1
|
Xie Y, Liu M, Cai C, Ye C, Guo T, Yang K, Xiao H, Tang X, Liu H. Recent progress of hydrogel-based local drug delivery systems for postoperative radiotherapy. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1027254. [PMID: 36860309 PMCID: PMC9969147 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1027254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Surgical resection and postoperative radiotherapy remained the most common therapeutic modalities for malignant tumors. However, tumor recurrence after receiving such combination is difficult to be avoided because of high invasiveness and radiation resistance of cancer cells during long-term therapy. Hydrogels, as novel local drug delivery systems, presented excellent biocompatibility, high drug loading capacity and sustained drug release property. Compared with conventional drug formulations, hydrogels are able to be administered intraoperatively and directly release the entrapped therapeutic agents to the unresectable tumor sites. Therefore, hydrogel-based local drug delivery systems have their unique advantages especially in sensitizing postoperative radiotherapy. In this context, classification and biological properties of hydrogels were firstly introduced. Then, recent progress and application of hydrogels for postoperative radiotherapy were summarized. Finally, the prospects and challenges of hydrogels in postoperative radiotherapy were discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yandong Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,Department of Neurosurgery, The Suqian Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, China
| | - Mingxi Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chang Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Suqian Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Suqian, China
| | - Chengkun Ye
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Tangjun Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong Xiao
- Department of Neuro-Psychiatric Institute, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,*Correspondence: Hongyi Liu, ; Xianglong Tang, ; Hong Xiao,
| | - Xianglong Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,Department of Neuro-Psychiatric Institute, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,*Correspondence: Hongyi Liu, ; Xianglong Tang, ; Hong Xiao,
| | - Hongyi Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China,*Correspondence: Hongyi Liu, ; Xianglong Tang, ; Hong Xiao,
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fu Z, Li H, Xue P, Yu H, Yang S, Tao C, Li W, Wang Y, Zhang J, Wang Y. Implantable Bioresponsive Hydrogel Prevents Local Recurrence of Breast Cancer by Enhancing Radiosensitivity. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:881544. [PMID: 35497337 PMCID: PMC9039615 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.881544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer. Patients are often concerned about regional recurrence after breast cancer surgery. Radiotherapy plays a vital role in reducing recurrence and prolonging the survival of patients undergoing breast-conserving surgery and high-risk mastectomy. However, 8–15% of patients still have disease progression due to radiation resistance. Therefore, new strategies for combination radiotherapy sensitization must be investigated. In this study, an implantable drug loading system, sunitinib nanoparticles @ matrix metalloproteinases -response hydrogel (NSMRH), uses enzyme-sensitive hydrogel as a carrier to load sunitinib nanoparticles, was identified. The releasing profile demonstrated that sunitinib nanoparticles may be continuously released from the hydrogels. Functional experiments revealed that, when paired with NSMRH, radiation may significantly inhibit tumor cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro. Further animal experiments showed that NSMRH combined with radiotherapy could more effectively control the recurrence of subcutaneous xenograft tumors, prolong the survival time, and have no obvious toxicity in nude mice. Finally, by studying the molecular mechanism of NSMRH, it was hypothesized that in breast cancer cells, NSMRH cooperated with sensitized radiotherapy, mainly due to significantly blocking the G2/M phase, reducing the DNA repair efficiency, inhibiting tumor angiogenesis, promoting apoptosis, and reversing the abnormal expression of platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRA) after radiotherapy. These findings suggest that NSMRH’s radiation sensitization and anti-tumor activity may aid in the development of a novel method in future clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguang Fu
- Department of Tumor Radiotherapy, Air Force Medical Center, PLA, Beijing, China
- Department of Stomatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongqi Li
- Department of Tumor Radiotherapy, Air Force Medical Center, PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Xue
- Department of Stomatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hanying Yu
- Department of Stomatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- Department of Stomatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Tao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yingjie Wang
- Department of Tumor Radiotherapy, Air Force Medical Center, PLA, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yingjie Wang, ; Jianjun Zhang, ; Yu Wang,
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yingjie Wang, ; Jianjun Zhang, ; Yu Wang,
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Oncology, Air Force Medical Center, PLA, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yingjie Wang, ; Jianjun Zhang, ; Yu Wang,
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sunyach MP, Penel N, Montané L, Cassier PA, Largo AC, Sargos P, Blanc E, Pérol D, Blay JY. Sunitinib with concomitant radiation therapy in inoperable sarcomas: Final results from the dose escalation and expansion parts of a multicenter phase I study. Radiother Oncol 2022; 168:95-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2022.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
4
|
Anil D, Caykoylu EU, Sanli F, Gambacorta N, Karatas OF, Nicolotti O, Algul O, Burmaoglu S. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 3,5-diaryl-pyrazole derivatives as potential antiprostate cancer agents. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2021; 354:e2100225. [PMID: 34467575 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202100225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed tumor in men and the second leading cause of cancer-associated mortality in most developed countries. 3,5-Diaryl substituted pyrazole derivatives (20-28) were prepared starting from related chalcones and biologically evaluated for in vitro growth inhibition activity against PC3 and DU145 human prostate cancer cell lines. Compounds 23, 26, and 28 were found to be more potent as compared to the other halogen-substituted derivatives. Especially, the 2-bromo-substituted pyrazole derivative (26) was found to be more potent against PC3 and DU145 cells. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) are known to be expressed in DU145 and PC3 cancer cells. The binding mode of the most selective compound 26 toward EGFR and VEGFR2 was investigated by employing docking simulations based on GLIDE standard precision (-5.912 and -6.949 kcal/mol, respectively).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Derya Anil
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Process Technologies, Erzurum Technical Science Vocational School, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Emine U Caykoylu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Fatma Sanli
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey.,Molecular Cancer Biology Laboratory, High Technology Application and Research Center, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Nicola Gambacorta
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Omer F Karatas
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey.,Molecular Cancer Biology Laboratory, High Technology Application and Research Center, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Orazio Nicolotti
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Oztekin Algul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erzincan Binali Yildirim University, Erzincan, Turkey
| | - Serdar Burmaoglu
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Fu SY, Wang CC, Chen FH, Yu CF, Hong JH, Chiang CS. Sunitinib Treatment-elicited Distinct Tumor Microenvironment Dramatically Compensated the Reduction of Myeloid-derived Suppressor Cells. In Vivo 2021; 34:1141-1152. [PMID: 32354903 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM The clinical response rate of prostate cancer to tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) monotherapy is low. The mechanisms of resistance to TKI are unclear. This study aimed to examine if the tumor microenvironment (TME) is involved in the resistance. MATERIALS AND METHODS The anti-vascular effect of Sutent was examined by immunofluorescent staining in TRAMP-C1 tumor. The percentage of CD11b+ population were analyzed by flow cytometry. The level of cytokines and chemokines were measured by multiplex immunoassay. RESULTS The Sutent monotherapy caused 1.5 days of tumor growth delay, chronic hypoxia, and more mature vasculature. Sutent monotherapy increased the percentage of polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in peripheral blood. The evolved TME triggered the re-distribution of myeloid cells in chronically hypoxic areas. The multiplex immunoassay indicated higher levels of several cytokines and chemokines both in tumors and the blood. CONCLUSION Sunitinib treatment induced a distinct tumor microenvironment that impaired the efficient reduction of MDSCs by TKI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Yung Fu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Radiation Biology Research Center, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital/Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chun-Chieh Wang
- Radiation Biology Research Center, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital/Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Branch, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Fang-Hsin Chen
- Radiation Biology Research Center, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital/Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Branch, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ching-Fang Yu
- Radiation Biology Research Center, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital/Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Branch, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ji-Hong Hong
- Radiation Biology Research Center, Institute for Radiological Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital/Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C. .,Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Branch, Taoyuan, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chi-Shiun Chiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, R.O.C. .,Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, R.O.C.,Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, R.O.C
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cardoso HJ, Carvalho TMA, Fonseca LRS, Figueira MI, Vaz CV, Socorro S. Revisiting prostate cancer metabolism: From metabolites to disease and therapy. Med Res Rev 2020; 41:1499-1538. [PMID: 33274768 DOI: 10.1002/med.21766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa), one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers worldwide, still presents important unmet clinical needs concerning treatment. In the last years, the metabolic reprogramming and the specificities of tumor cells emerged as an exciting field for cancer therapy. The unique features of PCa cells metabolism, and the activation of specific metabolic pathways, propelled the use of metabolic inhibitors for treatment. The present work revises the knowledge of PCa metabolism and the metabolic alterations that underlie the development and progression of the disease. A focus is given to the role of bioenergetic sources, namely, glucose, lipids, and glutamine sustaining PCa cell survival and growth. Moreover, it is described as the action of oncogenes/tumor suppressors and sex steroid hormones in the metabolic reprogramming of PCa. Finally, the status of PCa treatment based on the inhibition of metabolic pathways is presented. Globally, this review updates the landscape of PCa metabolism, highlighting the critical metabolic alterations that could have a clinical and therapeutic interest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henrique J Cardoso
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Tiago M A Carvalho
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Lara R S Fonseca
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Marília I Figueira
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Cátia V Vaz
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Sílvia Socorro
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang E, Sorolla A. Sensitizing endometrial cancer to ionizing radiation by multi-tyrosine kinase inhibition. J Gynecol Oncol 2019; 31:e29. [PMID: 31912683 PMCID: PMC7189072 DOI: 10.3802/jgo.2020.31.e29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Endometrial carcinoma is the most frequent gynecological cancer. About 15% of these cancers are of high risk and radiotherapy still remains the most suitable treatment. In this context, agents able to promote radiosensitization are of great interest. Here, we describe for the first time the radiosensitization ability of sunitinib in endometrial carcinoma. Methods Four endometrial carcinoma cell lines were used for the study. The activation of apoptosis signalling pathways and tyrosine kinase receptors were analysed by Western blot, luciferase assays and Immunoprecipitation. Radiosensitization effects were assessed using clonogenic assays. p65 and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) were upregulated by lentiviral transduction. Results We discovered that ionizing radiation activates the pro-oncogenic proteins and signalling pathways KIT, protein kinase B (AKT), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and these activations were abrogated by sunitinib, resulting in a radiosensitization effect. We found out that AKT pathway is greatly involved in this process as PTEN restoration in the PTEN-deficient cell line RL95-2 is sufficient to inhibit AKT, rendering these cells more susceptible to ionizing radiation and sunitinib-induced radiosensitization. In Ishikawa 3-H-12 cells, radiosensitization effects and inhibition of AKT were achieved by PTEN restoration plus treatment with the phosphoinositide-3-kinase inhibitor LY294002. This suggests that endometrial tumors could have different sensitivity degree to radiotherapy and susceptibility to sunitinib-induced radiosensitization depending on their AKT activation levels. Conclusions Our results provide the rationale of using sunitinib as neoadjuvant treatment prior radiotherapy which could be a starting point for the implementation of sunitinib and radiotherapy in the clinic for the treatment of recalcitrant endometrial cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edina Wang
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Anabel Sorolla
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Targets for improving tumor response to radiotherapy. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 76:105847. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
9
|
Tsao T, Beretov J, Ni J, Bai X, Bucci J, Graham P, Li Y. Cancer stem cells in prostate cancer radioresistance. Cancer Lett 2019; 465:94-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
10
|
Aye JM, Stafman LL, Williams AP, Garner EF, Stewart JE, Anderson JC, Mruthyunjayappa S, Waldrop MG, Goolsby CD, Markert HR, Quinn C, Marayati R, Mroczek-Musulman E, Willey CD, Yoon KJ, Whelan KF, Beierle EA. The effects of focal adhesion kinase and platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta inhibition in a patient-derived xenograft model of primary and metastatic Wilms tumor. Oncotarget 2019; 10:5534-5548. [PMID: 31565187 PMCID: PMC6756857 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggressive therapies for patients with metastatic Wilms tumor (WT) with subsequent severe late effects warrant the search for novel therapies. The role of focal adhesion kinase (FAK), a non-receptor tyrosine kinase important in pediatric solid tumor development and progression, has not been examined in metastatic WT. Using a novel patient-derived xenograft (PDX) of a primary and matched, isogenic, metastatic WT, the hypothesis of the current study was that FAK would contribute to metastatic WT and small molecule inhibition would decrease tumor growth. Immunohistochemical staining, immunoblotting, cell viability and proliferation assays, cell cycle analysis, and cellular motility and attachment-independent growth assays were performed. FAK was present and phosphorylated in both WT PDXs and in the human samples from which they were derived. FAK inhibition decreased cellular survival, proliferation, and cell cycle progression in both PDXs but only significantly decreased migration, invasion, and attachment-independent growth in the primary WT PDX. Kinomic profiling revealed that platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRβ) may be affected by FAK inhibition in WT. Pharmacologic inhibition of FAK and PDGFRβ was synergistic in primary WT PDX cells. These findings broaden the knowledge of metastatic WT and support further investigations on the potential use of FAK and PDGFRβ inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jamie M. Aye
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Laura L. Stafman
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Adele P. Williams
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Evan F. Garner
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jerry E. Stewart
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Joshua C. Anderson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Mary G. Waldrop
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Caroline D. Goolsby
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Hooper R. Markert
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Colin Quinn
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Raoud Marayati
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Christopher D. Willey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Karina J. Yoon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Kimberly F. Whelan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Potiron V, Clément-Colmou K, Jouglar E, Pietri M, Chiavassa S, Delpon G, Paris F, Supiot S. Tumor vasculature remodeling by radiation therapy increases doxorubicin distribution and efficacy. Cancer Lett 2019; 457:1-9. [PMID: 31078733 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment regulates cancer initiation, progression and response to treatment. In particular, the immature tumor vasculature may impede drugs from reaching tumor cells at a lethal concentration. We and others have shown that radiation therapy (RT) induces pericyte recruitment, resembling vascular normalization. Here, we asked whether radiation-induced vascular remodeling translates into improved tissue distribution and efficacy of chemotherapy. First, RT induced vascular remodeling, accompanied by decreased hypoxia and/or increased Hoechst perfusion in prostate PC3 and LNCaP and Lewis lung carcinoma. These results were independent of the RT regimen, respectively 10 × 2 Gy and 2 × 12 Gy, suggesting a common effect. Next, using doxorubicin as a fluorescent reporter, we observed that RT improves intra-tumoral chemotherapy distribution. These effects were not hindered by anti-angiogenic sunitinib. Moreover, sub-optimal doses of doxorubicin had almost no effect alone, but significantly delayed tumor growth after RT. These data demonstrate that RT favors the efficacy of chemotherapy by improving tissue distribution, and could be an alternative chemosensitizing strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Potiron
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Université D'Angers, Nantes, France; Institut de Cancérologie de L'Ouest René Gauducheau, Saint-Herblain, France
| | - Karen Clément-Colmou
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Université D'Angers, Nantes, France; Institut de Cancérologie de L'Ouest René Gauducheau, Saint-Herblain, France
| | - Emmanuel Jouglar
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Université D'Angers, Nantes, France; Institut de Cancérologie de L'Ouest René Gauducheau, Saint-Herblain, France
| | - Manon Pietri
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Université D'Angers, Nantes, France; Institut de Cancérologie de L'Ouest René Gauducheau, Saint-Herblain, France
| | - Sophie Chiavassa
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Université D'Angers, Nantes, France; Institut de Cancérologie de L'Ouest René Gauducheau, Saint-Herblain, France
| | - Grégory Delpon
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Université D'Angers, Nantes, France; Institut de Cancérologie de L'Ouest René Gauducheau, Saint-Herblain, France
| | - François Paris
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Université D'Angers, Nantes, France; Institut de Cancérologie de L'Ouest René Gauducheau, Saint-Herblain, France
| | - Stéphane Supiot
- CRCINA, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Université D'Angers, Nantes, France; Institut de Cancérologie de L'Ouest René Gauducheau, Saint-Herblain, France.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Juloori A, Miller JA, Parsai S, Kotecha R, Ahluwalia MS, Mohammadi AM, Murphy ES, Suh JH, Barnett GH, Yu JS, Vogelbaum MA, Rini B, Garcia J, Stevens GH, Angelov L, Chao ST. Overall survival and response to radiation and targeted therapies among patients with renal cell carcinoma brain metastases. J Neurosurg 2019; 132:188-196. [PMID: 30660120 DOI: 10.3171/2018.8.jns182100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The object of this retrospective study was to investigate the impact of targeted therapies on overall survival (OS), distant intracranial failure, local failure, and radiation necrosis among patients treated with radiation therapy for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) metastases to the brain. METHODS All patients diagnosed with RCC brain metastasis (BM) between 1998 and 2015 at a single institution were included in this study. The primary outcome was OS, and secondary outcomes included local failure, distant intracranial failure, and radiation necrosis. The timing of targeted therapies was recorded. Multivariate Cox proportional-hazards regression was used to model OS, while multivariate competing-risks regression was used to model local failure, distant intracranial failure, and radiation necrosis, with death as a competing risk. RESULTS Three hundred seventy-six patients presented with 912 RCC BMs. Median OS was 9.7 months. Consistent with the previously validated diagnosis-specific graded prognostic assessment (DS-GPA) for RCC BM, Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) and number of BMs were the only factors prognostic for OS. One hundred forty-seven patients (39%) received vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Median OS was significantly greater among patients receiving TKIs (16.8 vs 7.3 months, p < 0.001). Following multivariate analysis, KPS, number of metastases, and TKI use remained significantly associated with OS.The crude incidence of local failure was 14.9%, with a 12-month cumulative incidence of 13.4%. TKIs did not significantly decrease the 12-month cumulative incidence of local failure (11.4% vs 14.5%, p = 0.11). Following multivariate analysis, age, number of BMs, and lesion size remained associated with local failure. The 12-month cumulative incidence of radiation necrosis was 8.0%. Use of TKIs within 30 days of SRS was associated with a significantly increased 12-month cumulative incidence of radiation necrosis (10.9% vs 6.4%, p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Use of targeted therapies in patients with RCC BM treated with intracranial SRS was associated with improved OS. However, the use of TKIs within 30 days of SRS increases the rate of radiation necrosis without improving local control or reducing distant intracranial failure. Prospective studies are warranted to determine the optimal timing to reduce the rate of necrosis without detracting from survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Glen H Stevens
- 4Neurology, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kanthou C, Tozer G. Targeting the vasculature of tumours: combining VEGF pathway inhibitors with radiotherapy. Br J Radiol 2018; 92:20180405. [PMID: 30160184 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20180405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of blood vessels by the process of angiogenesis underpins the growth and metastasis of many tumour types. Various angiogenesis inhibitors targeted against vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) and its receptors have entered the clinic more than a decade ago. However, despite substantial clinical improvements, their overall efficacy proved to be significantly lower than many of the pre-clinical studies had predicted. Antiangiogenic agents have been combined with chemotherapy, radiotherapy and more recently immunotherapy in many pre-clinical and clinical studies in an effort to improve their efficacy. To date, only their use alongside chemotherapy is approved as part of standard treatment protocols. Most pre-clinical studies have reported improved tumour control from the addition of antiangiogenic therapies to radiotherapy and progress has been made in unravelling the complex mechanisms through which VEGF inhibition potentiates radiotherapy responses. However, the efficacy of this combination is variable, and many questions still remain as to how best to administer the two modalities to achieve optimal response and minimal toxicity. One important limiting factor is that, unlike some other targeted therapies, antiangiogenic agents are not administered to selected patient populations, since biomarkers for identifying responders have not yet been established. Here, we outline VEGF biology and review current approaches that aim to identify biomarkers for stratifying patients for treatment with angiogenesis inhibitors. We also discuss current progress in elucidating mechanisms of interaction between radiotherapy and VEGF inhibitors. Ongoing clinical trials will determine whether these combinations will ultimately improve treatment outcomes for cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chryso Kanthou
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Tumour Microcirculation Group, University of Sheffield, School of Medicine, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | - Gillian Tozer
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, Tumour Microcirculation Group, University of Sheffield, School of Medicine, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Fiore M, D Apos Angelillo RM, Greco C, Fioroni I, Ippolito E, Santini D, Ramella S. Radiotherapy and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Renal Cancer. Chemotherapy 2018; 63:83-89. [PMID: 29554654 DOI: 10.1159/000488252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) has seen substantial progress over the last decade. A number of targeted therapies have been shown to improve clinical outcome. Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are an effective option in treating mRCC. RCC is traditionally perceived to be a radioresistant malignancy with a limited role of radiotherapy (RT) in the management of localized disease. While RCC appears to be radioresistant using conventionally fractionated RT, preclinical data suggest increased radiosensitivity when an ablative, hypofractionated schedule is used. RT is a common treatment for metastases; therefore, it is important to understand how best to use the combination of RT with targeted therapies. Preclinical studies have suggested that the combination of anti-angiogenic drugs with RT enhances the therapeutic effect compared with ionizing radiation alone. However, clinical data gave rise to warnings due to an increased incidence of severe gastrointestinal side effects. This article reviews the literature behind the preclinical and clinical data of the combination of RT with VEGFR-TKIs currently approved for RCC (sunitinib, sorafenib, pazopanib, and axitinib), with a focus on dose schedules as well as efficacy and toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Fiore
- Radiation Oncology, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Greco
- Radiation Oncology, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy
| | - Iacopo Fioroni
- Medical Oncology Unit, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy
| | - Edy Ippolito
- Radiation Oncology, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Santini
- Medical Oncology Unit, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Ramella
- Radiation Oncology, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Arnold KM, Flynn NJ, Raben A, Romak L, Yu Y, Dicker AP, Mourtada F, Sims-Mourtada J. The Impact of Radiation on the Tumor Microenvironment: Effect of Dose and Fractionation Schedules. CANCER GROWTH AND METASTASIS 2018; 11:1179064418761639. [PMID: 29551910 PMCID: PMC5846913 DOI: 10.1177/1179064418761639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In addition to inducing lethal DNA damage in tumor and stromal cells, radiation can alter the interactions of tumor cells with their microenvironment. Recent technological advances in planning and delivery of external beam radiotherapy have allowed delivery of larger doses per fraction (hypofractionation) while minimizing dose to normal tissues with higher precision. The effects of radiation on the tumor microenvironment vary with dose and fractionation schedule. In this review, we summarize the effects of conventional and hypofractionated radiation regimens on the immune system and tumor stroma. We discuss how these interactions may provide therapeutic benefit in combination with targeted therapies. Understanding the differential effects of radiation dose and fractionation can have implications for choice of combination therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly M Arnold
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Helen F. Graham Cancer Center & Research Institute, Christiana Care Health System, Newark, DE, USA.,Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Nicole J Flynn
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Helen F. Graham Cancer Center & Research Institute, Christiana Care Health System, Newark, DE, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Adam Raben
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Helen F. Graham Cancer Center & Research Institute, Christiana Care Health System, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Lindsay Romak
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Helen F. Graham Cancer Center & Research Institute, Christiana Care Health System, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Yan Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College & Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Adam P Dicker
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College & Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Firas Mourtada
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Helen F. Graham Cancer Center & Research Institute, Christiana Care Health System, Newark, DE, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College & Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer Sims-Mourtada
- Center for Translational Cancer Research, Helen F. Graham Cancer Center & Research Institute, Christiana Care Health System, Newark, DE, USA.,Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Domińska K, Kowalski A, Ochędalski T, Rębas E. Effects of testosterone and 17β‑estradiol on angiotensin‑induced changes in tyrosine kinase activity in the androgen‑independent human prostate cancer cell line, DU145. Int J Mol Med 2017; 40:1573-1581. [PMID: 28949385 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin II (AngII), the main peptide of the renin‑angiotensin system (RAS), is involved in the proliferation of different types of cells, normal and pathological as well. The protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) play an important role in the growth, differentiation and apoptosis of cells. AngII action depends on the hormonal milieu of the cell, and on sex steroid influence. Angiotensin 1‑7 (Ang1‑7), metabolite of AngII, shows opposite action to AngII in cells. The present study aimed to examine the influence of 17β‑estradiol and testosterone on AngII and Ang1‑7 action on PTK activity in androgen‑independent humane prostate cancer cell line DU145. Cell cultures of human prostate cancer DU145 cells were used as a source of PTKs. Cultures were exposed to different concentrations of AngII (5x10‑11 to 5x10‑9 M). The incubation with hormones lasted 15 min to limit the genomic effects of steroids. In the phosphorylation reaction, we used γ32P‑ATP as a donor of phosphate and a synthetic peptide, Poly(Glu, Tyr) (4:1), as a substrate. The specific activities of PTKs were defined as pmol of 32P incorporated into 1 mg of exogenous Poly(Glu, Tyr) per minute (pmol/mg/min). Our findings suggest that testosterone and 17β‑estradiol may change the effects of angiotensins in a rapid non‑genomic way, probably via membrane‑located receptors. The most significant change was caused by testosterone, whose effect was most significant on changes caused by Ang1‑7. AngII‑induced changes in phosphorylation appeared to be insensitive to the presence of testosterone, but were modified by 17β‑estradiol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Domińska
- Department of Comparative Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, 92‑215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Antoni Kowalski
- Department of Molecular Neurochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92‑215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Ochędalski
- Department of Comparative Endocrinology, Medical University of Lodz, 92‑215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Rębas
- Department of Molecular Neurochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92‑215 Lodz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Radojewski P, Dumont RA, Marincek N, Brunner P, Müller-Brand J, Maecke HR, Briel M, Walter MA. Reply: Somatostatin Receptor–Targeted Radiopeptide Therapy in Patients with Progressive Unresectable Meningioma. J Nucl Med 2016; 57:1657-1658. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.116.178145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
18
|
El Kaffas A, Sadeghi-Naini A, Falou O, Tran WT, Zhou S, Hashim A, Fernandes J, Giles A, Czarnota GJ. Assessment of tumor response to radiation and vascular targeting therapy in mice using quantitative ultrasound spectroscopy. Med Phys 2016; 42:4965-73. [PMID: 26233222 DOI: 10.1118/1.4926554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE It is now recognized that the tumor vasculature is in part responsible for regulating tumor responses to radiation therapy. However, the extent to which radiation-based vascular damage contributes to tumor cell death remains unknown. In this work, quantitative ultrasound spectroscopy (QUS) methods were used to investigate the acute responses of tumors to radiation-based vascular treatments. METHODS Tumor xenografts (MDA-MB-231) were treated with single radiation doses of 2 or 8 Gy alone, or in combination with pharmacological agents that modulate vascular radiosensitivity. The midband fit, the slope, and the 0-MHz intercept QUS parameters were obtained from a linear-regression fit to the averaged power spectrum of frequency-dependent ultrasound backscatter and were used to quantify acute tumor responses following treatment administration. Power spectrums were extracted from raw volumetric radio-frequency ultrasound data obtained before and 24 h following treatment administration. These parameters have previously been correlated to tumor cell death. Staining using in situ end labeling, carbonic anhydrase 9 and cluster of differentiation 31 of tumor sections were used to assess cell death, oxygenation, and vasculature distributions, respectively. RESULTS Results indicate a significant midband fit QUS parameter increases of 3.2 ± 0.3 dBr and 5.4 ± 0.5 dBr for tumors treated with 2 and 8 Gy radiation combined with the antiangiogenic agent Sunitinib, respectively. In contrast, tumors treated with radiation alone demonstrated a significant midband fit increase of 4.4 ± 0.3 dBr at 8 Gy only. Preadministration of basic fibroblast growth factor, an endothelial radioprotector, acted to minimize tumor response following single large doses of radiation. Immunohistochemical analysis was in general agreement with QUS findings; an R(2) of 0.9 was observed when quantified cell death was correlated with changes in midband fit. CONCLUSIONS Results from QUS analysis presented in this study confirm that acute tumor response is linked to a vascular effect following high doses of radiation therapy. Overall, this is in agreement with previous reports suggesting that acute tumor radiation response is regulated by a vascular-driven response. Data also suggest that Sunitinib may enhance tumor radiosensitivity through a vascular remodeling process, and that QUS may be sensitive to changes in tissue properties associated with vascular remodeling. Finally, the work also demonstrates the ability of QUS methods to monitor response to radiation-based vascular strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed El Kaffas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada; Imaging Research and Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada; and Departments of Medical Biophysics and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Ali Sadeghi-Naini
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada; Imaging Research and Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada; and Departments of Medical Biophysics and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Omar Falou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada; Imaging Research and Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada; and Departments of Medical Biophysics and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - William Tyler Tran
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada; Imaging Research and Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada; and Departments of Medical Biophysics and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Stephanie Zhou
- Imaging Research and Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Amr Hashim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada and Imaging Research and Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Jason Fernandes
- Imaging Research and Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Anoja Giles
- Imaging Research and Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Gregory J Czarnota
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada; Imaging Research and Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M5, Canada; and Departments of Medical Biophysics and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Archibald M, Pritchard T, Nehoff H, Rosengren RJ, Greish K, Taurin S. A combination of sorafenib and nilotinib reduces the growth of castrate-resistant prostate cancer. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:179-200. [PMID: 26811677 PMCID: PMC4712974 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s97286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) remains incurable due to the lack of effective therapies. Several tyrosine kinases have been implicated in the development and growth of CRPC, as such targeting these kinases may offer an alternative therapeutic strategy. We established the combination of two tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), sorafenib and nilotinib, as the most cytotoxic. In addtion, to improve their bioavailability and reduce their metabolism, we encapsulated sorafenib and nilotinib into styrene-co-maleic acid micelles. The micelles' charge, size, and release rate were characterized. We assessed the effect of the combination on the cytotoxicity, cell cycle, apoptosis, protein expression, tumor spheroid integrity, migration, and invasion. The micelles exhibited a mean diameter of 100 nm, a neutral charge, and appeared highly stable. The micellar TKIs promoted greater cytotoxicity, decreased cell proliferation, and increased apoptosis relative to the free TKIs. In addition, the combination reduced the expression and activity of several tyrosine kinases and reduced tumor spheroid integrity and metastatic potential of CRPC cell lines more efficiently than the single treatments. The combination increased the therapeutic potential and demonstrated the relevance of a targeted combination therapy for the treatment of CRPC. In addition, the efficacy of the encapsulated drugs provides the basis for an in vivo preclinical testing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Archibald
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Tara Pritchard
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Hayley Nehoff
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Rhonda J Rosengren
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Khaled Greish
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Aljawhara Centre for Molecular Medicine, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Sebastien Taurin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Argyros O, Karampelas T, Asvos X, Varela A, Sayyad N, Papakyriakou A, Davos CH, Tzakos AG, Fokas D, Tamvakopoulos C. Peptide–Drug Conjugate GnRH–Sunitinib Targets Angiogenesis Selectively at the Site of Action to Inhibit Tumor Growth. Cancer Res 2015; 76:1181-92. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-2138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
21
|
Mu X, Ma J, Zhang Z, Zhou H, Xu S, Qin Y, Huang J, Yang K, Wu G. Famitinib enhances nasopharyngeal cancer cell radiosensitivity by attenuating radiation-induced phosphorylation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor and c-kit and inhibiting microvessel formation. Int J Radiat Biol 2015; 91:771-6. [PMID: 26073526 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2015.1062574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Famitinib is a novel tyrosine kinase inhibitor. We investigated the effects of famitinib on the radiosensitivity of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cell radiosensitivity in vitro and in vivo, and explored its possible mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line (CNE-2) were treated with famitinib and radiation, and analyzed by3-(4,5-dimethylthaizol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), clonogenic survival assay, and Western blot. A xenograft model using CNE-2 cells was established to analyze the effects of famitinib and radiation on tumor volume and microvessel density (MVD). RESULTS Famitinib dose-dependently inhibited CNE-2 cells growth and significantly reduced clonogenic survival (p < 0.05), with a sensitivity enhancement ratio (SER) of 1.45. The tumor inhibition rate of the combined treatment group was 91%, which was significantly higher than the radiation group (35%, p < 0.05) and famitinib group (46%, p < 0.05). Famitinib attenuated radiation-induced phosphorylation of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) and stem cell factor (c-kit) at 0, 30, 60 min after radiation treatment. Furthermore, radiation combined with famitinib decreased tumor MVD (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Famitinib significantly increased CNE-2 cell radiosensitivity in vitro and in vivo by attenuating radiation-induced PDGFR and c-kit phosphorylation and by inhibiting microvessel formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Mu
- a Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China.,b Department of Medical Oncology , Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan, China
| | - Jia Ma
- a Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
| | - Zhanjie Zhang
- a Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
| | - Hongxia Zhou
- a Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
| | - Shuangbing Xu
- a Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
| | - You Qin
- a Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
| | - Jing Huang
- a Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
| | - Kunyu Yang
- a Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
| | - Gang Wu
- a Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan , China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Diaz R, Nguewa PA, Redrado M, Manrique I, Calvo A. Sunitinib reduces tumor hypoxia and angiogenesis, and radiosensitizes prostate cancer stem-like cells. Prostate 2015; 75:1137-49. [PMID: 25893276 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The need for new treatments for advanced prostate cancer has fostered the experimental use of targeted therapies. Sunitinib is a multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor that mainly targets membrane-bound receptors of cells within the tumor microenvironment, such as endothelial cells and pericytes. However, recent studies suggest a direct effect on tumor cells. In the present study, we have evaluated both direct and indirect effects of Sunitinib in prostate cancer and how this drug regulates hypoxia, using in vitro and in vivo models. METHODS We have used both in vitro (PC-3, DU145, and LNCaP cells) and in vivo (PC-3 xenografts) models to study the effect of Sunitinib in prostate cancer. Analysis of hypoxia based on HIF-1α expression and FMISO uptake was conducted. ALDH activity was used to analyze cancer stem cells (CSC). RESULTS Sunitinib strongly reduced proliferation of PC-3 and DU-145 cells in a dose dependent manner, and decreased levels of p-Akt, p-Erk1/2, and Id-1, compared to untreated cells. A 3-fold reduction in tumor growth was also observed (P < 0.001 with respect to controls). Depletion of Hif-1α levels in vitro and a decrease in FMISO uptake in vivo showed that Sunitinib inhibits tumor hypoxia. When combined with radiotherapy, this drug enhanced cell death in vitro and in vivo, and significantly decreased CD-31, PDGFRβ, Hif-1α, Id1, and PCNA protein levels (whereas apoptosis was increased) in tumors as compared to controls or single-therapy treated mice. Moreover, Sunitinib reduced the number of ALDH + cancer stem-like cells and sensitized these cells to radiation-mediated loss of clonogenicity. DISCUSION Our results support the use of Sunitinib in prostate cancer and shows that both hypoxia and cancer stem cells are involved in the effect elicited by this drug. Combination of Sunitinib with radiotherapy warrants further consideration to reduce prostate cancer burden.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roque Diaz
- Division of Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Paul A Nguewa
- Division of Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Instituto de Salud Tropical, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Miriam Redrado
- Division of Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Irene Manrique
- Division of Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Alfonso Calvo
- Division of Oncology, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Histology and Pathology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kleibeuker EA, Ten Hooven MA, Verheul HM, Slotman BJ, Thijssen VL. Combining radiotherapy with sunitinib: lessons (to be) learned. Angiogenesis 2015. [PMID: 26202788 PMCID: PMC4596900 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-015-9476-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
To improve the efficacy of radiotherapy (RTx), there is a growing interest in combining RTx with drugs that inhibit angiogenesis, i.e., the process of neo-vessel formation out of preexisting capillaries. A frequently used drug to inhibit angiogenesis is sunitinib (Sutent, SU11248), a receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor that is currently FDA approved for the treatment of several cancer types. The current review presents an overview of the preclinical studies and clinical trials that combined sunitinib with RTx. We discuss the findings from preclinical and clinical observations with a focus on dose scheduling and commonly reported toxicities. In addition, the effects of combination therapy on tumor response and patient survival are described. Finally, the lessons learned from preclinical and clinical studies are summarized and opportunities and pitfalls for future clinical trials are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esther A Kleibeuker
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matthijs A Ten Hooven
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henk M Verheul
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ben J Slotman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Victor L Thijssen
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Radiation Oncology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Cardoso HJ, Vaz CV, Correia S, Figueira MI, Marques R, Maia CJ, Socorro S. Paradoxical and contradictory effects of imatinib in two cell line models of hormone-refractory prostate cancer. Prostate 2015; 75:923-35. [PMID: 25786656 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Imatinib mesylate is a chemotherapeutic drug that inhibits the tyrosine kinase activity of c-KIT and has been successfully used to treat leukemias and some solid tumors. However, its application for treatment of hormone-refractory prostate cancer (HRPC) has shown modest effectiveness and did not follow the outcomes in cultured cells or animal models. Moreover, the molecular pathways by which imatinib induces cytotoxicity in prostate cancer cells are poorly characterized. METHODS Two cell line models of HRPC (DU145 and PC3) were exposed to 20 μM of imatinib for 6-72 hr. MTS assay was used to assess cell viability during the course of experiment. Gene expression analysis of c-KIT, cell-cycle and apoptosis regulators, and angiogenic factors was determined by means of real-time PCR, western blot, and/or immunocytochemistry. The enzymatic activity of the apoptosis effector, caspase-3, was determined by a colorimetric assay. RESULTS Imatinib significantly decreased the viability of DU145 cells but paradoxically augmented the viability of PC3 cells. DU145 cells displayed diminished expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein and augmented levels of caspase-8 and -9, as well as, increased enzymatic activity of caspase-3 in response to imatinib. No differences existed on the expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins in PC3 cells treated with imatinib, though the activity of caspase-3 was decreased. The mRNA levels of angiogenic factor VEGF were decreased in DU145-treated cells, whereas an opposite effect was seen in PC3. In addition, it was shown that DU145 and PC3 cells present a differential expression of c-KIT protein variants. CONCLUSION DU145 and PC3 cells displayed a contradictory behavior in response to imatinib, which was underpinned by a distinct expression pattern (or activity) of target regulators of cell-cycle, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. The paradoxical effect of imatinib in PC3 cells may be related with the differential expression of c-KIT protein variants. Moreover, the present findings helped to understand the discrepancies in the efficacy of imatinib as therapeutic option in HRPC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henrique J Cardoso
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Chen HM, Ma G, Gildener-Leapman N, Eisenstein S, Coakley BA, Ozao J, Mandeli J, Divino C, Schwartz M, Sung M, Ferris R, Kao J, Wang LH, Pan PY, Ko EC, Chen SH. Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells as an Immune Parameter in Patients with Concurrent Sunitinib and Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 21:4073-4085. [PMID: 25922428 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-2742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The clinical effects of sunitinib on human myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) subsets and correlation of the T-cell-mediated immune responses and clinical outcomes in patients with oligometastases treated by stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) have been evaluated. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The numbers of granulocytic and monocytic MDSC subsets, effector T cells, and regulatory T cells in the peripheral blood were evaluated pre- and post-sunitinib treatment and concurrent with SBRT. Correlations between MDSC, Treg, and T-cell responses and clinical outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS Patients with oligometastases of various cancer types had elevated granulocytic MDSC and certain subsets of monocytic MDSC population. Sunitinib treatment resulted in a significant reduction in monocytic MDSC, phosphorylated STAT3, and arginase levels in monocytic MDSC (CD33(+)CD14(+)CD16(+)), and an increase in T-cell proliferative activity in cancer patients. Interestingly, the effects of sunitinib on reducing the accumulation and immune-suppressive function of MDSC were significantly correlated with Treg reduction, in responders but not in nonresponding patients. SBRT synergized the therapeutic effects of sunitinib, especially as related to decreased numbers of monocytic MDSC, Treg, and B cells, and augmented Tbet expression in primary CD4 and CD8 T cells. These effects were not observed in patients receiving radiation therapy alone. Most interestingly, the responders, defined by sunitinib-mediated reduction in CD33(+)CD11b(+) myeloid cell populations, tend to exhibit improved progression-free survival and cause-specific survival. CONCLUSIONS Sunitinib treatment increased the efficacy of SBRT in patients with oligometastases by reversing MDSC and Treg-mediated immune suppression and may enhance cancer immune therapy to prevent tumor recurrence post-SBRT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ming Chen
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Ge Ma
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Neil Gildener-Leapman
- Department of Otolaryngology and Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Samuel Eisenstein
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York.,Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Brian A Coakley
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York.,Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Junko Ozao
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York.,Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - John Mandeli
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Celia Divino
- Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Myron Schwartz
- Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Max Sung
- Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Robert Ferris
- Department of Otolaryngology and Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Johnny Kao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Good Samaritan Hospital Medical Center, West Islip, New York
| | - Lu-Hai Wang
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan, Miaoli County 350, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Ying Pan
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Eric C Ko
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Mercy UC Davis Cancer Center, Merced, California.,Department of Radiation Oncology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, California
| | - Shu-Hsia Chen
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York.,Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kleibeuker EA, Ten Hooven MA, Castricum KC, Honeywell R, Griffioen AW, Verheul HM, Slotman BJ, Thijssen VL. Optimal treatment scheduling of ionizing radiation and sunitinib improves the antitumor activity and allows dose reduction. Cancer Med 2015; 4:1003-15. [PMID: 25828633 PMCID: PMC4529339 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The combination of radiotherapy with sunitinib is clinically hampered by rare but severe side effects and varying results with respect to clinical benefit. We studied different scheduling regimes and dose reduction in sunitinib and radiotherapy in preclinical tumor models to improve potential outcome of this combination treatment strategy. The chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) was used as an angiogenesis in vivo model and as a xenograft model with human tumor cells (HT29 colorectal adenocarcinoma, OE19 esophageal adenocarcinoma). Treatment consisted of ionizing radiation (IR) and sunitinib as single therapy or in combination, using different dose-scheduling regimes. Sunitinib potentiated the inhibitory effect of IR (4 Gy) on angiogenesis. In addition, IR (4 Gy) and sunitinib (4 days of 32.5 mg/kg per day) inhibited tumor growth. Ionizing radiation induced tumor cell apoptosis and reduced proliferation, whereas sunitinib decreased tumor angiogenesis and reduced tumor cell proliferation. When IR was applied before sunitinib, this almost completely inhibited tumor growth, whereas concurrent IR was less effective and IR after sunitinib had no additional effect on tumor growth. Moreover, optimal scheduling allowed a 50% dose reduction in sunitinib while maintaining comparable antitumor effects. This study shows that the therapeutic efficacy of combination therapy improves when proper dose-scheduling is applied. More importantly, optimal treatment regimes permit dose reductions in the angiogenesis inhibitor, which will likely reduce the side effects of combination therapy in the clinical setting. Our study provides important leads to optimize combination treatment in the clinical setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esther A Kleibeuker
- Department of Radiation Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matthijs A Ten Hooven
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kitty C Castricum
- Department of Radiation Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Richard Honeywell
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arjan W Griffioen
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henk M Verheul
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ben J Slotman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Victor L Thijssen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Multhoff G, Radons J, Vaupel P. Critical role of aberrant angiogenesis in the development of tumor hypoxia and associated radioresistance. Cancers (Basel) 2014; 6:813-28. [PMID: 24717239 PMCID: PMC4074805 DOI: 10.3390/cancers6020813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Newly formed microvessels in most solid tumors show an abnormal morphology and thus do not fulfil the metabolic demands of the growing tumor mass. Due to the chaotic and heterogeneous tumor microcirculation, a hostile tumor microenvironment develops, that is characterized inter alia by local hypoxia, which in turn can stimulate the HIF-system. The latter can lead to tumor progression and may be involved in hypoxia-mediated radioresistance of tumor cells. Herein, cellular and molecular mechanisms in tumor angiogenesis are discussed that, among others, might impact hypoxia-related radioresistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Multhoff
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675 Munich, Germany.
| | - Jürgen Radons
- GmbH, Munich, Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany.
| | - Peter Vaupel
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675 Munich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
|
29
|
El Kaffas A, Al-Mahrouki A, Tran WT, Giles A, Czarnota GJ. Sunitinib effects on the radiation response of endothelial and breast tumor cells. Microvasc Res 2013; 92:1-9. [PMID: 24215790 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2013.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Revised: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endothelial cells are suggested regulators of tumor response to radiation. Anti-vascular targeting agents can enhance tumor response by targeting endothelial cells. Here, we have conducted experiments in vitro to discern the effects of radiation combined with the anti-angiogenic Sunitinib on endothelial (HUVEC) and tumor (MDA-MB-231) cells, and further compared findings to results obtained in vivo. METHODS In vitro and in vivo treatments consisted of single dose radiation therapy of 2, 4, 8 or 16 Gy administered alone or in combination with bFGF or Sunitinib. In vitro, in situ end labeling (ISEL) was used to assess 24-hour apoptotic cell death, and clonogenic assays were used to assess long-term response. In vivo MDA-MB-231 tumors were grown in CB-17 SCID mice. The vascular marker CD31 was used to assess 24-hour acute response while tumor clonogenic assays were used to assess long-term tumor cell viability following treatments. RESULTS Using in vitro studies, we observed an enhanced endothelial cell response to radiation doses of 8 and 16 Gy when compared to tumor cells. Administering Sunitinib alone significantly increased HUVEC cell death, while having modest additive effects when combined with radiation. Sunitinib also increased tumor cell death when combined with 8 and 16 Gy radiation doses. In comparison, we found that the clonogenic response of in vivo treated tumor cells more closely resembled that of in vitro treated endothelial cells than in vitro treated tumor cells. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that the endothelium is an important regulator of tumor response to radiotherapy, and that Sunitinib can enhance tumor radiosensitivity. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that Sunitinib is investigated in combination with radiotherapy on the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed El Kaffas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Imaging Research and Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Azza Al-Mahrouki
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Imaging Research and Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - William T Tran
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Imaging Research and Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anoja Giles
- Imaging Research and Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gregory J Czarnota
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Imaging Research and Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Molecularly targeted agents as radiosensitizers in cancer therapy--focus on prostate cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:14800-32. [PMID: 23863691 PMCID: PMC3742274 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140714800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As our understanding of the molecular pathways driving tumorigenesis improves and more druggable targets are identified, we have witnessed a concomitant increase in the development and production of novel molecularly targeted agents. Radiotherapy is commonly used in the treatment of various malignancies with a prominent role in the care of prostate cancer patients, and efforts to improve the therapeutic ratio of radiation by technologic and pharmacologic means have led to important advances in cancer care. One promising approach is to combine molecularly targeted systemic agents with radiotherapy to improve tumor response rates and likelihood of durable control. This review first explores the limitations of preclinical studies as well as barriers to successful implementation of clinical trials with radiosensitizers. Special considerations related to and recommendations for the design of preclinical studies and clinical trials involving molecularly targeted agents combined with radiotherapy are provided. We then apply these concepts by reviewing a representative set of targeted therapies that show promise as radiosensitizers in the treatment of prostate cancer.
Collapse
|
31
|
Yan L, Xu G, Qiao T, Chen W, Yuan S, Li X. CpG-ODN 7909 increases radiation sensitivity of radiation-resistant human lung adenocarcinoma cell line by overexpression of Toll-like receptor 9. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2013; 28:559-64. [PMID: 23705865 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2012.1450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Radioresistance is one of the main reasons for the failure of radiotherapy in lung cancer. The aim of this study was to establish a radiation-resistant lung cancer cell line, to evaluate whether CpG oligodeoxyribonucleotide (CpG-ODN) 7909 could increase its radiosensitivity and to explore the relevant mechanisms. The radioresistant cell line, referred to as R-A549, was generated by reduplicative fractionated irradiation from the human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549. The radioresistance of R-A549 cells were confirmed by the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), cell viability assay, and clonogenic assay. Cell growth kinetics, morphological feature, and radiosensitivity were compared between the original A549 cells and R-A549 cells treated with or without CpG-ODN 7909 or radiation. To further explore the potential mechanisms of radiosensitivity, the cell cycle distributions and the expression of Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR-9) were examined by Western blot and flow cytometry. The R-A549 cell line was generated and its radioresistance was further confirmed. CpG-ODN 7909 was found to increase much more radiosensitivity of R-A549 cells under combined treatments with CpG-ODN 7909 and radiation compared with its control group without any treatments. They presented their respective D0 1.33 ± 0.20 Gy versus 1.76 ± 0.25 Gy with N 3.44 ± 1.01 versus 4.96 ± 0.32. Further, there was a larger cell population of R-A549 cells under combined treatment in the G2/M phase compared with the control group after treatment with CpG-ODN7909 or radiation alone at 24 and 48 hour. The expression level of TLR-9 in R-A549 cells was found higher than in A549 cells. These results suggested that CpG-ODN 7909 increased the radiosensitivity of R-A549 cells, which might be mediated via the upregulated TLR-9 and prolonged cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase compared with A549 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Yan
- Department of Oncology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Corn PG, Song DY, Heath E, Maier J, Meyn R, Kuban D, DePetrillo TA, Mathew P. Sunitinib plus androgen deprivation and radiation therapy for patients with localized high-risk prostate cancer: results from a multi-institutional phase 1 study. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2013; 86:540-5. [PMID: 23541810 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2012.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Revised: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the feasibility of administering sunitinib in combination with androgen deprivation therapy and external-beam intensity modulated radiation therapy (XRT) in patients with localized high-risk prostate cancer. METHODS AND MATERIALS Seventeen men with localized adenocarcinoma of the prostate with cT2c-cT4 or Gleason 8-10 or prostate-specific antigen >20 ng/mL received initial androgen deprivation (leuprolide 22.5 mg every 12 weeks plus oral bicalutamide 50 mg daily) for 4-8 weeks before oral sunitinib 12.5, 25, or 37.5 mg daily for 4 weeks as lead-in, then concurrently with and 4 weeks after XRT (75.6 Gy in 42 fractions to prostate and seminal vesicles). A 3+3 sequential dose-escalation design was used to assess the frequency of dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) and establish a maximal tolerated dose of sunitinib. RESULTS Sunitinib at 12.5- and 25-mg dose levels was well tolerated. The first 4 patients enrolled at 37.5 mg experienced a DLT during lead-in, and a drug interaction between sunitinib and bicalutamide was suspected. The protocol was revised and concurrent bicalutamide omitted. Of the next 3 patients enrolled at 37.5 mg, 2 of 3 receiving concurrent therapy experienced DLTs during radiation: grade 3 diarrhea and grade 3 proctitis, respectively. Only 1 of 7 patients completed sunitinib at 37.5 mg daily, whereas 3 of 3 patients (25 mg as starting dose) and 3 of 4 patients (25 mg as reduced dose) completed therapy. CONCLUSIONS The feasibility of combined vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)/platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) inhibitor therapy, androgen deprivation, and radiation therapy for prostate cancer was established. Using a daily dosing regimen with lead-in, concurrent, and post-XRT therapy, the recommended phase 2 dose of sunitinib is 25 mg daily.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul G Corn
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Wu Q, Hou X, Xia J, Qian X, Miele L, Sarkar FH, Wang Z. Emerging roles of PDGF-D in EMT progression during tumorigenesis. Cancer Treat Rev 2012; 39:640-6. [PMID: 23261166 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2012.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Revised: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 11/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factor-D (PDGF-D) signaling pathway has been reported to be involved in regulating various cellular processes, such as cell growth, apoptotic cell death, migration, invasion, angiogenesis and metastasis. Recently, multiple studies have shown that PDGF-D plays a critical role in governing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), although the underlying mechanism of PDGF-D-mediated acquisition of EMT is largely unclear. Therefore, this mini review will discuss recent advances in our understanding of the role of PDGF-D in the acquisition of EMT during tumorigenesis. Furthermore, we will summarize the function of chemical inhibitors and natural compounds that are known to inactivate PDGF-D signaling pathway, which leads to the reversal of EMT. In summary, inactivation of PDGF-D could be a novel strategy for achieving better treatment outcome of patients inflicted with cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, Anhui, PR China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|