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Cao J, Chen H, Song Q, Sun H, Yang H, Bai Y. Isolation and identification of primary cells: A comprehensive primary cell culture experiment for graduate students. BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY EDUCATION : A BIMONTHLY PUBLICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL UNION OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 39016079 DOI: 10.1002/bmb.21852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Experimental teaching is an important part of postgraduate training in basic and clinical medicine. While primary cell isolation and identification are among the most important research techniques for medical graduate students, most graduate students do not understand and master these techniques before starting their research experience. In particular, many students lack training in this field, and high-quality teaching and learning materials are still very sparse. Here, we designed a practical experiment course for graduate students engaged in research. The target students usually have research projects involving primary cell culture in their future research, making the course highly applicable for the students. The lab exercise focused on the methods of primary cell isolation (including mechanical grinding method, explant culture method and enzymatic digestion method) and identification (including flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining). It aimed to help students master the conceptual, principle, technical, operation, and analytical skills related to primary cell culture and contributed to their foundation for future research. Students generally reflect that they have initially mastered the isolation and identification of primary cell culture as a result of the course. Student feedback also indicates significantly increased confidence in the practical application of primary cell culture in the future. Here, we provide our experience for others who may want to implement similar courses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixiang Cao
- Department of Cell Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Song
- Department of Cell Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Sun
- Office of Scientific Research and Graduate Studies, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Bai
- Department of Cell Biology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
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Wen S, Huang X, Ma J, Zhao G, Ma T, Chen K, Huang G, Chen J, Shi J, Wang S. Exosomes derived from MSC as drug system in osteoarthritis therapy. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1331218. [PMID: 38576449 PMCID: PMC10993706 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1331218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common degenerative disease of the joint with irreversible cartilage damage as the main pathological feature. With the development of regenerative medicine, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been found to have strong therapeutic potential. However, intraarticular MSCs injection therapy is limited by economic costs and ethics. Exosomes derived from MSC (MSC-Exos), as the important intercellular communication mode of MSCs, contain nucleic acid, proteins, lipids, microRNAs, and other biologically active substances. With excellent editability and specificity, MSC-Exos function as a targeted delivery system for OA treatment, modulating immunity, inhibiting apoptosis, and promoting regeneration. This article reviews the mechanism of action of MSC-Exos in the treatment of osteoarthritis, the current research status of the preparation of MSC-Exos and its application of drug delivery in OA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuzhan Wen
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingchun Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guanglei Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tiancong Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kangming Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gangyong Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingsheng Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Siqun Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Pérez Fraile A, González-Cubero E, Martínez-Flórez S, Olivera ER, Villar-Suárez V. Regenerative Medicine Applied to Musculoskeletal Diseases in Equines: A Systematic Review. Vet Sci 2023; 10:666. [PMID: 38133217 PMCID: PMC10748126 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10120666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Musculoskeletal injuries in horses have a great economic impact, predominantly affecting tendons, ligaments, and cartilage, which have limited natural regeneration. Cell therapy, which uses mesenchymal stem cells due to their tissue differentiation properties and anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory effects, aims to restore damaged tissue. In this manuscript, we performed a systematic review using the Parsifal tool, searching the PubMed and Web of Science databases for articles on regenerative medicine for equine musculoskeletal injuries. Our review covers 17 experimental clinical studies categorized by the therapeutic approach used: platelet-rich plasma, conditioned autologous serum, mesenchymal stem cells, and secretome. These therapies reduce healing time, promote regeneration of fibrocartilaginous tissue, improve cellular organization, and improve joint functionality and sustainability. In conclusion, regenerative therapies using platelet-rich plasma, conditioned autologous serum, equine mesenchymal stem cells, and the emerging field of the secretome represent a promising and highly effective approach for the treatment of joint pathologies in horses, implying a valuable advance in equine healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pérez Fraile
- Department of Anatomy, Veterinary Faculty, Campus de Vegazana, Universidad de León, 24007 León, Spain
| | - Elsa González-Cubero
- Department of Anatomy, Veterinary Faculty, Campus de Vegazana, Universidad de León, 24007 León, Spain
| | - Susana Martínez-Flórez
- Department of Anatomy, Veterinary Faculty, Campus de Vegazana, Universidad de León, 24007 León, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), Veterinary Faculty, Campus de Vegazana, Universidad de León, 24007 León, Spain
| | - Elías R. Olivera
- Department of Molecular Biology, Veterinary Faculty, Campus de Vegazana, Universidad de León, 24007 León, Spain
| | - Vega Villar-Suárez
- Department of Anatomy, Veterinary Faculty, Campus de Vegazana, Universidad de León, 24007 León, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), Veterinary Faculty, Campus de Vegazana, Universidad de León, 24007 León, Spain
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Stage HJ, Trappe S, Söllig K, Trachsel DS, Kirsch K, Zieger C, Merle R, Aschenbach JR, Gehlen H. Multilineage Differentiation Potential of Equine Adipose-Derived Stromal/Stem Cells from Different Sources. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13081352. [PMID: 37106915 PMCID: PMC10135324 DOI: 10.3390/ani13081352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The investigation of multipotent stem/stromal cells (MSCs) in vitro represents an important basis for translational studies in large animal models. The study's aim was to examine and compare clinically relevant in vitro properties of equine MSCs, which were isolated from abdominal (abd), retrobulbar (rb) and subcutaneous (sc) adipose tissue by collagenase digestion (ASCs-SVF) and an explant technique (ASCs-EXP). Firstly, we examined proliferation and trilineage differentiation and, secondly, the cardiomyogenic differentiation potential using activin A, bone morphogenetic protein-4 and Dickkopf-1. Fibroblast-like, plastic-adherent ASCs-SVF and ASCs-EXP were obtained from all sources. The proliferation and chondrogenic differentiation potential did not differ significantly between the isolation methods and localizations. However, abd-ASCs-EXP showed the highest adipogenic differentiation potential compared to rb- and sc-ASCs-EXP on day 7 and abd-ASCs-SVF a higher adipogenic potential compared to abd-ASCs-EXP on day 14. Osteogenic differentiation potential was comparable at day 14, but by day 21, abd-ASCs-EXP demonstrated a higher osteogenic potential compared to abd-ASCs-SVF and rb-ASCs-EXP. Cardiomyogenic differentiation could not be achieved. This study provides insight into the proliferation and multilineage differentiation potential of equine ASCs and is expected to provide a basis for future preclinical and clinical studies in horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah J Stage
- Equine Clinic, Surgery and Radiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Trappe
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Söllig
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dagmar S Trachsel
- Clinical Unit of Equine Internal Medicine, Department for Companion Animals and Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Kirsch
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Cornelia Zieger
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Straße 15, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Roswitha Merle
- Institute for Veterinary Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Königsweg 67, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg R Aschenbach
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Heidrun Gehlen
- Equine Clinic, Surgery and Radiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163 Berlin, Germany
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Aronowitz JA, Winterhalter B. Adipose-Derived Regenerative Cellular Therapy of Chronic Wounds. Regen Med 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-75517-1_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Comparison of Sources and Methods for the Isolation of Equine Adipose Tissue-Derived Stromal/Stem Cells and Preliminary Results on Their Reaction to Incubation with 5-Azacytidine. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12162049. [PMID: 36009640 PMCID: PMC9404420 DOI: 10.3390/ani12162049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The function of the equine heart is different from that in other species, and a species-specific in vitro model would simplify investigations in the field of equine cardiology. The recent advances in stem cell research and the availability of adipose tissue-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) could be a promising starting point for the development of such an in vitro model. In order to test the hypothesis that equine ASCs can be differentiated into cells resembling heart cells, we isolated ASCs from abdominal, retrobulbar, and subcutaneous adipose tissue after collagenase digestion or from direct cultivation of explants. Both techniques resulted in similar yields of cells displaying morphological, immunophenotypical, and molecular biological characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells. Abdominal adipose tissue was found to be most suitable for ASC isolation in equines. However, contrasting earlier studies performed with ASCs from other species, equine ASCs were refractory to 5-azacytidine-induced upregulation of markers characteristic for the differentiation into heart cells. Hence, further studies are required to establish equine cardiomyocyte induction. Abstract Physiological particularities of the equine heart justify the development of an in vitro model suitable for investigations of the species-specific equine cardiac electrophysiology. Adipose tissue-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) could be a promising starting point from which to develop such a cardiomyocyte (CM)-like cell model. Therefore, we compared abdominal, retrobulbar, and subcutaneous adipose tissue as sources for the isolation of ASCs applying two isolation methods: the collagenase digestion and direct explant culture. Abdominal adipose tissue was most suitable for the isolation of ASCs and both isolation methods resulted in comparable yields of CD45-/CD34-negative cells expressing the mesenchymal stem cell markers CD29, CD44, and CD90, as well as pluripotency markers, as determined by flow cytometry and real-time quantitative PCR. However, exposure of equine ASCs to 5-azacytidine (5-AZA), reportedly inducing CM differentiation from rats, rabbits, and human ASCs, was not successful in our study. More precisely, neither the early differentiation markers GATA4 and NKX2-5, nor the late CM differentiation markers TNNI3, MYH6, and MYH7 were upregulated in equine ASCs exposed to 10 µM 5-AZA for 48 h. Hence, further work focusing on the optimal conditions for CM differentiation of equine stem cells derived from adipose tissue, as well as possibly from other origins, are needed.
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Lee AY, Jang KH, Jo CH. Minimal Cube Explant Provides Optimal Isolation Condition of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Umbilical Cord. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2022; 19:793-807. [PMID: 35325405 PMCID: PMC9294096 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-022-00440-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enzymatic digestion and explant method have been widely used for isolating umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UC MSCs), although there is still a strong need for robust protocols for optimal isolation for large-scale stem cell banks. This study aims to establish an explant method for clinical scale production of MSCs from human UC tissue and to characterize UC MSCs isolated and cultured with the explant method. METHODS UC MSCs were isolated by enzymatic digestion, minimal cube explant (MCE) 1-2, MCE 2-4, and MCE 10 and cultured, respectively. Also, human antibody array and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) secretion in conditioned medium (CM) was analyzed. The cells were evaluated initial cell number, colony forming unit-fibroblast (CFU-F), proliferation capacity, CD marker expression, and multi-lineage differentiation. SA-β-gal assay as well as expression of p16, p21 and p53 was performed by RT-PCR. RESULTS MCE 2-4 is the most optimized method for isolation of small umbilical cord-derived fast proliferating cells (smumf cells) with the greatest number. MCE 2-4 had the highest secretion of various bioactive factors including bFGF. The MCE 2-4 provided significantly higher CD146 expression than enzymatic digestion, and that expression was maintained until P20. The gene expression of p16, p21, and p53 of smumf cells did not change until P10 and SA-β-gal activity did not increase until P14. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that MCE 2-4 provided an optimal environment to isolate MSCs with quantity and quality from human whole UC tissue through secretion of various bioactive factors inherent to UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ah-Young Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 20 Boramae-ro 5-gil, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 07061, Korea
| | - Kwi-Hoon Jang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 20 Boramae-ro 5-gil, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 07061, Korea
| | - Chris Hyunchul Jo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 20 Boramae-ro 5-gil, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 07061, Korea.
- Department of Translational Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea.
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Platelet Lysate for Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Culture in the Canine and Equine Species: Analogous but Not the Same. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12020189. [PMID: 35049811 PMCID: PMC8773277 DOI: 10.3390/ani12020189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Regenerative medicine using platelet-based blood products or adult stem cells offers the prospect of better clinical outcomes with many diseases. In veterinary medicine, most progress has been made with the development and therapeutic use of these regenerative therapeutics in horses, but the clinical need is given in dogs as well. Our aim was to transfer previous advances in the development of horse regenerative therapeutics, specifically the use of platelet lysate for feeding stem cell cultures, to the dog. Here, we describe the scalable production of canine platelet lysate, which could be used in regenerative biological therapies. We also evaluated the canine platelet lysate for its suitability in feeding canine stem cell cultures in comparison to equine platelet lysate used for equine stem cell cultures. Platelet lysate production from canine blood was successful, but the platelet lysate did not support stem cell culture in dogs in the same beneficial way observed with the equine platelet lysate and stem cells. In conclusion, canine platelet lysate can be produced in large scales as described here, but further research is needed to improve the cultivation of canine stem cells. Abstract Platelet lysate (PL) is an attractive platelet-based therapeutic tool and has shown promise as xeno-free replacement for fetal bovine serum (FBS) in human and equine mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) culture. Here, we established a scalable buffy-coat-based protocol for canine PL (cPL) production (n = 12). The cPL was tested in canine adipose MSC (n = 5) culture compared to FBS. For further comparison, equine adipose MSC (n = 5) were cultured with analogous equine PL (ePL) or FBS. During canine blood processing, platelet and transforming growth factor-β1 concentrations increased (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001), while white blood cell concentrations decreased (p < 0.05). However, while equine MSC showed good results when cultured with 10% ePL, canine MSC cultured with 2.5% or 10% cPL changed their morphology and showed decreased metabolic activity (p < 0.05). Apoptosis and necrosis in canine MSC were increased with 2.5% cPL (p < 0.05). Surprisingly, passage 5 canine MSC showed less genetic aberrations after culture with 10% cPL than with FBS. Our data reveal that using analogous canine and equine biologicals does not entail the same results. The buffy-coat-based cPL was not adequate for canine MSC culture, but may still be useful for therapeutic applications.
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Wang L, Wang X, Liang R, Wang S, Cao J. A Comparison of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Human Adipose Tissues by Resection and by Liposuction. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2022. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.31.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Le Wang
- Organ Transplant Center, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Nankai University
| | - Xingqiang Wang
- Organ Transplant Center, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Nankai University
| | - Rui Liang
- Organ Transplant Center, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Nankai University
| | - Shusen Wang
- Organ Transplant Center, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Nankai University
| | - Jinglin Cao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University
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Species variations in tenocytes' response to inflammation require careful selection of animal models for tendon research. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12451. [PMID: 34127759 PMCID: PMC8203623 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91914-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
For research on tendon injury, many different animal models are utilized; however, the extent to which these species simulate the clinical condition and disease pathophysiology has not yet been critically evaluated. Considering the importance of inflammation in tendon disease, this study compared the cellular and molecular features of inflammation in tenocytes of humans and four common model species (mouse, rat, sheep, and horse). While mouse and rat tenocytes most closely equalled human tenocytes’ low proliferation capacity and the negligible effect of inflammation on proliferation, the wound closure speed of humans was best approximated by rats and horses. The overall gene expression of human tenocytes was most similar to mice under healthy, to horses under transient and to sheep under constant inflammatory conditions. Humans were best matched by mice and horses in their tendon marker and collagen expression, by horses in extracellular matrix remodelling genes, and by rats in inflammatory mediators. As no single animal model perfectly replicates the clinical condition and sufficiently emulates human tenocytes, fit-for-purpose selection of the model species for each specific research question and combination of data from multiple species will be essential to optimize translational predictive validity.
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Al Naem M, Bourebaba L, Kucharczyk K, Röcken M, Marycz K. Therapeutic mesenchymal stromal stem cells: Isolation, characterization and role in equine regenerative medicine and metabolic disorders. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 16:301-322. [PMID: 31797146 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-019-09932-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) have become a popular treatment modality in equine orthopaedics. Regenerative therapies are especially interesting for pathologies like complicated tendinopathies of the distal limb, osteoarthritis, osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) and more recently metabolic disorders. Main sources for MSC harvesting in the horse are bone marrow, adipose tissue and umbilical cord blood. While the acquisition of umbilical cord blood is fairly easy and non-invasive, extraction of bone marrow and adipose tissue requires more invasive techniques. Characterization of the stem cells as a result of any isolation method, is also a crucial step for the confirmation of the cells' stemness properties; thus, three main characteristics must be fulfilled by these cells, namely: adherence, expression of a series of well-defined differentiation clusters as well as pluripotency. EVs, resulting from the paracrine action of MSCs, also play a key role in the therapeutic mechanisms mediated by stem cells; MSC-EVs are thus largely implicated in the regulation of proliferation, maturation, polarization and migration of various target cells. Evidence that EVs alone represent a complex network 0involving different soluble factors and could then reflect biophysical characteristics of parent cells has fuelled the importance of developing highly specific techniques for their isolation and analysis. All these aspects related to the functional and technical understanding of MSCs will be discussed and summarized in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Al Naem
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Equine Clinic - Equine Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University, 35392, Gießen, Germany
| | - Lynda Bourebaba
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland.,International Institute of Translational Medicine, Jesionowa, 11, Malin, 55-114, Wisznia Mała, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kucharczyk
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Michael Röcken
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Equine Clinic - Equine Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University, 35392, Gießen, Germany
| | - Krzysztof Marycz
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Equine Clinic - Equine Surgery, Justus-Liebig-University, 35392, Gießen, Germany. .,Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 27B, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland. .,International Institute of Translational Medicine, Jesionowa, 11, Malin, 55-114, Wisznia Mała, Poland.
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Hagen A, Lehmann H, Aurich S, Bauer N, Melzer M, Moellerberndt J, Patané V, Schnabel CL, Burk J. Scalable Production of Equine Platelet Lysate for Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Culture. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 8:613621. [PMID: 33553119 PMCID: PMC7859354 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.613621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Translation of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-based therapies is advancing in human and veterinary medicine. One critical issue is the in vitro culture of MSC before clinical use. Using fetal bovine serum (FBS) as supplement to the basal medium is still the gold standard for cultivation of many cell types including equine MSC. Alternatives are being explored, with substantial success using platelet lysate-supplemented media for human MSC. However, progress lags behind in the veterinary field. The aim of this study was to establish a scalable protocol for equine platelet lysate (ePL) production and to test the ePL in equine MSC culture. Whole blood was harvested into blood collection bags from 20 healthy horses. After checking sample materials for pathogen contamination, samples from 19 animals were included. Platelet concentrates were prepared using a buffy coat method. Platelets, platelet-derived growth factor BB, and transforming growth factor β1 concentrations were increased in the concentrates compared with whole blood or serum (p < 0.05), while white blood cells were reduced (p < 0.05). The concentrates were lysed using freeze/thaw cycles, which eliminated the cells while growth factor concentrations were maintained. Donor age negatively correlated with platelet and growth factor concentrations after processing (p < 0.05). Finally, all lysates were pooled and the ePL was evaluated as culture medium supplement in comparison with FBS, using adipose-derived MSC from four unrelated donor horses. MSC proliferated well in 10% FBS as well as in 10% ePL. However, using 5 or 2.5% ePL entailed highly inconsistent proliferation or loss of proliferation, with significant differences in generation times and confluencies (p < 0.05). MSC expressed the surface antigens CD90, CD44, and CD29, but CD73 and CD105 detection was low in all culture media. Adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation led to similar results in MSC from different culture media. The buffy coat method is useful to produce equine platelet concentrate with increased platelet and reduced white blood cell content in large scales. The ePL obtained supports MSC expansion similar as FBS when used at the same concentration (10%). Further investigations into equine MSC functionality in culture with ePL should follow.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hagen
- Equine Clinic (Surgery, Orthopedics), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - H Lehmann
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Small Animal Clinic, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - S Aurich
- Institute of Hygiene and Infectious Diseases of Animals, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - N Bauer
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Clinical Pathology and Clinical Pathophysiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - M Melzer
- Equine Clinic (Surgery, Orthopedics), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - J Moellerberndt
- Equine Clinic (Surgery, Orthopedics), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - V Patané
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Clinical Pathology and Clinical Pathophysiology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - C L Schnabel
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Immunology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - J Burk
- Equine Clinic (Surgery, Orthopedics), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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Migrating Myofibroblastic Iliotibial Band-Derived Fibroblasts Represent a Promising Cell Source for Ligament Reconstruction. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20081972. [PMID: 31013670 PMCID: PMC6514966 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The iliotibial band (ITB) is a suitable scaffold for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, providing a sufficient mechanical resistance to loading. Hence, ITB-derived fibroblasts attract interest for ligament tissue engineering but have so far not been characterized. This present study aimed at characterizing ITB fibroblasts before, during, and after emigration from cadaveric ITB explants to decipher the emigration behavior and to utilize their migratory capacity for seeding biomaterials. ITB and, for comparison, ACL tissues were assessed for the content of alpha smooth muscle actin (αSMA) expressing fibroblasts and degeneration. The cell survival and αSMA expression were monitored in explants used for cell isolation, monolayer, self-assembled ITB spheroids, and spheroids seeded in polyglycolic acid (PGA) scaffolds. The protein expression profile of targets typically expressed by ligamentocytes (collagen types I-III, elastin, lubricin, decorin, aggrecan, fibronectin, tenascin C, CD44, β1-integrins, vimentin, F-actin, αSMA, and vascular endothelial growth factor A [VEGFA]) was compared between ITB and ACL fibroblasts. A donor- and age-dependent differing percentage of αSMA positive cells could be detected, which was similar in ITB and ACL tissues despite the grade of degeneration being significantly higher in the ACL due to harvesting them from OA knees. ITB fibroblasts survived for several months in an explant culture, continuously forming monolayers with VEGFA and an increased αSMA expression. They shared their expression profile with ACL fibroblasts. αSMA decreased during the monolayer to spheroid/scaffold transition. Using self-assembled spheroids, the migratory capacity of reversible myofibroblastic ITB cells can be utilized for colonizing biomaterials for ACL tissue engineering and to support ligament healing.
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Dwivedi G, Chevrier A, Hoemann CD, Buschmann MD. Bone Marrow Progenitor Cells Isolated from Young Rabbit Trochlea Are More Numerous and Exhibit Greater Clonogenic, Chondrogenic, and Osteogenic Potential than Cells Isolated from Condyles. Cartilage 2018; 9:378-390. [PMID: 29156978 PMCID: PMC6139585 DOI: 10.1177/1947603517693044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bone marrow stimulation procedures initiate repair by fracturing or drilling subchondral bone at base of cartilaginous defect. Earlier studies have shown that defect location and animal age affect cartilage repair outcome, suggesting a strong influence of structural and biological characteristics of subchondral bone. Here, we analyzed comprehensive biological characteristics of bone marrow progenitor cells (BMPCs) in subchondral bone of young and old rabbit condyle and trochlea. We tested the hypothesis that in vitro biological properties of BMPCs are influenced by location, age of donor and method of their isolation. DESIGN In vitro biological properties, including cell yield, colony-forming unit fibroblasts (CFU-f), surface marker expression, and differentiation potential were determined. Comparisons were carried out between trochlea versus condyle and epiphyseal versus metaphyseal bone using old ( N = 5) and young animal knees ( N = 8) to generate collagenase and explant-derived BMPC cultures. RESULTS CFU-f, cell yield, expression of stem cell markers, and osteogenic differentiation were significantly superior for younger animals. Trochlear subchondral bone yielded the most progenitors with the highest clonogenic potential and cartilaginous matrix expression. Trochlear collagenase-derived BMPCs had higher clonogenic capacity than explant-derived ones. Epiphyseal cells generated a larger chondrogenic pellet mass than metaphyseal-derived BMPCs. All older pellet cultures and one non-responder young rabbit failed to accumulate glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). CONCLUSION Taken together, these results suggest that properties intrinsic to subchondral progenitors could significantly influence cartilage repair potential, and could partly explain variability in cartilage repair outcomes using same cartilage repair approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Dwivedi
- Biomedical Engineering Institute, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anik Chevrier
- Chemical Engineering Department, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Caroline D. Hoemann
- Biomedical Engineering Institute, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada,Chemical Engineering Department, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michael D. Buschmann
- Biomedical Engineering Institute, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada,Chemical Engineering Department, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada,Michael D. Buschmann, Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, PO Box 6079, Succ Centre-Ville, Montreal, Quebec, H3C 3A7, Canada.
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Evaluation of platelet lysate as a substitute for FBS in explant and enzymatic isolation methods of human umbilical cord MSCs. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12439. [PMID: 30127445 PMCID: PMC6102222 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30772-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have immense potential for cell-based therapy of acute and chronic pathological conditions. MSC transplantation for cell-based therapy requires a substantial number of cells in the range of 0.5–2.5 × 106 cells/kg body weight of an individual. A prolific source of MSCs followed by in vitro propagation is therefore an absolute prerequisite for clinical applications. Umbilical cord tissue (UCT) is an abundantly available prolific source of MSC that are fetal in nature and have higher potential for ex-vivo expansion. However, the ex-vivo expansion of MSCs using a xenogeneic supplement such as fetal bovine serum (FBS) carries the risk of transmission of zoonotic infections and immunological reactions. We used platelet lysate (PL) as a xeno-free, allogeneic replacement for FBS and compared the biological and functional characteristics of MSC processed and expanded with PL and FBS by explant and enzymatic method. UCT-MSCs expanded using PL displayed typical immunophenotype, plasticity, immunomodulatory property and chromosomal stability. PL supplementation also showed 2-fold increase in MSC yield from explant culture with improved immunomodulatory activity as compared to enzymatically dissociated cultures. In conclusion, PL from expired platelets is a viable alternative to FBS for generating clinically relevant numbers of MSC from explant cultures over enzymatic method.
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Barrachina L, Romero A, Zaragoza P, Rodellar C, Vázquez FJ. Practical considerations for clinical use of mesenchymal stem cells: From the laboratory to the horse. Vet J 2018; 238:49-57. [PMID: 30103915 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Since the clinical use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for treating musculoskeletal injuries is gaining popularity, practitioners should be aware of the factors that may affect MSCs from tissue harvesting for MSC isolation to cell delivery into the injury site. This review provides equine practitioners with up-to-date, practical knowledge for the treatment of equine patients using MSCs. A brief overview of laboratory procedures affecting MSCs is provided, but the main focus is on shipping conditions, routes of administration, injection methods, and which commonly used products can be combined with MSCs and which products should be avoided as they have deleterious effects on cells. There are still several knowledge gaps regarding MSC-based therapies in horses. Therefore, it is important to properly manage the factors which are currently known to affect MSCs, to further strengthen the evidence basis of this treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Barrachina
- Laboratorio de Genética Bioquímica LAGENBIO, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Servicio de Cirugía y Medicina Equina, Hospital Veterinario, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - A Romero
- Laboratorio de Genética Bioquímica LAGENBIO, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Servicio de Cirugía y Medicina Equina, Hospital Veterinario, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - P Zaragoza
- Laboratorio de Genética Bioquímica LAGENBIO, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Universidad de Zaragoza-Centro de Investigación y Tecnología de Aragón (CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - C Rodellar
- Laboratorio de Genética Bioquímica LAGENBIO, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Universidad de Zaragoza-Centro de Investigación y Tecnología de Aragón (CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - F J Vázquez
- Laboratorio de Genética Bioquímica LAGENBIO, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Servicio de Cirugía y Medicina Equina, Hospital Veterinario, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain.
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18
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Li J, Li H, Tian W. Isolation of Murine Adipose-Derived Stromal/Stem Cells Using an Explant Culture Method. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1773:167-171. [PMID: 29687389 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7799-4_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue provides valuable cell source for tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and adipose tissue biology studies. The most widely used adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) isolation protocol involves enzymatic digestion with collagenase. However, the yield of the method is poor even impossible to collect enough stromal vascular fraction (SVF) for expansion when the sample size is small, for instance only new born mice is available for cell culture. Here, we describe an efficient protocol for the isolation and expansion of ASCs using explant culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
- LaCell LLC, New Orleans, LA, USA
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weidong Tian
- National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Schubert S, Brehm W, Hillmann A, Burk J. Serum-free human MSC medium supports consistency in human but not in equine adipose-derived multipotent mesenchymal stromal cell culture. Cytometry A 2017; 93:60-72. [PMID: 28926198 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
For clinical applications of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), serum-free culture is preferable to standardize cell products and prevent contamination with pathogens. In contrast to human MSCs, knowledge on serum-free culture of large animal MSCs is limited, despite its relevance for preclinical studies and development of veterinary cellular therapeutics. This study aimed to evaluate the suitability of a commercially available serum-free human MSC medium for culturing equine adipose-derived MSCs in comparison with human adipose MSCs. Enzyme-free isolation by explant technique and expansion of equine and human cells in the serum-free medium were feasible. However, serum-free culture altered the morphology and complicated handling of equine MSCs, with cell aggregation and spontaneous detachment of multilayers, compared to culture in standard medium supplemented with fetal bovine serum. Furthermore, proliferation and the surface immunophenotype of equine cells were more variable compared to the controls and appeared to depend on the lot of the serum-free medium. Particularly the expression of CD90 was different between experimental groups (P < 0.05), with lower percentages of CD90+ cells found in equine MSC samples cultured in serum-free medium (5.21-83.40%) compared to standard medium (86.20-99.50%). Additionally, small subpopulations expressing MSC exclusion markers such as CD14 (0.28-11.60%), CD34 (0.00-9.87%), CD45 (0.35-10.50%), or MHCII (0.00-3.67%) were found in equine samples after serum-free culture. In contrast, human samples displayed a more consistent morphology and a consistent CD29+ (98.60-99.90%), CD73+ (94.60-98.40%), CD90+ (99.60-99.90%), and CD105+ (97.40-99.80%) immunophenotype after culture in serum-free medium. The obtained data demonstrate that the serum-free medium was suitable for human MSC culture but did not lead to entirely satisfactory results in equine MSCs. This underlines that requirements regarding serum-free culture conditions are species-specific, indicating a need for serum-free media to be optimized for MSCs from relevant animal species. © 2017 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Schubert
- Saxonian Incubator for Clinical Translation (SIKT), University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Straße 55, Leipzig 04103, Germany.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Physiology, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 7, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Walter Brehm
- Saxonian Incubator for Clinical Translation (SIKT), University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Straße 55, Leipzig 04103, Germany.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Large Animal Clinic for Surgery, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 21, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Aline Hillmann
- Saxonian Incubator for Clinical Translation (SIKT), University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Straße 55, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Janina Burk
- Saxonian Incubator for Clinical Translation (SIKT), University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Straße 55, Leipzig 04103, Germany.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Physiology, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 7, Leipzig 04103, Germany
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20
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Michler JK, Hillmann A, Savkovic V, Mülling CKW. Horse hair follicles: A novel dermal stem cell source for equine regenerative medicine. Cytometry A 2017; 93:104-114. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jule K. Michler
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Aline Hillmann
- Saxon Incubator for Clinical Translation; Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Vuk Savkovic
- Saxon Incubator for Clinical Translation; Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christoph K. W. Mülling
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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21
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Schneider S, Unger M, van Griensven M, Balmayor ER. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells from liposuction and resected fat are feasible sources for regenerative medicine. Eur J Med Res 2017; 22:17. [PMID: 28526089 PMCID: PMC5438493 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-017-0258-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in research and in regenerative medicine has progressed. Bone marrow as a source has drawbacks because of subsequent morbidities. An easily accessible and valuable source is adipose tissue. This type of tissue contains a high number of MSCs, and obtaining higher quantities of tissue is more feasible. Fat tissue can be harvested using different methods such as liposuction and resection. First, a detailed isolation protocol with complete characterization is described. This also includes highlighting problems and pitfalls. Furthermore, some comparisons of these different harvesting methods exist. However, the later characterization of the cells is conducted poorly in most cases. METHODS We performed an in-depth characterization over five passages including an investigation of the effect of freezing and thawing. Characterization was performed using flow cytometry with CD markers, metabolic activity with Alamar Blue, growth potential in between passages, and cytoskeleton staining. RESULTS Our results show that the cells isolated with distinct isolation methods (solid versus liposuction "liquid") have the same MSC potential. However, the percentage of cells positive for the markers CD73, CD90, and CD105 is initially quite low. The cells isolated from the liquid fat tissue grow faster at higher passages, and significantly more cells display MSC markers. CONCLUSION In summary, we show a simple and efficient method to isolate adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells from different preparations. Liposuctions and resection can be used, whereas liposuction has more growth potential at higher passages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Schneider
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.
| | - Marina Unger
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Martijn van Griensven
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Elizabeth R Balmayor
- Experimental Trauma Surgery, Department of Trauma Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Strasse 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
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22
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Ribitsch I, Chang-Rodriguez S, Egerbacher M, Gabner S, Gueltekin S, Huber J, Schuster T, Jenner F. Sheep Placenta Cotyledons: A Noninvasive Source of Ovine Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2017; 23:298-310. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2017.0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Iris Ribitsch
- Department for Companion Animals and Horses, Equine Clinic, Vetmeduni Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Souyet Chang-Rodriguez
- Department for Companion Animals and Horses, Equine Clinic, Vetmeduni Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Egerbacher
- Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Vetmeduni Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Simone Gabner
- Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Vetmeduni Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sinan Gueltekin
- Department for Companion Animals and Horses, Equine Clinic, Vetmeduni Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johann Huber
- Teaching and Research Farm Kremesberg, Vetmeduni Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Therese Schuster
- Department for Companion Animals and Horses, Equine Clinic, Vetmeduni Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florien Jenner
- Department for Companion Animals and Horses, Equine Clinic, Vetmeduni Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Fan X, Zhu L, Wang K, Wang B, Wu Y, Xie W, Huang C, Chan BP, Du Y. Stiffness-Controlled Thermoresponsive Hydrogels for Cell Harvesting with Sustained Mechanical Memory. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6. [PMID: 28105774 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201601152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Most mechanobiological investigations focused on in situ mechanical regulation of cells on stiffness-controlled substrates with few downstream applications, as it is still challenging to harvest and expand mechanically primed cells by enzymatic digestion (e.g., trypsin) without interrupting cellular mechanical memory between passages. This study develops thermoresponsive hydrogels with controllable stiffness to generate mechanically primed cells with intact mechanical memory for augmented wound healing. No significant cellular property alteration of the fibroblasts primed on thermoresponsive hydrogels with varied stiffness has been observed through thermoresponsive harvesting. When reseeding the harvested cells for further evaluation, softer hydrogels are proven to better sustain the mechanical priming effects compared to rigid tissue culture plate, which indicates that both the stiffness-controlled substrate and thermoresponsive harvesting are required to sustain cellular mechanical memory between passages. Moreover, epigenetics analysis reveals that thermoresponsive harvesting could reduce the rearrangement and loss of chromatin proteins compared to that of trypsinization. In vivo wound healing using mechanically primed fibroblasts shows featured epithelium and sebaceous glands, which indicates augmented skin recovery compared with trypsinized fibroblasts. Thus, the thermoresponsive hydrogel-based cell harvesting system offers a powerful tool to investigate mechanobiology between cell passages and produces abundant cells with tailored mechanical priming properties for cell-based applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingliang Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; School of Medicine; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
- Joint Center for Life Sciences; Tsinghua University-Peking University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Lu Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; School of Medicine; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
- Institute of Medical Equipment; Academy of Military Medical Sciences; Tianjin 300161 China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Chemistry; School of Science; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Bingjie Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; School of Medicine; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
- School of Life Science; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Yaozu Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; School of Medicine; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Wei Xie
- Joint Center for Life Sciences; Tsinghua University-Peking University; Beijing 100084 China
- School of Life Science; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Chengyu Huang
- Department of Plastic; Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery; Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital; Tsinghua University; Beijing 102218 China
| | - Barbara Pui Chan
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory; Department of Mechanical Engineering; The University of Hong Kong; Pokfulam Road Hong Kong Special Administrative Region China
| | - Yanan Du
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; School of Medicine; Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
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Páll E, Florea A, Soriţău O, Cenariu M, Petruţiu AS, Roman A. Comparative Assessment of Oral Mesenchymal Stem Cells Isolated from Healthy and Diseased Tissues. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2015; 21:1249-1263. [PMID: 26315895 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927615014749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to isolate human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from palatal connective and periodontal granulation tissues and to comparatively evaluate their properties. MSCs were isolated using the explant culture method. Adherence to plastic, specific antigen makeup, multipotent differentiation potential, functionality, and ultrastructural characteristics were investigated. The frequency of colony-forming unit fibroblasts for palatal-derived mesenchymal stem cells (pMSCs) was significantly higher than that of granulation tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (gtMSCs). A significantly higher population doubling time and lower migration potential were recorded for gtMSCs than for pMSCs. Both cell lines were positive for CD105, CD73, CD90, CD44, and CD49f, and negative for CD34, CD45, and HLA-DR, but the level of expression was different. MSCs from both sources were relatively uniform in their ultrastructure. Generally, both cell lines possessed a large, irregular-shaped euchromatic nucleus, and cytoplasm rich in mitochondria, lysosomes, and endoplasmic reticulum. The periphery of the plasma membrane displayed many small filopodia. MSCs from both cell lines were successfully differentiated into osteogenic, adiopogenic, and chondrogenic lineages. Both healthy and diseased tissues may be considered as valuable sources of MSCs for regenerative medicine owing to the high acceptance and fewer complications during harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emöke Páll
- 1Department of Reproduction,Obstetrics and Veterinary Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine,3-5 Mănăştur St.,400372 Cluj-Napoca,Romania
| | - Adrian Florea
- 3Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine,"Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy,6 L. Pasteur St.,400349 Cluj-Napoca,Romania
| | - Olga Soriţău
- 4Laboratory of Radiotherapy, Tumor and Radiobiology,Prof. Dr. "Ion Chiricuţă" Oncology Institute,34-36 I. Creangă St.,400015 Cluj-Napoca,Romania
| | - Mihai Cenariu
- 1Department of Reproduction,Obstetrics and Veterinary Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine,3-5 Mănăştur St.,400372 Cluj-Napoca,Romania
| | - Adrian S Petruţiu
- 2Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine,"Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy,15 V. Babeş St.,400012 Cluj-Napoca,Romania
| | - Alexandra Roman
- 2Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine,"Iuliu Haţieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy,15 V. Babeş St.,400012 Cluj-Napoca,Romania
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Hopper N, Henson F, Brooks R, Ali E, Rushton N, Wardale J. Peripheral blood derived mononuclear cells enhance osteoarthritic human chondrocyte migration. Arthritis Res Ther 2015; 17:199. [PMID: 26249339 PMCID: PMC4528856 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-015-0709-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction A major problem in cartilage repair is the lack of chondrogenic cells migrating from healthy tissue into defects. Cartilage is essentially avascular and therefore its healing is not considered to involve mononuclear cells. Peripheral blood derived mononuclear cells (PBMC) offer a readily available autologous cell source for clinical use and therefore this study was designed to evaluate the effects of PBMCs on chondrocytes and cartilage. Methods Human primary chondrocytes and cartilage tissue explants were taken from patients undergoing total knee replacement (n = 17). Peripheral blood samples were obtained from healthy volunteers (n = 12) and mononuclear cells were isolated by density-gradient centrifugation. Cell migration and chemokinetic potential were measured using a scratch assay, xCELLigence and CyQuant assay. PCR array and quantitative PCR was used to evaluate mRNA expression of 87 cell motility and/or chondrogenic genes. Results The chondrocyte migration rate was 2.6 times higher at 3 hour time point (p < 0.0001) and total number of migrating chondrocytes was 9.7 times higher (p < 0.0001) after three day indirect PBMC stimulus and 8.2 times higher (p < 0.0001) after three day direct co-culture with PBMCs. A cartilage explant model confirmed that PBMCs also exert a chemokinetic role on ex vivo tissue. PBMC stimulation was found to significantly upregulate the mRNA levels of 2 chondrogenic genes; collagen type II (COL2A1 600–fold, p < 0.0001) and SRY box 9 (SOX9 30–fold, p < 0.0001) and the mRNA levels of 7 genes central in cell motility and migration were differentially regulated by 24h PBMC stimulation. Conclusion The results support the concept that PBMC treatment enhances chondrocyte migration without suppressing the chondrogenic phenotype possibly via mechanistic pathways involving MMP9 and IGF1. In the future, peripheral blood mononuclear cells could be used as an autologous point-ofcare treatment to attract native chondrocytes from the diseased tissue to aid in cartilage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niina Hopper
- Division of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, BC2 0QQ, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Frances Henson
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, CB3 0ES, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Roger Brooks
- Division of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, BC2 0QQ, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Erden Ali
- Division of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, BC2 0QQ, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Neil Rushton
- Division of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, BC2 0QQ, Cambridge, UK.
| | - John Wardale
- Division of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, BC2 0QQ, Cambridge, UK.
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Zhang N, Dietrich MA, Lopez MJ. Therapeutic doses of multipotent stromal cells from minimal adipose tissue. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2015; 10:600-11. [PMID: 24850472 PMCID: PMC4127443 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-014-9508-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Low yield of adult adipose-derived multipotent stromal cells (ASC) can limit autologous cell therapy in individuals with minimal adipose tissue. In this study, ASC isolation was optimized from approximately 0.2 g of feline epididymal adipose tissue for a treatment dose of 106–107 ASCs/kg. The ASC yield was determined for three digestions, 0.1 % collagenase in medium for 30 min (Classic), 0.3 % collagenase in buffer for 30 min (New) and 0.3 % collagenase in buffer for 1 h (Hour). After isolation by the new tissue digestion, continuously cultured ASCs (fresh) and cells recovered and expanded after cryostorage at P0 (revitalized) were characterized up to cell passage (P) 5. Outcomes included CD9, CD29, CD44, CD90 and CD105 expression, cell doublings and doubling times, fibroblastic, adipogenic and osteogenic colony forming unit (CFU) frequency percentages and lineage-specific target gene expression after induction. The New digestion had the highest CFU yield, and about 7x106 ASCs/kg were available within three cell passages (P2). Compared to earlier passages, target surface antigen expression was lowest in fresh P5 cells, and fresh and revitalized P3–5 cells had slower expansion. Fresh and revitalized P1 ASCs had higher CFU frequency percentages and lineage-specific gene expression than P3. The New method described in this study was most efficient for feline epididymal ASC isolation and did not alter in vitro cell behavior. Fresh and revitalized P0-P2 feline ASCs may be most effective for preclinical and clinical trials. This study offers a potential option for ASC isolation from limited adipose tissue resources across species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- Laboratory for Equine and Comparative Orthopedic Research, Equine Health Studies Program, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
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Lomas A, Ryan C, Sorushanova A, Shologu N, Sideri A, Tsioli V, Fthenakis G, Tzora A, Skoufos I, Quinlan L, O'Laighin G, Mullen A, Kelly J, Kearns S, Biggs M, Pandit A, Zeugolis D. The past, present and future in scaffold-based tendon treatments. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 84:257-77. [PMID: 25499820 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 11/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tendon injuries represent a significant clinical burden on healthcare systems worldwide. As the human population ages and the life expectancy increases, tendon injuries will become more prevalent, especially among young individuals with long life ahead of them. Advancements in engineering, chemistry and biology have made available an array of three-dimensional scaffold-based intervention strategies, natural or synthetic in origin. Further, functionalisation strategies, based on biophysical, biochemical and biological cues, offer control over cellular functions; localisation and sustained release of therapeutics/biologics; and the ability to positively interact with the host to promote repair and regeneration. Herein, we critically discuss current therapies and emerging technologies that aim to transform tendon treatments in the years to come.
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Stanco D, Viganò M, Perucca Orfei C, Di Giancamillo A, Peretti GM, Lanfranchi L, de Girolamo L. Multidifferentiation potential of human mesenchymal stem cells from adipose tissue and hamstring tendons for musculoskeletal cell-based therapy. Regen Med 2015; 10:729-43. [PMID: 25565145 DOI: 10.2217/rme.14.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) have been deeply characterized for their usefulness in musculoskeletal tissue regeneration; recently, other mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) sources have also been proposed. This study compares for the first time human tendon stem/progenitor cells isolated from hamstring tendons with human ASCs. MATERIALS & METHODS Human TSPCs and ASCs were isolated from hamstring tendon portions and adipose tissue of healthy donors undergoing ACL reconstruction or liposuction, respectively (n = 7). Clonogenic ability, immunophenotype and multi-differentiation potential were assessed and compared. RESULTS Both populations showed similar proliferation and clonogenic ability and expressed embryonic stem cell genes and MSC surface markers. Tendon stem/progenitor cells showed lower adipogenic and osteogenic ability, but after the chondrogenic differentiation, they produced more abundant glycosaminoglycans and expressed higher levels of aggrecan with regards to ASCs. The tenogenic induction with BMP-12 upregulated SCX and DCN gene expression in both populations. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that waste hamstring tendon fragments could represent a convenient MSC source for musculoskeletal regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Stanco
- Orthopaedics Biotechnology Lab, IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute, Via R. Galeazzi 4, 20161 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Viganò
- Orthopaedics Biotechnology Lab, IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute, Via R. Galeazzi 4, 20161 Milan, Italy
| | - Carlotta Perucca Orfei
- Orthopaedics Biotechnology Lab, IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute, Via R. Galeazzi 4, 20161 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Giuseppe M Peretti
- IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute, Via R Galeazzi 4, 20161 Milan, Italy.,Biomedical Science for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Luciano Lanfranchi
- IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute, Via R Galeazzi 4, 20161 Milan, Italy
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Calcium-sensing receptor-mediated osteogenic and early-stage neurogenic differentiation in umbilical cord matrix mesenchymal stem cells from a large animal model. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111533. [PMID: 25379789 PMCID: PMC4224416 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Umbilical cord matrix mesenchymal stem cells (UCM-MSCs) present a wide range of potential therapeutical applications. The extracellular calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) regulates physiological and pathological processes. We investigated, in a large animal model, the involvement of CaSR in triggering osteogenic and neurogenic differentiation of two size-sieved UCM-MSC lines, by using AMG641, a novel potent research calcimimetic acting as CaSR agonist. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Large (>8 µm in diameter) and small (<8 µm) equine UCM-MSC lines were cultured in medium with high calcium (Ca2+) concentration ([Ca2+]o; 2.87 mM) and dose-response effects of AMG641 (0.01 to 3µM) on cell proliferation were evaluated. Both cell lines were then cultured in osteogenic or neurogenic differentiation medium containing: 1) low [Ca2+]o (0.37 mM); 2) high [Ca2+]o (2.87 mM); 3) AMG641 (0.05, 0.1 or 1 µM) with high [Ca2+]o and 4) the CaSR antagonist NPS2390 (10 mM for 30 min) followed by incubation with AMG641 in high [Ca2+]o. Expression of osteogenic or neurogenic differentiation biomarkers was compared among groups. In both cell lines, AMG641 dose-dependently increased cell proliferation (up to P<0.001). Osteogenic molecular markers expression was differentially regulated by AMG641, with stimulatory (OPN up-regulation) in large or inhibitory (RUNX2 and OPN down-regulation) effects in small cells, respectively. AMG641 significantly increased alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium phosphate deposition in both cell lines. Following treatment with AMG641 during osteogenic differentiation, in both cell lines CaSR expression was inversely related to that of osteogenic markers and inhibition of CaSR by NPS2390 blocked AMG641-dependent responses. Early-stage neurogenic differentiation was promoted/triggered by AMG641 in both cell lines, as Nestin and CaSR mRNA transcription up-regulation were observed. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Calcium- and AMG641-induced CaSR stimulation promoted in vitro proliferation and osteogenic and early-stage neurogenic differentiation of UCM-MSCs. CaSR activation may play a fundamental role in selecting specific differentiation checkpoints of these two differentiation routes, as related to cell commitment status.
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Lopez MJ, Jarazo J. State of the art: stem cells in equine regenerative medicine. Equine Vet J 2014; 47:145-54. [PMID: 24957845 DOI: 10.1111/evj.12311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
According to Greek mythology, Prometheus' liver grew back nightly after it was removed each day by an eagle as punishment for giving mankind fire. Hence, contrary to popular belief, the concept of tissue and organ regeneration is not new. In the early 20th century, cell culture and ex vivo organ preservation studies by Alexis Carrel, some with famed aviator Charles Lindbergh, established a foundation for much of modern regenerative medicine. While early beliefs and discoveries foreshadowed significant accomplishments in regenerative medicine, advances in knowledge within numerous scientific disciplines, as well as nano- and micromolecular level imaging and detection technologies, have contributed to explosive advances over the last 20 years. Virtually limitless preparations, combinations and applications of the 3 major components of regenerative medicine, namely cells, biomaterials and bioactive molecules, have created a new paradigm of future therapeutic options for most species. It is increasingly clear, however, that despite significant parallels among and within species, there is no 'one-size-fits-all' regenerative therapy. Likewise, a panacea has yet to be discovered that completely reverses the consequences of time, trauma and disease. Nonetheless, there is no question that the promise and potential of regenerative medicine have forever altered medical practices. The horse is a relative newcomer to regenerative medicine applications, yet there is already a large body of work to incorporate novel regenerative therapies into standard care. This review focuses on the current state and potential future of stem cells in equine regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Lopez
- Laboratory for Equine and Comparative Orthopedic Research, Equine Health Studies Program, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, USA
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