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Felmingham CM, Adler NR, Ge Z, Morton RL, Janda M, Mar VJ. The Importance of Incorporating Human Factors in the Design and Implementation of Artificial Intelligence for Skin Cancer Diagnosis in the Real World. Am J Clin Dermatol 2021; 22:233-242. [PMID: 33354741 DOI: 10.1007/s40257-020-00574-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms have been shown to diagnose skin lesions with impressive accuracy in experimental settings. The majority of the literature to date has compared AI and dermatologists as opponents in skin cancer diagnosis. However, in the real-world clinical setting, the clinician will work in collaboration with AI. Existing evidence regarding the integration of such AI diagnostic tools into clinical practice is limited. Human factors, such as cognitive style, personality, experience, preferences, and attitudes may influence clinicians' use of AI. In this review, we consider these human factors and the potential cognitive errors, biases, and unintended consequences that could arise when using an AI skin cancer diagnostic tool in the real world. Integrating this knowledge in the design and implementation of AI technology will assist in ensuring that the end product can be used effectively. Dermatologist leadership in the development of these tools will further improve their clinical relevance and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire M Felmingham
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Victorian Melanoma Service, Alfred Hospital, 55 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.
| | - Nikki R Adler
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Zongyuan Ge
- Monash eResearch Centre, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
- Department of Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Monash-Airdoc Research Centre, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rachael L Morton
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Monika Janda
- Centre for Health Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Victoria J Mar
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Victorian Melanoma Service, Alfred Hospital, 55 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
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Wang P, Wang J, Li Q. Cognitive mechanisms underlying interaction and contribution in online health communities: the perspectives of doctors and patients. ASLIB J INFORM MANAG 2021. [DOI: 10.1108/ajim-03-2020-0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PurposeActive interaction and knowledge contribution are vital yet challenging elements of the sustainable development of online health communities (OHCs). To investigate the cognitive mechanisms underlying these behaviours in doctors' and patients' use of OHCs, this study develops a theoretical model to examine the relationships among cognitive modes, patterns of interaction, perceived usefulness, and contribution behaviour and the impact of user identity on these relationships.Design/methodology/approachTo test the research hypotheses, structural equation modelling and multiple-group analysis were used to analyse survey data from 207 doctors and 213 patients.FindingsThe results indicate that dual processes and perceived usefulness are the key cognitive antecedents of interaction and knowledge contribution, respectively. However, the correlation of the rational mode and instrumental interaction is significantly stronger in the doctors' group than in the patients' group, while a stronger correlation between the experiential mode and instrumental interaction is observed in the patients' group.Practical implicationsThese findings support the development of information and system strategies to support the operation of dual processes underlying doctors' and patients' instrumental and affective interactions, facilitate evaluation and sense-making of interaction activities, and motivate knowledge contribution.Originality/valueThis study uncovers the invariance and variability in the relationships between salient cognitive activities and behavioural responses in doctors' and patients' use of OHCs and the impact of user identity on variability.
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Alexis Ruiz A, Wyszyńska PK, Laudanski K. Narrative Review of Decision-Making Processes in Critical Care. Anesth Analg 2019; 128:962-970. [DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000003683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Aldamiri KT, Alhusain FA, Almoamary A, Alshehri K, Al Jerian N. Clinical Decision-making among Emergency Physicians: Experiential or Rational? J Epidemiol Glob Health 2019; 8:65-68. [PMID: 30859790 PMCID: PMC7325819 DOI: 10.2991/j.jegh.2018.04.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been postulated that everyone has an affinity for one of two cognitive approaches: experiential (intuitive) or rational (conscious). The aim of this study was to analyze the thinking processes of Saudi emergency physicians at nine hospitals in Riyadh. This was a cross-sectional study, which was undertaken in Riyadh using a psychometric tool called the Rational–Experiential Inventory-40. The survey, sent by e-mail to 202 emergency physicians, had a 53% response rate. Most respondents were male (86%). The total surveyed participants included consultants (36%), associate consultants (19%), registrars, fellow or staff physicians (7%), and residents (38%). The results found a mean (standard deviation) score of 3.73 (0.51) for rational approaches to decision-making and 3.09 (0.45) for experiential approaches among the emergency physicians surveyed. The difference of 0.46 between the two scores was not statistically significant (p = 0.23). Female emergency physicians tended toward slower logical thinking (rational). Consultant emergency physicians had a higher score for fast intuitive automatic thinking (experiential) than nonconsultant physicians. This was statistically significant, t105 = 2.1, p = 0.4. Our results suggest that although both thinking styles are used in clinical decision-making, consultant emergency physicians prefer rational approaches to decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Talal Aldamiri
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Ahmed Alhusain
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal Almoamary
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Ministry of National Guard - Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Alshehri
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawfal Al Jerian
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Ministry of National Guard - Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Alshaalan AA, Alharbi MK, Alattas KA. Preference of cognitive approaches for decision making among anesthesiologists' in Saudi Arabia. Saudi J Anaesth 2019; 13:191-196. [PMID: 31333362 PMCID: PMC6625279 DOI: 10.4103/sja.sja_792_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: The aim of this study was to analyze the thinking processes of anesthesia physicians at in Riyadh, Jeddah, and Dammam cities in Saudi Arabia. Subjects and Methods: This cross-sectional study was undertaken in the cities of Riyadh, Jeddah, and Dammam in Saudi Arabia. Using a previously published psychometric tool (the Rational and Experiential Inventory, REI-40), the survey was sent through email and social networks to anesthesia physicians working in the targeted hospitals. An initial survey was sent out, followed by a reminder and a second survey to nonrespondents. Analysis included descriptive statistics and Student's t-tests. Results: Most of the participants (69.2%) were males. At the time of the study, 35% of participants were consultants; 9.6% were associate consultants; 19.2% were registrars, fellows, or staff physicians; and 35.8% were senior residents. Anesthesia physicians’ mean “rational” score was 3.22 [standard deviation (SD) =0.49)] and their mean “experiential” score was 3.01 (SD = 0.31). According to Pearson's correlation, the difference of 0.21 between these two scores was not statistically significant (P = 0.35). Male anesthesia physicians tended more toward faster, logical thinking. Consultant anesthesia physicians had faster rational thinking than nonconsultant physicians (P = 0.01). Anesthesia physicians with more than 10 years in practice had faster rational thinking than physicians who had worked for fewer than 10 years (P = 0.001). Conclusions: This study evaluated anesthesia physicians’ general decision-making approaches. Despite the fact that both rational and experiential techniques are used in clinical decision-making, male consultants and physicians with more than 10 years’ experience and certified non-Saudi board anesthesiologists prefer rational decision-making style.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anas Alshaalan Alshaalan
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed K Alharbi
- Anaesthesia Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled A Alattas
- Anaesthesia Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Williams CR, McLaughlin JE, Cox WC, Shepherd G. Relationship between Student Pharmacist Decision Making Preferences and Experiential Learning. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION 2016; 80:119. [PMID: 27756927 PMCID: PMC5066922 DOI: 10.5688/ajpe807119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Objective. To determine if student pharmacists' preferences towards experiential and rational thinking are associated with performance on advanced pharmacy practice experiences (APPEs) and whether thinking style preference changes following APPEs. Methods. The Rational Experiential Inventory (REI), a validated survey of thinking style, was administered to student pharmacists before starting APPEs and re-administered after completing APPEs. APPE grades were compared to initial REI scores. Results. Rational Experiential Inventory scores remained consistent before and after APPEs. Overall, APPE grades were independent of REI scores. In a regression model, the REI experiential score was a significant negative predictor of hospital APPE grades. Conclusion. These findings suggest that overall APPE performance is independent of decision-making preference, and decision-making style does not change following immersion into APPEs. Instead of targeting teaching strategies towards a specific decision-making style, preceptors may use pedagogical approaches that promote sound clinical decision-making skills through critical thinking and reflection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlene R. Williams
- University of North Carolina Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Asheville Campus, Asheville, North Carolina
| | | | - Wendy C. Cox
- University of North Carolina Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Greene Shepherd
- University of North Carolina Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Asheville Campus, Asheville, North Carolina
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Lesuis N, den Broeder AA, Hulscher MEJL, van Vollenhoven RF. Practice what you preach? An exploratory multilevel study on rheumatoid arthritis guideline adherence by rheumatologists. RMD Open 2016; 2:e000195. [PMID: 27252892 PMCID: PMC4879343 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2015-000195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To assess variation in and determinants of rheumatologist guideline adherence in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), in daily practice. Methods In this retrospective observational study, guideline adherence in the first year of treatment was assessed for 7 predefined parameters on diagnostics, treatment and follow-up in all adult patients with RA with a first outpatient clinic visit at the study centre, from September 2009 to March 2011. Variation in guideline adherence was assessed on parameter and rheumatologist level. Determinants for guideline adherence were assessed in patients (demographic characteristics, rheumatoid factor (RF) and/or anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody (aCCP) positivity, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, erosive disease, comorbidity and the number of available disease modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD) treatment options) and rheumatologists (demographic and practice characteristics, guideline knowledge and agreement, outcome expectancy, cognitive bias, thinking style, numeracy and personality). Results A total of 994 visits in 137 patients with RA were reviewed. Variation in guideline adherence among parameters was present (adherence between 21% and 72%), with referral to the physician assistant as lowest scoring and referral to a specialised nurse as highest scoring parameter. Variation in guideline adherence among rheumatologists was also present (adherence between 22% and 100%). Patient sex, the number of DMARD options, presence of erosions, comorbidity, RF/aCCP positivity, type of patient and the rheumatologists' scientific education status were associated with adherence to 1 or more guideline parameters. Conclusions Guideline adherence varied considerably among the guideline parameters and rheumatologists, showing that there is room for improvement. Guideline adherence in our sample was related to several patient and rheumatologist determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Lesuis
- Department of Rheumatology , Sint Maartenskliniek , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | - A A den Broeder
- Department of Rheumatology , Sint Maartenskliniek , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | - M E J L Hulscher
- IQ Healthcare, Radboud University Medical Centre , Nijmegen , The Netherlands
| | - R F van Vollenhoven
- Unit for Clinical Therapy Research , Inflammatory Diseases (ClinTRID), Karolinska Institute , Stockholm , Sweden
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A Survey to Determine Decision-Making Styles of Working Paramedics and Student Paramedics. CAN J EMERG MED 2016; 18:213-22. [PMID: 26832320 DOI: 10.1017/cem.2015.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Two major processes underlie human decision-making: experiential (intuitive) and rational (conscious) thinking. The predominant thinking process used by working paramedics and student paramedics to make clinical decisions is unknown. METHODS A survey was administered to ground ambulance paramedics and to primary care paramedic students. The survey included demographic questions and the Rational Experiential Inventory-40, a validated psychometric tool involving 40 questions. Twenty questions evaluated each thinking style: 10 assessed preference and 10 assessed ability to use that style. Responses were provided on a five-point Likert scale, with higher scores indicating higher affinity for the style in question. Analysis included both descriptive statistics and t tests to evaluate differences in thinking style. RESULTS The response rate was 88.4% (1172/1326). Paramedics (n=904) had a median age of 36 years (IQR 29-42) and most were male (69.5%) and primary or advanced care paramedics (PCP=55.5%; ACP=32.5%). Paramedic students (n=268) had a median age of 23 years (IQR 21-26), most were male (63.1%) and had completed high school (31.7%) or an undergraduate degree (25.4%) prior to paramedic training. Both groups scored their ability to use and favourability toward rational thinking significantly higher than experiential thinking. The mean score for rational thinking was 3.86/5 among paramedics and 3.97/5 among paramedic students (p<0.001). The mean score for experiential thinking was 3.41/5 among paramedics and 3.35/5 among paramedic students (p=0.06). CONCLUSION Working paramedics and student paramedics prefer and perceive that they have the ability to use rational over experiential thinking. This information adds to our current knowledge on paramedic decision-making and is potentially important for developing continuing education and clinical support tools.
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McLaughlin JE, Cox WC, Williams CR, Shepherd G. Rational and experiential decision-making preferences of third-year student pharmacists. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL EDUCATION 2014; 78:120. [PMID: 25147392 PMCID: PMC4140486 DOI: 10.5688/ajpe786120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the rational (systematic and rule-based) and experiential (fast and intuitive) decision-making preferences of student pharmacists, and to compare these preferences to the preferences of other health professionals and student populations. METHODS The Rational-Experiential Inventory (REI-40), a validated psychometric tool, was administered electronically to 114 third-year (P3) student pharmacists. Student demographics and preadmission data were collected. The REI-40 results were compared with student demographics and admissions data to identify possible correlations between these factors. RESULTS Mean REI-40 rational scores were higher than experiential scores. Rational scores for younger students were significantly higher than students aged 30 years and older (p<0.05). No significant differences were found based on gender, race, or the presence of a prior degree. All correlations between REI-40 scores and incoming grade point average (GPA) and Pharmacy College Admission Test (PCAT) scores were weak. CONCLUSION Student pharmacists favored rational decision making over experiential decision making, which was similar to results of studies done of other health professions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline E. McLaughlin
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Wendy C. Cox
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Charlene R. Williams
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Asheville, North Carolina
| | - Greene Shepherd
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Asheville, North Carolina
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Brown B(B, Young J, Smith DP, Kneebone AB, Brooks AJ, Xhilaga M, Dominello A, O’Connell DL, Haines M. Clinician-led improvement in cancer care (CLICC)--testing a multifaceted implementation strategy to increase evidence-based prostate cancer care: phased randomised controlled trial--study protocol. Implement Sci 2014; 9:64. [PMID: 24884877 PMCID: PMC4048539 DOI: 10.1186/1748-5908-9-64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical practice guidelines have been widely developed and disseminated with the aim of improving healthcare processes and patient outcomes but the uptake of evidence-based practice remains haphazard. There is a need to develop effective implementation methods to achieve large-scale adoption of proven innovations and recommended care. Clinical networks are increasingly being viewed as a vehicle through which evidence-based care can be embedded into healthcare systems using a collegial approach to agree on and implement a range of strategies within hospitals. In Australia, the provision of evidence-based care for men with prostate cancer has been identified as a high priority. Clinical audits have shown that fewer than 10% of patients in New South Wales (NSW) Australia at high risk of recurrence after radical prostatectomy receive guideline recommended radiation treatment following surgery. This trial will test a clinical network-based intervention to improve uptake of guideline recommended care for men with high-risk prostate cancer. METHODS/DESIGN In Phase I, a phased randomised cluster trial will test a multifaceted intervention that harnesses the NSW Agency for Clinical Innovation (ACI) Urology Clinical Network to increase evidence-based care for men with high-risk prostate cancer following surgery. The intervention will be introduced in nine NSW hospitals over 10 months using a stepped wedge design. Outcome data (referral to radiation oncology for discussion of adjuvant radiotherapy in line with guideline recommended care or referral to a clinical trial of adjuvant versus salvage radiotherapy) will be collected through review of patient medical records. In Phase II, mixed methods will be used to identify mechanisms of provider and organisational change. Clinicians' knowledge and attitudes will be assessed through surveys. Process outcome measures will be assessed through document review. Semi-structured interviews will be conducted to elucidate mechanisms of change. DISCUSSION The study will be one of the first randomised controlled trials to test the effectiveness of clinical networks to lead changes in clinical practice in hospitals treating patients with high-risk cancer. It will additionally provide direction regarding implementation strategies that can be effectively employed to encourage widespread adoption of clinical practice guidelines. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR): ACTRN12611001251910.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette (Bea) Brown
- Sax Institute, Haymarket, Australia
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Jane Young
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - David P Smith
- Cancer Research Division, Cancer Council NSW, Sydney, Australia
- Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Andrew B Kneebone
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Andrew J Brooks
- NSW Agency for Clinical Innovation, Sydney, Australia
- Westmead Private Hospital, Westmead, Australia
- Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Miranda Xhilaga
- Prostate Cancer Foundation of Australia, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Dianne L O’Connell
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
- Cancer Research Division, Cancer Council NSW, Sydney, Australia
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Mary Haines
- Sax Institute, Haymarket, Australia
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
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Djulbegovic B, Beckstead JW, Elqayam S, Reljic T, Hozo I, Kumar A, Cannon-Bowers J, Taylor S, Tsalatsanis A, Turner B, Paidas C. Evaluation of Physicians’ Cognitive Styles. Med Decis Making 2014; 34:627-37. [DOI: 10.1177/0272989x14525855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background. Patient outcomes critically depend on accuracy of physicians’ judgment, yet little is known about individual differences in cognitive styles that underlie physicians’ judgments. The objective of this study was to assess physicians’ individual differences in cognitive styles relative to age, experience, and degree and type of training. Methods. Physicians at different levels of training and career completed a web-based survey of 6 scales measuring individual differences in cognitive styles (maximizing v. satisficing, analytical v. intuitive reasoning, need for cognition, intolerance toward ambiguity, objectivism, and cognitive reflection). We measured psychometric properties (Cronbach’s α) of scales; relationship of age, experience, degree, and type of training; responses to scales; and accuracy on conditional inference task. Results. The study included 165 trainees and 56 attending physicians (median age 31 years; range 25–69 years). All 6 constructs showed acceptable psychometric properties. Surprisingly, we found significant negative correlation between age and satisficing ( r = −0.239; P = 0.017). Maximizing (willingness to engage in alternative search strategy) also decreased with age ( r = −0.220; P = 0.047). Number of incorrect inferences negatively correlated with satisficing ( r = −0.246; P = 0.014). Disposition to suppress intuitive responses was associated with correct responses on 3 of 4 inferential tasks. Trainees showed a tendency to engage in analytical thinking ( r = 0.265; P = 0.025), while attendings displayed inclination toward intuitive-experiential thinking ( r = 0.427; P = 0.046). However, trainees performed worse on conditional inference task. Conclusion. Physicians capable of suppressing an immediate intuitive response to questions and those scoring higher on rational thinking made fewer inferential mistakes. We found a negative correlation between age and maximizing: Physicians who were more advanced in their careers were less willing to spend time and effort in an exhaustive search for solutions. However, they appeared to have maintained their “mindware” for effective problem solving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Djulbegovic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Evidence-Based Medicine and Health Outcomes Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL (BD, TR, AK, ST, AT)
- Departments of Hematology and Health Outcomes and Behavior, Moffitt Cancer, Tampa, FL (BD)
- College of Nursing, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL (JWB)
- School of Applied Social Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK (SE)
- Department of Mathematics, Indiana University Northwest, Gary, IN (IH)
| | - Jason W. Beckstead
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Evidence-Based Medicine and Health Outcomes Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL (BD, TR, AK, ST, AT)
- Departments of Hematology and Health Outcomes and Behavior, Moffitt Cancer, Tampa, FL (BD)
- College of Nursing, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL (JWB)
- School of Applied Social Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK (SE)
- Department of Mathematics, Indiana University Northwest, Gary, IN (IH)
| | - Shira Elqayam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Evidence-Based Medicine and Health Outcomes Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL (BD, TR, AK, ST, AT)
- Departments of Hematology and Health Outcomes and Behavior, Moffitt Cancer, Tampa, FL (BD)
- College of Nursing, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL (JWB)
- School of Applied Social Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK (SE)
- Department of Mathematics, Indiana University Northwest, Gary, IN (IH)
| | - Tea Reljic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Evidence-Based Medicine and Health Outcomes Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL (BD, TR, AK, ST, AT)
- Departments of Hematology and Health Outcomes and Behavior, Moffitt Cancer, Tampa, FL (BD)
- College of Nursing, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL (JWB)
- School of Applied Social Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK (SE)
- Department of Mathematics, Indiana University Northwest, Gary, IN (IH)
| | - Iztok Hozo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Evidence-Based Medicine and Health Outcomes Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL (BD, TR, AK, ST, AT)
- Departments of Hematology and Health Outcomes and Behavior, Moffitt Cancer, Tampa, FL (BD)
- College of Nursing, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL (JWB)
- School of Applied Social Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK (SE)
- Department of Mathematics, Indiana University Northwest, Gary, IN (IH)
| | - Ambuj Kumar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Evidence-Based Medicine and Health Outcomes Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL (BD, TR, AK, ST, AT)
- Departments of Hematology and Health Outcomes and Behavior, Moffitt Cancer, Tampa, FL (BD)
- College of Nursing, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL (JWB)
- School of Applied Social Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK (SE)
- Department of Mathematics, Indiana University Northwest, Gary, IN (IH)
| | - Janis Cannon-Bowers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Evidence-Based Medicine and Health Outcomes Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL (BD, TR, AK, ST, AT)
- Departments of Hematology and Health Outcomes and Behavior, Moffitt Cancer, Tampa, FL (BD)
- College of Nursing, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL (JWB)
- School of Applied Social Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK (SE)
- Department of Mathematics, Indiana University Northwest, Gary, IN (IH)
| | - Stephanie Taylor
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Evidence-Based Medicine and Health Outcomes Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL (BD, TR, AK, ST, AT)
- Departments of Hematology and Health Outcomes and Behavior, Moffitt Cancer, Tampa, FL (BD)
- College of Nursing, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL (JWB)
- School of Applied Social Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK (SE)
- Department of Mathematics, Indiana University Northwest, Gary, IN (IH)
| | - Athanasios Tsalatsanis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Evidence-Based Medicine and Health Outcomes Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL (BD, TR, AK, ST, AT)
- Departments of Hematology and Health Outcomes and Behavior, Moffitt Cancer, Tampa, FL (BD)
- College of Nursing, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL (JWB)
- School of Applied Social Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK (SE)
- Department of Mathematics, Indiana University Northwest, Gary, IN (IH)
| | - Brandon Turner
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Evidence-Based Medicine and Health Outcomes Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL (BD, TR, AK, ST, AT)
- Departments of Hematology and Health Outcomes and Behavior, Moffitt Cancer, Tampa, FL (BD)
- College of Nursing, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL (JWB)
- School of Applied Social Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK (SE)
- Department of Mathematics, Indiana University Northwest, Gary, IN (IH)
| | - Charles Paidas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Evidence-Based Medicine and Health Outcomes Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL (BD, TR, AK, ST, AT)
- Departments of Hematology and Health Outcomes and Behavior, Moffitt Cancer, Tampa, FL (BD)
- College of Nursing, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL (JWB)
- School of Applied Social Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK (SE)
- Department of Mathematics, Indiana University Northwest, Gary, IN (IH)
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Chaudoir SR, Dugan AG, Barr CHI. Measuring factors affecting implementation of health innovations: a systematic review of structural, organizational, provider, patient, and innovation level measures. Implement Sci 2013; 8:22. [PMID: 23414420 PMCID: PMC3598720 DOI: 10.1186/1748-5908-8-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 484] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Two of the current methodological barriers to implementation science efforts are the lack of agreement regarding constructs hypothesized to affect implementation success and identifiable measures of these constructs. In order to address these gaps, the main goals of this paper were to identify a multi-level framework that captures the predominant factors that impact implementation outcomes, conduct a systematic review of available measures assessing constructs subsumed within these primary factors, and determine the criterion validity of these measures in the search articles. METHOD We conducted a systematic literature review to identify articles reporting the use or development of measures designed to assess constructs that predict the implementation of evidence-based health innovations. Articles published through 12 August 2012 were identified through MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO and the journal Implementation Science. We then utilized a modified five-factor framework in order to code whether each measure contained items that assess constructs representing structural, organizational, provider, patient, and innovation level factors. Further, we coded the criterion validity of each measure within the search articles obtained. RESULTS Our review identified 62 measures. Results indicate that organization, provider, and innovation-level constructs have the greatest number of measures available for use, whereas structural and patient-level constructs have the least. Additionally, relatively few measures demonstrated criterion validity, or reliable association with an implementation outcome (e.g., fidelity). DISCUSSION In light of these findings, our discussion centers on strategies that researchers can utilize in order to identify, adapt, and improve extant measures for use in their own implementation research. In total, our literature review and resulting measures compendium increases the capacity of researchers to conceptualize and measure implementation-related constructs in their ongoing and future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephenie R Chaudoir
- Department of Psychology, College of the Holy Cross, 1 College St., Worcester, MA, 01610, USA
- Center for Health, Intervention, and Prevention, University of Connecticut, 2006 Hillside Road, Unit 1248, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Alicia G Dugan
- Connecticut Institute for Clinical and Translational Science, University of Connecticut, Dowling South, Suite 1030, UConn Health Center, 263 Farmington Ave, MC 6233, Farmington, CT, 06030-6233, USA
- Center for Health, Intervention, and Prevention, University of Connecticut, 2006 Hillside Road, Unit 1248, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Colin HI Barr
- Center for Health, Intervention, and Prevention, University of Connecticut, 2006 Hillside Road, Unit 1248, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
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Lee R, Vu K, Bell CM, Hicks LK. Screening for hepatitis B surface antigen before chemotherapy: current practice and opportunities for improvement. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 17:32-8. [PMID: 21151407 DOI: 10.3747/co.v17i6.653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hepatitis B virus (hbv) reactivation is a recognized complication of chemotherapy. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommend that all patients be screened for the hbv surface antigen (hbsag) before chemotherapy. We sought to determine the frequency of hbsag testing before chemotherapy at our hospital and to increase the frequency of testing to more than 90% of patients starting chemotherapy. METHODS Using a retrospective electronic chart review, we identified the frequency of hbsag testing for patients initiated on intravenous chemotherapy at out institution between March 2006 and March 2007. The frequency of left ventricular function testing in the subgroup of patients receiving potentially cardiotoxic chemotherapy was identified as a comparator. An educational intervention was developed and delivered to the multidisciplinary oncology team. The frequency of hbsag testing was determined post intervention. Qualitative interviews were conducted with the members of the oncology team to identify risk perception and barriers to testing. RESULTS Of 208 patients started on intravenous chemotherapy between March 2006 and March 2007, only 28 (14%) were tested for hbsag. All 138 patients scheduled for cardiotoxic chemotherapy (100%) underwent left ventricular function testing. In the post-intervention phase, of 74 patients started on intravenous chemotherapy, 24 (31%) underwent hbsag testing, with 1 patient testing positive. CONCLUSIONS The frequency of testing for hbsag before chemotherapy was very low at our institution. An educational intervention resulted in only a modest improvement. Potential barriers to routine screening include lack of awareness about existing guidelines, controversy about the evidence that supports hbsag testing guidelines, and a perception by physicians that hbv reactivation does not occur with solid tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Lee
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON
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Measurement properties of the Inventory of Cognitive Bias in Medicine (ICBM). BMC Med Inform Decis Mak 2008; 8:20. [PMID: 18507864 PMCID: PMC2432053 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6947-8-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2007] [Accepted: 05/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Understanding how doctors think may inform both undergraduate and postgraduate medical education. Developing such an understanding requires valid and reliable measurement tools. We examined the measurement properties of the Inventory of Cognitive Bias in Medicine (ICBM), designed to tap this domain with specific reference to medicine, but with previously questionable measurement properties. Methods First year postgraduate entry medical students at Flinders University, and trainees (postgraduate doctors in any specialty) and consultants (N = 348) based at two teaching hospitals in Adelaide, Australia, completed the ICBM and a questionnaire measuring thinking styles (Rational Experiential Inventory). Results Questions with the lowest item-total correlation were deleted from the original 22 item ICBM, although the resultant 17 item scale only marginally improved internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.61 compared with 0.57). A factor analysis identified two scales, both achieving only α = 0.58. Construct validity was assessed by correlating Rational Experiential Inventory scores with the ICBM, with some positive correlations noted for students only, suggesting that those who are naïve to the knowledge base required to "successfully" respond to the ICBM may profit by a thinking style in tune with logical reasoning. Conclusion The ICBM failed to demonstrate adequate content validity, internal consistency and construct validity. It is unlikely that improvements can be achieved without considered attention to both the audience for which it is designed and its item content. The latter may need to involve both removal of some items deemed to measure multiple biases and the addition of new items in the attempt to survey the range of biases that may compromise medical decision making.
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