of bone regeneration, each having its own advantages. The present study has been designed in vivo to evaluate the effects of cellular auto-transplantation of tail vertebrae on healing of experimental critical bone defect in a dog model.

Methods

Six indigenous breeds of dog with 32 ± 3.6 kg average weight from both sexes (5 males and 1 female) received bilateral critical-sized ulnar segmental defects. After determining the health condition, divided to 2 groups: The Group I were kept as control I (n = 1) while in Group II (experimental group; n = 5) bioactive bone implants were inserted. The defects were implanted with either autogeneic coccygeal bone grafts in dogs with 3-4 cm diaphyseal defects in the ulna. Defects were stabilized with internal plate fixation, and the control defects were not stabilized. Animals were euthanized at 16 weeks and analyzed by histopathology.

Results

Histological evaluation of this new bone at sixteen weeks postoperatively revealed primarily lamellar bone, with the formation of new cortices and normal-appearing marrow elements. And also reformation cortical compartment and reconstitution of marrow space were observed at the graft-host interface together with graft resorption and necrosis responses. Finally, our data were consistent with the osteoconducting function of the tail autograft.

Conclusions

Our results suggested that the tail vertebrae autograft seemed to be a new source of autogenous cortical bone in order to supporting segmental long bone defects in dogs. Furthermore, cellular autotransplantation was found to be a successful replacement for the tail vertebrae allograft bone at 3-4 cm segmental defects in the canine mid- ulna. Clinical application using graft expanders or bone autotransplantation should be used carefully and requires further investigation.

Virtual slides

The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/2028232688119271.

Neutrophil depletion in the early inflammatory phase delayed cutaneous wound healing in older rats: improvements due to the use of un-denatured camel whey protein

BACKGROUND

While it is known that advanced age alters the recruitment of neutrophils during wound healing, thereby delaying the wound healing process, little is known about prolonged wound healing in advanced ages. Thus, we investigated the correlation of neutrophil recruitment with healing events, and the impact of whey protein (WP) on neutrophil activation.

METHODS

The animals were allocated into wounded young group, wounded older group and wounded older rats with daily treatment of WP at a dose of 100 mg/kg of body weight.

RESULTS

Our results pointed to a marked deficiency in the number of neutrophils in the wounds of older rats, which was accompanied with impairment of the healing process. In the group of older rats, phagocytic activity, as tested by fluorescence microscopy, declined throughout the first 24 hours after wounding. Both the neutrophil number and the phagocytic activity recovered in older rats which received WP supplementation. Interestingly, WP was found to significantly up-regulate the MIP-1α and CINC-1 mRNA expression in old rats. On the other hand, the wound size in older rats was significantly higher than that in younger ones. Blood angiogenesis was also significantly delayed in the older group as opposed to the young rats. WP, however, was found to return these indices to normal levels in the older rats. Proliferation and epidermal migration of the keratinocytes and the collagen deposition were also returned to the normal rates.

CONCLUSIONS

This data confirms the critical role of neutrophil recruitment in the early inflammatory phase of wound healing in older rats. In addition, WP protein was used to improve neutrophil function in older rats, healing events returned to a more normal profile.

VIRTUAL SLIDES

The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/2100966986117779.