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Liang J, Li L, Li L, Zhou X, Zhang Z, Huang Y, Xiao X. Lipid metabolism reprogramming in head and neck cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1271505. [PMID: 37927468 PMCID: PMC10622980 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1271505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolism reprogramming is one of the most prominent metabolic anomalies in cancer, wherein cancer cells undergo dysregulation of lipid metabolism to acquire adequate energy, cell membrane building blocks, as well as signaling molecules essential for cell proliferation, survival, invasion, and metastasis. These adaptations enable cancer cells to effectively respond to challenges posed by the tumor microenvironment, leading to cancer therapy resistance and poor cancer prognosis. Head and neck cancer, ranking as the seventh most prevalent cancer, exhibits numerous abnormalities in lipid metabolism. Nevertheless, the precise role of lipid metabolic rewiring in head and neck cancer remains unclear. In line with the LIPID MAPS Lipid Classification System and cancer risk factors, the present review delves into the dysregulated molecules and pathways participating in the process of lipid uptake, biosynthesis, transportation, and catabolism. We also present an overview of the latest advancements in understanding alterations in lipid metabolism and how they intersect with the carcinogenesis, development, treatment, and prognosis of head and neck cancer. By shedding light on the significance of metabolic therapy, we aspire to improve the overall prognosis and treatment outcomes of head and neck cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Liang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Limei Li
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College & Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High-Frequency Tumor, Guangxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High-Frequency Tumor, Guangxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xue Xiao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
- Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High-Frequency Tumor, Guangxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, Nanning, China
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2
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Talapatra J, Reddy MM. Lipid Metabolic Reprogramming in Embryonal Neoplasms with MYCN Amplification. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15072144. [PMID: 37046804 PMCID: PMC10093342 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15072144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells reprogram their metabolism, including glucose, glutamine, nucleotide, lipid, and amino acids to meet their enhanced energy demands, redox balance, and requirement of biosynthetic substrates for uncontrolled cell proliferation. Altered lipid metabolism in cancer provides lipids for rapid membrane biogenesis, generates the energy required for unrestricted cell proliferation, and some of the lipids act as signaling pathway mediators. In this review, we focus on the role of lipid metabolism in embryonal neoplasms with MYCN dysregulation. We specifically review lipid metabolic reactions in neuroblastoma, retinoblastoma, medulloblastoma, Wilms tumor, and rhabdomyosarcoma and the possibility of targeting lipid metabolism. Additionally, the regulation of lipid metabolism by the MYCN oncogene is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyotirmayee Talapatra
- The Operation Eyesight Universal Institute for Eye Cancer, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Bhubaneswar 751024, India
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT Deemed to Be University, Bhubaneswar 751024, India
| | - Mamatha M Reddy
- The Operation Eyesight Universal Institute for Eye Cancer, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Bhubaneswar 751024, India
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT Deemed to Be University, Bhubaneswar 751024, India
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3
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Zhang C, Zhu N, Li H, Gong Y, Gu J, Shi Y, Liao D, Wang W, Dai A, Qin L. New dawn for cancer cell death: Emerging role of lipid metabolism. Mol Metab 2022; 63:101529. [PMID: 35714911 PMCID: PMC9237930 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistance to cell death, a protective mechanism for removing damaged cells, is a "Hallmark of Cancer" that is essential for cancer progression. Increasing attention to cancer lipid metabolism has revealed a number of pathways that induce cancer cell death. SCOPE OF REVIEW We summarize emerging concepts regarding lipid metabolic reprogramming in cancer that is mainly involved in lipid uptake and trafficking, de novo synthesis and esterification, fatty acid synthesis and oxidation, lipogenesis, and lipolysis. During carcinogenesis and progression, continuous metabolic adaptations are co-opted by cancer cells, to maximize their fitness to the ever-changing environmental. Lipid metabolism and the epigenetic modifying enzymes interact in a bidirectional manner which involves regulating cancer cell death. Moreover, lipids in the tumor microenvironment play unique roles beyond metabolic requirements that promote cancer progression. Finally, we posit potential therapeutic strategies targeting lipid metabolism to improve treatment efficacy and survival of cancer patient. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS The profound comprehension of past findings, current trends, and future research directions on resistance to cancer cell death will facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies targeting the lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanjuan Zhang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation with Chinese Medicine and Its Application, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, PR China; TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Materia Medica Research Institute, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, PR China
| | - Neng Zhu
- The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410021, PR China
| | - Hongfang Li
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation with Chinese Medicine and Its Application, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, PR China
| | - Yongzhen Gong
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation with Chinese Medicine and Its Application, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, PR China
| | - Jia Gu
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation with Chinese Medicine and Its Application, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, PR China
| | - Yaning Shi
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation with Chinese Medicine and Its Application, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, PR China
| | - Duanfang Liao
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation with Chinese Medicine and Its Application, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, PR China
| | - Wei Wang
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, Innovative Materia Medica Research Institute, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, PR China.
| | - Aiguo Dai
- Institutional Key Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Translational Medicine in Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, PR China.
| | - Li Qin
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Regulation with Chinese Medicine and Its Application, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, PR China; Institutional Key Laboratory of Vascular Biology and Translational Medicine in Hunan Province, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, PR China; Hunan Province Engineering Research Center of Bioactive Substance Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, PR China.
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4
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Wang FS, Wang TY, Wu WH. Fuzzy multiobjective hierarchical optimization with application to identify antienzymes of colon cancer cells. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2021.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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5
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Ding Y, Fan J, Fan Z, Zhang K. γ-Tocotrienol reverses multidrug resistance of breast cancer cells through the regulation of the γ-Tocotrienol-NF-κB-P-gp axis. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 209:105835. [PMID: 33556581 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2021.105835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The problem of multidrug resistance (MDR) presents a major obstacle in the chemotherapy of cancer. The MDR phenotype is often linked to the overexpression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, that pumps out and decreased intracellular drug accumulation. γ-Tocotrienol, an unsaturated tocopherol belonging to the vitamin E family, has been shown to reverse the MDR of MCF-7/Adr cell. To reveal the role of γ-tocotrienol-NF-κB-P-gp axis in the reversal process, the expression level of mdr1/P-gp was determined by real-time PCR and western blot, while NF-κB activity was detected by immunofluorescence and NF-κB transcriptional activity reporter assay. Besides, mdr1 promoter activity and P-gp transport capacity were measured with the effect of γ-tocotrienol and NF-κB agonist/antagonist. Results showed that γ-tocotrienol effectively inhibited the expression levels of mdr1 mRNA and P-gp protein. It is demonstrated that γ-tocotrienol also suppressed mdr1 promoter activity and the efflux activity of P-gp. In addition, the activation of NF-κB signaling pathway and the transcriptional activity of NF-κB were both reduced by γ-tocotrienol. Evidences also showed that the NF-κB pathway is really involved in the regulation of the expression and function of mdr1/P-gp. Taken together, we confirmed that γ-tocotrienol reversed the MDR of MCF-7/Adr through the signaling pathway of NF-κB and P-gp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuedi Ding
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214063, China; Department of Radiopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
| | - Jun Fan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214063, China
| | - Zhenqiang Fan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214063, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214063, China; Department of Radiopharmaceuticals, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
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6
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Huang J, Zhao X, Li X, Peng J, Yang W, Mi S. HMGCR inhibition stabilizes the glycolytic enzyme PKM2 to support the growth of renal cell carcinoma. PLoS Biol 2021; 19:e3001197. [PMID: 33905408 PMCID: PMC8104400 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is responsible for most cases of the kidney cancer. Previous research showed that low serum levels of cholesterol level positively correlate with poorer RCC-specific survival outcomes. However, the underlying mechanisms and functional significance of the role of cholesterol in the development of RCC remain obscure. 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) plays a pivotal role in RCC development as it is the key rate-limiting enzyme of the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway. In this study, we demonstrated that the inhibition of HMGCR could accelerate the development of RCC tumors by lactate accumulation and angiogenesis in animal models. We identified that the inhibition of HMGCR led to an increase in glycolysis via the regulated HSP90 expression levels, thus maintaining the levels of a glycolysis rate-limiting enzyme, pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2). Based on these findings, we reversed the HMGCR inhibition-induced tumor growth acceleration in RCC xenograft mice by suppressing glycolysis. Furthermore, the coadministration of Shikonin, a potent PKM2 inhibitor, reverted the tumor development induced by the HMGCR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Huang
- Bio-manufacturing Engineering Laboratory, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhao
- Bio-manufacturing Engineering Laboratory, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Bio-manufacturing Engineering Laboratory, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiwei Peng
- Bio-manufacturing Engineering Laboratory, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Weihao Yang
- Bio-manufacturing Engineering Laboratory, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shengli Mi
- Bio-manufacturing Engineering Laboratory, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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7
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Yarla NS, Madka V, Pathuri G, Rao CV. Molecular Targets in Precision Chemoprevention of Colorectal Cancer: An Update from Pre-Clinical to Clinical Trials. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249609. [PMID: 33348563 PMCID: PMC7765969 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer deaths worldwide. The initiation and progression of CRC is a multi-step process that proceeds via precursor lesions to carcinoma, with each stage characterized by its distinct molecular and tissue microenvironment changes. Precursor lesions of CRC, aberrant crypt foci, and adenoma exhibit drastic changes in genetic, transcriptomic, and proteomic profiles compared to normal tissue. The identification of these changes is essential and provides further validation as an initiator or promoter of CRC and, more so, as lesion-specific druggable molecular targets for the precision chemoprevention of CRC. Mutated/dysregulated signaling (adenomatous polyposis coli, β-catenin, epidermal growth factor receptor, V-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS), tumor protein53, Akt, etc.), inflammatory (cyclooxygenase-2, microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and other pro-inflammatory mediators), and metabolic/growth factor (fatty acid synthase, β-Hydroxy β-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase, and ornithine decarboxylase) related targets are some of the well-characterized molecular targets in the precision chemoprevention of CRC. In this review, we discuss precursor-lesion specific targets of CRC and the current status of pre-clinical studies regarding clinical interventions and combinations for better efficacy and safety toward future precision clinical chemoprevention. In addition, we provide a brief discussion on the usefulness of secondary precision chemopreventive targets for tertiary precision chemoprevention to improve the disease-free and overall survival of advanced stage CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagendra S. Yarla
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (N.S.Y.); (V.M.); (G.P.)
| | - Venkateshwar Madka
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (N.S.Y.); (V.M.); (G.P.)
| | - Gopal Pathuri
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (N.S.Y.); (V.M.); (G.P.)
| | - Chinthalapally V. Rao
- Center for Cancer Prevention and Drug Development, Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (N.S.Y.); (V.M.); (G.P.)
- VA Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-405-271-3224; Fax: +1-405-271-3225
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8
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Fernández LP, Gómez de Cedrón M, Ramírez de Molina A. Alterations of Lipid Metabolism in Cancer: Implications in Prognosis and Treatment. Front Oncol 2020; 10:577420. [PMID: 33194695 PMCID: PMC7655926 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.577420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains the second leading cause of mortality worldwide. In the course of this multistage and multifactorial disease, a set of alterations takes place, with genetic and environmental factors modulating tumorigenesis and disease progression. Metabolic alterations of tumors are well-recognized and are considered as one of the hallmarks of cancer. Cancer cells adapt their metabolic competences in order to efficiently supply their novel demands of energy to sustain cell proliferation and metastasis. At present, there is a growing interest in understanding the metabolic switch that occurs during tumorigenesis. Together with the Warburg effect and the increased glutaminolysis, lipid metabolism has emerged as essential for tumor development and progression. Indeed, several investigations have demonstrated the consequences of lipid metabolism alterations in cell migration, invasion, and angiogenesis, three basic steps occurring during metastasis. In addition, obesity and associated metabolic alterations have been shown to augment the risk of cancer and to worsen its prognosis. Consequently, an extensive collection of tumorigenic steps has been shown to be modulated by lipid metabolism, not only affecting the growth of primary tumors, but also mediating progression and metastasis. Besides, key enzymes involved in lipid-metabolic pathways have been associated with cancer survival and have been proposed as prognosis biomarkers of cancer. In this review, we will analyze the impact of obesity and related tumor microenviroment alterations as modifiable risk factors in cancer, focusing on the lipid alterations co-occurring during tumorigenesis. The value of precision technologies and its application to target lipid metabolism in cancer will also be discussed. The degree to which lipid alterations, together with current therapies and intake of specific dietary components, affect risk of cancer is now under investigation, and innovative therapeutic or preventive applications must be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara P Fernández
- Precision Nutrition and Cancer Program, Molecular Oncology Group, IMDEA Food Institute, Campus of International Excellence (CEI) University Autonomous of Madrid (UAM) + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Gómez de Cedrón
- Precision Nutrition and Cancer Program, Molecular Oncology Group, IMDEA Food Institute, Campus of International Excellence (CEI) University Autonomous of Madrid (UAM) + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Ramírez de Molina
- Precision Nutrition and Cancer Program, Molecular Oncology Group, IMDEA Food Institute, Campus of International Excellence (CEI) University Autonomous of Madrid (UAM) + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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9
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Role of cholesterol metabolism in the anticancer pharmacology of selective estrogen receptor modulators. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 73:101-115. [PMID: 32931953 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) are a class of compounds that bind to estrogen receptors (ERs) and possess estrogen agonist or antagonist actions in different tissues. As such, they are widely used drugs. For instance, tamoxifen, the most prescribed SERM, is used to treat ERα-positive breast cancer. Aside from their therapeutic targets, SERMs have the capacity to broadly affect cellular cholesterol metabolism and handling, mainly through ER-independent mechanisms. Cholesterol metabolism reprogramming is crucial to meet the needs of cancer cells, and different key processes involved in cholesterol homeostasis have been associated with cancer progression. Therefore, the effects of SERMs on cholesterol homeostasis may be relevant to carcinogenesis, either by contributing to the anticancer efficacy of these compounds or, conversely, by promoting resistance to treatment. Understanding these aspects of SERMs actions could help to design more efficacious therapies. Herein we review the effects of SERMs on cellular cholesterol metabolism and handling and discuss their potential in anticancer pharmacology.
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10
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Cholesterol and beyond - The role of the mevalonate pathway in cancer biology. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1873:188351. [PMID: 32007596 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a multifaceted global disease. Transformation of a normal to a malignant cell takes several steps, including somatic mutations, epigenetic alterations, metabolic reprogramming and loss of cell growth control. Recently, the mevalonate pathway has emerged as a crucial regulator of tumor biology and a potential therapeutic target. This pathway controls cholesterol production and posttranslational modifications of Rho-GTPases, both of which are linked to several key steps of tumor progression. Inhibitors of the mevalonate pathway induce pleiotropic antitumor-effects in several human malignancies, identifying the pathway as an attractive candidate for novel therapies. In this review, we will provide an overview about the role and regulation of the mevalonate pathway in certain aspects of cancer initiation and progression and its potential for therapeutic intervention in oncology.
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11
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Yang J, Wang L, Jia R. Role of de novo cholesterol synthesis enzymes in cancer. J Cancer 2020; 11:1761-1767. [PMID: 32194787 PMCID: PMC7052851 DOI: 10.7150/jca.38598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive research in the cancer field, cancer remains one of the most prevalent diseases. There is an urgent need to identify specific targets that are safe and effective for the treatment of cancer. In recent years, cancer metabolism has come into the spotlight in cancer research. Lipid metabolism, especially cholesterol metabolism, plays a critical role in membrane synthesis as well as lipid signaling in cancer. This review focuses on the contribution of the de novo cholesterol synthesis pathway to tumorigenesis, cancer progression and metastasis. In conclusion, cholesterol metabolism could be an effective target for novel anticancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Renbing Jia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
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12
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Sharma B, Gupta V, Dahiya D, Kumar H, Vaiphei K, Agnihotri N. Clinical relevance of cholesterol homeostasis genes in colorectal cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019; 1864:1314-1327. [PMID: 31202724 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation of cholesterol is a well-known feature in cancer. Preclinical studies suggest the contribution of various cholesterol regulators in CRC. However, their clinical relevance remains poorly understood. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the expression of these modulators in CRC and elucidate their diagnostic and prognostic value. mRNA levels of HMGCR, SREBF2, NR1H3 and NR1H2 were downregulated in tumors in local and TCGA cohort. The expression of LDLR, ABCA1 and SCARB1 was not consistent in the two cohorts. Western Blot analysis showed the increased levels of LDLR and reduced levels of LXR in early stage patients. Tumoral SREBP2 levels were enhanced in early stage whereas decreased in late stage. The individual expression of HMGCR, SREBF2, NR1H3 and NR1H2 did not have the potential to be used as independent prognostic marker, however, the combined expression of these genes associated with poor clinical outcome independent of lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis and advanced stage. This work sheds light on deregulation of cholesterol uptake and efflux pathways and provides novel leads in the development of biomarkers and therapeutic regimens that can detect and target CRC at initial stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhoomika Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Sector-25, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Vikas Gupta
- Department of General Surgery, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER),Sector 12, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Divya Dahiya
- Department of General Surgery, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER),Sector 12, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Hemanth Kumar
- Department of General Surgery, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER),Sector 12, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Kim Vaiphei
- Department of Histopathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research (PGIMER), Sector 12, Chandigarh 160012, India.
| | - Navneet Agnihotri
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Sector-25, Chandigarh 160014, India.
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13
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Rye MB, Bertilsson H, Andersen MK, Rise K, Bathen TF, Drabløs F, Tessem MB. Cholesterol synthesis pathway genes in prostate cancer are transcriptionally downregulated when tissue confounding is minimized. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:478. [PMID: 29703166 PMCID: PMC5922022 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4373-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between cholesterol and prostate cancer has been extensively studied for decades, where high levels of cellular cholesterol are generally associated with cancer progression and less favorable outcomes. However, the role of in vivo cellular cholesterol synthesis in this process is unclear, and data on the transcriptional activity of cholesterol synthesis pathway genes in tissue from prostate cancer patients are inconsistent. METHODS A common problem with cancer tissue data from patient cohorts is the presence of heterogeneous tissue which confounds molecular analysis of the samples. In this study we present a general method to minimize systematic confounding from stroma tissue in any prostate cancer cohort comparing prostate cancer and normal samples. In particular we use samples assessed by histopathology to identify genes enriched and depleted in prostate stroma. These genes are then used to assess stroma content in tissue samples from other prostate cancer cohorts where no histopathology is available. Differential expression analysis is performed by comparing cancer and normal samples where the average stroma content has been balanced between the sample groups. In total we analyzed seven patient cohorts with prostate cancer consisting of 1713 prostate cancer and 230 normal tissue samples. RESULTS When stroma confounding was minimized, differential gene expression analysis over all cohorts showed robust and consistent downregulation of nearly all genes in the cholesterol synthesis pathway. Additional Gene Ontology analysis also identified cholesterol synthesis as the most significantly altered metabolic pathway in prostate cancer at the transcriptional level. CONCLUSION The surprising observation that cholesterol synthesis genes are downregulated in prostate cancer is important for our understanding of how prostate cancer cells regulate cholesterol levels in vivo. Moreover, we show that tissue heterogeneity explains the lack of consistency in previous expression analysis of cholesterol synthesis genes in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Beck Rye
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 8905, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
- Clinic of Surgery, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, 7030 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Helena Bertilsson
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 8905, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Urology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, 7030 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Maria K. Andersen
- MI Lab, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kjersti Rise
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 8905, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tone F. Bathen
- MI Lab, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Finn Drabløs
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 8905, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - May-Britt Tessem
- Clinic of Surgery, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, 7030 Trondheim, Norway
- MI Lab, Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
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Ashida S, Kawada C, Inoue K. Stromal regulation of prostate cancer cell growth by mevalonate pathway enzymes HMGCS1 and HMGCR. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:6533-6542. [PMID: 29163687 PMCID: PMC5686443 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been suggested that the tumor microenvironment plays an important role in tumor progression, acquisition of androgen independence, and distant metastasis in prostate cancer (PC). However, little is known about the transcriptional basis of cellular interactions in the human PC microenvironment. To clarify the mechanism of PC progression and metastasis, we investigated the interaction of PC, epithelial, and stromal cells using genome-wide gene expression profiling. We hypothesized that PC cells could induce stromal cells to differentiate into so-called cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), which might contribute to cancer invasion and metastasis. Genes upregulated in normal human prostate stromal cells (PrSC) co-cultured with human PC cells (LNCaP) included the mevalonate pathway enzymes 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 1 (HMGCS1) and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR). Knockdown of endogenous HMGCS1 or HMGCR in PC cells by shRNA resulted in a significant reduction of PC cell viability. Importantly, exogenous overexpression of HMGCS1 or HMGCR in either PC cells or prostate stromal cells stimulated PC cell growth, suggesting a possible autocrine/paracrine mechanism of action. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed that HMGCS1 and HMGCR were overexpressed in PC stroma, especially in early stage PC. These results provide clues to the molecular mechanisms underlying PC invasion and metastasis, and suggest that HMGCS1 and HMGCR in PC, as well as in PC stroma, might serve as molecular targets for the treatment of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Ashida
- Department of Urology, Kochi Medical School, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8505, Japan
| | - Chiaki Kawada
- Department of Urology, Kochi Medical School, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8505, Japan
| | - Keiji Inoue
- Department of Urology, Kochi Medical School, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8505, Japan
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Dietary geranylgeraniol can limit the activity of pitavastatin as a potential treatment for drug-resistant ovarian cancer. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5410. [PMID: 28710496 PMCID: PMC5511264 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05595-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-clinical and retrospective studies of patients using statins to reduce plasma cholesterol have suggested that statins may be useful to treat cancer. However, prospective clinical trials have yet to demonstrate significant efficacy. We have previously shown that this is in part because a hydrophobic statin with a long half-life is necessary. Pitavastatin, the only statin with this profile, has not undergone clinical evaluation in oncology. The target of pitavastatin, hydroxymethylglutarate coenzyme-A reductase (HMGCR), was found to be over-expressed in all ovarian cancer cell lines examined and upregulated by mutated TP53, a gene commonly altered in ovarian cancer. Pitavastatin-induced apoptosis was blocked by geranylgeraniol and mevalonate, products of the HMGCR pathway, confirming that pitavastatin causes cell death through inhibition of HMGCR. Solvent extracts of human and mouse food were also able to block pitavastatin-induced apoptosis, suggesting diet might influence the outcome of clinical trials. When nude mice were maintained on a diet lacking geranylgeraniol, oral pitavastatin caused regression of Ovcar-4 tumour xenografts. However, when the animal diet was supplemented with geranylgeraniol, pitavastatin failed to prevent tumour growth. This suggests that a diet containing geranylgeraniol can limit the anti-tumour activity of pitavastatin and diet should be controlled in clinical trials of statins.
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Gray RT, Loughrey MB, Bankhead P, Cardwell CR, McQuaid S, O'Neill RF, Arthur K, Bingham V, McGready C, Gavin AT, James JA, Hamilton PW, Salto-Tellez M, Murray LJ, Coleman HG. Statin use, candidate mevalonate pathway biomarkers, and colon cancer survival in a population-based cohort study. Br J Cancer 2017; 116:1652-1659. [PMID: 28524155 PMCID: PMC5518863 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Statin use after colorectal cancer diagnosis may improve survival but evidence from observational studies is conflicting. The anti-cancer effect of statins may be restricted to certain molecular subgroups. In this population-based cohort study, the interaction between p53 and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme-A reductase (HMGCR) expression, KRAS mutations, and the association between statin use and colon cancer survival was assessed. METHODS The cohort consisted of 740 stage II and III colon cancer patients diagnosed between 2004 and 2008. Statin use was determined through clinical note review. Tissue blocks were retrieved to determine immunohistochemical expression of p53 and HMGCR in tissue microarrays and the presence of KRAS mutations in extracted DNA. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for colorectal cancer-specific and overall survival. RESULTS Statin use was not associated with improved cancer-specific survival in this cohort (HR=0.91, 95% CI 0.64-1.28). Statin use was also not associated with improved survival when the analyses were stratified by tumour p53 (wild-type HR=1.31, 95% CI 0.67-2.56 vs aberrant HR=0.80, 95% CI 0.52-1.24), HMGCR (HMGCR-high HR=0.69, 95% CI 0.40-1.18 vs HMGCR-low HR=1.10, 95% CI 0.66-1.84), and KRAS (wild-type HR=0.73, 95% CI 0.44-1.19 vs mutant HR=1.21, 95% CI 0.70-2.21) status. CONCLUSIONS Statin use was not associated with improved survival either independently or when stratified by potential mevalonate pathway biomarkers in this population-based cohort of colon cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronan T Gray
- Cancer Epidemiology and Health Services Research Group, Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Maurice B Loughrey
- Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
- Department of Tissue Pathology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Peter Bankhead
- Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Chris R Cardwell
- Cancer Epidemiology and Health Services Research Group, Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Stephen McQuaid
- Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
- Northern Ireland Biobank, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Roisin F O'Neill
- Cancer Epidemiology and Health Services Research Group, Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Kenneth Arthur
- Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Victoria Bingham
- Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Claire McGready
- Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Anna T Gavin
- Northern Ireland Cancer Registry, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Jacqueline A James
- Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
- Department of Tissue Pathology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
- Northern Ireland Biobank, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Peter W Hamilton
- Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Manuel Salto-Tellez
- Northern Ireland Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
- Department of Tissue Pathology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Liam J Murray
- Cancer Epidemiology and Health Services Research Group, Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Helen G Coleman
- Cancer Epidemiology and Health Services Research Group, Centre for Public Health, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
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Ding Y, Peng Y, Deng L, Fan J, Huang B. Gamma-tocotrienol reverses multidrug resistance of breast cancer cells with a mechanism distinct from that of atorvastatin. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 167:67-77. [PMID: 27864002 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In addition to its antioxidant properties, γ-tocotrienol also has the ability to inhibit HMG-CoA reductase, which is the key enzyme in the mevalonate pathway for cholesterol biosynthesis. Statins, the competitive inhibitors of HMG-CoA reductase, display potent anticancer activity and reversal ability of multidrug resistance in a variety of tumor cells, which is believed to be due to their inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase. Here, we determined the role of the mevalonate pathway in γ-tocotrienol-mediated reversal of multidrug resistance in cancer cells. We found both γ-tocotrienol and atorvastatin effectively reversed multidrug resistance of MCF-7/Adr and markedly inhibited the intracellular levels of FPP and GGPP. Exogenous addition of mevalonate or FPP and GGPP almost completely prevented the reversal ability of atorvastatin but only partly attenuated the reversal effect of γ-tocotrienol on doxorubicin resistance. In addition, γ-tocotrienol actively inhibited the expression of P-gp and increased the accumulation of doxorubicin in cells, which led to the enhanced G2/M arrest and cell apoptosis. Taken together, γ-tocotrienol reversed the multidrug resistance of MCF-7/Adr with a mechanism distinct from that of atorvastatin. Instead of the mevalonate pathway, the inhibition of P-gp expression is a potential mechanism by which γ-tocotrienol reverses multidrug resistance in MCF-7/Adr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuedi Ding
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214063, China.
| | - Ying Peng
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214063, China
| | - Lili Deng
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214063, China
| | - Jun Fan
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214063, China
| | - Biao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214063, China.
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18
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Gray RT, Coleman HG, Hughes C, Murray LJ, Cardwell CR. Statin use and survival in colorectal cancer: Results from a population-based cohort study and an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Epidemiol 2016; 45:71-81. [PMID: 27750068 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the association between statin use and survival in a population-based colorectal cancer (CRC) cohort and perform an updated meta-analysis to quantify the magnitude of any association. METHODS A cohort of 8391 patients with newly diagnosed Dukes' A-C CRC (2009-2012) was identified from the Scottish Cancer Registry. This cohort was linked to the Prescribing Information System and the National Records of Scotland Death Records (until January 2015) to identify 1064 colorectal cancer-specific deaths. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for cancer-specific mortality by statin use were calculated using time dependent Cox regression models. The systematic review included relevant studies published before January 2016. Meta-analysis techniques were used to derive combined HRs for associations between statin use and cancer-specific and overall mortality. RESULTS In the Scottish cohort, statin use before diagnosis (HR=0.84, 95% CI 0.75-0.94), but not after (HR=0.90, 95% CI 0.77-1.05), was associated with significantly improved cancer-specific mortality. The systematic review identified 15 relevant studies. In the meta-analysis, there was consistent (I2=0%,heterogeneity P=0.57) evidence of a reduction in cancer-specific mortality with statin use before diagnosis in 6 studies (n=86,622, pooled HR=0.82, 95% CI 0.79-0.86) but this association was less apparent and more heterogeneous (I2=67%,heterogeneity P=0.03) with statin use after diagnosis in 4 studies (n=19,152, pooled HR=0.84, 95% CI 0.68-1.04). CONCLUSION In a Scottish CRC cohort and updated meta-analysis there was some evidence that statin use was associated with improved survival. However, these associations were weak in magnitude and, particularly for post-diagnosis use, varied markedly between studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronan T Gray
- Cancer Epidemiology and Health Services Research Group, Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast BT12 6BA, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - Helen G Coleman
- Cancer Epidemiology and Health Services Research Group, Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast BT12 6BA, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Carmel Hughes
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Liam J Murray
- Cancer Epidemiology and Health Services Research Group, Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast BT12 6BA, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Chris R Cardwell
- Cancer Epidemiology and Health Services Research Group, Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast BT12 6BA, Northern Ireland, UK
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Cheng J, Zhang T, Ji H, Tao K, Guo J, Wei W. Functional characterization of AMP-activated protein kinase signaling in tumorigenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2016; 1866:232-251. [PMID: 27681874 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a ubiquitously expressed metabolic sensor among various species. Specifically, cellular AMPK is phosphorylated and activated under certain stressful conditions, such as energy deprivation, in turn to activate diversified downstream substrates to modulate the adaptive changes and maintain metabolic homeostasis. Recently, emerging evidences have implicated the potential roles of AMPK signaling in tumor initiation and progression. Nevertheless, a comprehensive description on such topic is still in scarcity, especially in combination of its biochemical features with mouse modeling results to elucidate the physiological role of AMPK signaling in tumorigenesis. Hence, we performed this thorough review by summarizing the tumorigenic role of each component along the AMPK signaling, comprising of both its upstream and downstream effectors. Moreover, their functional interplay with the AMPK heterotrimer and exclusive efficacies in carcinogenesis were chiefly explained among genetically altered mice models. Importantly, the pharmaceutical investigations of AMPK relevant medications have also been highlighted. In summary, in this review, we not only elucidate the potential functions of AMPK signaling pathway in governing tumorigenesis, but also potentiate the future targeted strategy aiming for better treatment of aberrant metabolism-associated diseases, including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Cheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, People's Republic of China; Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Hongbin Ji
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 200031, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaixiong Tao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianping Guo
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Wenyi Wei
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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20
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Differentiation and apoptosis induction by lovastatin and γ-tocotrienol in HL-60 cells via Ras/ERK/NF-κB and Ras/Akt/NF-κB signaling dependent down-regulation of glyoxalase 1 and HMG-CoA reductase. Cell Signal 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2015.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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21
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Kobayashi Y, Kashima H, Wu RC, Jung JG, Kuan JC, Gu J, Xuan J, Sokoll L, Visvanathan K, Shih IM, Wang TL. Mevalonate Pathway Antagonist Suppresses Formation of Serous Tubal Intraepithelial Carcinoma and Ovarian Carcinoma in Mouse Models. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 21:4652-62. [PMID: 26109099 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-3368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Statins are among the most frequently prescribed drugs because of their efficacy and low toxicity in treating hypercholesterolemia. Recently, statins have been reported to inhibit the proliferative activity of cancer cells, especially those with TP53 mutations. Because TP53 mutations occur in almost all ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC), we determined whether statins suppressed tumor growth in animal models of ovarian cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Two ovarian cancer mouse models were used. The first one was a genetically engineered model, mogp-TAg, in which the promoter of oviduct glycoprotein-1 was used to drive the expression of SV40 T-antigen in gynecologic tissues. These mice spontaneously developed serous tubal intraepithelial carcinomas (STICs), which are known as ovarian cancer precursor lesions. The second model was a xenograft tumor model in which human ovarian cancer cells were inoculated into immunocompromised mice. Mice in both models were treated with lovastatin, and effects on tumor growth were monitored. The molecular mechanisms underlying the antitumor effects of lovastatin were also investigated. RESULTS Lovastatin significantly reduced the development of STICs in mogp-TAg mice and inhibited ovarian tumor growth in the mouse xenograft model. Knockdown of prenylation enzymes in the mevalonate pathway recapitulated the lovastatin-induced antiproliferative phenotype. Transcriptome analysis indicated that lovastatin affected the expression of genes associated with DNA replication, Rho/PLC signaling, glycolysis, and cholesterol biosynthesis pathways, suggesting that statins have pleiotropic effects on tumor cells. CONCLUSIONS The above results suggest that repurposing statin drugs for ovarian cancer may provide a promising strategy to prevent and manage this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kobayashi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland. The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Kashima
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland. The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ren-Chin Wu
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland. The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland. Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Gyoung Jung
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland. The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jen-Chun Kuan
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland. The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jinghua Gu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Jianhua Xuan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Lori Sokoll
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland. The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kala Visvanathan
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland. Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ie-Ming Shih
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland. The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland. Department of Gynecology/Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Tian-Li Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland. The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland. Department of Gynecology/Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
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22
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Gustbée E, Tryggvadottir H, Markkula A, Simonsson M, Nodin B, Jirström K, Rose C, Ingvar C, Borgquist S, Jernström H. Tumor-specific expression of HMG-CoA reductase in a population-based cohort of breast cancer patients. BMC Clin Pathol 2015; 15:8. [PMID: 26109908 PMCID: PMC4479235 DOI: 10.1186/s12907-015-0008-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The mevalonate pathway synthetizes cholesterol, steroid hormones, and non-steriod isoprenoids necessary for cell survival. 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) is the rate-limiting enzyme of the mevalonate pathway and the target for statin treatment. HMGCR expression in breast tumors has recently been proposed to hold prognostic and treatment-predictive information. This study aimed to investigate whether HMGCR expression in breast cancer patients was associated with patient and tumor characteristics and disease-free survival (DFS). Methods A population-based cohort of primary breast cancer patients in Lund, Sweden was assembled between October 2002 and June 2012 enrolling 1,116 patients. Tumor tissue microarrays were constructed and stained with a polyclonal HMGCR antibody (Cat. No HPA008338, Atlas Antibodies AB, Stockholm, Sweden, diluted 1:100) to assess the HMGCR expression in tumor tissue from 885 patients. HMGCR expression was analyzed in relation to patient- and tumor characteristics and disease-free survival (DFS) with last follow-up June 30th 2014. Results Moderate/strong HMGCR expression was associated with less axillary lymph node involvement, lower histological grade, estrogen and progesterone receptor positivity, HER2 negativity, and older patient age at diagnosis compared to weak or no HMGCR expression. Patients were followed for up to 11 years. The median follow-up time was 5.0 years for the 739 patients who were alive and still at risk at the last follow-up. HMGCR expression was not associated with DFS. Conclusion In this study, HMGCR expression was associated with less aggressive tumor characteristics. However, no association between HMGCR expression and DFS was observed. Longer follow-up may be needed to evaluate HMGCR as prognostic or predictive marker in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Gustbée
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Lund University, Barngatan 2B, SE 22185 Lund, Sweden
| | - Helga Tryggvadottir
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Lund University, Barngatan 2B, SE 22185 Lund, Sweden ; Department of Oncology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Andrea Markkula
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Lund University, Barngatan 2B, SE 22185 Lund, Sweden
| | - Maria Simonsson
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Lund University, Barngatan 2B, SE 22185 Lund, Sweden
| | - Björn Nodin
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Lund University, Barngatan 2B, SE 22185 Lund, Sweden
| | - Karin Jirström
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Lund University, Barngatan 2B, SE 22185 Lund, Sweden
| | - Carsten Rose
- CREATE Health and Department of Immunotechnology, Lund University, Medicon Village, Building 406, Lund, Sweden
| | - Christian Ingvar
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Surgery, Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden and Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Signe Borgquist
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Lund University, Barngatan 2B, SE 22185 Lund, Sweden ; Department of Oncology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Helena Jernström
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Lund University, Barngatan 2B, SE 22185 Lund, Sweden
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