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Lv N, Huang C, Huang H, Dong Z, Chen X, Lu C, Zhang Y. Overexpression of Glutathione S-Transferases in Human Diseases: Drug Targets and Therapeutic Implications. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1970. [PMID: 38001822 PMCID: PMC10668987 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12111970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are a major class of phase II metabolic enzymes. Besides their essential role in detoxification, GSTs also exert diverse biological activities in the occurrence and development of various diseases. In the past few decades, much research interest has been paid to exploring the mechanisms of GST overexpression in tumor drug resistance. Correspondingly, many GST inhibitors have been developed and applied, solely or in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs, for the treatment of multi-drug resistant tumors. Moreover, novel roles of GSTs in other diseases, such as pulmonary fibrosis and neurodegenerative diseases, have been recognized in recent years, although the exact regulatory mechanisms remain to be elucidated. This review, firstly summarizes the roles of GSTs and their overexpression in the above-mentioned diseases with emphasis on the modulation of cell signaling pathways and protein functions. Secondly, specific GST inhibitors currently in pre-clinical development and in clinical stages are inventoried. Lastly, applications of GST inhibitors in targeting cell signaling pathways and intracellular biological processes are discussed, and the potential for disease treatment is prospected. Taken together, this review is expected to provide new insights into the interconnection between GST overexpression and human diseases, which may assist future drug discovery targeting GSTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Lv
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; (N.L.); (H.H.)
| | - Chunyan Huang
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; (N.L.); (H.H.)
| | - Haoyan Huang
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; (N.L.); (H.H.)
| | - Zhiqiang Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, China;
| | - Xijing Chen
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; (N.L.); (H.H.)
| | - Chengcan Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, China;
- Jiangning Clinical Medical College, Jiangsu University, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Yongjie Zhang
- Clinical Pharmacology Research Center, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; (N.L.); (H.H.)
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Michalkova R, Kello M, Cizmarikova M, Bardelcikova A, Mirossay L, Mojzis J. Chalcones and Gastrointestinal Cancers: Experimental Evidence. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065964. [PMID: 36983038 PMCID: PMC10059739 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal (CRC) and gastric cancers (GC) are the most common digestive tract cancers with a high incidence rate worldwide. The current treatment including surgery, chemotherapy or radiotherapy has several limitations such as drug toxicity, cancer recurrence or drug resistance and thus it is a great challenge to discover an effective and safe therapy for CRC and GC. In the last decade, numerous phytochemicals and their synthetic analogs have attracted attention due to their anticancer effect and low organ toxicity. Chalcones, plant-derived polyphenols, received marked attention due to their biological activities as well as for relatively easy structural manipulation and synthesis of new chalcone derivatives. In this study, we discuss the mechanisms by which chalcones in both in vitro and in vivo conditions suppress cancer cell proliferation or cancer formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radka Michalkova
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Martin Kello
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Martina Cizmarikova
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Annamaria Bardelcikova
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Ladislav Mirossay
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Jan Mojzis
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
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3
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Samavarchi Tehrani S, Esmaeili F, Shirzad M, Goodarzi G, Yousefi T, Maniati M, Taheri-Anganeh M, Anushiravani A. The critical role of circular RNAs in drug resistance in gastrointestinal cancers. Med Oncol 2023; 40:116. [PMID: 36917431 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-01980-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, drug resistance (DR) in gastrointestinal (GI) cancers, as the main reason for cancer-related mortality worldwide, has become a serious problem in the management of patients. Several mechanisms have been proposed for resistance to anticancer drugs, including altered transport and metabolism of drugs, mutation of drug targets, altered DNA repair system, inhibited apoptosis and autophagy, cancer stem cells, tumor heterogeneity, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Compelling evidence has revealed that genetic and epigenetic factors are strongly linked to DR. Non-coding RNA (ncRNA) interferences are the most crucial epigenetic alterations explored so far, and among these ncRNAs, circular RNAs (circRNAs) are the most emerging members known to have unique properties. Due to the absence of 5' and 3' ends in these novel RNAs, the two ends are covalently bonded together and are generated from pre-mRNA in a process known as back-splicing, which makes them more stable than other RNAs. As far as the unique structure and function of circRNAs is concerned, they are implicated in proliferation, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis, and DR. A clear understanding of the molecular mechanisms responsible for circRNAs-mediated DR in the GI cancers will open a new window to the management of GI cancers. Hence, in the present review, we will describe briefly the biogenesis, multiple features, and different biological functions of circRNAs. Then, we will summarize current mechanisms of DR, and finally, discuss molecular mechanisms through which circRNAs regulate DR development in esophageal cancer, pancreatic cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadra Samavarchi Tehrani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fataneh Esmaeili
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Moein Shirzad
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Golnaz Goodarzi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tooba Yousefi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Maniati
- Department of English, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mortaza Taheri-Anganeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Research Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Amir Anushiravani
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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4
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Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems to overcome gastric cancer drug resistance. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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5
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Network Biology and Artificial Intelligence Drive the Understanding of the Multidrug Resistance Phenotype in Cancer. Drug Resist Updat 2022; 60:100811. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2022.100811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Zhu Y, Sui B, Liu X, Sun J. The reversal of drug resistance by two-dimensional titanium carbide Ti 2 C (2D Ti2C) in non-small-cell lung cancer via the depletion of intracellular antioxidant reserves. Thorac Cancer 2021; 12:3340-3355. [PMID: 34741403 PMCID: PMC8671908 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.14208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chemoresistance is a major barrier limiting the therapeutic efficacy of late stage non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In this study, we sought to use two‐dimensional titanium carbide (2D Ti2C) to reverse cisplatin resistance in NSCLC. Methods We first achieved favorable properties as a potential anti‐tumor agent. We then compared cell viability and cisplatin uptake in chemoresistant NSCLC cells before and after the use of 2D Ti2C. Afterwards, we explored the effects of 2D Ti2C on intracellular antioxidant reserves, followed by evaluating the subsequent changes in the expression of core drug resistance genes. Finally, we confirmed the tumor inhibitory effect and bio‐safety of 2D Ti2C in a drug‐resistant lung cancer model in nude mice. Results Due to the properties of thin layer, large specific surface area, and abundant reactive groups on the surface, 2D Ti2C can deplete the antioxidant reserve systems such as the glutathione redox buffer system, γ‐glutamylcysteine synthetase (γ‐GCS), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione‐S‐transferase‐Pi (GST‐π), and metallothionein (MT), thereby increasing the intracellular accumulation of cisplatin and decreasing the expression of drug resistance genes. Conclusions 2D Ti2C can reverse NSCLC chemoresistance both in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that it may potentially become a novel and effective means to treat chemoresistant NSCLC in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhu
- Department of Dental Materials, Shanghai Biomaterials Research & Testing Center, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Baiyan Sui
- Department of Dental Materials, Shanghai Biomaterials Research & Testing Center, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Dental Materials, Shanghai Biomaterials Research & Testing Center, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiao Sun
- Department of Dental Materials, Shanghai Biomaterials Research & Testing Center, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
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Targeting Drug Chemo-Resistance in Cancer Using Natural Products. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9101353. [PMID: 34680470 PMCID: PMC8533186 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death globally. The development of drug resistance is the main contributor to cancer-related mortality. Cancer cells exploit multiple mechanisms to reduce the therapeutic effects of anticancer drugs, thereby causing chemotherapy failure. Natural products are accessible, inexpensive, and less toxic sources of chemotherapeutic agents. Additionally, they have multiple mechanisms of action to inhibit various targets involved in the development of drug resistance. In this review, we have summarized the basic research and clinical applications of natural products as possible inhibitors for drug resistance in cancer. The molecular targets and the mechanisms of action of each natural product are also explained. Diverse drug resistance biomarkers were sensitive to natural products. P-glycoprotein and breast cancer resistance protein can be targeted by a large number of natural products. On the other hand, protein kinase C and topoisomerases were less sensitive to most of the studied natural products. The studies discussed in this review will provide a solid ground for scientists to explore the possible use of natural products in combination anticancer therapies to overcome drug resistance by targeting multiple drug resistance mechanisms.
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An ZJ, Li Y, Tan BB, Zhao Q, Fan LQ, Zhang ZD, Zhao XF, Li SY. Up-regulation of KLF17 expression increases the sensitivity of gastric cancer to 5-fluorouracil. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2021; 35:20587384211010925. [PMID: 33960231 PMCID: PMC8113926 DOI: 10.1177/20587384211010925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that the expression of Krüppel-like factor 17 (KLF17) was
associated with the occurrence, development, invasion, metastasis and
chemotherapy resistance of various tumors. However, the detailed mechanisms by
which KLF17 promotes chemotherapy resistance in gastric cancer (GC) have not
been fully investigated. In the present study, we collected the GC tissues and
non-tumor tissues (matched adjacent normal tissues with corresponding GC
tissues) of 60 GC patients, used qRT-PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemistry
assay to analyze the relationship between the expression of KLF17 and the
clinical pathological data of the patients. The effect of KLF17 on the
sensitivity of GC cell lines to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and the potential
mechanism were detected by MTS assay, Flow cytometry assay, and Western blot.
Compared with non-tumor tissues, the expression level of KLF17 in GC tissue was
significantly down-regulated, and the expression level of KLF17 in GES-1 cell
line and GC cell lines also had a similar trend. Down-regulated expression of
KLF17 is related to tumor size, invasion, regional lymph node metastasis, and
TNM staging. Furthermore, through upregulating the expression of KLF17, the
sensitivity of BGC-823 and SGC-7901 cell lines to 5-FU was obviously increased.
Mechanistically, upregulation the expression of KLF17 can inhibit the
expressions of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1), and
B-Cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2), which have been reported to be associated with drug
resistance and cell proliferation. Collectively, these data implied that KLF17
has the biological effect of inhibiting chemotherapy resistance of GC, and it
could be a potential strategy for the GC chemotherapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Jie An
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Bi-Bo Tan
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qun Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Li-Qiao Fan
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhi-Dong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xue-Feng Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shao-Yi Li
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Glutathione S-Transferases in Cancer. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050701. [PMID: 33946704 PMCID: PMC8146591 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In humans, the glutathione S-transferases (GST) protein family is composed of seven members that present remarkable structural similarity and some degree of overlapping functionalities. GST proteins are crucial antioxidant enzymes that regulate stress-induced signaling pathways. Interestingly, overactive GST proteins are a frequent feature of many human cancers. Recent evidence has revealed that the biology of most GST proteins is complex and multifaceted and that these proteins actively participate in tumorigenic processes such as cell survival, cell proliferation, and drug resistance. Structural and pharmacological studies have identified various GST inhibitors, and these molecules have progressed to clinical trials for the treatment of cancer and other diseases. In this review, we discuss recent findings in GST protein biology and their roles in cancer development, their contribution in chemoresistance, and the development of GST inhibitors for cancer treatment.
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10
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Ma L, Wang Y. JAK2/STAT3 inhibitor reduced 5-FU resistance and autophagy through ATF6-mediated ER stress. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2021; 42:206-213. [PMID: 33599179 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2021.1887219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Drug resistance seriously limits the efficacy of chemotherapy drugs and hinders successful treatment in patients with gastric cancer. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and autophagy are recognized to be one of the mechanisms involving the drug resistance of gastric cancer. The mechanisms of action of JAK2/STAT3 pathway were investigated in AGS cells with drug resistance of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) by corresponding inhibitors. We firstly analyzed the effects of JAK2/STAT3 inhibitor on the expression of drug resistance genes, autophagy markers, and ER stress-related markers on AGS/5-FU cells by Western blot. Whether JAK2/STAT3 pathway regulated the transcription of ATF6 was investigated through luciferase reporter assay. The expression of LC3B was detected by immunofluorescence assay. Next, ER stress inhibitor and ATF6 overexpression plasmid were respectively used to treat AGS/5-FU cells for analyzing whether JAK2/STAT3 pathway regulated ER stress. The results showed that JAK2 inhibitor or STAT3 inhibitor significantly altered the expression of these proteins and suppressed the activities of ATF6 promoter. Intriguingly, ATP6 overexpression could markedly reverse their effects. Moreover, similar effects to JAK2 inhibitor or STAT3 inhibitor appeared in ER stress inhibitor-treated group. These findings indicated that the involvement of JAK2/STAT3 pathway in regulating ER stress affected the 5-FU resistance of AGS cells and autophagy, which was mediated by ATF6. Targeting JAK2/STAT3 pathway could be a potential approach to decrease the 5-FU resistance of gastric cancer and enhance the sensitivity of gastric cancer to 5-FU. Additionally, our study offers new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the resistance of gastric cancer to 5-FU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Ma
- The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Oncology, Ningbo City, China
| | - Youhui Wang
- The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Oncology, Ningbo City, China
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11
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Bhardwaj V, Tan YQ, Wu MM, Ma L, Zhu T, Lobie PE, Pandey V. Long non-coding RNAs in recurrent ovarian cancer: Theranostic perspectives. Cancer Lett 2021; 502:97-107. [PMID: 33429007 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Nearly 70% of ovarian cancer (OC) patients experience recurrence within the first 2 years after initial treatment. Emerging evidence indicates that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of OC progression, resistance to therapy and recurrent OC (ROC). Transcriptome profiling studies have reported differential expression patterns of lncRNAs in OC which are related to increased cell invasion, metastasis and drug resistance. In this review, we highlighted the roles of lncRNAs in OC progression and outlined the potential molecular mechanisms by which lncRNAs impact on ROC. Recent advances using lncRNAs as potential biomarkers for screening, detection, prediction, response to therapy and as therapeutic targets are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipul Bhardwaj
- Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Yan Qin Tan
- Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China
| | - Ming Ming Wu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230000, Anhui, PR China; The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230000, Anhui, PR China
| | - Lan Ma
- Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China; Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230000, Anhui, PR China; The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230000, Anhui, PR China
| | - Peter E Lobie
- Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China; Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China; Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Vijay Pandey
- Tsinghua Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China; Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, PR China.
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Circular RNA circ-PVT1 contributes to paclitaxel resistance of gastric cancer cells through the regulation of ZEB1 expression by sponging miR-124-3p. Biosci Rep 2020; 39:221384. [PMID: 31793989 PMCID: PMC6928529 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20193045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most commonly diagnosed malignancy. Paclitaxel (PTX) is an effective first-line chemotherapy drug in GC treatment, but the resistance of PTX attenuates the therapeutic effect. Circular RNA circ-PVT1 can exert the oncogenic effect in GC. But the function of circ-PVT1 involved in PTX resistance of GC is still unknown. In the present study, the expression levels of circ-PVT1, miR-124-3p and ZEB1 in PTX-resistant GC tissues and cells were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). PTX resistance in PTX-resistant cells was assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The protein levels of Zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1), P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and glutathione S-transferase (GST-π) were detected by Western blot assay. Cell apoptosis and invasion were measured in PTX-resistant cells by flow cytometry and transwell invasion assays, severally. The interaction between miR-124-3p and circ-PVT1 or ZEB1 was predicted by starBase software, and then verified by the dual-luciferase reporter assay. The role of circ-PVT1 in PTX resistance of GC in vivo was measured by xenograft tumor model. Our results showed that circ-PVT1 expression was up-regulated in PTX-resistant GC tissues and cells. Circ-PVT1 down-regulation enhanced PTX sensitivity in PTX-resistant GC cells by negatively regulating miR-124-3p. ZEB1 served as a direct target of miR-124-3p. Circ-PVT1 enhanced ZEB1 expression by sponging miR-124-3p. Circ-PVT1 knockdown increased PTX sensitivity of GC in vivo. Taken together, our studies disclosed that circ-PVT1 facilitated PTX resistance by up-regulating ZEB1 mediated via miR-124-3p, suggesting an underlying therapeutic strategy for GC.
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Molecular Bases of Mechanisms Accounting for Drug Resistance in Gastric Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082116. [PMID: 32751679 PMCID: PMC7463778 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC) is the most common histological type of gastric cancer, the fifth according to the frequency and the third among the deadliest cancers. GAC high mortality is due to a combination of factors, such as silent evolution, late clinical presentation, underlying genetic heterogeneity, and effective mechanisms of chemoresistance (MOCs) that make the available antitumor drugs scarcely useful. MOCs include reduced drug uptake (MOC-1a), enhanced drug efflux (MOC-1b), low proportion of active agents in tumor cells due to impaired pro-drug activation or active drug inactivation (MOC-2), changes in molecular targets sensitive to anticancer drugs (MOC-3), enhanced ability of cancer cells to repair drug-induced DNA damage (MOC-4), decreased function of pro-apoptotic factors versus up-regulation of anti-apoptotic genes (MOC-5), changes in tumor cell microenvironment altering the response to anticancer agents (MOC-6), and phenotypic transformations, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the appearance of stemness characteristics (MOC-7). This review summarizes updated information regarding the molecular bases accounting for these mechanisms and their impact on the lack of clinical response to the pharmacological treatment currently used in GAC. This knowledge is required to identify novel biomarkers to predict treatment failure and druggable targets, and to develop sensitizing strategies to overcome drug refractoriness in GAC.
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14
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Zhang J, Chen M, Zhao Y, Xiong H, Sneh T, Fan Y, Wang J, Zhou X, Gong C. Complement and coagulation cascades pathway correlates with chemosensitivity and overall survival in patients with soft tissue sarcoma. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 879:173121. [PMID: 32339514 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy is an indispensable method in treatment of Soft tissue sarcomas (STS), but variability in sensitivity as a result of tumor heterogeneity is a key factor in determining patient outcome. Several studies have investigated the phenomenon of chemotherapy resistance in STS, while its precise complex mechanism is still unknown. This study aims to identify potential biomarkers for predicting the STS chemosensitivity, with the goal of both aiding patient treatment determination in the clinic and providing insight into key parts of the underlying mechanism. Gene expression profiles of 265 patients were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with chemosensitivity were identified in groups of varying chemosensitivity, including 177 upregulated and 21 downregulated genes (P < 0.05). Then, DEGs were found to be enriched in complement and coagulation cascades and the osteoclast differentiation pathway. Protein-protein interaction analysis showed 15 genes (52 edges) enriched in the complement and coagulation cascades while 11 genes (28 edges) enriched in the osteoclast differentiation pathway. Notably, all the genes that significantly correlated to disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS), such as C1QC, C3AR1, C7, CFI and SERPINE1, are enriched in complement and coagulation cascades pathway. The differential expression of these genes was further verified by using the GSE database. Our findings support that C1QC, C3AR1, C7, CFI and SERPINE1 in the complement and coagulation cascade pathway are potential biomarkers for chemotherapy resistance and survival of STS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China
| | - Maoshan Chen
- Myeloma Research Group, Australian Centre for Blood Diseases (ACBD), Clinical Central School, Monash University, Melbourne, 3004, Australia
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- Department of Organ Transplantation, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China
| | - Huihua Xiong
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China
| | - Tal Sneh
- Center for Molecular Design and Biomimetics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - Yang Fan
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China
| | - Xiao Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China
| | - Chen Gong
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, PR China.
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15
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Song J, Chen Y, He D, Tan W, Lv F, Liang B, Xia T, Li J. Astragalus Polysaccharide Promotes Adriamycin-Induced Apoptosis in Gastric Cancer Cells. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:2405-2414. [PMID: 32280276 PMCID: PMC7131994 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s237146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Astragalus polysaccharide (APS), a common Chinese herbal compound extracted from Astragalus membranaceus, has been proposed to increase the tumour response of and stabilize chemotherapy drugs while reducing their toxicity. Here, we examined the effects of APS on apoptosis in gastric cancer (GC) cells in the presence or absence of adriamycin (0.1 µg/mL). Methods GC cells cultured in the presence or absence of adriamycin (0.1 µg/mL) were administered APS (50–200 µg/mL) for 24–72 h and subjected to an MTT assay to examine cell viability. Active caspase-3 expression and DNA fragmentation were assessed to evaluate apoptosis, and real-time PCR was used to analyse the expression levels of multidrug resistance (MDR1) genes and tumour suppressor genes. Western blot analysis was applied to detect cleaved caspase-3 and phosphorylated AMPK (p-AMPK). Results Cellular viability was profoundly reduced by APS, and GC cell apoptosis was strongly increased by APS in a time- and dose-dependent manner; these changes may be linked to an increase in p-AMPK levels because the AMPK inhibitor compound C blocked the effects of APS. Similarly, adriamycin-induced decreases in cellular viability and apoptosis of GC cells were enhanced by APS administration. The expression of tumour suppressor genes (SEMA3F, P21WAF1/CIP1, FBXW7), but not of MDR1, was increased by APS compared to the control, and p-AMPK levels were lower in adriamycin-resistant GC cells than in either adriamycin-sensitive GC cells or an immortalized human gastric epithelial cell line. Conclusion APS induces apoptosis independently and strengthens the proapoptotic effect of adriamycin on GC cells, suggesting that APS may act as a chemotherapeutic sensitizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Song
- Center of Digestive Endoscopy, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Youming Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Donghong He
- Center of Digestive Endoscopy, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhui Tan
- Center of Digestive Endoscopy, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Lv
- Center of Digestive Endoscopy, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Biao Liang
- Center of Digestive Endoscopy, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Xia
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- Center of Digestive Endoscopy, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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16
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Ruan T, Liu W, Tao K, Wu C. A Review of Research Progress in Multidrug-Resistance Mechanisms in Gastric Cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:1797-1807. [PMID: 32184615 PMCID: PMC7053652 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s239336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors, and it is also one of the leading causes of cancer death worldwide. Because of its insidious symptoms and lack of early dictation screening, many cases of gastric cancer are at late stages which make it more complicated to cure. For these advanced-stage gastric cancers, combination therapy of surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and target therapy would bring more benefit to the patients. However, the drug-resistance to the chemotherapy restricts its effect and might lead to treatment failure. In this review article, we discuss the mechanisms which have been found in recent years of drug resistance in gastric cancer. And we also want to find new approaches to counteract chemotherapy resistance and bring more benefits to the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuo Ruan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Weizhen Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Kaixiong Tao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Chuanqing Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
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17
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Russi S, Verma HK, Laurino S, Mazzone P, Storto G, Nardelli A, Zoppoli P, Calice G, La Rocca F, Sgambato A, Lucci V, Falco G, Ruggieri V. Adapting and Surviving: Intra and Extra-Cellular Remodeling in Drug-Resistant Gastric Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153736. [PMID: 31370155 PMCID: PMC6695752 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the significant recent advances in clinical practice, gastric cancer (GC) represents a leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the world. In fact, occurrence of chemo-resistance still remains a daunting hindrance to effectiveness of the current approach to GC therapy. There is accumulating evidence that a plethora of cellular and molecular factors is implicated in drug-induced phenotypical switching of GC cells. Among them, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), autophagy, drug detoxification, DNA damage response and drug target alterations, have been reported as major determinants. Intriguingly, resistant GC phenotype may be the result of GC cell-induced tumor microenvironment (TME) remodeling, which is currently emerging as a key player in promoting drug resistance and overcoming cytotoxic effects of drugs. In this review, we discuss the possible mechanisms of drug resistance and their involvement in determining current GC therapies failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabino Russi
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, IRCCS-Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata (CROB), 85028 Rionero in Vulture (PZ), Italy
| | - Henu Kumar Verma
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Section of Stem Cell and Development, Istituto di Ricerche Genetiche "Gaetano Salvatore" Biogem s.c. a.r.l., 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Simona Laurino
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, IRCCS-Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata (CROB), 85028 Rionero in Vulture (PZ), Italy
| | - Pellegrino Mazzone
- Section of Stem Cell and Development, Istituto di Ricerche Genetiche "Gaetano Salvatore" Biogem s.c. a.r.l., 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy
| | - Giovanni Storto
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, IRCCS-Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata (CROB), 85028 Rionero in Vulture (PZ), Italy
| | - Anna Nardelli
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 80145 Napoli, Italy
| | - Pietro Zoppoli
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, IRCCS-Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata (CROB), 85028 Rionero in Vulture (PZ), Italy
| | - Giovanni Calice
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, IRCCS-Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata (CROB), 85028 Rionero in Vulture (PZ), Italy
| | - Francesco La Rocca
- Laboratory of Clinical Research and Advanced Diagnostics, IRCCS-Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata (CROB), 85028 Rionero in Vulture (PZ), Italy
| | - Alessandro Sgambato
- Scientific Direction, IRCCS-Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata (CROB), 85028 Rionero in Vulture (PZ), Italy
| | - Valeria Lucci
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - Geppino Falco
- Section of Stem Cell and Development, Istituto di Ricerche Genetiche "Gaetano Salvatore" Biogem s.c. a.r.l., 83031 Ariano Irpino, Italy.
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Vitalba Ruggieri
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, IRCCS-Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata (CROB), 85028 Rionero in Vulture (PZ), Italy.
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18
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Cui Q, Wang JQ, Assaraf YG, Ren L, Gupta P, Wei L, Ashby CR, Yang DH, Chen ZS. Modulating ROS to overcome multidrug resistance in cancer. Drug Resist Updat 2018; 41:1-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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19
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Sadeghi MR, Jeddi F, Soozangar N, Somi MH, Shirmohamadi M, Khaze V, Samadi N. Nrf2/P–glycoprotein axis is associated with clinicopathological characteristics in colorectal cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 104:458-464. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.05.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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20
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Ilyas A, Hashim Z, Channa IS, Zarina S. Alendronate and FTI-277 combination as a possible therapeutic approach for hepatocellular carcinoma: An in vitro study. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2018; 17:241-250. [PMID: 29627155 DOI: 10.1016/j.hbpd.2018.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An important product of mevalonate pathway is downstream synthesis of isoprenoid units that has long been implicated in development and progression of tumor. It has been speculated that inhibition of protein prenylation might be therapeutically beneficial. The objective of current study was to evaluate antitumor potential of a novel therapeutic combination of mevalonate pathway inhibitors, FTI-277 and alendronate. We also examined differentially expressed proteins in response to treatment using proteomics approach. METHODS Huh-7 cells were incubated with different concentrations of FTI-277 alone and in combination with alendronate. Differential protein and gene expression was examined through two dimensional gel electrophoresis and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), respectively. Proteins were identified using tandem mass spectrometry analysis. RESULTS Treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell line with FTI-277 alone showed cell death in a time and dose dependent manner while in combination with alendronate, a synergistic apoptotic effect at 24 h was observed. Proteomic studies on the 20 µmol/L FTI-277 and 5 µmol/L alendronate +20 µmol/L FTI-277 treated cells revealed altered expression of different proteins including peroxiredoxin 2 (Prx2), glutathione S transferase 1 (GSTP1), Rho GTPase activating protein (RhoGAP), triosephosphate isomerase (TPI), and heat shock protein 60 (HSP60). Down-regulated expression of Prx2 and GSTP1 in treated cells was also confirmed by real-time qPCR analysis. CONCLUSIONS Combined treatment of FTI-277 and alendronate on Huh-7 HCC cells showed cell death suggesting their anticancer potential. Such treatment approaches are likely to offer new therapeutic strategies.
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MESH Headings
- Alendronate/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Humans
- Inhibitory Concentration 50
- Liver Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Methionine/analogs & derivatives
- Methionine/pharmacology
- Proteomics/methods
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Tandem Mass Spectrometry
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Ilyas
- National Center for Proteomics, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Zehra Hashim
- National Center for Proteomics, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Iffat Saeed Channa
- National Center for Proteomics, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Shamshad Zarina
- National Center for Proteomics, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
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21
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Tétard‐Jones C, Sabbadin F, Moss S, Hull R, Neve P, Edwards R. Changes in the proteome of the problem weed blackgrass correlating with multiple-herbicide resistance. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 94:709-720. [PMID: 29575327 PMCID: PMC5969246 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Revised: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Herbicide resistance in grass weeds is now one of the greatest threats to sustainable cereal production in Northern Europe. Multiple-herbicide resistance (MHR), a poorly understood multigenic and quantitative trait, is particularly problematic as it provides tolerance to most classes of chemistries currently used for post-emergence weed control. Using a combination of transcriptomics and proteomics, the evolution of MHR in populations of the weed blackgrass (Alopecurus myosuroides) has been investigated. While over 4500 genes showed perturbation in their expression in MHR versus herbicide sensitive (HS) plants, only a small group of proteins showed >2-fold changes in abundance, with a mere eight proteins consistently associated with this class of resistance. Of the eight, orthologues of three of these proteins are also known to be associated with multiple drug resistance (MDR) in humans, suggesting a cross-phyla conservation in evolved tolerance to chemical agents. Proteomics revealed that MHR could be classified into three sub-types based on the association with resistance to herbicides with differing modes of action (MoA), being either global, specific to diverse chemistries acting on one MoA, or herbicide specific. Furthermore, the proteome of MHR plants were distinct from that of HS plants exposed to a range of biotic (insect feeding, plant-microbe interaction) and abiotic (N-limitation, osmotic, heat, herbicide safening) challenges commonly encountered in the field. It was concluded that MHR in blackgrass is a uniquely evolving trait(s), associated with changes in the proteome that are distinct from responses to conventional plant stresses, but sharing common features with MDR in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Tétard‐Jones
- Agriculture, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon‐TyneNE1 7RUUK
| | | | - Stephen Moss
- Stephen Moss Consulting7 Alzey GardensHarpendenHertfordshireAL5 5SZUK
| | - Richard Hull
- Rothamsted ResearchHarpendenHertfordshireAL5 2JQUK
| | - Paul Neve
- Rothamsted ResearchHarpendenHertfordshireAL5 2JQUK
| | - Robert Edwards
- Agriculture, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon‐TyneNE1 7RUUK
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22
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Chen Z, Zheng Y, Shi Y, Cui Z. Overcoming tumor cell chemoresistance using nanoparticles: lysosomes are beneficial for (stearoyl) gemcitabine-incorporated solid lipid nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:319-336. [PMID: 29391792 PMCID: PMC5768424 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s149196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances in targeted therapies and immunotherapies, chemotherapy using cytotoxic agents remains an indispensable modality in cancer treatment. Recently, there has been a growing emphasis in using nanomedicine in cancer chemotherapy, and several nanomedicines have already been used clinically to treat cancers. There is evidence that formulating small molecular cancer chemotherapeutic agents into nanomedicines significantly modifies their pharmacokinetics and often improves their efficacy. Importantly, cancer cells often develop resistance to chemotherapy, and formulating anticancer drugs into nanomedicines also helps overcome chemoresistance. In this review, we briefly describe the different classes of cancer chemotherapeutic agents, their mechanisms of action and resistance, and evidence of overcoming the resistance using nanomedicines. We then emphasize on gemcitabine and our experience in discovering the unique (stearoyl) gemcitabine solid lipid nanoparticles that are effective against tumor cells resistant to gemcitabine and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. It seems that lysosomes, which are an obstacle in the delivery of many drugs, are actually beneficial for our (stearoyl) gemcitabine solid lipid nanoparticles to overcome tumor cell resistance to gemcitabine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Chen
- Inner Mongolia Key Lab of Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yuanqiang Zheng
- Inner Mongolia Key Lab of Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yanchun Shi
- Inner Mongolia Key Lab of Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Zhengrong Cui
- Inner Mongolia Key Lab of Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China.,Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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23
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Hatem E, El Banna N, Huang ME. Multifaceted Roles of Glutathione and Glutathione-Based Systems in Carcinogenesis and Anticancer Drug Resistance. Antioxid Redox Signal 2017; 27:1217-1234. [PMID: 28537430 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Glutathione is the most abundant antioxidant molecule in living organisms and has multiple functions. Intracellular glutathione homeostasis, through its synthesis, consumption, and degradation, is an intricately balanced process. Glutathione levels are often high in tumor cells before treatment, and there is a strong correlation between elevated levels of intracellular glutathione/sustained glutathione-mediated redox activity and resistance to pro-oxidant anticancer therapy. Recent Advances: Ample evidence demonstrates that glutathione and glutathione-based systems are particularly relevant in cancer initiation, progression, and the development of anticancer drug resistance. CRITICAL ISSUES This review highlights the multifaceted roles of glutathione and glutathione-based systems in carcinogenesis, anticancer drug resistance, and clinical applications. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The evidence summarized here underscores the important role played by glutathione and the glutathione-based systems in carcinogenesis and anticancer drug resistance. Future studies should address mechanistic questions regarding the distinct roles of glutathione in different stages of cancer development and cancer cell death. It will be important to study how metabolic alterations in cancer cells can influence glutathione homeostasis. Sensitive approaches to monitor glutathione dynamics in subcellular compartments will be an indispensible step. Therapeutic perspectives should focus on mechanism-based rational drug combinations that are directed against multiple redox targets using effective, specific, and clinically safe inhibitors. This new strategy is expected to produce a synergistic effect, prevent drug resistance, and diminish doses of single drugs. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 27, 1217-1234.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elie Hatem
- 1 CNRS UMR3348, Institut Curie, PSL Research University , Orsay, France .,2 CNRS UMR3348, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay , Orsay, France
| | - Nadine El Banna
- 1 CNRS UMR3348, Institut Curie, PSL Research University , Orsay, France .,2 CNRS UMR3348, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay , Orsay, France
| | - Meng-Er Huang
- 1 CNRS UMR3348, Institut Curie, PSL Research University , Orsay, France .,2 CNRS UMR3348, Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay , Orsay, France
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24
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Jeddi F, Soozangar N, Sadeghi MR, Somi MH, Shirmohamadi M, Eftekhar-Sadat AT, Samadi N. Nrf2 overexpression is associated with P-glycoprotein upregulation in gastric cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 97:286-292. [PMID: 29091877 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.10.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents remains very poor in gastric cancer (GC) patients due to the development of multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype. The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), is a pivotal transcriptional factor that regulates phase II detoxifying enzymes, antioxidants and efflux transporters including P-glycoprotein (P-gp). The aim of this study was to investigate the association of Nrf2 and P-gp and their correlations with clinicopathological criteria in GC patients.Nrf2 and MDR1/P-gp expressions in both mRNA and protein levels were examined by real-time PCR and immunohistochemical staining (IHC) respectively, in endoscopic biopsy samples from60 GC patients compared with those expressions in non-GC individuals. Our results from IHC examinations revealed that Nrf2 expression in GC patients (46.7%) is markedly higher than that in non-GC individuals (11.7%) (p<0.001, Mann-Whitney test) which was confirmed by real-time PCR in mRNA levels. Induction of P-gp as a drug efflux pump, was associated with Nrf2 overexpression in these samples (r=0.55, p<0.001). There was also a strong correlation between Nrf2 overexpression and tumor size, histological grade, lymph node and distant metastasis while P-gp upregulation was shown to be associated only with the histological grade and tumor size (Chi-square, all p<0.05). Our results suggest that therapeutic inhibition of Nrf2 expression can improve the efficacy of chemotherapeutic agents for GC patients by down regulation of P-gp expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Jeddi
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Narges Soozangar
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Reza Sadeghi
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Hossein Somi
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Masoud Shirmohamadi
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | | | - Nasser Samadi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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25
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Wang C, Xi W, Jiang J, Ji J, Yu Y, Zhu Z, Zhang J. Metronomic chemotherapy remodel cancer-associated fibroblasts to decrease chemoresistance of gastric cancer in nude mice. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:7903-7909. [PMID: 29344235 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate whether capecitabine or 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) chemotherapy with the metronomic pattern may cause significant chemoresistance compared with the traditional pattern, and whether CAFs are involved in drug resistance. SGC-7901 cells were subcutaneously injected into the nude mice, and the mice were divided into five groups: The control group, intraperitoneally injected with normal saline; the 5-Fu conventional dose group [5-Fu maximum tolerated dose (MTD) group], intraperitoneally injected with 50 mg/kg, twice per week for 2 weeks, with an 1-week discontinuation for 6 weeks; the capecitabine conventional dose group (capecitabine MTD group), intragastric 500 mg/kg, twice per week for 2 weeks, with a 1-week discontinuation for 6 weeks; the 5-Fu metronomic group [5-Fu low-dose metronomic (LDM) group], intraperitoneally injected with 15 mg/kg, twice a week for 6 weeks; and the capecitabine metronomic group (capecitabine LDM group), intragastric administration at 200 mg/kg, twice a week for 6 weeks. The chemotherapy resistance markers [glutathione transferase Pi (GSTP) and multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1)] were detected by immunohistochemical staining (IHC), and the association of the expression of these markers with the chemotherapy administration patterns was analyzed. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) marker α-smooth muscle actin were also examined by IHC to illustrate the possible mechanism of chemoresistance. The expression of GSTP and MDR1 in the MTD groups was significantly higher compared with those of the LDM groups (P<0.01). Furthermore, the number of CAFs and the level of VEGF in the MTD groups were significantly higher compared with those of the LDM groups (P<0.05). The low dose metronomic chemotherapy did not increase the risk of chemoresistance compared with the conventional dose traditional chemotherapy in terms of capecitabine or 5-Fu, the increasing amount of CAFs in the microenvironment of cancer cell following therapy may protect cell from capecitabine or 5-Fu via producing VEGF to increase vascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Wenqi Xi
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Jinling Jiang
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Jun Ji
- Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Yingyan Yu
- Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Zhenggang Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China.,Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P.R. China
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Yang L, Du C, Wu L, Yu J, An X, Yu W, Cao S, Li H, Ren X. Cytokine-Induced Killer Cells Modulates Resistance to Cisplatin in the A549/DDP Cell Line. J Cancer 2017; 8:3287-3295. [PMID: 29158802 PMCID: PMC5665046 DOI: 10.7150/jca.19426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells can potentially enhance the tumor-killing activity of chemotherapy. Objective This study aimed to evaluate the effects of CIK cells on cisplatin (DDP) resistance in the human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549/DDP. Methods The detect resistance index, drug resistance related-genes and cytokine secretion of A549/DDP co-cultured with CIK cells were assayed in vitro. ResultsAfter A549/DDP co-culture with CIK cells, the DDP resistance of A549/DDP significantly decreased in a time-dependent manner. The DDP resistance of A549/DDP co-cultured with CIK cells for 20 h decreased 4.93-fold compared with that of A549/DDP cells cultured alone (P<0.05). The mRNA and protein expression levels of the glutathione-S-transferase (GST) -π gene in A549/DDP significantly decreased after co-culture with CIK cells (P<0.05). The secretion of interferon (IFN)- γ significantly increased along with the co-culture time of A549/DDP with CIK cells. The expression of GST-π was restored by adding the neutralizing IFN-γ. ConclusionCIK cells can reverse the drug resistance of A549/DDP in a time-dependent manner by reducing GST-π expression to increase the accumulation of DDP. The effect of CIK cells on re-sensitizing lung cancer cells to the chemotherapy drug was partially dependent on the secretion of IFN-γ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Yang
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunjuan Du
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Wu
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinpu Yu
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiumei An
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenwen Yu
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Shui Cao
- Department of Biotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiubao Ren
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Biotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
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Abstract
The pivotal role of the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) urothelial carcinoma associated 1 (UCA1) in anti-cancer drug resistance has been confirmed in many cancers. Overexpression of lncRNA UCA1 correlates with resistance to chemotherapeutics such as cisplatin, gemcitabine, 5-FU, tamoxifen, imatinib and EGFR-TKIs, whereas lncRNA UCA1 knockdown restores drug sensitivity. These studies highlight the potential of lncRNA UCA1 as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker, and a therapeutic target in malignant tumors. In this review, we address the role of lncRNA UCA1 in anti-cancer drug resistance and discuss its potential in future clinical applications.
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Li S, Li B, Wang J, Zhang D, Liu Z, Zhang Z, Zhang W, Wang Y, Bai D, Guan J, Zhang Y. Identification of Sensitivity Predictors of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for the Treatment of Adenocarcinoma of Gastroesophageal Junction. Oncol Res 2017; 25:93-97. [PMID: 28081737 PMCID: PMC7840763 DOI: 10.3727/096504016x14719078133564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of reliable predictors of chemotherapy sensitivity and early screening of adenocarcinoma of gastroesophageal junction (AGEJ) patients who are resistant to chemotherapy has become an important area of clinical and translational research. We aimed to investigate the predictive value of seven cancer-associated cellular proteins for neoadjuvant chemotherapy in AGEJ patients. Clinical data of 93 patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy for locally advanced AGEJ between June 2010 and December 2014 were reviewed. All patients were administered the combination regimen of S-1 and oxaliplatin (SOX). Expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), glutathione S-transferase-π (GST-π), topoisomerase II (topo II), multidrug resistance gene-associated protein (MRP), lung resistance-related protein (LRP), Ki-67, and p53 was determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in AGEJ tissues before neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Chemotherapeutic efficacy was evaluated according to RECIST 1.0 standards and histopathological results, and the relationship between the expression of the cellular proteins and chemotherapy efficacy was analyzed. The SOX regimen was associated with an overall response rate of 46.2%. The frequency of expression of the seven cancer-associated factors in the AGEJ tissues was as follows: P-gp, 64.5%; GST-π, 39.8%; topo II, 72.0%; MRP, 33.3%; LRP, 68.8%; Ki-67, 62.4%; and p53, 40.9%. Expression of Ki-67 (p = 0.003) and p53 (p = 0.009) was significantly correlated with chemotherapy sensitivity. Elevated Ki-67 expression and decreased p53 expression predict for SOX insensitivity in AGEJ, and the cellular expression of these respective proteins may provide a useful reference for designing individualized chemotherapy regimens for AGEJ patients in the future.
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29
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An X, Sarmiento C, Tan T, Zhu H. Regulation of multidrug resistance by microRNAs in anti-cancer therapy. Acta Pharm Sin B 2017; 7:38-51. [PMID: 28119807 PMCID: PMC5237711 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) remains a major clinical obstacle to successful cancer treatment. Although diverse mechanisms of MDR have been well elucidated, such as dysregulation of drugs transporters, defects of apoptosis and autophagy machinery, alterations of drug metabolism and drug targets, disrupti on of redox homeostasis, the exact mechanisms of MDR in a specific cancer patient and the cross-talk among these different mechanisms and how they are regulated are poorly understood. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a new class of small noncoding RNAs that could control the global activity of the cell by post-transcriptionally regulating a large variety of target genes and proteins expression. Accumulating evidence shows that miRNAs play a key regulatory role in MDR through modulating various drug resistant mechanisms mentioned above, thereby holding much promise for developing novel and more effective individualized therapies for cancer treatment. This review summarizes the various MDR mechanisms and mainly focuses on the role of miRNAs in regulating MDR in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin An
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Cesar Sarmiento
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Tao Tan
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Corresponding authors..
| | - Hua Zhu
- Department of Surgery, Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Corresponding authors..
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30
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Shi WJ, Gao JB. Molecular mechanisms of chemoresistance in gastric cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2016; 8:673-681. [PMID: 27672425 PMCID: PMC5027022 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v8.i9.673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the fourth most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Chemotherapy is one of the major treatments for gastric cancer, but drug resistance limits the effectiveness of chemotherapy, which results in treatment failure. Resistance to chemotherapy can be present intrinsically before the administration of chemotherapy or it can develop during chemotherapy. The mechanisms of chemotherapy resistance in gastric cancer are complex and multifactorial. A variety of factors have been demonstrated to be involved in chemoresistance, including the reduced intracellular concentrations of drugs, alterations in drug targets, the dysregulation of cell survival and death signaling pathways, and interactions between cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms of chemoresistance in gastric cancer and on recent studies that have sought to overcome the underlying mechanisms of chemoresistance.
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31
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Deng H, Zhang J, Shi J, Guo Z, He C, Ding L, Tang JH, Hou Y. Role of long non-coding RNA in tumor drug resistance. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:11623-11631. [PMID: 27380056 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5125-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy has been extensively used in tumor treatment, including either systemic or local treatment. Miserably, in many kinds of cancers, chemotherapy is gradually insensitive. The mechanisms of tumor drug resistance have been widely explored, yet have not been fully characterized. With several studies in the development of drug resistance, recent works have highlighted the involvement of non-coding RNAs in tumor development. A growing number of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified as transcripts of larger than 200 nucleotides in length, which have low coding potential, but potentially coding small peptides with 50-70 amino acids. Despite so often being branded as transcriptional noise, it is becoming increasingly clear that a large number of lncRNAs are crucial molecular regulators of the processes of tumor involving the initiation and progression of human tumor. More recently, accumulating evidence is revealing an important role of lncRNA in tumor drug resistance and lncRNA expression profiling can be correlated with the evolution of tumor drug resistance. The long non-coding-RNA-mediated form of drug resistance brings yet another mechanism of drug resistance. So, exploiting the newly emerging knowledge of lncRNAs for the development of new therapeutic applications to overcome human tumor drug resistance will be significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Deng
- Graduate School, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, HeFei, China.,Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu, 42 Bai Zi Ting Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210000, China.,The People Hospital of SuSong, SuSong, AnHui, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu, 42 Bai Zi Ting Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210000, China.,Surgery of Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, HeFei, China
| | - JinJun Shi
- The People Hospital of SuSong, SuSong, AnHui, China
| | - ZhengDong Guo
- Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, China
| | - ChunRong He
- The People Hospital of SuSong, SuSong, AnHui, China
| | - Li Ding
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu, 42 Bai Zi Ting Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210000, China
| | - Jin Hai Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Cancer Institute of Jiangsu, 42 Bai Zi Ting Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210000, China.
| | - Yong Hou
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 139 Mei Shan Road, HeFei, AnHui, 230000, China.
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32
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Wang YW, Zhu ML, Wang RF, Xue WJ, Zhu XR, Wang LF, Zheng LZ. Predictable factors for lymph node metastasis in early gastric cancer analysis of clinicopathologic factors and biological markers. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:8567-78. [PMID: 26733174 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4721-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Predicting lymph node metastasis (LNM) accurately is very important to decide treatment strategies preoperatively. The aim of this study was to explore risk factors that predict the presence of LNM in early gastric cancer (EGC). A total of 230 patients with EGC who underwent curative gastrectomy with lymph adenectomy at Xinhua Hospital from January 2006 to July 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. We studied the relationship between clinicopathological factors, biological markers (p53, ki67, nm23, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), E-cadherin (E-cad), beta-catenin (b-catenin), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and topoisomerase II (Topo II)), and LNM of EGC patients by chi-square test and logistic regression analysis. Meta-analyses were further conducted to review the effects of the proteins (P53, ki67, E-cad, and b-catenin) on LNM in ECG patients. LNM was detected in 42 (18.3 %) of 230 patients. Incidences of LNM was distinct in different tumor size (p = 0.044), depth of submucosal invasion (p < 0.0001), and P53 overexpression (p = 0.004). Multivariate analysis further indentified that large tumor size (≥20 mm, odds ratio (OR) = 2.168, p = 0.041), submucosa (OR = 4.000, p = 0.0005), and P53 overexpression (OR = 3.010, p = 0.022) were independent risk factors of LNM in EGC patients. The meta-analysis revealed a significantly statistical association of P53, ki67, and b-catenin with an increased risk of LNM in EGC patients (P53, OR = 1.81, p = 0.017; ki67, OR = 2.53, p = 0.0003; b-catenin, OR = 0.53, p = 0.01). Tumor size (≥20 mm), the depth of invasion (submucosa), and P53 overexpression may be helpful predictors of LNM in EGC patients. Furthermore, the results of meta-analysis revealed that P53, ki67 overexpression, and abnormal expression of b-catenin may be associated with LNM in EGC. The results need further validation in single large studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wei Wang
- Department of Oncology, Xin Hua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, NO.1665, Kong Jiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei-Ling Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Xin Hua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, NO.1665, Kong Jiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Fen Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xin Hua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, NO.1665, Kong Jiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Ji Xue
- Department of Oncology, Xin Hua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, NO.1665, Kong Jiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Ru Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Xin Hua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, NO.1665, Kong Jiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Feng Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xin Hua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, NO.1665, Kong Jiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lei-Zhen Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Xin Hua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, NO.1665, Kong Jiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, People's Republic of China.
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33
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Wu Y, Qi Y, Liu H, Wang X, Zhu H, Wang Z. AMPK activator AICAR promotes 5-FU-induced apoptosis in gastric cancer cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 411:299-305. [PMID: 26497305 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2592-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of AICAR, an AMPK activator, on apoptosis in gastric carcinoma cells (SGC-7901) with or without 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). SGC-7901 cells were treated with AICAR (0.2-5 mM, for 24-48 h) with or without 5-FU. Cell viability was determined using MTT assay, while apoptosis were measured through the evaluation of active caspase-3 activity and DNA fragmentation. Real-time PCR was employed to determine the expression of tumor suppressor and multi-drug resistant (mdr1) gene. Cleaved caspase-3 and phosphorylated AMPK (p-AMPK) were measured by Western blot. AICAR significant reduced cellular viability but increased apoptosis in a time- and dose-dependent manner, which is associated with an increase in p-AMPK levels. Importantly, AICAR enhanced the sensitivity to 5-FU-induced reduction of cellular viability and increased apoptosis in SGC-7901 cells. Furthermore, AICAR increased tumor suppressor genes [F-box and WD repeat domain containing 7 (FBXW7), semaphorin III/F (SEMA3F), and p21(Cip1) (p21)] but reduced mdr1 expression. Finally, p-AMPK levels were reduced in 5-FU-resistant gastric cancer cells compared to human immortalized gastric epithelial cell line and 5-FU-sensitive gastric cancer cells. AICAR not only induces apoptosis alone but also enhances pro-apoptotic effect of 5-FU in SGC-7901 cells, which lays an experimental foundation to develop AICAR as a chemotherapeutic sensitizer against gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wu
- Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijun Qi
- Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Hu Liu
- Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoshan Wang
- Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaqing Zhu
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhengguang Wang
- Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
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Wang B, Chen Z, Yu F, Chen Q, Tian Y, Ma S, Wang T, Liu X. Hsp90 regulates autophagy and plays a role in cancer therapy. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:1-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4142-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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35
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Qian JQ, Sun P, Pan ZY, Fang ZZ. Annonaceous acetogenins reverses drug resistance of human hepatocellular carcinoma BEL-7402/5-FU and HepG2/ADM cell lines. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2015; 8:11934-11944. [PMID: 26617951 PMCID: PMC4637767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common tumor in worldwide and chemotherapy resistant is a severe obstacle in HCC treatment. Annonaceous acetogenins was a nature compound from Uvaria accuminata and it has show the anti-tumor proliferation activity in many types cancer. In this study, we showed that annonaceous acetogenins is correlated with the drug resistance reversal in human hepatocellular carcinoma BEL-7402/5-FU and HepG2/ADM cell lines. We found that cell apoptosis was improved and cell cycle was arrested, further, multidrug-resistance proteins such as MDR1, MRP1, Topo-IIα, GST-π, cyclin D1, Survivin and bcl-2 are down-regulated, however, intracellular Rh-123 and caspase-3/8 was up-regulated by Annonaceous acetogenins treatment. We also found that there was a decreased activity of NF-κB and Akt in Annonaceous acetogenins treatment groups. Therefore, we demonstrate that Akt/NF-κB pathway was involved in Annonaceous acetogenins reverses drug resistance of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Qiang Qian
- Department of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and TherapyTianjin 300060, China
| | - Pei Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and TherapyTianjin 300060, China
| | - Zhan-Yu Pan
- Department of Integrative Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and TherapyTianjin 300060, China
| | - Zhi-Zhong Fang
- School of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjin 300070, China
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36
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de Oliveira DM, de Farias MT, Teles ALB, Dos Santos Junior MC, de Cerqueira MD, Lima RMF, El-Bachá RS. 8-Methoxypsoralen is a competitive inhibitor of glutathione S-transferase P1-1. Front Cell Neurosci 2014; 8:308. [PMID: 25324722 PMCID: PMC4179718 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is known to protect healthy brain cells from potentially dangerous chemical agents, but there are many evidences supporting the idea that this protective action is extended to tumor cells. Since the process of angiogenesis in brain tumors leads to BBB breakdown, biochemical characteristics of the BBB seem to be more relevant than physical barriers to protect tumor cells from chemotherapy. In fact, a number of resistance related factors were already demonstrated to be component of both BBB and tumor cells. The enzyme glutathione S-transferases (GST) detoxify electrophilic xenobiotics and endogenous secondary metabolites formed during oxidative stress. A role has been attributed to GST in the resistance of cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents. This study characterized 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) as a human GST P1-1 (hGST P1-1) inhibitor. To identify and characterize the potential inhibitory activity of 8-MOP, we studied the enzyme kinetics of the conjugation of 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) with GSH catalyzed by hGST P1-1. We report here that 8-MOP competitively inhibited hGST P1-1 relative to CDNB, but there was an uncompetitive inhibition relative to GSH. Chromatographic analyses suggest that 8-MOP is not a substrate. Molecular docking simulations suggest that 8-MOP binds to the active site, but its position prevents the GSH conjugation. Thus, we conclude that 8-MOP is a promising prototype for new GST inhibitors pharmacologically useful in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders and the resistance of cancer to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Martins Dias de Cerqueira
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Bahia Salvador, Brazil
| | - Rute Maria Ferreira Lima
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia Salvador, Brazil
| | - Ramon Santos El-Bachá
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, Federal University of Bahia Salvador, Brazil
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Singh S. Cytoprotective and regulatory functions of glutathione S-transferases in cancer cell proliferation and cell death. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2014; 75:1-15. [PMID: 25143300 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-014-2566-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) family of enzymes is best known for their cytoprotective role and their involvement in the development of anticancer drug resistance. Recently, emergence of non-detoxifying properties of GSTs has provided them with significant biological importance. Addressing the complex interactions of GSTs with regulatory kinases will help in understanding its precise role in tumor pathophysiology and in designing GST-centered anticancer strategies. METHODS We reviewed all published literature addressing the detoxification and regulatory roles of GSTs in the altered biology of cancer and evaluating novel agents targeting GSTs for cancer therapy. RESULTS The role of GSTs, especially glutathione S-transferase P1 isoform in tumoral drug resistance, has been the cause of intense debate. GSTs have been demonstrated to interact with different protein partners and modulate signaling pathways that control cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. These specific functions of GSTs could lead to the development of new therapeutic approaches and to the identification of some interesting candidates for preclinical and clinical development. This review focuses on the crucial role played by GSTs in the development of resistance to anticancer agents and the major findings regarding the different modes of action of GSTs to regulate cell signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simendra Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Greater Noida, UP, India,
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38
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Li Y, Ma C, Shi X, Wen Z, Li D, Sun M, Ding H. Effect of nitric oxide synthase on multiple drug resistance is related to Wnt signaling in non-small cell lung cancer. Oncol Rep 2014; 32:1703-8. [PMID: 25070480 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple drug resistance (MDR) is considered a major challenge in the clinical treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Both nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and Wnt signaling pathway participate in the regulation of drug resistance, but the interaction between them remains unclear. In the present study, we detected the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in iNOS-induced drug-resistant lung cancer cells, and compared the effect of canonical and noncanonical Wnt pathway on the level of iNOS. Moreover, we investigated the expression of Wnt/β-catenin signaling downstream factors and its main inhibitors. The results indicated iNOS-induced drug resistance was possibly mediated by glutathione S-transferase-π (GST-π) and topoisomerase IIα (TOPO IIα), but not P-glycoprotein (P-gp), and this process was closely associated with the activation of canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling, but less with noncanonical pathways. The mechanism of iNOS promoting Wnt/β-catenin pathway was mainly dependent on the inverse regulation of Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1) and secreted frizzled-related protein-1 (SFRP-1). Clarifying the relationship between iNOS and Wnt signaling may provide insight into a better understanding of the mechanism of drug resistance development in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Respiration, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Chengyuan Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Xu Shi
- Department of Central Laboratory of the First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Zhongmei Wen
- Department of Respiration, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Respiration, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Munan Sun
- Cancer Biotherapy Center, Jilin Province People's Hospital, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Hui Ding
- Department of Respiration, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
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Meng X, Liu Y, Liu B. Glutathione S-transferase M1 null genotype meta-analysis on gastric cancer risk. Diagn Pathol 2014; 9:122. [PMID: 24948179 PMCID: PMC4079641 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-9-122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) have proved to be involved in the detoxifying several carcinogens and may play an important role in carcinogenesis of cancer. Previous studies on the association between Glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) polymorphism and gastric cancer (GC) risk reported inconclusive results. To get a precise result, we conducted this present meta-analysis through pooling all eligible studies. Methods A comprehensive databases of Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Chinese Biomedical Database (CBM) were searched for case–control studies investigating the association between GSTM1 null genotype and GC risk. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were used to assess this possible association. A χ2-based Q-test was used to examine the heterogeneity assumption. Begg’s and Egger’s test were used to examine the potential publication bias. The leave-one-out sensitivity analysis was conducted to determine whether our assumptions or decisions have a major effect on the results of present work. Statistical analyses were performed with the software program STATA 12.0. Results A total of 47 eligible case–control studies were identified, including 6,678 cases and 12,912 controls. Our analyses suggested that GSTM1 null genotype was significantly associated with increased risk of GC (OR = 1.186, 95% CI = 1.057-1.329, Pheterogenetiy = 0.000, P = 0.004). Significant association was also found in Asians (OR = 1.269, 95% CI = 1.106-1.455, Pheterogenetiy = 0.002, P = 0.001). However, GSTM1 null genotype was not contributed to GC risk in Caucasians (OR = 1.115, 95% CI = 0.937-1.326, Pheterogenetiy = 0.000, P = 0.222). In the subgroup analysis stratified by sources of controls, significant association was detected in hospital-based studies (OR = 1.355, 95% CI = 1.179-1.557, Pheterogenetiy = 0.001, P = 0.000), while there was no significant association detected in population-based studies (OR = 1.017, 95% CI = 0.862-1.200, Pheterogenetiy = 0.000, P = 0.840). Conclusion This meta-analysis showed the evidence that GSTM1 null genotype contributed to the development of GC. Virtual Slides The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1644180505119533.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yong Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated to the Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China.
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Aljada A, Saleh AM, Al Suwaidan S. Modulation of insulin/IGFs pathways by sirtuin-7 inhibition in drug-induced chemoreistance. Diagn Pathol 2014; 9:94. [PMID: 24885964 PMCID: PMC4229859 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-9-94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Insulin and insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are key regulators of metabolism and growth. Recent evidences suggest a key role of these pathways in non-classical tissues and the metabolic pathways by which these hormones exert their effects in neoplasia is unclear. Aims To study insulin/IGFs pathways in drug sensitive and resistant cancer cells representing breast cancer (MCF-7), osteosarcoma (SaOS-2), and ovarian cancer (A2780) and to examine the effect of Sirtuin-7 (Sirt7) inhibition on insulin/IGFs pathways in MCF-7 cell line. Methods Drug resistant cells were generated by continuous incubation of parental cell lines with stepwise increases in Doxorubicin or Cisplatin over a period of 3 to 6 months. MCF-7 cells were transfected with cloned hairpin siRNA template for Sirt7 using the Amaxa GmbH transfection system. mRNA expression of Sirt7, INSR, IRS-1, IRS-2, IRS-4, IGF-1, IGF-2, MDR-1, MRP-1, BCRP was measured by qPCR and Sirt7 by standard Western blotting. FITC-insulin uptake was imaged with Leica Confocal Microscope. Results Insulin receptor (INSR), insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) were inhibited in drug-induced resistance, whereas IRS-2 was significantly induced in all the chemoresistant cells tested when compared to their parental counterparts. IGF-1 and IGF-2 were also upregulated in all the drug resistant cells tested. Sirt7 was significantly reduced in all chemoresistant cells tested. Knockdown of Sirt7 expression in human breast MCF-7 cell line by siRNA induced premature senescence-like phenotype and multi-drug resistance, suggesting that this gene may play an active role in regulating cancer cell response to stress. Suppression of Sirt7 selectively inhibited INSR and IRS-1, whereas it had minimal effect on that of IRS-2. Sirt7 suppression in MCF-7 also inhibited insulin uptake. Additionally, Sirt7 inhibition upregulated IGF-1, IGF-2 and IGFR expression. Conclusion Our data demonstrate that stress-induced Sirt7 inhibition significantly increases stress resistance and modulates insulin/IGF-1 signaling pathways. More importantly, this study links Sir2 family proteins to insulin/IGF signaling in drug-induced stress resistance in neoplasia. Virtual Slides The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1135426681234493
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Aljada
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, P, O, Box 22490, Riyadh 11426, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Piao J, Shang Y, Liu S, Piao Y, Cui X, Li Y, Lin Z. High expression of DEK predicts poor prognosis of gastric adenocarcinoma. Diagn Pathol 2014; 9:67. [PMID: 24650035 PMCID: PMC3994479 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-9-67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DEK, as an oncoprotein, plays an important role in cancer development and progression. This study aimed to investigate the clinicopathological significance of DEK overexpression in patients with gastric cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS The expression of DEK protein was evaluated by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of 172 gastric cancer samples with complete clinicopathological features, and the correlation between DEK expression and clinicopathological features was examined. Survival rates were also calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method in gastric cancer patients with complete survival data. RESULTS DEK protein showed a strictly nuclear staining pattern in gastric cancers with IHC and immunofluorescence. The strongly positive rate of DEK protein was 60.5% (104/172) in gastric cancers, which was significantly higher than that in either gastric dysplasia (19.4%, 7/36) or adjacent normal mucosa (0%, 0/27). DEK expression in gastric cancer correlated to tumor size, differentiation, clinical stage, disease-free survival, and overall survival rates. Further analysis showed that patients with early-stage gastric cancer and high DEK expression had shorter disease-free survival and overall survival duration than those with low DEK expression. CONCLUSION High level of DEK protein expression predicts the poor prognosis of patients with gastric cancer. DEK expression might be potentially used as an independent effective biomarker for prognostic evaluation of gastric cancers. VIRTUAL SLIDES The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/5050145571193097.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Piao
- Department of Pathology, Yanbian University Medical College, No. 977, Gongyuan-Rd, Yanji 133002, China
- Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Yongjun Shang
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Chifeng University, Chifeng 024000, China
| | - Shuangping Liu
- Department of Pathology, Yanbian University Medical College, No. 977, Gongyuan-Rd, Yanji 133002, China
- Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Yingshi Piao
- Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Xuelian Cui
- Department of Pathology, Yanbian University Medical College, No. 977, Gongyuan-Rd, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Yuzi Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yanbian University Hospital, No. 1327, Juzi-St, Yanji 133000, China
| | - Zhenhua Lin
- Department of Pathology, Yanbian University Medical College, No. 977, Gongyuan-Rd, Yanji 133002, China
- Cancer Research Center, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
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Gao C, Ma T, Pang L, Xie R. Activation of P21-activated protein kinase 2 is an independent prognostic predictor for patients with gastric cancer. Diagn Pathol 2014; 9:55. [PMID: 24621074 PMCID: PMC3975179 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-9-55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective p21-activated kinase (PAK) 2, as a member of the PAK family kinases, is involved in a number of hallmark processes including cell proliferation, survival, mitosis, apoptosis, motility and angiogenesis. However, the clinical significance of the activation of PAK2 in human gastric cancer has not been fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to investigate whether PAK2 expression and its phosphorylation status are correlated with tumor progression and prognosis in gastric cancer. Methods Expression patterns and subcellular localizations of PAK2 and Ser20-phosphorylated PAK2 (pSer20PAK2) in 82 gastric cancer patients were detected by immunohistochemistry. Results Both PAK2 and pSer20PAK2 immunostainings were localized in the cytoplasm of tumor cells of gastric cancer tissues. Compared with the normal gastric mucosa, the expression levels of PAK2 and pSer20PAK2 proteins were both significantly increased (both P < 0.001). Additionally, the patients displaying the over-expression of PAK2 and pSer20PAK2 proteins were dramatically associated with unfavorable clinicopathologic variables including higher tumor depth (P = 0.022 and 0.036, respectively), greater extent of lymph node metastasis ((P = 0.022 and 0.036, respectively), positive distant metastasis (P = 0.025 and 0.038, respectively) and advanced tumor stage (P = 0.018 and 0.031, respectively). Moreover, the patients overexpressing PAK2 and pSer20PAK2 proteins have poor overall survival rates relative to those without overexpression of these proteins. Furthermore, cox multi-factor analysis showed that PAK2 (p = 0.012) and pSer20PAK2 (p = 0.010) were independent prognosis factors for human gastric cancer. Conclusion Our data suggest for the first time that PAK2 activation may be associated with advanced tumor progression and poor prognosis of gastric cancer. Virtual slides The virtual slides for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1236344107120406.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rui Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 6 Beijing Road West, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300, P, R, China.
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