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Miettinen M, Abdullaev Z, Turakulov R, Quezado M, Luiña Contreras A, Curcio CA, Rys J, Chlopek M, Lasota J, Aldape KD. Assessment of The Utility of The Sarcoma DNA Methylation Classifier In Surgical Pathology. Am J Surg Pathol 2024; 48:112-122. [PMID: 37921028 PMCID: PMC10842611 DOI: 10.1097/pas.0000000000002138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Diagnostic classification of soft tissue tumors is based on histology, immunohistochemistry, genetic findings, and radiologic and clinical correlations. Recently, a sarcoma DNA methylation classifier was developed, covering 62 soft tissue and bone tumor entities. The classifier is based on large-scale analysis of methylation sites across the genome. It includes DNA copy number analysis and determines O 6 methylguanine DNA methyl-transferase methylation status. In this study, we evaluated 619 well-studied soft tissue and bone tumors with the sarcoma classifier. Problem cases and typical examples of different entities were included. The classifier had high sensitivity and specificity for fusion sarcomas: Ewing, synovial, CIC -rearranged, and BCOR -rearranged. It also performed well for leiomyosarcoma, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST), and malignant vascular tumors. There was low sensitivity for diagnoses of desmoid fibromatosis, neurofibroma, and schwannoma. Low specificity of matches was observed for angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma, inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor, Langerhans histiocytosis, schwannoma, undifferentiated sarcoma, and well-differentiated/dedifferentiated liposarcoma. Diagnosis of lipomatous tumors was greatly assisted by the detection of MDM2 amplification and RB1 loss in the copy plot. The classifier helped to establish diagnoses for KIT-negative gastrointestinal stromal tumors, MPNSTs with unusual immunophenotypes, and undifferentiated melanomas. O 6 methylguanine DNA methyl-transferase methylation was infrequent and most common in melanomas (35%), MPNSTs (11%), and undifferentiated sarcomas (11%). The Sarcoma Methylation Classifier will likely evolve with the addition of new entities and refinement of the present methylation classes. The classifier may also help to define new entities and give new insight into the interrelationships of sarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markku Miettinen
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Zied Abdullaev
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Rust Turakulov
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Martha Quezado
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | | | - Janusz Rys
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Cracow Branch, Krakow, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Chlopek
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jerzy Lasota
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kenneth D. Aldape
- Laboratory of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
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Weidema ME, van de Geer E, Koelsche C, Desar IM, Kemmeren P, Hillebrandt-Roeffen MH, Ho VK, van der Graaf WT, Versleijen-Jonkers YM, von Deimling A, Flucke UE. DNA Methylation Profiling Identifies Distinct Clusters in Angiosarcomas. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 26:93-100. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-2180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Zhang Z, Yan S, Cui H, Chen H, Liu J. Correlation Between RASSF1A Gene Promoter Hypermethylation in Serum or Sputum and Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC): A Meta-Analysis. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:5518-5524. [PMID: 31342946 PMCID: PMC6676991 DOI: 10.12659/msm.917457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of RASSF1A promoter hypermethylation of serum or sputum in diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by pooling open published data. Material/Methods Open-published studies relevant to RASSF1A promoter hypermethylation and NSCLC diagnosis were screened through Medline, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and CBM. Number of cases of true positive (tp), false positive (fp), false negative (fn), and true negative (tn) by RASSF1A gene promoter hypermethylation was extracted from each of the include original studies. The combined diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, and symmetric receiver operating characteristic curve (SROC) were calculated, as was the effect size. Results Twelve studies with 826 NSCLC and 598 controls were included in the present work. The combined sensitivity and specificity were 0.45 (95%CI: 0.41–0.48) (random effects) and 0.99(95%CI: 0.98–1.00) (fixed effects) respectively. The pooled positive likelihood ratio (+LR) and negative likelihood ratio (−LR) were 20.27 (9.64–42.61) and 0.53 (0.42–0.66), respectively, through the random effects model. The combined DOR was 46.63 (95%CI: 17.30–125.65) through the fixed effects model. The AUC of the SROC was 0.9989, calculated through Moses’s model for RASSF1A promoter hypermethylation as a biomarker in diagnosis of NSCLC. Conclusions The low diagnostic sensitivity for RASSF1A gene promoter hypermethylation indicated that it is not suitable for NSCLC screening. However, the high specificity made it effective for NSCLC confirmation diagnosis, which could be used instead of pathological diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- Department of Lung Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China (mainland).,Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin, China (mainland).,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China (mainland).,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Shaohui Yan
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Fourth Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Haijing Cui
- Department of Oncology, The First Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China (mainland)
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Lung Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China (mainland).,Tianjin Lung Cancer Center, Tianjin, China (mainland).,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China (mainland).,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Jianmin Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangshan People's Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei, China (mainland)
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Multi-platform profiling of over 2000 sarcomas: identification of biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets. Oncotarget 2016; 6:12234-47. [PMID: 25906748 PMCID: PMC4494935 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Drug development in sarcoma has been hampered by the rarity and heterogeneity of the disease and lack of predictive biomarkers to therapies. We assessed protein expression and gene alterations in a large number of bone and soft tissue sarcomas in order to categorize the molecular alterations, identify predictive biomarkers and discover new therapeutic targets. Methods: Data from sarcoma specimens profiled for protein expression, gene amplification/translocation and DNA sequencing was reviewed. Results: 2539 sarcoma specimens of 22 subtypes were included. TOPO2A was the most overexpressed protein at 52.8%. There was overexpression or loss of other sarcoma relevant proteins such as SPARC, PTEN and MGMT. Approximately 50% of the sarcomas expressed PD-L1 by IHC and presented with PD-1+ TILs, notably the LMS, chondrosarcomas, liposarcomas and UPS. Gene amplification/rearrangement of ALK, cMYC, HER2, PIK3CA, TOPO2A and cMET was relatively uncommon. EGFR gene amplification occurred at a rate of 16.9%. DNA sequencing of 47 genes identified mutations in 47% of the samples. The most commonly mutated genes were TP53 (26.3%) and BRCA2 (17.6%). Overexpression of TOPO2A was associated with TP53 mutation (P = 0.0001). Conclusion: This data provides the landscape of alterations in sarcoma. Future clinical trials are needed to validate these targets.
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Kusabe Y, Kawashima H, Ogose A, Sasaki T, Ariizumi T, Hotta T, Endo N. Effect of temozolomide on the viability of musculoskeletal sarcoma cells. Oncol Lett 2015; 10:2511-2518. [PMID: 26622881 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Musculoskeletal sarcomas (MSS) are a heterogeneous group of malignancies with relatively high mortality rates. The prognosis for patients with MSS is poor, with few drugs inducing measurable activity. Alkylating agents, namely ifosfamide and dacarbazine, which act nonspecifically on proliferating cells, are the typical therapy prescribed for advanced MSS. A novel alkylating agent, temozolomide (TMZ), has several advantages over existing alkylating agents. TMZ induces the formation of O6-methylguanine in DNA, thereby inducing mismatches during DNA replication and the subsequent activation of apoptotic pathways. However, due to conflicting data in the literature, the mechanism of TMZ action has remained elusive. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate apoptosis in MSS cells treated with TMZ, and to evaluate the correlation between TMZ action and survival pathways, including the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. Cell proliferation was evaluated by performing an XTT (sodium 3'-[1-(phenylaminocarbonyl)-3,4-tetrazolium]-bis (4-methoxy-6-nitro) benzene sulfonic acid hydrate) assay. Apoptotic morphological changes, for example chromatin condensation, were evaluated by fluorescence confocal microscopy. The expression of the apoptosis-associated proteins caspase-3, poly adenosine diphosphate ribose polymerase (PARP), Akt and ERK1/2, was determined by western blotting. The results of the present study indicated that, in certain MSS cells, the IC50 value was lower than that in TMZ-sensitive U-87 MG cells. Furthermore, TMZ treatment was associated with apoptotic morphological changes and the expression levels of pro-apoptotic cleaved caspase-3 and PARP were also increased in TMZ-treated MSS cells. In addition, the results indicated that PI3K/Akt and ERK1/2 MAPK were constitutively phosphorylated in MSS cells, and phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt was suppressed in certain cells, and maintained in other cells, by TMZ. These observations emphasized the plasticity of MSS cells, and suggested that this plasticity may contribute to the variance in cell sensitivity to TMZ and TMZ-resistance in MSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Kusabe
- School of Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 851-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kawashima
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 851-8510, Japan
| | - Akira Ogose
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 851-8510, Japan
| | - Taro Sasaki
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 851-8510, Japan
| | - Takashi Ariizumi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Niigata Cancer Center Hospital, Niigata 951-8566, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Hotta
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 851-8510, Japan
| | - Naoto Endo
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 851-8510, Japan
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