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Sousa KRS, de Melo Ferreira Dantas W, de Oliveira LL, Cardoso SA, Dos Santos Araújo R, Guimarães SEF. Effect of vaccination against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae on divergent pig genetic groups. Res Vet Sci 2024; 180:105417. [PMID: 39288683 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
The bacterium Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mhp) causes a chronic infectious respiratory disease in pigs, leading to important economic losses. This study aimed to compare the immune response of the local Piau breed and a commercial line to Mhp vaccination. For this, two phases were carried out. In the first, gene expression of toll-like receptors (TLR2, TLR4, TLR6, and TLR10) and cytokines (IL2, IL6, IL8, IL10, IL12, IL13, TNFα, and TGFβ) was assessed in porcine blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from the two genetic groups before and after vaccination. In the second experiment, nitric oxide production, specific antibodies, and gene expression of toll-like receptors and cytokines were evaluated in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cells of vaccinated and unvaccinated pigs. After vaccination against Mhp, TLR2, TLR4, TLR6, TLR10, IL6, TNFα, and TGFβ expression levels were elevated in PBMC from commercial animals, and TLR6, TLR10, and TGFβ expression levels were elevated in PBMC from the Piau group. Vaccination also increased the production of Mhp-specific IgG antibodies in BALF cells in the Piau breed. Comparison of the two genetic groups revealed differences in TNFα and IL10 expression in BALF cells. These results show that Piau pigs have different immune responses to vaccination compared with commercial animals. It is worth noting that these genetic differences between both genetic groups may be related to phenotypic differences in Mhp resistance or susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katiene Regia Silva Sousa
- Departamento de Oceanografia e Limnologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, Brazil; Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-000, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Silvia Almeida Cardoso
- Departamento de Enfermagem e Medicina, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-000, Brazil.
| | - Renan Dos Santos Araújo
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, 78698-000, Pontal do Araguaia, Mato Grosso, Brazil
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Cardenas M, Seibert B, Cowan B, Fraiha ALS, Carnaccini S, Gay LC, Faccin FC, Caceres CJ, Anderson TK, Vincent Baker AL, Perez DR, Rajao DS. Amino acid 138 in the HA of a H3N2 subtype influenza A virus increases affinity for the lower respiratory tract and alveolar macrophages in pigs. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1012026. [PMID: 38377132 PMCID: PMC10906893 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (FLUAV) infects a wide range of hosts and human-to-swine spillover events are frequently reported. However, only a few of these human viruses have become established in pigs and the host barriers and molecular mechanisms driving adaptation to the swine host remain poorly understood. We previously found that infection of pigs with a 2:6 reassortant virus (hVIC/11) containing the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) gene segments from the human strain A/Victoria/361/2011 (H3N2) and internal gene segments of an endemic swine strain (sOH/04) resulted in a fixed amino acid substitution in the HA (A138S, mature H3 HA numbering). In silico analysis revealed that S138 became predominant among swine H3N2 virus sequences deposited in public databases, while 138A predominates in human isolates. To understand the role of the HA A138S substitution in the adaptation of a human-origin FLUAV HA to swine, we infected pigs with the hVIC/11A138S mutant and analyzed pathogenesis and transmission compared to hVIC/11 and sOH/04. Our results showed that the hVIC/11A138S virus had an intermediary pathogenesis between hVIC/11 and sOH/04. The hVIC/11A138S infected the upper respiratory tract, right caudal, and both cranial lobes while hVIC/11 was only detected in nose and trachea samples. Viruses induced a distinct expression pattern of various pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-8, TNF-α, and IFN-β. Flow cytometric analysis of lung samples revealed a significant reduction of porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) in hVIC/11A138S-infected pigs compared to hVIC/11 while a MHCIIlowCD163neg population was increased. The hVIC/11A138S showed a higher affinity for PAMs than hVIC/11, noted as an increase of infected PAMs in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and showed no differences in the percentage of HA-positive PAMs compared to sOH/04. This increased infection of PAMs led to an increase of granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) stimulation but a reduced expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) in the sOH/04-infected group. Analysis using the PAM cell line 3D4/21 revealed that the A138S substitution improved replication and apoptosis induction in this cell type compared to hVIC/11 but at lower levels than sOH/04. Overall, our study indicates that adaptation of human viruses to the swine host involves an increased affinity for the lower respiratory tract and alveolar macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matias Cardenas
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Brittany Seibert
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Brianna Cowan
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Ana Luiza S. Fraiha
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Silvia Carnaccini
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - L. Claire Gay
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Flavio Cargnin Faccin
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - C. Joaquin Caceres
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Tavis K. Anderson
- Virus and Prion Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Amy L. Vincent Baker
- Virus and Prion Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Daniel R. Perez
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Daniela S. Rajao
- Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
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Liu W, Jiang P, Song T, Yang K, Yuan F, Gao T, Liu Z, Li C, Guo R, Xiao S, Tian Y, Zhou D. A Recombinant Chimera Vaccine Composed of LTB and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae Antigens P97R1, mhp390 and P46 Elicits Cellular Immunologic Response in Mice. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1291. [PMID: 37631860 PMCID: PMC10457768 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11081291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is the etiological agent of porcine enzootic pneumonia (EP), leading to a mild and chronic pneumonia in swine. Relative control has been attained through active vaccination programs, but porcine enzootic pneumonia remains a significant economic challenge in the swine industry. Cellular immunity plays a key role in the prevention and control of porcine enzootic pneumonia. Therefore, the development of a more efficient vaccine that confers a strong immunity against M. hyopneumoniae is necessary. In this study, a multi-antigen chimera (L9m6) was constructed by combining the heat-labile enterotoxin B subunit (LTB) with three antigens of M. hyopneumoniae (P97R1, mhp390, and P46), and its immunogenic and antigenic properties were assessed in a murine model. In addition, we compared the effect of individual administration and multiple-fusion of these antigens. The chimeric multi-fusion vaccine induced significant cellular immune responses and high production of IgG and IgM antibodies against M. hyopneumoniae. Collectively, our data suggested that rL9m6 chimera exhibits potential as a viable vaccine candidate for the prevention and control of porcine enzootic pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.L.); (P.J.); (K.Y.); (F.Y.); (T.G.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (R.G.)
| | - Peizhao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.L.); (P.J.); (K.Y.); (F.Y.); (T.G.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (R.G.)
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China;
| | - Tao Song
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China;
| | - Keli Yang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.L.); (P.J.); (K.Y.); (F.Y.); (T.G.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (R.G.)
| | - Fangyan Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.L.); (P.J.); (K.Y.); (F.Y.); (T.G.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (R.G.)
| | - Ting Gao
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.L.); (P.J.); (K.Y.); (F.Y.); (T.G.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (R.G.)
| | - Zewen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.L.); (P.J.); (K.Y.); (F.Y.); (T.G.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (R.G.)
| | - Chang Li
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.L.); (P.J.); (K.Y.); (F.Y.); (T.G.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (R.G.)
| | - Rui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.L.); (P.J.); (K.Y.); (F.Y.); (T.G.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (R.G.)
| | - Shaobo Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine of Hubei Province, Division of Animal Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Yongxiang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.L.); (P.J.); (K.Y.); (F.Y.); (T.G.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (R.G.)
| | - Danna Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control Agents for Animal Bacteriosis (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Pathogenic Microbiology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430070, China; (W.L.); (P.J.); (K.Y.); (F.Y.); (T.G.); (Z.L.); (C.L.); (R.G.)
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Rodríguez F, Rosales RS, Ramírez AS, Poveda JB. Vaccination Upregulates Th1 Cytokines in the Lung of Pigs Experimentally Infected with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13030520. [PMID: 36766408 PMCID: PMC9913433 DOI: 10.3390/ani13030520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mhy) is the causative agent of enzootic pneumonia, characterized by high morbidity and low mortality rates in intensive swine production systems. To better understand the mechanisms underlying the protection of an inactivated whole cell vaccine, we investigated the immunohistochemical differences in the cytokine expression in vaccinated and non-vaccinated pigs experimentally infected with Mhy. Four-week-old Mhy-negative pigs (n = 24) were allocated to negative control (n = 8), or one of two Mhy-infected groups: vaccinated (n = 8) and non-vaccinated (n = 8). Infection was carried out by a combination of trans-tracheal and aerosol route. Lung samples were processed for histopathological and immunohistochemical studies, by using antibodies against Mhy, IL1-α, IL1-β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, Il-8, IL-10, IL-12p35, IL-13, IL-17A, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and CD-4 lymphocytes. Although all cytokines increased in both infected groups, IL-2, IL-12, and IFN-γ were significantly overexpressed in vaccinated pigs. These findings, in conjunction with the decrease of macroscopic and histological lesions in vaccinated animals, indicate the importance to enhance Th1 response in the immunization strategies to control Mhy infection.
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Maes D, Boyen F, Devriendt B, Kuhnert P, Summerfield A, Haesebrouck F. Perspectives for improvement of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccines in pigs. Vet Res 2021; 52:67. [PMID: 33964969 PMCID: PMC8106180 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-021-00941-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyopneumoniae) is one of the primary agents involved in the porcine respiratory disease complex, economically one of the most important diseases in pigs worldwide. The pathogen adheres to the ciliated epithelium of the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles, causes damage to the mucosal clearance system, modulates the immune system and renders the animal more susceptible to other respiratory infections. The pathogenesis is very complex and not yet fully understood. Cell-mediated and likely also mucosal humoral responses are considered important for protection, although infected animals are not able to rapidly clear the pathogen from the respiratory tract. Vaccination is frequently practiced worldwide to control M. hyopneumoniae infections and the associated performance losses, animal welfare issues, and treatment costs. Commercial vaccines are mostly bacterins that are administered intramuscularly. However, the commercial vaccines provide only partial protection, they do not prevent infection and have a limited effect on transmission. Therefore, there is a need for novel vaccines that confer a better protection. The present paper gives a short overview of the pathogenesis and immune responses following M. hyopneumoniae infection, outlines the major limitations of the commercial vaccines and reviews the different experimental M. hyopneumoniae vaccines that have been developed and tested in mice and pigs. Most experimental subunit, DNA and vector vaccines are based on the P97 adhesin or other factors that are important for pathogen survival and pathogenesis. Other studies focused on bacterins combined with novel adjuvants. Very few efforts have been directed towards the development of attenuated vaccines, although such vaccines may have great potential. As cell-mediated and likely also humoral mucosal responses are important for protection, new vaccines should aim to target these arms of the immune response. The selection of proper antigens, administration route and type of adjuvant and carrier molecule is essential for success. Also practical aspects, such as cost of the vaccine, ease of production, transport and administration, and possible combination with vaccines against other porcine pathogens, are important. Possible avenues for further research to develop better vaccines and to achieve a more sustainable control of M. hyopneumoniae infections are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominiek Maes
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Filip Boyen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Bert Devriendt
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Peter Kuhnert
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Artur Summerfield
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Sensemattstrasse 293, Mittelhäusern, Switzerland.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Mucosal and systemic immune responses induced by intranasal immunization of recombinant Bacillus subtilis expressing the P97R1, P46 antigens of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. Biosci Rep 2020; 39:BSR20191126. [PMID: 31492763 PMCID: PMC6822509 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20191126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyopneumoniae) is the pathogen of swine enzootic pneumonia, a chronic respiratory disease affecting pigs of all ages. The ciliated epithelial cells of the respiratory tract are the main target invaded and colonized by M. hyopneumoniae. Therefore, the ideal vaccine would be mucosally administered and able to stimulate suitable mucosal immunity and prevent the adherence of pathogens to mucosal cell surfaces. Currently, Bacillus subtilis as a recombinant vaccine carrier has been used for antigen delivery and proved to be effectively enhancing the innate immunity of nasal mucosa. Here, our study attempts to construct recombinant Bacillus subtilis (B.S-P97R1, B.S-P46), which can express the P97R1 or P46 antigen of M. hyopneumoniae, and to evaluate the immune responses in BALB/c mice. Initially, we respectively successfully constructed recombinant B.S-P97R1, B.S-P46 and validated the expression of antigen proteins by Western analysis. Then, recombinant B.S-P97R1 or B.S-P46 were respectively intranasally (i.n.) immunized in mice. Both strong P97R1-specific and P46-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG), secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) antibodies were induced in sera, bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALs) by ELISA analysis. Moreover, the levels of specific IL-4, IFN-γ in the immunized mice were elevated, and the proliferation of lymphocytes was also enhanced. In general, intranasal inoculation of recombinant B.S-P97R1 or B.S-P46 resulted in strong mucosal immunity, cell-mediated and humoral immunity, which was a mixed Th1/Th2-type response. In addition, our results provided a potential novel strategy that may be applied to the development of vaccines against M. hyopneumoniae.
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Gan Y, Xie X, Zhang L, Xiong Q, Shao G, Feng Z. Establishment of a model of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection using Bama miniature pigs. FOOD PRODUCTION, PROCESSING AND NUTRITION 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43014-020-00034-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
AbstractMycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyopneumoniae), is the primary aetiological agent of enzootic pneumonia leading to chronic respiratory disease prevalent worldwide. Conventional pigs are the only animals used for pathogenicity studies and vaccine evaluations of M. hyopneumoniae. Considering that the challenge animals have better genetic stability and a smaller body size to operate with, an alternative experimental animal model of M. hyopneumoniae infection with Bama miniature pigs was established. Nine seven-week-old snatch-farrowed, porcine colostrum-deprived (SF-pCD) Bama miniature pigs and nine conventional pigs were randomly divided into two infected groups (Bama miniature-infected (BI) and conventional-infected groups (CI), BI and CI, n = 6) and two control groups (Bama miniature control (BC) and conventional control (CC) groups, BC and CC, n = 3). Every piglet was tracheally inoculated with 5 × 108 CCU/mL containing 10% suspension of a stock of frozen lung homogenate from SF-pCD pigs infected with virulent strain JS or sterilized KM2 medium. Typical lung lesions appeared in all infected pigs after necropsy, and the mean gross lung lesions was 17.3 and 13.7 in groups of BI and CI. Serum IgG and nasal sIgA antibody titres were increased significantly. Cilia shedding and mucus staining increased greatly in JS-infected bronchi. Obvious reddish gross lesions and M. hyopneumoniae antigen were detected, especially apparently observed in group of BI. Moreover, DNA copies of M. hyopneumoniae from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of each JS-infected piglet reached more than 108, and M. hyopneumoniae could be re-isolated from each infected BALF. These results indicate that Bama miniature pigs could be used as an alternative and more maneuverable experimental infection model for M. hyopneumoniae and display typical clinical and pathological features consistent with those in conventional pigs.
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Anatomical Uniqueness of the Mucosal Immune System (GALT, NALT, iBALT) for the Induction and Regulation of Mucosal Immunity and Tolerance. MUCOSAL VACCINES 2020. [PMCID: PMC7149644 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-811924-2.00002-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Li HN, Zhao X, Zha YJ, Du F, Liu J, Sun L. miR‑146a‑5p suppresses ATP‑binding cassette subfamily G member 1 dysregulation in patients with refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae via interleukin 1 receptor‑associated kinase 1 downregulation. Int J Mol Med 2019; 44:2003-2014. [PMID: 31638178 PMCID: PMC6844629 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we examined the function of microRNA (miR)-146a-5p in patients with refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia. In brief, the expression of miR-146a-5p was reduced in patients with refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia. Downregulation of miR-146a-5p reduced inflammation in an in vitro model of refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia, whilst overexpression of miR-146a-5p promoted inflammation. Downregulation of miR-146a-5p induced the protein expression of ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 1 (ABCG1) and interleukin 1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK-1), while suppressed expression was observed of the aforementioned proteins following overexpression of miR-146a-5p in an in vitro model of refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia. The administration of small interfering RNA against RXR or IRAK-1 attenuated the effects of miR-146a-5p on inflammation in an in vitro model of refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia. Collectively, these results suggested that miR-146a-5p reduced ABCG1 expression in refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia via downregulation of IRAK-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu-Nian Li
- Emergency and Critical Care Center, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Emergency and Critical Care Center, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Jiu Zha
- Emergency and Critical Care Center, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Fang Du
- Emergency and Critical Care Center, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Jie Liu
- Emergency and Critical Care Center, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Liang Sun
- Emergency and Critical Care Center, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
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Garza-Moreno L, Segalés J, Aragón V, Correa-Fiz F, Pieters M, Carmona M, Krejci R, Sibila M. Characterization of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae strains in vaccinated and non-vaccinated pigs from Spanish slaughterhouses. Vet Microbiol 2019; 231:18-23. [PMID: 30955807 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to describe Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyopneumoniae) genetic variability in vaccinated (V) and non-vaccinated (NV) slaughtered pigs showing cranio-ventral pulmonary consolidation (CVPC). Ten V and 10 NV fattening farms with respiratory problems associated to M. hyopneumoniae were selected. Lung lesions of one batch per farm were scored at slaughterhouse and the enzootic pneumonia (EP)-index was calculated. Moreover, three lungs showing the most extensive CVPC per farm were sampled and tested for M. hyopneumoniae detection by real-time (rt)-PCR. Positive samples with cycle threshold ≤30 were selected to be genotyped by sequencing of four loci (P97, P146, H1 and H5). Typing profiles (TP) were assigned considering four or two (P97, P146) loci. Five commercial vaccines for M. hyopneumoniae (VS) and two reference strains (RF) were also genotyped. The EP-index (mean ± SD) in NV farms (3.8 ± 1.9) was not significantly different from V ones (2.2 ± 1.3). From the 60 selected lungs, 46 (76.7%) were M. hyopneumoniae positive by rt-PCR (25/30 and 21/30 from NV and V farms, respectively), and 43 (93.5%) of those were successfully genotyped. A total of 24 different TP(12 in V and 12 in NV farms) or 17 TP(9 in V and 9 in NV farms, being one TP in both farm types) were identified by analyzing four or two loci, respectively. One to three TP per farm were detected, being different from VS and RF. Interestingly, farms with same breeding origin had the same TP using two loci, but such link was not found using four loci. Therefore, high inter-farm and limited intra-farm M. hyopneumoniae genetic variability were detected, but variability depended on the number of studied loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Garza-Moreno
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CRESA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; CEVA Salud Animal S.A., Avenida Diagonal, 609 - 615, 9ª planta, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Joaquim Segalés
- UAB, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CRESA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, UAB, 08193 Bellaterra Spain.
| | - Virginia Aragón
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CRESA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - Florencia Correa-Fiz
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CRESA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - Maria Pieters
- Departament of Veterinary Population Medicine and Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, United States.
| | - Marta Carmona
- CEVA Salud Animal S.A., Avenida Diagonal, 609 - 615, 9ª planta, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Roman Krejci
- CEVA Santé Animale, La Ballasteriere - BP 126, 33501, Libourne Cedex, France.
| | - Marina Sibila
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CRESA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
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Arsenakis I, Michiels A, Schagemann G, Gomez-Duran CO, Boyen F, Haesebrouck F, Maes DGD. Effects of pre-farrowing sow vaccination against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae on offspring colonisation and lung lesions. Vet Rec 2019; 184:222. [PMID: 30630875 PMCID: PMC6589467 DOI: 10.1136/vr.104972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae colonisation and lung lesions at slaughter in pigs from vaccinated (V) and non-vaccinated (NV) sows, in two herds (A and B). In each herd, two sow batches were V against M. hyopneumoniae with a commercial bacterin at six and three weeks before farrowing and two sow batches remained NV. From each sow batch, laryngeal swabs were collected from the litters of five primiparous sows at weaning and seven days post-weaning. All samples were tested for M. hyopneumoniae by nested PCR. In total, 488 piglets were sampled. At slaughter, the extent of Mycoplasma-like pneumonia lesions (lung lesion score (LLS)) was assessed. The colonisation rates with M. hyopneumoniae at weaning and seven days post-weaning were (V-A=14.2, NV-A=20.0 (P=0.225); V-B=0.9, NV-B=0.8 (P=0.948)) and (V-A=0.8, NV-A=7.0 (P=0.039); V-B=1.8, NV-B=2.5 (P=0.738)), respectively. The average LLS (in per cent) was V-A=15.5, NV-A=26.4 (P=0.021); V-B=9.7, NV-B=8.4 (P=0.541). In conclusion, in herd A, with a substantially higher level of piglet colonisation at weaning than herd B, offspring from V sows had a significantly lower colonisation rate seven days post-weaning and a significantly lower LLS at slaughter compared with the offspring of the NV sows. This implies that sow vaccination might be useful for control of M. hyopneumoniae infections, although significant results may not be achieved at all times (such as in herd B).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Arsenakis
- Unit Porcine Health Management, Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics & Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Annelies Michiels
- Unit Porcine Health Management, Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics & Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | | | | | - Filip Boyen
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Freddy Haesebrouck
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Dominiek G D Maes
- Unit Porcine Health Management, Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics & Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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Garza-Moreno L, Segalés J, Pieters M, Romagosa A, Sibila M. Acclimation strategies in gilts to control Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection. Vet Microbiol 2018; 219:23-29. [PMID: 29778201 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyopneumoniae) is the primary causative agent of enzootic pneumonia (EP), one of the most economically important infectious disease for the swine industry worldwide. M. hyopneumoniae transmission occurs mainly by direct contact (nose-to-nose) between infected to susceptible pigs as well as from infected dams to their offspring (sow-to-piglet). Since disease severity has been correlated with M. hyopneumoniae prevalence at weaning in some studies, and gilts are considered the main bacterial shedders, an effective gilt acclimation program should help controlling M. hyopneumoniae in swine farms. The present review summarizes the different M. hyopneumoniae monitoring strategies of incoming gilts and recipient herd and proposes a farm classification according to their health statuses. The medication and vaccination programs against M. hyopneumoniae most used in replacement gilts are reviewed as well. Gilt replacement acclimation against M. hyopneumoniae in Europe and North America indicates that vaccination is the main strategy used, but there is a current trend in US to deliberately expose gilts to the pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Garza-Moreno
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CRESA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - Joaquim Segalés
- UAB, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CRESA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, UAB, 08193 Bellaterra Spain.
| | - Maria Pieters
- Departament of Veterinary Population Medicine and Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, United States.
| | - Anna Romagosa
- PIC Europe, C/ Pau Vila 22, 2º 6ª, 08174 Sant Cugat del Vallés, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Marina Sibila
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CRESA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
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13
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Michiels A, Arsenakis I, Boyen F, Krejci R, Haesebrouck F, Maes D. Efficacy of one dose vaccination against experimental infection with two Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae strains. BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:274. [PMID: 28851359 PMCID: PMC5576127 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-1195-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyopneumoniae) is the primary agent of enzootic pneumonia in pigs. Pigs are often infected with different M. hyopneumoniae strains. This study assessed the efficacy of vaccination against experimental infection with two genetically different M. hyopneumoniae strains in weaned piglets. At 33 days of age (D0), 45 M. hyopneumoniae-free piglets were randomly assigned to three different groups: 1) negative control group (NCG; n = 5): not vaccinated, not infected, 2) positive control group (PCG; n = 20): not vaccinated, infected, and 3) vaccination group (VG; n = 20): single vaccination with an inactivated whole-cell M. hyopneumoniae vaccine (Hyogen®, Ceva) (D1), infected. The PCG and VG were endotracheally inoculated with 7 × 107 CCU in 7 ml of the highly virulent M. hyopneumoniae strain F7.2C (D24) and 7 × 107 CCU in 7 ml low virulent strain F1.12A (D25). A respiratory disease score (RDS) was assessed from D24 until D53. At D53 (euthanasia), macroscopic lung lesions (MLL) were scored, log copies of M. hyopneumoniae DNA (qPCR) and IL-1 and IL-6-concentrations (ELISA) on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were determined. Results The RDS and MLL at euthanasia were respectively 0, 1.20 and 0.55 (P < 0.001) and 0, 7.56 and 0.68 (P < 0.001) for NCG, PCG and VG, respectively. The qPCR results for PCG and VG were 3.99 and 1.78 log copies (P < 0.001), respectively, with a significant difference between PCG and VG. The IL-1 and IL-6 results at euthanasia for NCG, PCG and VG were 17.61, 1283.39 and 53.04 pg/ml (P < 0.001) and 148.10, 493.35 and 259.80 pg/ml (P = 0.004), respectively with a significant difference between PCG and VG. Conclusions Vaccination with Hyogen® in pigs was efficacious against an experimental challenge with both a low and highly virulent M. hyopneumoniae strain as the vaccinated pigs coughed significantly less, and showed significantly less lung lesions compared to the non-vaccinated challenged pigs: the vaccinated animals showed a 52.9% lower RDS and 91.0% lower MLL compared to the PCG. In the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid collected at the necropsy of the vaccinated pigs, a significantly lower amount of M. hyopneumoniae-DNA and a significantly lower IL-1 and IL-6 concentration was found compared to the pigs of the PCG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelies Michiels
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.
| | - Ioannis Arsenakis
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Filip Boyen
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | | | - Freddy Haesebrouck
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Dominiek Maes
- Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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Maes D, Sibila M, Kuhnert P, Segalés J, Haesebrouck F, Pieters M. Update on Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infections in pigs: Knowledge gaps for improved disease control. Transbound Emerg Dis 2017; 65 Suppl 1:110-124. [PMID: 28834294 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (M. hyopneumoniae) is the primary pathogen of enzootic pneumonia, a chronic respiratory disease in pigs. Infections occur worldwide and cause major economic losses to the pig industry. The present paper reviews the current knowledge on M. hyopneumoniae infections, with emphasis on identification and analysis of knowledge gaps for optimizing control of the disease. Close contact between infected and susceptible pigs is the main route of M. hyopneumoniae transmission. Management and housing conditions predisposing for infection or disease are known, but further research is needed to better understand M. hyopneumoniae transmission patterns in modern pig production systems, and to assess the importance of the breeding population for downstream disease control. The organism is primarily found on the mucosal surface of the trachea, bronchi and bronchioles. Different adhesins and lipoproteins are involved in the adherence process. However, a clear picture of the virulence and pathogenicity of M. hyopneumoniae is still missing. The role of glycerol metabolism, myoinositol metabolism and the Mycoplasma Ig binding protein-Mycoplasma Ig protease system should be further investigated for their contribution to virulence. The destruction of the mucociliary apparatus, together with modulating the immune response, enhances the susceptibility of infected pigs to secondary pathogens. Clinical signs and severity of lesions depend on different factors, such as management, environmental conditions and likely also M. hyopneumoniae strain. The potential impact of strain variability on disease severity is not well defined. Diagnostics could be improved by developing tests that may detect virulent strains, by improving sampling in live animals and by designing ELISAs allowing discrimination between infected and vaccinated pigs. The currently available vaccines are often cost-efficient, but the ongoing research on developing new vaccines that confer protective immunity and reduce transmission should be continued, as well as optimization of protocols to eliminate M. hyopneumoniae from pig herds.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Maes
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - M Sibila
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - P Kuhnert
- Vetsuisse Faculty, Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - J Segalés
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.,Departament de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - F Haesebrouck
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - M Pieters
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
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Siqueira FM, Pérez-Wohlfeil E, Carvalho FM, Trelles O, Schrank IS, Vasconcelos ATR, Zaha A. Microbiome overview in swine lungs. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181503. [PMID: 28719637 PMCID: PMC5515459 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is the etiologic agent of swine enzootic pneumonia. However other mycoplasma species and secondary bacteria are found as inhabitants of the swine respiratory tract, which can be also related to disease. In the present study we have performed a total DNA metagenomic analysis from the lungs of pigs kept in a field condition, with suggestive signals of enzootic pneumonia and without any infection signals to evaluate the bacteria variability of the lungs microbiota. Libraries from metagenomic DNA were prepared and sequenced using total DNA shotgun metagenomic pyrosequencing. The metagenomic distribution showed a great abundance of bacteria. The most common microbial families identified from pneumonic swine's lungs were Mycoplasmataceae, Flavobacteriaceae and Pasteurellaceae, whereas in the carrier swine's lungs the most common families were Mycoplasmataceae, Bradyrhizobiaceae and Flavobacteriaceae. Analysis of community composition in both samples confirmed the high prevalence of M. hyopneumoniae. Moreover, the carrier lungs had more diverse family population, which should be related to the lungs normal flora. In summary, we provide a wide view of the bacterial population from lungs with signals of enzootic pneumonia and lungs without signals of enzootic pneumonia in a field situation. These bacteria patterns provide information that may be important for the establishment of disease control measures and to give insights for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franciele Maboni Siqueira
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Fabíola Marques Carvalho
- Laboratório Nacional de Computação Científica, Laboratório de Bioinformática, Petrópolis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Oswaldo Trelles
- Department of Computer Architecture, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Irene Silveira Schrank
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Arnaldo Zaha
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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17
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Arsenakis I, Panzavolta L, Michiels A, Del Pozo Sacristán R, Boyen F, Haesebrouck F, Maes D. Efficacy of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccination before and at weaning against experimental challenge infection in pigs. BMC Vet Res 2016; 12:63. [PMID: 27025924 PMCID: PMC4812620 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-016-0685-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Commercial bacterins are widely used at weaning to control Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infections in pigs. However, it is not known whether the efficacy of vaccinating against M. hyopneumoniae can be influenced by the weaning process when vaccination is applied at the day of weaning. The present study assessed the efficacy of a single M. hyopneumoniae vaccination (Ingelvac MycoFLEX®) three days before weaning (V1) or at weaning (V2) against experimental challenge infection. Four weeks after vaccination, groups V1 and V2 (n = 20 pigs each) and a non-vaccinated, positive control group (PCG) (n = 20) were endotracheally inoculated with a virulent M. hyopneumoniae field strain. Five pigs were used as a negative control group. All pigs were euthanized 5 weeks after challenge. The main parameters investigated included macroscopic and histopathological lung lesions at necropsy, immunofluorescence (IF) staining and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) on broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) fluid for quantifying M. hyopneumoniae. RESULTS The average macroscopic lung lesion scores in groups V1, V2 and PCG were 0.54, 0.88 and 1.04, respectively (P > 0.05). The average lymphohistiocytic infiltration scores in groups V1, V2 and PCG were 2.95, 3.16 and 3.61, respectively (P < 0.05). The average IF scores were: V1 = 1.13, V2 = 1.19 and PCG = 1.25 (P > 0.05), the qPCR values were: V1 = 10(2.94), V2 = 10(2.76) and PCG = 10(3.23) (P > 0.05). All pigs of the negative control group remained negative throughout the study. CONCLUSIONS Both vaccinated groups had lower numbers of macroscopic and histopathological lung lesions, and lower numbers of M. hyopneumoniae organisms in the BAL fluid compared to the PCG. However, no firm conclusions could be made on whether weaning negatively influences the efficacy of M. hyopneumoniae vaccination, since significant differences between the treatment groups were only obtained for the histopathological lung lesions. This could be attributed to the fact that milder macroscopic lung lesions were produced in the inoculated pigs, when compared to previous trials conducted by the same group. Further research under field conditions is warranted to assess possible differences between the two vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Arsenakis
- Porcine Health Management Unit, Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics & Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke, 9820, Belgium.
| | - Luca Panzavolta
- Porcine Health Management Unit, Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics & Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke, 9820, Belgium
| | - Annelies Michiels
- Porcine Health Management Unit, Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics & Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke, 9820, Belgium
| | - Rubén Del Pozo Sacristán
- Porcine Health Management Unit, Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics & Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke, 9820, Belgium
| | - Filip Boyen
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke, 9820, Belgium
| | - Freddy Haesebrouck
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke, 9820, Belgium
| | - Dominiek Maes
- Porcine Health Management Unit, Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics & Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke, 9820, Belgium
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Fisch A, Marchioro SB, Gomes CK, Galli V, de Oliveira NR, Simionatto S, Dellagostin OA, Mendonça M, Moreira ÂN, Conceição FR. Commercial bacterins did not induce detectable levels of antibodies in mice against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae antigens strongly recognized by swine immune system. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trivac.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Establishment of an antibody avidity test to differentiate vaccinated cattle from those naturally infected with Mycoplasma bovis. Vet J 2014; 203:79-84. [PMID: 25467991 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Mycoplasma bovis is a major pathogen of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) in China and a live attenuated vaccine has recently been developed. This study aimed to establish an IgG avidity test to differentiate between naturally infected and vaccinated animals. An indirect ELISA (iELISA) was first established in the laboratory to detect antibodies specific to M. bovis using whole cell proteins as coating antigens and serum samples from experimentally infected cattle. The specificity and sensitivity of the iELISA was confirmed using a commercial ELISA kit as a reference standard. Both tests showed substantial agreement as indicated by a κ value of 0.78 (95% confidence interval, CI, 0.62, 0.93), and an overall 92.0% (80/87) agreement between the two tests. Based on the laboratory iELISA, a sodium thiocyanate (NaSCN) competitive iELISA was then developed for the detection of IgG avidity, expressed as relative avidity index (AI). Two-hundred and one experimentally immunised and naturally infected animals were used. These comprised 36 immunised calves, 38 negative control calves, 37 naturally infected calves, 87 calves of unknown status, and an additional three immunised calves that were used for a time trial. By testing true positive and negative antisera from either naturally infected or immunised calves, the AI cut-off value was defined as 70.4%. The diagnostic accuracy of the in-house NaSCN competitive iELISA was determined using serum samples collected from the experimental animals. The IgG avidity test demonstrated 96.0% sensitivity (95% CI 80.5%, 99.3%) and 95.8% specificity (95% CI 79.8%, 99.3%), and was successfully established as a valuable first test for differentiating vaccinated animals from those infected with M. bovis. This test may be a useful tool for clarifying the magnitude of M. bovis infection and in assessing the efficacy of vaccination in exposed animal populations.
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Jorge S, de Oliveira NR, Marchioro SB, Fisch A, Gomes CK, Hartleben CP, Conceição FR, Dellagostin OA. The Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae recombinant heat shock protein P42 induces an immune response in pigs under field conditions. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2014; 37:229-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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21
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Virginio VG, Gonchoroski T, Paes JA, Schuck DC, Zaha A, Ferreira HB. Immune responses elicited by Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae recombinant antigens and DNA constructs with potential for use in vaccination against porcine enzootic pneumonia. Vaccine 2014; 32:5832-8. [PMID: 25148775 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is the etiological agent of porcine enzootic pneumonia (PEP) and causes major economic losses to the pig industry worldwide. Commercially available vaccines provide only partial protection and are relatively expensive. In this study, we assessed the humoral and cellular immune responses to three recombinant antigens of M. hyopneumoniae. Immune responses to selected domains of the P46, HSP70 and MnuA antigens (P46102-253, HSP70212-601 and MnuA182-378), delivered as recombinant subunit or DNA vaccines, were evaluated in BALB/c mice. All purified recombinant antigens and two DNA vaccines, pcDNA3.1(+)/HSP70212-601 and pcDNA3.1(+)/MnuA182-378, elicited a strong humoral immune response, indicated by high IgG levels in the serum. The cellular immune response was assessed by detection of IFN-γ, IL-10 and IL-4 in splenocyte culture supernatants. The recombinant subunit and DNA vaccines induced Th1-polarized immune responses, as evidenced by increased levels of IFN-γ. All recombinant subunit vaccines and the pcDNA3.1(+)/MnuA182-378 vaccine also induced the secretion of IL-10, a Th2-type cytokine, in large quantities. The mixed Th1/Th2-type response may elicit an effective immune response against M. hyopneumoniae, suggesting that P46102-253, HSP70212-601 and MnuA182-378 are potential novel and promising targets for the development of vaccines against PEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veridiana Gomes Virginio
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural e Funcional, Centro de Biotecnologia, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Taylor Gonchoroski
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural e Funcional, Centro de Biotecnologia, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Andrade Paes
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural e Funcional, Centro de Biotecnologia, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Desirée Cigaran Schuck
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural e Funcional, Centro de Biotecnologia, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Arnaldo Zaha
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural e Funcional, Centro de Biotecnologia, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biociências, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Henrique Bunselmeyer Ferreira
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural e Funcional, Centro de Biotecnologia, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Centro de Biotecnologia, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biociências, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Del Pozo Sacristán R, Sierens A, Marchioro SB, Vangroenweghe F, Jourquin J, Labarque G, Haesebrouck F, Maes D. Efficacy of early Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae
vaccination against mixed respiratory disease in older fattening pigs. Vet Rec 2014; 174:197. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.101597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Del Pozo Sacristán
- Unit Porcine Health Management, Department of Reproduction; Obstetrics and Herd Health; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ghent University; Salisburylaan 133 Merelbeke 9820 Belgium
| | - A. Sierens
- Unit Porcine Health Management, Department of Reproduction; Obstetrics and Herd Health; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ghent University; Salisburylaan 133 Merelbeke 9820 Belgium
| | - S. B. Marchioro
- Department of Pathology; Bacteriology and Avian Diseases; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ghent University; Salisburylaan 133 Merelbeke 9820 Belgium
| | - F. Vangroenweghe
- Elanco Animal Health; Plantin en Moretuslei 1A Antwerpen 2018 Belgium
| | - J. Jourquin
- Elanco Animal Health; Plantin en Moretuslei 1A Antwerpen 2018 Belgium
| | - G. Labarque
- Elanco Animal Health; Plantin en Moretuslei 1A Antwerpen 2018 Belgium
| | - F. Haesebrouck
- Department of Pathology; Bacteriology and Avian Diseases; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ghent University; Salisburylaan 133 Merelbeke 9820 Belgium
| | - D. Maes
- Unit Porcine Health Management, Department of Reproduction; Obstetrics and Herd Health; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ghent University; Salisburylaan 133 Merelbeke 9820 Belgium
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Loera-Muro A, Avelar-González FJ, Loera-Muro VM, Jacques M, Guerrero-Barrera AL. Presence of <i>Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Streptococcus suis, Pasteurella multocida, Bordetella bronchiseptica, Haemophilus parasuis and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae</i> in upper respiratory tract of swine in farms from Aguascalientes, Mexico. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/ojas.2013.32020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Evaluation of clinical, histological and immunological changes and qPCR detection of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in tissues during the early stages of mycoplasmal pneumonia in pigs after experimental challenge with two field isolates. Vet Microbiol 2012; 161:186-95. [PMID: 22863144 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Revised: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Differences in Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae strain virulence and infection patterns will affect experimental challenge systems used to evaluate vaccine efficacy. Two strains (Hillcrest and Beaufort) were assessed by experimental pig challenge for their ability to induce clinical and pathological lesions and cytokine responses. Tracheobronchial lavage fluid (TBLF) was collected before and 17-18 days after challenge with Hillcrest (n=8), Beaufort (n=8) or no organisms (n=3). Coughing was assessed twice daily, and at slaughter 21 (n=9) or 28 (n=10) days post-challenge, gross and histopathology of lungs were quantified and a quantitative PCR (mhp183 qPCR) was applied to detect M. hyopneumoniae DNA in tissues and TBLF. Hillcrest was clearly superior to Beaufort in its ability to induce coughing and pneumonic lesions. At 17-18 days, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 concentrations in TBLF were only significantly higher (8.7 and 5.1 fold respectively) than controls (P<0.001) in Hillcrest-challenged pigs. Lungs of all Hillcrest-challenged pigs were qPCR positive at either slaughter date, but only at day 28 in Beaufort-challenged pigs. M. hyopneumoniae DNA was highest in concentration in lungs 21 days after Hillcrest challenge, and was detected in the spleen, kidney and/or liver of Hillcrest-challenged pigs, but not in Beaufort pigs. While M. hyopneumoniae DNA concentration in TBLF was elevated following Hillcrest and Beaufort challenge, there was no significant difference in mean mycoplasmal DNA concentration detected in TBLF from pigs challenged with either isolate (P>0.05). Thus a suitable challenge strain, coupled with lung pathology and cytokine assays, are valuable in assessing post-challenge responses. Assessment of M. hyopneumoniae DNA in lung and abdominal tissues by mhp183 qPCR, in conjunction with histopathology, were valuable in confirming M. hyopneumoniae infection.
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