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Fang D, Hu Y, Wang C, Tang C. Diagnostic value of urinary Tamm-Horsfall protein and 24 h urine osmolality for recurrent calcium oxalate stones of the upper urinary tract: Cross-sectional study. Open Med (Wars) 2023; 18:20230848. [PMID: 38025535 PMCID: PMC10656756 DOI: 10.1515/med-2023-0848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of urinary Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP) and 24 h urine osmolality for recurrent calcium oxalate (CaOx) stones. Clinical data of 120 patients with upper urinary tract stones admitted to our hospital between January 2020 and January 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were divided into recurrence (53 patients) and non-recurrence (67 patients) groups based on postoperative stone recurrence. Meanwhile, 50 healthy patients were selected as the control group. Urinary THP levels, 24 h urine osmolality, and biochemical indices were compared between the three groups; their diagnostic values for stone recurrence were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Urinary THP, 24 h urine osmolality, and biochemical indices were significantly higher in the recurrence group than in the non-recurrence and control groups (P < 0.05). The 24 h urine osmolality was positively correlated with urinary oxalic acid and calcium excretion. ROC curve analysis showed that optimal cutoff values of urinary THP and 24 h urine osmolality for the diagnosis of stone development were ≥27.01 mg/L and ≥577.69 mOsm/(kg H2O), respectively. Furthermore, these indices combined significantly improved the accuracy of diagnosis. Urinary THP and 24 h urine osmolality were higher in patients with recurrent CaOx stones. Detection of both parameters combined can accurately diagnose stone recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daocheng Fang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Shanghai, 201600, China
| | - Yuanyuan Hu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Shanghai, 201600, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Shanghai, 201600, China
| | - Chunhua Tang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Shanghai, 201600, China
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Noonin C, Peerapen P, Yoodee S, Kapincharanon C, Kanlaya R, Thongboonkerd V. Systematic analysis of modulating activities of native human urinary Tamm-Horsfall protein on calcium oxalate crystallization, growth, aggregation, crystal-cell adhesion and invasion through extracellular matrix. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 357:109879. [PMID: 35263610 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.109879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Functions of Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP), the most abundant human urinary protein, have been studied for decades. However, its precise roles in kidney stone formation remain controversial. In this study, we aimed to clarify the roles of native human urinary THP in calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) kidney stone formation. THP was purified from the human urine by adsorption method using diatomaceous earth (DE). Its effects on stone formation processes, including COM crystallization, crystal growth, aggregation, crystal-cell adhesion and invasion through extracellular matrix (ECM), were examined. SDS-PAGE and Western blotting confirmed that DE adsorption yielded 84.9% purity of the native THP isolated from the human urine. Systematic analyses revealed that THP (at 0.4-40 μg/ml) concentration-dependently reduced COM crystal size but did not affect the crystal mass during initial crystallization. At later steps, THP concentration-dependently inhibited COM crystal growth and aggregation, and prevented crystal-cell adhesion only at 40 μg/ml. However, THP did not affect crystal invasion through the ECM. Sequence analysis revealed two large calcium-binding domains (residues 65-107 and 108-149) and three small oxalate-binding domains (residues 199-207, 361-368 and 601-609) in human THP. Immunofluorescence study confirmed the binding of THP to COM crystals. Analyses for calcium-affinity and/or oxalate-affinity demonstrated that THP exerted a high affinity with only calcium, not oxalate. Functional validation revealed that saturation of THP with calcium, not with oxalate, could abolish the inhibitory effects of THP on COM crystal growth, aggregation and crystal-cell adhesion. These data highlight the inhibitory roles of the native human urinary THP in COM crystal growth, aggregation and crystal-cell adhesion, which are the important processes for kidney stone formation. Such inhibitory effects of THP are most likely mediated via its high affinity with calcium ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chadanat Noonin
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Paleerath Peerapen
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Sunisa Yoodee
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Chompunoot Kapincharanon
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Rattiyaporn Kanlaya
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Visith Thongboonkerd
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand.
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Sridharan B, Jagannathan V, Rajesh NG, Viswanathan P. Combined effect of polyacrylic acid and vitamin E in preventing calcium oxalate crystal deposition in the kidneys of experimental hyperoxaluric rats. Cell Biochem Funct 2022; 40:138-149. [PMID: 34981535 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Our study explores the combined effect of polyacrylic acid and vitamin E as prophylactic and curative agent against ethylene glycol (EG) induced calcium oxalate stone formation in Wistar rats. Male Wistar rats (54) were divided into nine groups, including control. The experimental groups were equally segregated into two for preventive study (4) and curative study (4). Urolithiasis was induced with 0.75% (v/v) EG in drinking water. Polyacrylic acid (10 mg/kg) and vitamin E (300 IU/day) were supplemented from day 1 for preventive and day 30 for curative studies. Restoration of urinary lithogenic factors (calcium, oxalate, phosphate, citrate and magnesium) and renal function (urea and creatinine in serum) by intervening agents were accomplished compared to urolithic rats (P < .001). Abnormal localization and increased expression of Tamm-Horsfall Protein, osteopontin and transferrin were observed in the kidneys of urolithic rats (P < .001) from immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting analysis. Polyacrylic acid and vitamin E supplementation have regulated the expression of the urinary macromolecules. Pro-inflammatory cytokines in kidney were significantly reduced (P < .001) by the intervening agents compared to urolithic rats. Therefore, polyacrylic acid and vitamin E in combination could be a potential formulation for better management of urolithiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badrinathan Sridharan
- Renal Research Lab, Centre for Biomedical Research, Department of Biosciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Venkataseshan Jagannathan
- Renal Research Lab, Centre for Biomedical Research, Department of Biosciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Nachiappa Ganesh Rajesh
- Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Pragasam Viswanathan
- Renal Research Lab, Centre for Biomedical Research, Department of Biosciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
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Sridharan B, Jagannathan V, Rajesh NG, Viswanathan P. Combined effect of polyacrylic acid and vitamin E in preventing calcium oxalate crystal deposition in the kidneys of experimental hyperoxaluric rats. Cell Biochem Funct 2022. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/cbf.3683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Badrinathan Sridharan
- Renal Research Lab, Centre for Biomedical Research, Department of Biosciences Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore India
- Department of Applied Chemistry Chaoyang University of Technology Taichung Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Venkataseshan Jagannathan
- Renal Research Lab, Centre for Biomedical Research, Department of Biosciences Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore India
| | - Nachiappa Ganesh Rajesh
- Department of Pathology Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER) Puducherry India
| | - Pragasam Viswanathan
- Renal Research Lab, Centre for Biomedical Research, Department of Biosciences Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore India
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Li M, Zhang H, Jiang D, Li L, Liu X, Zhao X, Ye D, Ni Y. Calculus-related functional protein expression in ureteral calculus-adhered polyp: A preliminary study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e26512. [PMID: 34160472 PMCID: PMC8238274 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000026512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
To explore the expressions of calculus-related functional proteins in the ureteral calculus-adhered polyp tissues and investigate the role of these proteins in the formation of adhesions between the calculus and polyp.Patients with ureteral calculi and polyps who underwent ureteroscopic lithotripsy for the excision of polyps between January 2019 and June 2019 were enrolled. Polyps obtained from each patient were divided into 2 groups using a matched pairs design: observation group (polyps adhered to calculus) and control group (polyps not adhered to calculus). Histopathological examination of polyps was performed using hematoxylin and eosin staining. Polyp tissues were immunohistochemically stained to assess the expressions of calculus-related functional proteins, that is, annexin A1, calcium-binding protein S100A9 (S100A9), uromodulin, and osteopontin. Furthermore, quantitative analysis was performed using the H-score of tissue staining; Pearson correlation analysis was performed for proteins with high expression.Overall, 40 polyp specimens were collected from 20 patients with ureteral calculi combined with polyps (observation group, 20 specimens; control group, 20 specimens). Hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed obvious epithelial cell proliferation in polyps of both groups; crystals were observed in the epithelial cells of the polyp tissue in the observation group. The expression levels of annexin A1 and S100A9 in the observation group were significantly greater than those in the control group (P < .05). However, no obvious expression of osteopontin or uromodulin was observed in the polyp tissues of both groups. There was a strong correlation between the increased expressions of annexin A1 and S100A9 in the observation group (R = 0.741, P = .022).We documented increased expressions of annexin A1 and S100A9 in the ureteral calculus-adhered polyp tissues. Annexin A1 and S100A9 may play an essential role in the adhesion of calculus and polyp and the growth of calculi.
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Mansour SG, Liu C, Jia Y, Reese PP, Hall IE, El-Achkar TM, LaFavers KA, Obeid W, El-Khoury JM, Rosenberg AZ, Daneshpajouhnejad P, Doshi MD, Akalin E, Bromberg JS, Harhay MN, Mohan S, Muthukumar T, Schröppel B, Singh P, Weng FL, Thiessen-Philbrook HR, Parikh CR. Uromodulin to Osteopontin Ratio in Deceased Donor Urine Is Associated With Kidney Graft Outcomes. Transplantation 2021; 105:876-885. [PMID: 32769629 PMCID: PMC8805736 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000003299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deceased-donor kidneys experience extensive injury, activating adaptive and maladaptive pathways therefore impacting graft function. We evaluated urinary donor uromodulin (UMOD) and osteopontin (OPN) in recipient graft outcomes. METHODS Primary outcomes: all-cause graft failure (GF) and death-censored GF (dcGF). Secondary outcomes: delayed graft function (DGF) and 6-month estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). We randomly divided our cohort of deceased donors and recipients into training and test datasets. We internally validated associations between donor urine UMOD and OPN at time of procurement, with our primary outcomes. The direction of association between biomarkers and GF contrasted. Subsequently, we evaluated UMOD:OPN ratio with all outcomes. To understand these mechanisms, we examined the effect of UMOD on expression of major histocompatibility complex II in mouse macrophages. RESULTS Doubling of UMOD increased dcGF risk (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02-1.2), whereas OPN decreased dcGF risk (aHR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.88-1). UMOD:OPN ratio ≤3 strengthened the association, with reduced dcGF risk (aHR, 0.57; 0.41-0.80) with similar associations for GF, and in the test dataset. A ratio ≤3 was also associated with lower DGF (aOR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.60-0.89) and higher 6-month eGFR (adjusted β coefficient, 3.19; 95% CI, 1.28-5.11). UMOD increased major histocompatibility complex II expression elucidating a possible mechanism behind UMOD's association with GF. CONCLUSIONS UMOD:OPN ratio ≤3 was protective, with lower risk of DGF, higher 6-month eGFR, and improved graft survival. This ratio may supplement existing strategies for evaluating kidney quality and allocation decisions regarding deceased-donor kidney transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherry G. Mansour
- Program of Applied Translational Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Caroline Liu
- Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yaqi Jia
- Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter P. Reese
- Department of Medicine, Renal-Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology & Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medical Ethics and Health Policy, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Isaac E. Hall
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Tarek M. El-Achkar
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine and the Indianapolis VA Medical Center
| | - Kaice A. LaFavers
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine and the Indianapolis VA Medical Center
| | - Wassim Obeid
- Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joe M. El-Khoury
- Program of Applied Translational Research, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Avi Z. Rosenberg
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Mona D. Doshi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Enver Akalin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan S. Bromberg
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Meera N. Harhay
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology & Hypertension, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Drexel University Dornsife School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sumit Mohan
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thangamani Muthukumar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Transplantation Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Pooja Singh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Francis L. Weng
- Saint Barnabas Medical Center, RWJBarnabas Health, Livingston, NJ, USA
| | | | - Chirag R. Parikh
- Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Panigrahi PN, Dey S, Sahoo M, Choudhary SS, Mahajan S. Alteration in Oxidative/nitrosative imbalance, histochemical expression of osteopontin and antiurolithiatic efficacy of Xanthium strumarium (L.) in ethylene glycol induced urolithiasis. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 84:1524-1532. [PMID: 27876212 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Xanthium strumarium has traditionally been used in the treatment of urolitiasis especially by the rural people in India, but its antiurolithiatic efficacy was not explored scientifically till now. Therefore, the present study was designed to validate the ethnic practice scientifically, and explore the possible antiurolithiatic effect to rationalize its medicinal use. Urolitiasis was induced in hyperoxaluric rat model by giving 0.75% ethylene glycol (EG) for 28days along with 1% ammonium chloride (AC) for first 14days. Antiurolithiatic effect of aqueous-ethanol extract of Xanthium strumarium bur (xanthium) was evaluated based on urine and serum biochemistry, oxidative/nitrosative stress indices, histopathology, kidney calcium and calcium oxalate content and immunohistochemical expression of matrix glycoprotein, osteopontin (OPN). Administration of EG and AC resulted in hyperoxaluria, crystalluria, hypocalciuria, polyurea, raised serum urea, creatinine, erythrocytic lipid peroxidise and nitric oxide, kidney calcium content as well as crystal deposition in kidney section in lithiatic group rats. However, xanthium treatment significantly restored the impairment in above kidney function test as that of standard treatment, cystone. The up-regulation of OPN was also significantly decreased after xanthium treatment. The present findings demonstrate the curative efficacy of xanthium in ethylene glycol induced urolithiasis, possibly mediated through inhibition of various pathways involved in renal calcium oxalate formation, antioxidant property and down regulation of matrix glycoprotein, OPN. Therefore, future studies may be established to evaluate its efficacy and safety for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padma Nibash Panigrahi
- Division of Medicine, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly Uttar Pradesh-243122, India; Division of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh-221005, India.
| | - Sahadeb Dey
- Division of Medicine, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly Uttar Pradesh-243122, India
| | - Monalisa Sahoo
- Division of Pathology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh-243122, India
| | - Shyam Sundar Choudhary
- Division of Medicine, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly Uttar Pradesh-243122, India
| | - Sumit Mahajan
- Division of Medicine, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly Uttar Pradesh-243122, India
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Sridharan B, Mehra Y, Ganesh RN, Viswanathan P. Regulation of urinary crystal inhibiting proteins and inflammatory genes by lemon peel extract and formulated citrus bioflavonoids on ethylene glycol induced urolithic rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 94:75-84. [PMID: 27241030 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to check the regulation of crystal matrix proteins and inflammatory mediators by citrus bioflavonoids (CB) and Lemon peel (LP) extract in hyperoxaluric rats. The animals were divided into six groups with 6 animals each. Group 1: Control, Group 2: Urolithic (Ethylene glycol (EG)-0.75%); Group 3 & 5: Preventive study (EG + CB (20 mg/kg body weight) and LP (100 mg/kg body weight) extract administration from 0th-7th week) respectively; Group 4 & 6: Curative study (EG + CB and LP extract administration from 4th-7th week) respectively by oral administration. Urinary lithogenic factors (Calcium, oxalate, phosphate and citrate) were normalized in CB & LP supplemented rats, while serum parameters revealed the nephroprotective nature of the intervening agents compared to urolithic rats (p < 0.001). Immunoblotting studies showed significantly increased expression of THP, osteopontin and transferrin in kidneys of urolithic rats (p < 0.001), while preventive and curative study showed near normal expression of these proteins. Expression of NF-κB, TNF-α and IL-6 were raised significantly (p < 0.001), while a very minimal increase in MCP-1 expression was observed in urolithic rats compared to control. Hence, supplementation of CB and LP reduced the crystal promoting factors and provides protection from crystal induced renal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badrinathan Sridharan
- Renal Research Lab, Biomedical Research Centre, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Yogita Mehra
- Renal Research Lab, Biomedical Research Centre, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajesh Nachiappa Ganesh
- Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Dhanvantri Nagar, Puducherry, India
| | - Pragasam Viswanathan
- Renal Research Lab, Biomedical Research Centre, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
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McDuffie JE, Chen Y, Ma JY, Lee S, Lynch KM, Hamlin DM, Nguyen L, Rizzolio M, Sonee M, Snook S. Cisplatin nephrotoxicity in male beagle dogs: next-generation protein kidney safety biomarker tissue expression and related changes in urine. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2016; 5:1202-1215. [PMID: 30090426 DOI: 10.1039/c5tx00497g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This 10-day (D) study was conducted to evaluate changes in traditional and newer kidney safety biomarker expression levels in dogs. Animals received cisplatin (CDDP, 0.75 mg per kg per day) or 0.9% Saline (vehicle) for 5 days. Serum/urine samples were collected at various time points. Cage-side observations included emesis (D1-2/D4-D5/D7-9), absence of stool (D5-9/D11), soft stool (D4-7/D12), excessive salivation (D1/D3/D5-6), decreased food consumption (D5-8), decreased activity (D7-8) and/or dehydration (D7). Animals were necropsied when serum creatinine (sCr) levels measured at ≥1.9 mg dL-1, indicating significant loss of renal function; or at the end of the study (D11). When compared to controls, increases in BUN/sCr were detected on D3, D5 and/or D8. Increases in urinary total protein (Ur TP) were noted on D6. The moribund dog that was euthanized early on D7 showed insignificant increases in urinary osteopontin (Ur OPN), urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (Ur NGAL), urinary clusterin (Ur CLU), sCr, serum cystatin C (sCYS C) and urinary cystatin C (Ur CYS C) on D5 when compared to controls. Insignificant increases in urinary albumin (Ur ALB) were observed from an animal that was euthanized on D7 and 1 : 2 surviving animals on D8 relative to baseline. From three dogs that were euthanized on D9, increases in Ur CLU, and/or sCYS C were noted on D8 relative to baseline. The two surviving dogs showed elevated Ur CLU and 1 : 2 surviving dogs showed elevated Ur CYS C. Decreased urinary kidney injury molecule 1 (Ur KIM-1) on D3/D5 was evident (versus baseline and controls). CDDP-induced cortico-medullary lesions were characterized as minimal to mild tubule degeneration/necrosis, dilatation, regeneration, cell alteration, intratubular casts, interstitial inflammation and vacuolization. Increased Ur OPN and Ur CLU correlated with enhanced OPN and CLU immunopositive staining in damaged cortical epithelium in the proximal tubules. Enhanced KIM-1 staining in damaged cortico-medullary tubular epithelium appeared in the absence of rises in Ur KIM-1. This study showed changes in kidney safety protein biomarkers associated with CDDP nephrotoxicity in dogs and possibly in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E McDuffie
- Discovery Sciences , Janssen Research & Development , L.L.C. , San Diego , CA , USA .
| | - Y Chen
- Discovery Sciences , Janssen Research & Development , L.L.C. , San Diego , CA , USA .
| | - J Y Ma
- Discovery Sciences , Janssen Research & Development , L.L.C. , San Diego , CA , USA .
| | - S Lee
- Discovery Sciences , Janssen Research & Development , L.L.C. , San Diego , CA , USA .
| | - K M Lynch
- Department of Safety Assessment , GlaxoSmithKline , King of Prussia , PA , USA
| | - D M Hamlin
- Investigative Toxicology , Eli Lilly & Co. , Indianapolis , IN , USA
| | - L Nguyen
- Discovery Sciences , Janssen Research & Development , L.L.C. , San Diego , CA , USA .
| | - M Rizzolio
- Discovery Sciences , Janssen Research & Development , L.L.C. , San Diego , CA , USA .
| | - M Sonee
- Discovery Sciences , Janssen Research & Development , L.L.C. , Spring House , PA , USA
| | - S Snook
- Discovery Sciences , Janssen Research & Development , L.L.C. , San Diego , CA , USA .
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10
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Sridharan B, Ganesh RN, Viswanathan P. Polyacrylic acid attenuates ethylene glycol induced hyperoxaluric damage and prevents crystal aggregation in vitro and in vivo. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 252:36-46. [PMID: 27018375 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2016.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The study explores calcium oxalate crystal inhibiting characteristic of polyacrylic acid (pAA), an anionic polymer in in vitro and in vivo. Animals were divided into 5 groups where group 1 served as control, group 2 were made hyperoxaluric by supplementing with Ethylene glycol (EG) 0.75% (v/v) for 30 days. Group 3, 4 & 5 were also given with EG and treated simultaneously with 2.5, 5 & 10 mg of pAA/kg of body weight, respectively. Urine, serum and tissue analyses along with histological studies were performed at the end of the 30 days study. In vitro crystallization was significantly inhibited by pAA and further it was supported by particle size analyses, XRD and FT-IR studies. Toxicological analyses showed that pAA was safe to use in animals at concentrations below 100 mg/kg BW. In vivo anti-urolithic study showed significant improvement in urinary lithogenic factors (calcium, oxalate, phosphate, citrate & magnesium) and renal function parameters (creatinine, urea and protein). Tissue analyses on anti-oxidant enzyme activity and lipid peroxides showed maintenance of tissue antioxidant status in the pAA supplemented rats and histological studies demonstrated the nephroprotection offered by pAA and were concurrent to the biochemical analyses. Supplementation of pAA not only reduces the crystal aggregation but also regulates the expression and localization of crystal inhibiting proteins and gene expression of inflammatory cytokines in experimental animals. In summary, pAA is a potent anti-urolithic agent in rats and we can propose that 10 mg/kg body weight is the effective dosage of pAA and this concentration can be used for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badrinathan Sridharan
- Renal Research Lab, Centre for Biomedical Research, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajesh Nachiappa Ganesh
- Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Dhanvantri Nagar, Puducherry, India
| | - Pragasam Viswanathan
- Renal Research Lab, Centre for Biomedical Research, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
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11
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A. Hokamp
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Texas A&M University; College Station TX USA
| | - Mary B. Nabity
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology; College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences; Texas A&M University; College Station TX USA
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