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Dana SMMA, Meghdadi M, Kakhki SK, Khademi R. Anti-leukemia effects of ginsenoside monomer: A narrative review of pharmacodynamics study. CURRENT THERAPEUTIC RESEARCH 2024; 100:100739. [PMID: 38706463 PMCID: PMC11066596 DOI: 10.1016/j.curtheres.2024.100739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Background Leukemia is a prevalent disease with high mortality and morbidity rates. Current therapeutic approaches are expensive and have side effects. Objective In this investigation, we reviewed studies that investigated the anticancer effects of ginsenoside derivatives against leukemia and also explained the three main Ginsenoside derivatives (ginsenoside Rg3, Rh2, and Rg1) separately. Methods An extensive search was conducted in Pubmed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar and relevant studies that investigated anticancer effects of ginsenoside derivatives against leukemia cancer were extracted and reviewed. Results Preclinical studies reported that ginsenoside derivatives can induce apoptosis, suppress the proliferation of cancer cells, and induce differentiation and cell cycle arrest in leukemia cells. in addition, it can suppress the chemokine activity and extramedullary infiltration of leukemia cells from bone marrow. using herbal medicine and its derivatives is a promising approach to current health problems. Conclusion This review shows that ginsenoside derivatives can potentially suppress the growth of leukemia cells via various pathways and can be applied as a new natural medicine for future clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammadreza Meghdadi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, Faculty of Medical Science, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saeed Khayat Kakhki
- Department of Gerontological Nursing, School of Nursing, Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Reza Khademi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Oladipo SD, Luckay RC, Olofinsan KA, Obakachi VA, Zamisa SJ, Adeleke AA, Badeji AA, Ogundare SA, George BP. Antidiabetes and antioxidant potential of Schiff bases derived from 2-naphthaldehye and substituted aromatic amines: Synthesis, crystal structure, Hirshfeld surface analysis, computational, and invitro studies. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23174. [PMID: 38163168 PMCID: PMC10756989 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Three Schiff bases were synthesised by the condensation reaction between 2-napthaldehyde and aromatic amines to afford (E)-N-mesityl-1-(naphthalen-2-yl)methanimine (L1), (E)-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-1-(naphthalen-2-yl)methanimine (L2) and (E)-N-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-1-(naphthalen-2-yl)methanimine (L3). The synthesised compounds were characterised using UV-visible, NMR (13C & 1H), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic methods while their purity was ascertained by elemental analysis. Structural analysis revealed that the naphthalene ring is almost coplanar with the imine functional group as evident by C1-C10-C11-N1 torsion angles of 176.4(2)° and 179.4(1)° in L2 and L3, respectively. Of all the various intermolecular contacts, H⋯H interactions contributed mostly towards the Hirshfeld surfaces of both L2 (58.7 %) and L3 (69.7 %). Quantum chemical descriptors of L1 - L3 were determined using Density Functional Theory (DFT) and the results obtained showed that the energy band gap (ΔE) for L1, L2 and L3 are 3.872, 4.023 and 4.004 eV respectively. The antidiabetic potential of the three compounds were studied using α-amylase and α-glucosidase assay. Compound L1 showed very promising antidiabetic activities with IC50 values of 58.85 μg/mL and 57.60 μg/mL while the reference drug (Acarbose) had 405.84 μg/mL and 35.69 μg/mL for α-amylase and α-glucosidase respectively. In-silico studies showed that L1 docking score as well as binding energies are higher than that of acarbose, which are recognized inhibitors of α-amylase together with α-glucosidase. Further insight from the RMSF, RMSD and RoG analysis predicted that, throughout the simulation L1 showcased evident influence on the structural stability of α-amylase. The antioxidant potential of the compounds was carried out using nitric oxide (NO), ferric reducing ability power (FRAP) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays. The compounds exhibited good to fairly antioxidant properties with L1 as well as L3 having IC50 values of 70.91 and 91.21 μg/mL respectively for NO scavenging activities assay, which comparatively outshined acarbose (reference drug) with IC50 value of 109.95 μg/mL. Pharmacology and pharmacokinetics approximations of L1 - L3 showed minimal violation of Lipinski's Ro5 and this projects them to be less toxic and orally bioavailable as potential templates for the design of therapeutics with antioxidant and antidiabetic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Segun D. Oladipo
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University, P.M.B 2002, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria
| | - Robert C. Luckay
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Kolawole A. Olofinsan
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O Box 17011, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa
| | - Vincent A. Obakachi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Sizwe J. Zamisa
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Westville Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Adesola A. Adeleke
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University, P.M.B 2002, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria
| | - Abosede A. Badeji
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Tai Solarin University of Education, Ijagun, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Segun A. Ogundare
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University, P.M.B 2002, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria
| | - Blassan P. George
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O Box 17011, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa
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Boopathi V, Nahar J, Murugesan M, Subramaniyam S, Kong BM, Choi SK, Lee CS, Ling L, Yang DU, Yang DC, Mathiyalagan R, Chan Kang S. In silico and in vitro inhibition of host-based viral entry targets and cytokine storm in COVID-19 by ginsenoside compound K. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19341. [PMID: 37809955 PMCID: PMC10558348 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is a novel coronavirus that emerged as an epidemic, causing a respiratory disease with multiple severe symptoms and deadly consequences. ACE-2 and TMPRSS2 play crucial and synergistic roles in the membrane fusion and viral entry of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). The spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2 binds to the ACE-2 receptor for viral entry, while TMPRSS2 proteolytically cleaves the S protein into S1 and S2 subunits, promoting membrane fusion. Therefore, ACE-2 and TMPRSS2 are potential drug targets for treating COVID-19, and their inhibition is a promising strategy for treatment and prevention. This study proposes that ginsenoside compound K (G-CK), a triterpenoid saponin abundant in Panax Ginseng, a dietary and medicinal herb highly consumed in Korea and China, effectively binds to and inhibits ACE-2 and TMPRSS2 expression. We initially conducted an in-silico evaluation where G-CK showed a high affinity for the binding sites of the two target proteins of SARS-CoV-2. Additionally, we evaluated the stability of G-CK using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations for 100 ns, followed by MM-PBSA calculations. The MD simulations and free energy calculations revealed that G-CK has stable and favorable energies, leading to strong binding with the targets. Furthermore, G-CK suppressed ACE2 and TMPRSS2 mRNA expression in A549, Caco-2, and MCF7 cells at a concentration of 12.5 μg/mL and in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells at a concentration of 6.5 μg/mL, without significant cytotoxicity.ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression were significantly lower in A549 and RAW 264.7 cells following G-CK treatment. These findings suggest that G-CK may evolve as a promising therapeutic against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinothini Boopathi
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, South Korea
| | - Jinnatun Nahar
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, South Korea
| | - Mohanapriya Murugesan
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, South Korea
| | | | - Byoung Man Kong
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, South Korea
| | - Sung-Keun Choi
- Daedong Korea Ginseng Co., Ltd, 86, Gunbuk-ro, Gunbuk-myeon, Geumsan-gun, Chungcheongnam-do 32718 Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Soon Lee
- Daedong Korea Ginseng Co., Ltd, 86, Gunbuk-ro, Gunbuk-myeon, Geumsan-gun, Chungcheongnam-do 32718 Republic of Korea
| | - Li Ling
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, South Korea
| | - Dong Uk Yang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, South Korea
| | - Deok Chun Yang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, South Korea
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, South Korea
| | - Ramya Mathiyalagan
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, South Korea
| | - Se Chan Kang
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, South Korea
- Department of Oriental Medicinal Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 17104, South Korea
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Zhao R, Zhang Q, Liu W, Lin Y, He Y, Chang D, Li S, Xu W, Lin Y, Zheng Y, Zhou X, Huang M. Pien Tze Huang attenuated acetaminophen-induced liver injury by autophagy mediated-NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 311:116285. [PMID: 36933874 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Pien Tze Huang is a classic traditional Chinese medicinal product, used for inflammatory diseases as stated in Chinese Pharmacopoeia. In particular, it is effective in treating liver diseases and pro-inflammatory conditions. Acetaminophen (APAP) is a widely used analgesic drug, but its over-dose is associated with acute liver failure where the clinical approved antidote treatment is limited. Inflammation has been considered as one of the therapeutic targets against APAP-induced liver injury. AIM OF THE STUDY We aimed to explore the therapeutic potential of Pien Tze Huang tablet (PTH) on protecting liver against APAP-induced liver injury through its strong anti-inflammatory pharmacological action. MATERIALS AND METHODS Wild-type C57BL/6 mice were given PTH (75, 150 and 300 mg/kg) by oral gavage 3 days before the APAP injection (400 mg/kg). The protective effect of PTH was assessed by aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) levels and pathological staining. The mechanisms underlying PTH's hepatoprotective effects were investigated in nucleotide-binding domain (NOD)-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) knock-out (NLRP3-/-), over expression NLRP3 (oe-NLRP3) mice, and wild-type mice with the injection of autophagy inhibitor (3-methyladenine, 3-MA). RESULTS APAP-exposed mice resulted in evident liver injury which was evidenced by hepatic necrosis and elevated levels of AST and ALT in the wild-type C57BL/6 mice. PTH dose-dependently reduced ALT, AST and upregulated autophagy activity. In addition, PTH significantly reduced elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines and NLRP3 inflammasome. The liver protective effect of PTH (300 mg/kg) was still obvious in the oe-NLRP3 mice, however, it became insignificant in the NLRP3-/- mice. When PTH (300 mg/kg) was co-treated with 3-MA to the wild-type C57BL/6 mice, the NLRP3 inhibition were reversed when autophagy was blocked. CONCLUSION PTH exerted a beneficial effect in protecting liver against APAP-induced liver injury. The underlying molecular mechanism was associated with the NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition which was likely driven by the upregulated autophagy activity. Our study underpins the traditional use of PTH in protecting liver through its anti-inflammatory action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruowei Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350100, China.
| | - Qing Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350100, China.
| | - Wenjing Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350100, China.
| | - Yifan Lin
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350100, China.
| | - Yuhui He
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350100, China.
| | - Dennis Chang
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia.
| | - Shaohua Li
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350100, China.
| | - Wen Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350100, China.
| | - Yanxiang Lin
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350100, China.
| | - Yanfang Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350100, China.
| | - Xian Zhou
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia.
| | - Mingqing Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350100, China.
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5
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Evaluation of Antioxidant Capacity (ABTS and CUPRAC) and Total Phenolic Content (Folin-Ciocalteu) Assays of Selected Fruit, Vegetables, and Spices. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE 2022; 2022:2581470. [PMID: 36506706 PMCID: PMC9729023 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2581470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Antioxidant (AOX) capacity assays are important analytical tools, used worldwide to measure the AOX capacities of various food commodities. Although numerous protocols have been published to ascertain AOX capacities, there are increasing concerns about the reliability of many of these assays. Poor correlation of results between various assays, as well as problems with reproducibility, consistency, and accuracy, is to blame. Published AOX assays also differ markedly from each other by employing different reaction conditions, using different extracting solvents, and applying dissimilar quantification methods. In this study, AOX capacities of a range of fruit, vegetables, and spices, commonly consumed and of commercial importance in Australia and worldwide, were measured in both hydrophilic and lipophilic solvents by using two different assay systems. As the polyphenolic compounds present in any sample matrix are the main contributors to its AOX properties, the commodities were also analysed for total phenolic content (TPC), again using both solvent systems. Analysis of the results from the current study with values from the published literature exposed the challenges that make direct comparison of any quantitative results difficult. However, a strong mutual correlation of our assay results facilitated a meaningful comparison of the data within the laboratory. Concurrent use of lipophilic and hydrophilic solvents made the results more reliable and understandable. Findings from this study will aid to address the existing challenges and bring a more rational basis to the AOX capacities. This unique analytical approach also provided a platform to build an internal reference database for the commonly consumed and commercially important food commodities with the potential to broaden the scope into a database for similar food matrices.
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6
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Pang L, Jiang X, Lian X, Chen J, Song EF, Jin LG, Xia ZY, Ma HC, Cai Y. Caloric restriction-mimetics for the reduction of heart failure risk in aging heart: with consideration of gender-related differences. Mil Med Res 2022; 9:33. [PMID: 35786219 PMCID: PMC9252041 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-022-00389-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The literature is full of claims regarding the consumption of polyphenol or polyamine-rich foods that offer some protection from developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). This is achieved by preventing cardiac hypertrophy and protecting blood vessels through improving the function of endothelium. However, do these interventions work in the aged human hearts? Cardiac aging is accompanied by an increase in left ventricular hypertrophy, along with diastolic and systolic dysfunction. It also confers significant cardiovascular risks for both sexes. The incidence and prevalence of CVD increase sharply at an earlier age in men than women. Furthermore, the patterns of heart failure differ between sexes, as do the lifetime risk factors. Do caloric restriction (CR)-mimetics, rich in polyphenol or polyamine, delay or reverse cardiac aging equally in both men and women? This review will discuss three areas: (1) mechanisms underlying age-related cardiac remodeling; (2) gender-related differences and potential mechanisms underlying diminished cardiac response in older men and women; (3) we select a few polyphenol or polyamine rich compounds as the CR-mimetics, such as resveratrol, quercetin, curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate and spermidine, due to their capability to extend health-span and induce autophagy. We outline their abilities and issues on retarding aging in animal hearts and preventing CVD in humans. We discuss the confounding factors that should be considered for developing therapeutic strategies against cardiac aging in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Pang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xi Jiang
- Health Promotion Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xin Lian
- Department of Urology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Henry Fok School of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, 512000, Guangdong, China
| | - Er-Fei Song
- Department of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery, Jinan University First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, 510630, China.,Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lei-Gang Jin
- Department of Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zheng-Yuan Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524000, Guangdong, China
| | - Hai-Chun Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Yin Cai
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
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7
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Jin D, Li L, Dong W, Zhu X, Xia X, Wang R, Ye J, Li R, Liu Z, Xu X, Gao L, Liu Y, Wang H. Research on Transfer Rate of Heavy Metals and Harmful Elements in Traditional Chinese Medicine Extraction and Refining Processes and Product Health Risk Assessment. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:1956-1964. [PMID: 34275097 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02788-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ramulus Mori alkaloids, also known as SangZhi alkaloids (SZ-A), is a natural medicine used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in China. SZ-A is extracted from Morus alba L., which grows in the natural environment and may be contaminated by heavy metals and harmful elements. These contaminants can enter SZ-A products during the extraction of M. alba, thereby posing a threat to patient health. Therefore, it is necessary to formulate scientific and reasonable limits to ensure patient safety. For this purpose, in this study, we used the extraction process of SZ-A as the object of investigation and determined the content of five harmful elements: Cd, Pb, As, Hg, and Cu in the herb raw material, SZ-A product, and its intermediates obtained in different extraction steps. Next, the transfer rate of harmful elements in the extraction process was used as an indicator to evaluate the ability of different operations to remove harmful elements. Subsequently, the health risks of heavy metals and harmful elements in SZ-A were assessed. Our results demonstrated that M. alba has little risk of contamination by Hg. The cation and anion resin refining processes are the best effective method to remove Cd, Pb, and Cu from the products. However, As is not easily eliminated during the water extraction. There is as much as 87% of As transferred from the herb raw material to the water-extracted intermediate, while Cd, Pb, and Cu are rarely transferred (6% to 17%) under the same conditions. Overall, the results indicate that the regulatory standard limits for Cd, Pb, As, Hg, and Cu contained in natural medicine Ramulus Mori alkaloids are set to 1, 5, 2, 0.2, and 20 μg/g, respectively, which is the most scientific and it can guarantee the safety of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dujia Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Wujun Dong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
- Center for Drug Evaluation, National Medical Products Administration, No. 128 Jianguo Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100022, China
| | - Xiangyang Zhu
- Beijing Wehand-Bio Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 30 Tianfu Street, Beijing, 102600, China
- Guangxi Wehand-Bio Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 16 Jincheng Street, Yizhou, 546300, Guangxi, China
| | - Xuejun Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Renyun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jun Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Ran Li
- Beijing Wehand-Bio Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 30 Tianfu Street, Beijing, 102600, China
- Guangxi Wehand-Bio Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 16 Jincheng Street, Yizhou, 546300, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhihua Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
- Beijing Wehand-Bio Pharmaceutical Company Limited, 30 Tianfu Street, Beijing, 102600, China
| | - Xueqing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Lili Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yuling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Hongliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
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8
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Payandeh Z, Pirpour Tazehkand A, Azargoonjahromi A, Almasi F, Alagheband Bahrami A. The Role of Cell Organelles in Rheumatoid Arthritis with Focus on Exosomes. Biol Proced Online 2021; 23:20. [PMID: 34736402 PMCID: PMC8567674 DOI: 10.1186/s12575-021-00158-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Auto-immune diseases involved at least 25% of the population in wealthy countries. Several factors including genetic, epigenetic, and environmental elements are implicated in development of Rheumatoid Arthritis as an autoimmune disease. Autoantibodies cause synovial inflammation and arthritis, if left untreated or being under continual external stimulation, could result in chronic inflammation, joint injury, and disability. T- and B-cells, signaling molecules, proinflammatory mediators, and synovium-specific targets are among the new therapeutic targets. Exosomes could be employed as therapeutic vectors in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Herein, the role of cell organelle particularly exosomes in Rheumatoid Arthritis had discussed and some therapeutic applications of exosome highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Payandeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abbas Pirpour Tazehkand
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Faezeh Almasi
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Lab, Department of Microbial Biotechnology, School of Biology and Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Armina Alagheband Bahrami
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Pien-Tze-Huang, a Chinese patent formula, attenuates NLRP3 inflammasome-related neuroinflammation by enhancing autophagy via the AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111814. [PMID: 34146853 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
NLRP3 inflammasome is a key mediator in ischemic stroke-induced neuroinflammation and subsequent brain injury. Our previous study demonstrated the potent activity of Pien-Tze-Huang (PTH), a well-known Chinese patent formula, in reducing mitochondria-mediated neuronal apoptosis in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion impaired rats. This study aims to elucidate the mechanistic action of PTH related to neuroinflammation in LPS-induced BV2 microglial cells and cerebral ischemia/reperfusion impaired rats. BV2 cells were stimulated with LPS for 12 h and treated with PTH with various concentrations. Modulation by PTH of relevant genes (IL-6, IL-1β, IL-18, TNF-α, COX-2 and iNOS mRNA) and proteins (NLRP3 inflammasome, autophagy and AMPK/mTOR/ULK signaling) was analyzed by real-time PCR and western blot, respectively. Similar analyses were conducted in middle cerebral artery occlusion rat model including neurological deficit, infarct volume, microglial activation, and key genes and proteins in modulating autophagy and NLRP3. Our results showed that PTH significantly inhibited the production of key proinflammatory mediators and protein expressions of NLRP3 and caspase-1 p20 in LPS induced BV2 cells. It also enhanced the autophagy response by modulating the key autophagy proteins via AMPK/mTOR/ULK related pathway. The reduced inflammatory responses and NLRP3 expressions by PTH were partially blocked by the autophagy inhibitor (3-MA) and AMPK blocker (compound C). In rats, PTH significantly reduced infarct size, suppressed microglial activation, and improved neuron deficit. It also promoted autophagy and reduced NLRP3 activity. Our study demonstrated that PTH inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated neuroinflammation, which was associated with enhanced autophagy via AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 pathway in vitro and in vivo.
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Power Spectrum Features of Acupoint Bioelectricity Signal. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:6638807. [PMID: 33953785 PMCID: PMC8057873 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6638807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background Since the 1950s, many studies have been conducted on the electrical properties of acupuncture points (acupoints), especially their bio-resistance characteristics. Results of such studies have been inconclusive due to factors such as sweat gland density and compounding factors of applying electrical stimulation. In this study, a power spectrum instrument was used to assess the power spectrum and power of acupoints and nonacupoints without electrical stimulation. Using such instrumentation, specificity of electrical signals of acupoints was also explored. Methods Thirty-six subjects (29 females, 7 males) participated in the study. Stainless steel acupuncture needles (diameter 0.35 mm; length 50 mm) were used. Five acupoints were tested: ST 36, SP 6, GB 39, GB 37, and K I9. Four control sites 0.5–1.0 cm adjacent to each acupoint were chosen. After needle insertion into the acupoint and control sites, the needles were attached to the power spectrum instrument to acquire any electrical signals. Acquire signals were analyzed using self-written software. Results Power spectrum difference between acupoint and nonacupoint signals was 0–2 Hz. Results of t-test or signed rank sum test (α = 0.05) found that electrical signals between acupoints and nonacupoints were markedly different (P < 0.05). Conclusion Acupoint bioelectricity signals are higher than adjacent nonacupoints. The most significant difference is distributed between 0 Hz and 2 Hz.
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Thirunavukkarasu MK, Shin WH, Karuppasamy R. Exploring safe and potent bioactives for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:241. [PMID: 33968584 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02797-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Activating and suppressing mutations in the MAPK pathway receptors are the primary causes of NSCLC. Of note, MEK inhibition is considered a promising strategy because of the diverse structures and harmful effects of upstream receptors in MAPK pathway. Thus, we explore a total of 1574 plant-based bioactive compounds activity against MEK using an energy-based virtual screening strategy. Molecular docking, binding free energy, and drug-likeness analysis were performed through GLIDE, Prime MM-GBSA, and QikProp module, respectively. The findings indicate that 5-O-caffeoylshikimic acid has an increased binding affinity to MEK protein. Further, molecular dynamic simulations and MM-PBSA analysis were performed to explore the ligand activity in real-life situations. In essence, compounds inhibitory activity was validated across 77 lung cancer cell lines using multimodal attention-based neural network algorithm. Eventually, our analysis highlight that 5-O-caffeoylshikimic acid obtained from the bark of Rhizoma smilacis glabrae would be developed as a potential compound for treating NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthu Kumar Thirunavukkarasu
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Tamil Nadu, Vellore, 632014 India
| | - Woong-Hee Shin
- Department of Chemical Science Education, College of Education, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ramanathan Karuppasamy
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Tamil Nadu, Vellore, 632014 India
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Verma T, Sinha M, Bansal N, Yadav SR, Shah K, Chauhan NS. Plants Used as Antihypertensive. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2021; 11:155-184. [PMID: 33174095 PMCID: PMC7981375 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-020-00281-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is a critical health problem and worse other cardiovascular diseases. It is mainly of two types: Primary or essential hypertension and Secondary hypertension. Hypertension is the primary possibility feature for coronary heart disease, stroke and renal vascular disease. Herbal medicines have been used for millions of years for the management and treatment of hypertension with minimum side effects. Over aim to write this review is to collect information on the anti-hypertensive effects of natural herbs in animal studies and human involvement as well as to recapitulate the underlying mechanisms, from the bottom of cell culture and ex-vivo tissue data. According to WHO, natural herbs/shrubs are widely used in increasing order to treat almost all the ailments of the human body. Plants are the regular industrial units for the invention of chemical constituents, they used as immunity booster to enhance the natural capacity of the body to fight against different health problems as well as herbal medicines and food products also. Eighty percent population of the world (around 5.6 billion people) consume medicines from natural plants for major health concerns. This review provides a bird's eye analysis primarily on the traditional utilization, phytochemical constituents and pharmacological values of medicinal herbs used to normalize hypertension i.e. Hibiscus sabdariffa, Allium sativum, Andrographis paniculata, Apium graveolens, Bidenspilosa, Camellia sinensis, Coptis chinensis, Coriandrum sativum, Crataegus spp., Crocus sativus, Cymbopogon citrates, Nigella sativa, Panax ginseng,Salviaemiltiorrhizae, Zingiber officinale, Tribulus terrestris, Rauwolfiaserpentina, Terminalia arjuna etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarawanti Verma
- I.K. Gujral Punjab Technical University (IKGPTU), Jalandhar, Punjab India
| | - Manish Sinha
- Laureate Institute of Pharmacy, Kathog, Jwalamukhi, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh India
| | - Nitin Bansal
- Department of Pharmacology, ASBASJSM College of Pharmacy, BELA, Ropar, Punjab India
| | - Shyam Raj Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, S.P. Jain College (Veer Kunwar Singh University, Ara), Sasaram, Bihar India
| | - Kamal Shah
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, NH#2, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh 281406 India
| | - Nagendra Singh Chauhan
- Drugs Testing Laboratory Avam Anusandhan Kendra, 1st Floor Govt. Ayurvedic Hospital Building, Govt. Ayurvedic College Campus G.E. Road, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492010 India
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Chen Z. Pien Tze Huang (PZH) as a Multifunction Medicinal Agent in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM): a review on cellular, molecular and physiological mechanisms. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:146. [PMID: 33658028 PMCID: PMC7931540 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01785-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
RELEVANCE Pien Tze Huang (PZH) is a well-known Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), characterized by a multitude of pharmacological effects, such as hepatoprotection and inhibition of inflammation and cell proliferative conditions. Many of these effects have been validated at the cellular, molecular and physiological levels but, to date, most of these findings have not been comprehensively disclosed. OBJECTIVES This review aims to provide a critical summary of recent studies focusing on PZH and its multiple pharmacological effects. As a result, we further discuss some novel perspectives related to PZH's mechanisms of action and a holistic view of its therapeutic activities. METHODS A systematic review was performed focusing on PZH studies originated from original scientific resources. The scientific literature retrieved for this work was obtained from International repositories including NCBI/PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases. RESULTS The major active componentes and their potential functions, including hepatoprotective and neuroprotective effects, as well as anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activities, were summarized and categorized accordingly. As indicated, most of the pharmacological effects were validated in vitro and in vivo. The identification of complex bioactive components in PZH may provide the basis for further therapeutic initiatives. CONCLUSION Here we have collectively discussed the recent evidences covering most, if not all, pharmacological effects driven by PZH. This review provides novel perspectives on understanding the modes of action and the holistic view of TCM. The rational development of future clinical trials will certainly provide evidence-based medical evidences that will also confirm the therapeutic advantages of PZH, based on the current information available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiliang Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of PTH Natural Medicine Research and Development, Zhangzhou PTH Pharmaceutical CO., LTD, Zhangzhou, 363000, China.
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Ashique S, Sandhu NK, Haque SN, Koley K. A Systemic Review on Topical Marketed Formulations, Natural Products, and Oral Supplements to Prevent Androgenic Alopecia: A Review. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2020; 10:345-365. [PMID: 33011954 PMCID: PMC7648777 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-020-00267-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Androgens have an intense consequence on the human scalp and body hair. Scalp hair sprouts fundamentally in awol of androgens whereas the body hair hike is vulnerable to the activity of androgens. Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) invoked as males emulate Alopecia due to the cause of the dynamic reduction of scalp hair. Androgens are medium of terminus growth of hair although the body. Local and system androgens convert the extensive terminal follicles into lesser vellus like structure. The out start of this type of alopecia is intensely irregular and the reason behind this existence of enough circulating steroidal hormones androgens and due to genetic predisposition. Effective treatments are available in the market as well as under clinical and preclinical testing. Many herbal formulations are also available but not FDA approved. Different conventional and NDDS formulations are already available in the market. To avoid various systemic side effects of both Finasteride and Minoxidil, topical formulations and natural products (nutrients, minerals, vitamins) now a days are being widely used to treat Androgenic alopecia. CAM (complementary and alternative medicine) provides the option to elect favorable, low-risk, adjuvant and alternative therapies. Herein, we offer a widespread review of topical marketed formulations, natural products, and CAM treatment options for AGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumel Ashique
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India
| | - Navjot Kaur Sandhu
- Department of Quality Assurance and Pharmaceutical Analysis, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India.
| | - Sk Niyamul Haque
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Gurunanak Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700110, India
| | - Kartick Koley
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Gurunanak Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700110, India
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Sarma H, Jahan T, Sharma HK. Progress in Drug and Formulation Development for the Chemoprevention of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 13:16-36. [PMID: 30806332 DOI: 10.2174/1872211313666190222182824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is a life-threatening global problem with high incidence rates. Prioritizing the prevention of cancer, chemopreventive agents have drawn much attention from the researchers. OBJECTIVE This review focuses on the discussion of the progress in the development of chemopreventive agents and formulations related to the prevention of oral cancer. METHODS In this perspective, an extensive literature survey was carried out to understand the mechanism, control and chemoprevention of oral cancer. Different patented agents and formulations have also exhibited cancer preventive efficacy in experimental studies. This review summarizes the etiology of oral cancer and developments in prevention strategies. RESULTS The growth of oral cancer is a multistep activity necessitating the accumulation of genetic as well as epigenetic alterations in key regulatory genes. Many risk factors are associated with oral cancer. Genomic technique for sequencing all tumor specimens has been made available to help detect mutations. The recent development of molecular pathway and genetic tools has made the process of diagnosis easier, better forecast and efficient therapeutic management. Different chemical agents have been studied for their efficacy to prevent oral cancer and some of them have shown promising results. CONCLUSION Use of chemopreventive agents, either synthetic or natural origin, to prevent carcinogenesis is a worthy concept in the management of cancers. Preventive measures are helpful in controlling the occurrence or severity of the disease. The demonstrated results of preventive agents have opened an arena for the development of promising chemopreventive agents in the management of oral squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himangshu Sarma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh 786004, Assam, India
| | - Taslima Jahan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh 786004, Assam, India
| | - Hemanta K Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh 786004, Assam, India
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Liu YN, Wu HG, Zheng HD, Wang ZQ, Li SS, Lu Y, Huang Y, Zhou CL, Lu YQ, Liu HR. Effect of acupoints on acupuncture-moxibustion and its therapeutic mechanism. WORLD JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/wjtcm.wjtcm_18_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
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Srinath M, Bindu BBV, Shailaja A, Giri CC. Isolation, characterization and in silico analysis of 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGR) gene from Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f) Nees. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 47:639-654. [PMID: 31781917 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-05172-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzymeA reductase (HMGR), the first rate-limiting enzyme of Mevalonate (MVA) pathway was isolated from Andrographis paniculata (ApHMGR) and expressed in bacterial cells. Full length ApHMGR (1937 bp) was submitted to NCBI with accession number MG271748.1. The open reading frame (ORF) was flanked by a 31-bp 5'-UTR, 118-bp 3'-UTR and ApHMGR contained a 1787 bp ORF encoding protein of 595 amino acids. ApHMGR protein was approximately 64 kDa, with isoelectric point of 5.75. Isolated ApHMGR was cloned into pET102 vector and expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE 3) cells, and characterized by SDS-PAGE. HPLC analysis for andrographolide content in leaf, stem and root of A. paniculata revealed highest in leaf tissue. The expression patterns of ApHMGR in different plant tissues using qRT-PCR revealed high in root tissue correlating with HPLC data. Three dimensional (3D) structural model of ApHMGR displayed 90% of the amino acids in most favored regions of the Ramachandran plot with 93% overall quality factor. ApHMGR was highly conserved with plant specific N-terminal membrane domains and C-terminal catalytic regions. Phylogenetic analysis showed A. paniculata sharing common ancestor with Handroanthus impetiginosus. 3D model of ApHMGR was screened for the interaction with substrates NADPH, HMG CoA and inhibitor using Auto Dock Vina. In silico analysis revealed that full length ApHMGR had extensive similarities to other plant HMGRs. The present communication reports the isolation of full length HMGR from A. paniculata, its heterologous expression in bacterial cells and in silico structural and functional characterization providing valuable genomic information for future molecular interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mote Srinath
- Centre for Plant Molecular Biology (CPMB), Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India
| | | | - Ayeti Shailaja
- Centre for Plant Molecular Biology (CPMB), Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India
| | - Charu Chandra Giri
- Centre for Plant Molecular Biology (CPMB), Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India.
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Sánchez-Araujo M, Luckert-Barela AJ, Sánchez N, Torres J, Conde JE. On Dermatomes, Meridians and Points: Results of a Quasiexperimental Study. Acupunct Med 2018; 32:62-9. [DOI: 10.1136/acupmed-2013-010352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) meridians and points run vertically, reflecting their function in the Zhang-Fu system (meridian pattern). However, the trunk's spinal nerves show a traverse orientation, or a ‘horizontal pattern’. Objective The aim of the present work was to evaluate, via a cognitive quasiexperiment, whether the clinical indications of the points on the trunk are associated with their meridian function or with their innervation and visceral–somatic connection. Methods The points in each dermatome of the trunk were considered crosswise, regardless of their meridians. The clinical indications for each point were differentiated into two mutually exclusive categories: (a) vertical distribution effect (VDE) or ‘meridian pattern’, when indications were quite different regarding the indications for the other points on the dermatome; and (b) transverse distribution effects (TDE) or ‘horizontal pattern’, represented by mainly local or segmental indications except for Shu-Mu points. After observing that the proportions between both categories often exceeded 60% in pilot samples, 60% was adopted as the reference value. Results A total of 22 dermatomes accommodated 148 points with 809 indications, of which 189 indications (23.4%) exhibited VDE features, whereas 620 (76.6%) exhibited TDE features. Conclusions A TDE/VDE ratio of 3 : 1 implies that the clinical indications for the points of any dermatome on the torso are similar, regardless of their meridians, and suggests that most of the indications for trunk points involve a ‘horizontal pattern’ due to their neurobiological nature. These findings may help in understanding acupuncture's neurobiology and clarify some confusing results of clinical research, for example, excluding sham acupuncture as an inert intervention for future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Sánchez-Araujo
- Complementary Therapy Research Unit, Francisco de Miranda University, Coro, Venezuela
- Instituto de Investigación de Salud y Terapéutica, INSYT, Caracas, Venezuela
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Sharma V, Kapoor KK, Mukherjee D, Gupta VK, Dhar MK, Kaul S. Camphor sulphonic acid mediated quantitative 1,3-diol protection of major Labdane diterpenes isolated from Andrographis paniculata. Nat Prod Res 2017; 32:1751-1759. [PMID: 29143537 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2017.1402313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Phytochemical survey of the methanol extract of the dried aerial parts of Andrographis paniculata led to the isolation of major labdane diterpenes, namely 14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide, andrographolide and neoandrographolide. Andrographolide was found to be the major phytoconstituent of the plant which was biologically active. For better physiochemical characteristics and bioefficacy, andrographolide is subjected to semi-synthetic modifications. However, presence of several free hydroxyl groups associated with this molecule make it quite polar and poorly soluble in many organic solvents and hence unsuitable for synthetic modifications. One way of resolving its solubility issue is to protect 1,3-diol quantitatively under mild reaction condition without effecting other functional groups. Reaction conditions were optimised using different solvent systems and catalysts towards this direction. X-ray structure of 3,19-isopropylidene-14-deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide is being reported here for the first time. Isolated compounds and derivatives were confirmed by spectral analysis or X-ray data analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venu Sharma
- a School of Biotechnology , University of Jammu , Jammu , India
| | - Kamal K Kapoor
- b Department of Chemistry , University of Jammu , Jammu , India
| | | | - Vivek K Gupta
- d Department of Physics & Electronics , University of Jammu , Jammu , India
| | - Manoj K Dhar
- a School of Biotechnology , University of Jammu , Jammu , India
| | - Sanjana Kaul
- a School of Biotechnology , University of Jammu , Jammu , India
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Yanfen S, Liangxiao M, Jiang Z, Conghui Q, Yanxia W, Ling T, Chunhua L, Hongwen Y, Yuqi L, Jiashan S. Comparative study on skin temperature response to menstruation at acupuncture points in healthy volunteers and primary dysmenorrhea patients. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2017; 37:220-8. [DOI: 10.1016/s0254-6272(17)30048-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Sham Electroacupuncture Methods in Randomized Controlled Trials. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40837. [PMID: 28106094 PMCID: PMC5247761 DOI: 10.1038/srep40837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sham electroacupuncture (EA) control is commonly used to evaluate the specific effects of EA in randomized-controlled trials (RCTs). However, establishing an inert and concealable sham EA control remains methodologically challenging. Here, we aimed to systematically investigate the sham EA methods. Eight electronic databases were searched from their inception to April 2015. Ten out of the 17 sham EA methods were identified from 94 RCTs involving 6134 participants according to three aspects: needle location, depth of needle insertion and electrical stimulation. The top three most frequently used types were sham EA type A, type L and type O ordinally. Only 24 out of the 94 trials reported credibility tests in six types of sham EA methods and the results were mainly as follows: sham EA type A (10/24), type B (5/24) and type Q (5/24). Compared with sham EA controls, EA therapy in 56.2% trials reported the specific effects, of which the highest positive rate was observed in type N (3/4), type F (5/7), type D (4/6) and type M (2/3). In conclusion, several sham EA types were identified as a promising candidate for further application in RCTs. Nonetheless, more evidence for inert and concealable sham EA control methods is needed.
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Yeggoni DP, Kuehne C, Rachamallu A, Subramanyam R. Elucidating the binding interaction of andrographolide with the plasma proteins: biophysical and computational approach. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra25671f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A phytochemical andrographolide is an anticancer agent with a stable conformation that strongly binds to the plasma proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christian Kuehne
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine
- Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry
- Charite-Universitätsmedizin Berlin
- CVK
- Berlin
| | | | - Rajagopal Subramanyam
- Department of Plant Sciences
- School of Life Sciences
- University of Hyderabad
- Hyderabad 500046
- India
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Zhang DS, Zhang X, Ouyang YH, Zhang L, Ma SL, He J. Incidence of allergic rhinitis and meteorological variables: Non-linear correlation and non-linear regression analysis based on Yunqi theory of chinese medicine. Chin J Integr Med 2016:10.1007/s11655-016-2588-9. [PMID: 27329149 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-016-2588-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the correlations between the incidence of allergic rhinitis (AR) and meteorological variables of previous periods, so as to establish non-linear prediction equations of AR in Beijing area. METHODS AR patients (10,478 cases) collected from Beijing Tongren Hospital during 2007-2010 and meteorological data (including daily average temperature, daily maximum temperature, daily minimum temperature, daily relative humidity, daily average vapor pressure, daily dew point temperature, daily precipitation, daily average wind speed, sea level pressure, and degree of comfort) collected from Beijing Municipal Meteorological Observatory in the same periods were used for the analysis. Non-linear correlation and regression were adopted to analyze the relationship between AR incidence and meteorological variables of former six-qi stage which was defined according to Yunqi theory of Chinese medicine. Comprehensive meteorological parameter was introduced to establish the predictive model. RESULTS The high incidence of AR appeared in the 4th qi stage (from the Beginning of Autumn to Autumn Equinox), while the changes of meteorological variables appeared in the 3rd qi stage (from Grain in Beard to Greater Heat), which advanced one phase. The incidence of AR was closely associated with vapor pressure. The correlation coeffifi cients of two predictive models were between 0.8931-0.9176 and all of them have passed signififi cant statistical tests, which showed a satisfactory fifi tting effect. CONCLUSION Comprehensive meteorological parameters can be used to forecast AR incidence, which is benefifi cial to AR prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Shan Zhang
- Beijing Municipal Meteorological Observatory, Beijing, 100089, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yu-Hui Ouyang
- Beijing Otolaryngology Institute, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Luo Zhang
- Beijing Otolaryngology Institute, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Shi-Lei Ma
- School of Basic Medical Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Juan He
- School of Basic Medical Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
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Dai S, Xu B, Zhang Y, Sun F, Li J, Shi X, Qiao Y. Robust design space development for HPLC analysis of five chemical components in Panax notoginseng saponins. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2016.1198914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shengyun Dai
- Research Center of TCM Information Engineering, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Bing Xu
- Research Center of TCM Information Engineering, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of TCM Manufacturing Process Control and Quality Evaluation, Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Research Center of TCM Information Engineering, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Fei Sun
- Research Center of TCM Information Engineering, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jianyu Li
- Research Center of TCM Information Engineering, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xinyuan Shi
- Research Center of TCM Information Engineering, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of TCM Manufacturing Process Control and Quality Evaluation, Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yanjiang Qiao
- Research Center of TCM Information Engineering, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of TCM Manufacturing Process Control and Quality Evaluation, Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission, Beijing, P. R. China
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Huang LP, Zhou S, Ao M, Zhao ML, Zhang LQ, Cao LJ. Unilateral intramuscular needling can improve ankle dorsiflexor strength and muscle activation in both legs. J Exerc Sci Fit 2015; 13:86-93. [PMID: 29541104 PMCID: PMC5812873 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine whether unilateral manual needling at nonacupoints could result in bilateral strength gain similar to that found in electroacupuncture at specific acupoints. METHODS Fifty healthy male volunteers with an age range of 19-27 years were recruited and randomly allocated into five groups: (1) manual acupuncture and (2) electroacupuncture at two acupoints (ST-36 and ST-39); (3) manual acupuncture and (4) electroacupuncture at two nonacupoints on the tibialis anterior muscle; and (5) control group. The intervention groups received needling in each session on the right leg for 15 minutes in Week 1, 20 minutes in Week 2, and 30 minutes in Weeks 3-8, three sessions per week. The maximal isometric ankle dorsiflexion strength and muscle activation (as determined by twitch interpolation) of both legs were assessed pre, post, 2 weeks post, and 3 weeks post the experimental period. RESULTS Mixed models (linear) with repeated-measures analysis identified significant strength gains (p < 0.01) after the intervention period in both limbs, while no significant differences were detected between the intervention groups and between the two legs, and no change was found in the control group. A significant improvement in muscle activation (p < 0.01) was also observed in both legs in the intervention groups. CONCLUSION It was concluded that both unilateral manual and electric needling caused significant bilateral strength gain, and this effect was not specific to the selected acupoints or electric stimulation. The strength gain was sustained for at least 3 weeks after the 8-week intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ping Huang
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, China
| | - Shi Zhou
- School of Health and Human Sciences, Southern Cross University, Lismore, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ming Ao
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, China
| | - Mei-Ling Zhao
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, China
| | - Li-Qin Zhang
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, China
| | - Long-Jun Cao
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, China
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Dong W, Huang Z. A Method to Evaluate Critical Factors for Successful Implementation of Clinical Pathways. Appl Clin Inform 2015; 6:650-68. [PMID: 26763576 DOI: 10.4338/aci-2015-05-ra-0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Clinical pathways (CPs) have been viewed as a multidisciplinary tool to improve the quality and efficiency of evidence-based care. Despite widespread enthusiasm for CPs, research has shown that many CP initiatives are unsuccessful. To this end, this study provides a methodology to evaluate critical success factors (CSFs) that can aid healthcare organizations to achieve successful CP implementation. DESIGN This study presents a new approach to evaluate CP implementation CSFs, with the aims being: (1) to identify CSFs for implementation of CPs through a comprehensive literature review and interviews with collaborative experts; (2) to use a filed study data with a robust fuzzy DEMATEL (the decision making trial and evaluation laboratory) approach to visualize the structure of complicated causal relationships between CSFs and obtain the influence level of these factors. PARTICIPANTS The filed study data is provided by ten clinical experts of a Chinese hospital. RESULTS 23 identified CSF factors which are initially identified through a review of the literature and interviews with collaborative experts. Then, a number of direct and indirect relationships are derived from the data such that different perceptions can be integrated into a compromised cause and effect model of CP implementation. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that the proposed approach can systematically evaluate CSFs and realize the importance of each factor such that the most common causes of failure of CP implementation could be eliminated or avoided. Therefore, the tool proposed would help healthcare organizations to manage CP implementation in a more effective and proactive way.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Dong
- Cardiology Department, Chinese PLA General Hospital , Beijing, China
| | - Z Huang
- College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, China
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Cho HK, Park IJ, Jeong YM, Lee YJ, Hwang SH. Can perioperative acupuncture reduce the pain and vomiting experienced after tonsillectomy? A meta-analysis. Laryngoscope 2015; 126:608-15. [PMID: 26484723 DOI: 10.1002/lary.25721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Acupuncture has been shown to reduce pain, nausea, and vomiting. However, its use alongside surgical interventions remains a novel practice, despite the increasing applications of alternative medicine. The goal of this meta-analysis was to perform a systematic review of the literature addressing the effect of acupuncture on postoperative pain, nausea, and vomiting following tonsillectomy. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, SCOPUS, and Cochrane database. METHODS Two authors independently searched the databases from the inception of article collection until June 2015. We included 1) analysis studies that compared groups of patients who had received perioperative acupuncture (acupuncture groups) with those who had received a pain control agent or sham treatment (control group); and 2) analysis studies in which the outcomes of interest were postoperative pain intensity, rescue analgesic consumption, or nausea and vomiting. RESULTS The pain score reported by patients during the first 48 hours and the postoperative need for analgesics were significantly lower in the acupuncture group versus the control group. Additionally, the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting was significantly lower in the acupuncture group than in the control group. No major adverse effects of perioperative acupuncture were reported in the enrolled studies. CONCLUSION Perioperative acupuncture may provide pain relief without side effects in patients undergoing tonsillectomy. However, there were high levels of heterogeneity in several of the measured parameters; thus, the efficacy of acupuncture cannot be considered to have been evaluated sufficiently. For this reason, additional large well-designed trials are required to further support the results of this study. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA. Laryngoscope, 126:608-615, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Kyung Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - In Joon Park
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Min Jeong
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Ji Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Hwan Hwang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Guri A, Li Y, Corredig M. Interfacial dilational properties of tea polyphenols and milk proteins with gut epithelia and the role of mucus in nutrient adsorption. Food Funct 2015; 6:3642-51. [PMID: 26328543 DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00654f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
By interacting with nutrients, the mucus layer covering the intestinal epithelium may mediate absorption. This study aimed to determine possible interactions between epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), skim milk proteins or their complexes with human intestinal mucin films. The films were extracted from postconfluent monolayers of HT29-MTX, a human intestinal cell line, and a model system was created using drop shape tensiometry. The EGCG uptake tested in vitro on postconfluent Caco-2 cells or co-cultures of Caco-2/HT29-MTX (mucus producing) showed recovery of bioavailable EGCG only for Caco-2 cell monolayers, suggesting an effect of mucus on absorption. Interfacial dilational rheology was employed to characterize the properties of the interface mixed with mucus dispersion. Adsorption of polyphenols greatly enhanced the viscoelastic modulus of the mucus film, showing the presence of interactions between the nutrient molecules and mucus films. On the other hand, in situ digestion of milk proteins using trypsin showed higher surface activities as a result of protein unfolding and competitive adsorption of the hydrolyzed products. There was an increase of viscoelastic modulus over the drop ageing time for the mixed interfaces, indicating the formation of a stiffer interfacial network. These results bring new insights into the role of the mucus layer in nutrient absorption and the interactions of mucus and dairy products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anilda Guri
- Food Science Department, University of Guelph, Ontario, N1G2W1, Canada
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Abstract
An increasing number of breast cancer survivors have been using acupuncture to reduce side effects associated with cancer treatment, such as joint/muscle discomfort, hot flashes, lymphedema, fatigue, chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy, anxiety and depression. Rigorous clinical research has begun to investigate the safety, efficacy of acupuncture in treating such conditions. Acupuncture has been shown to be a safe procedure with minimal side effects. Most studies showed that acupuncture is significantly better than no acupuncture in relieving such symptoms. The benefit of real acupuncture over sham acupuncture in treating such symptoms has not been fully established. Additional research is needed to determine the efficacy, mechanism and cost–effectiveness of acupuncture. Meanwhile, since acupuncture poses minimal risks and carries potentially significant benefits, this medical procedure remains a reasonable treatment option for breast cancer survivors to alleviate cancer treatment induced side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Bao
- Integrative Medicine Service & Breast Service, 1429 First Avenue, Memorial Sloan–Kettering Cancer Center, NY 10021, USA
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Tan JY, Suen LKP, Wang T, Molassiotis A. Sham Acupressure Controls Used in Randomized Controlled Trials: A Systematic Review and Critique. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132989. [PMID: 26177378 PMCID: PMC4503717 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the commonly utilized sham acupressure procedures in existing acupressure trials, and to assess whether different types of sham interventions yield different therapeutic outcomes, and, as far as possible, to identify directions for the future development of an adequate sham acupressure method. METHODS Randomized controlled trials comparing true acupressure with sham interventions were included. Thirteen electronic databases were adopted to locate relevant studies from inception to July 3, 2014. Meanwhile, eight Chinese journals on complementary and alternative medicine were manually searched to locate eligible articles. In addition, eligible studies listed in the reference lists of the included papers and other related systematic reviews on acupressure were also screened to further search any potentially eligible trials. Methodological quality of the included studies was evaluated using the risk of bias assessment tool developed by the Cochrane Back Review Group. Descriptive analysis was adopted to summarize the therapeutic outcomes. RESULTS Sixty-six studies with 7265 participants were included. Methodological quality of the included trials was generally satisfactory. Six types of sham acupressure approaches were identified and "non-acupoint" stimulation was the most frequently utilized sham point while an acupressure device was the most commonly used approach for administering sham treatments. Acupressure therapy was a beneficial approach in managing a variety of health problems and the therapeutic effect was found to be more effective in the true acupressure groups than that in the sham comparative groups. No clear association could be identified between different sham acupressure modalities and the reported treatment outcomes. CONCLUSIONS A great diversity of sham acupressure controls have been used in clinical practice and research. A solid conclusion whether different sham alternatives are related to different treatment outcomes cannot be derived because of significant clinical heterogeneity among the analyzed trials. Non-acupoints are generally recommended but the definite locations should be identified with caution. For studies using single sham acupoints on hands or legs, it is suggested to apply identical acupressure devices on the same acupoint as in the active intervention without any stimulation. While for studies on pain, stimulation of sham acupoints should be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yu Tan
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- School of Nursing, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Lorna K. P. Suen
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tao Wang
- The Second Affiliated People’s Hospital, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Alexander Molassiotis
- School of Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- * E-mail:
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Liodden I, Sandvik L, Valeberg BT, Borud E, Norheim AJ. Acupuncture versus Usual Care for Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Children after Tonsillectomy/Adenoidectomy: A Pragmatic, Multicentre, Double-Blinded, Randomised Trial. Acupunct Med 2015; 33:196-203. [DOI: 10.1136/acupmed-2014-010738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To investigate the effect of a standardised acupuncture on nausea and vomiting in children after tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy when possible placebo effects were precluded. Methods A pragmatic, multicentre, double-blinded, randomised controlled trial. The study was conducted over 10 months in 2012–2013 at three ambulatory clinics. Two hundred and eighty-two children, age 1–11 years, American Society of Anesthesiologists grade ≤II, were included. To equalise expectancy effects, all parents were told that their child would receive acupuncture. However, children were randomly allocated to perioperative bilateral needling acupuncture at PC6, depth 7 mm, mean time 17 min (SD 5–45) during anaesthesia plus usual care, or to usual care only. The regional ethics committee approved this approach. Primary endpoints were nausea and vomiting 24 h postoperatively. Results This study did not demonstrate any effect of acupuncture (95% CI) compared with standard care. The overall vomiting in the acupuncture and usual-care groups was 44.2% and 47.9%, respectively. Nausea was experienced by 31.7% in the acupuncture group and by 32.6% in the usual-care group. The test power was acceptable for comparisons of vomiting. Conclusions The findings suggest that when controlling for possible placebo effects standardised PC6 acupuncture needling during anaesthesia without further stimulation of PC6 is not effective in reducing nausea and vomiting in children after tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy. Future studies should investigate acupuncture treatment which balances adequate dose and technique and a feasible, child-friendly acupuncture treatment. Trial Registration Number ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01729052.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Liodden
- NAFKAM, Institute of Community Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Leiv Sandvik
- Faculty of Odontology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Berit Taraldsen Valeberg
- Faculty of Health Service, Oslo and Akershus College University of Applied Science, Oslo, Norway
| | - Einar Borud
- NAFKAM, Institute of Community Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Arne Johan Norheim
- NAFKAM, Institute of Community Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Zou C, Yang L, Wu Y, Su G, Chen S, Guo X, Wu X, Liu X, Lin Q. Auricular acupressure on specific points for hemodialysis patients with insomnia: a pilot randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122724. [PMID: 25874938 PMCID: PMC4398355 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the feasibility and acceptability of a randomized controlled trial compared auricular acupressure (AA) on specific acupoints with AA on non-specific acupoints for treating maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients with insomnia. METHODS Sixty three (63) eligible subjects were randomly assigned into either AA group received AA on specific acupoints (n=32), or sham AA (SAA) group received AA on points irrelevant to insomnia treatment (n=31) for eight weeks. All participants were followed up for 12 weeks after treatments. The primary outcome was clinical response at eight weeks after randomization, defined as a reduction of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) global score by 3 points and more. RESULTS Fifty-eight (58) participants completed the trial and five dropped out. Twenty participants in AA group (62.5%) and ten in SAA group (32.3%) responded to the eight-week interventions (χ2 = 5.77, P = 0.02). PSQI global score declined 3.75 ± 4.36 (95%CI -5.32, -2.18) and 2.26 ± 3.89 (95%CI -3.68, -0.83) in AA group and SAA group respectively. Three participants died during the follow-up period. No evidence supported their deaths were related to the AA intervention. No other adverse event was observed. CONCLUSION Feasibility and logistics of patient recruitment, randomization procedure, blinding approach, interventions application and outcome assessment had been tested in this pilot trial. The preliminary data appeared to show a favorable result on AA treatment. A full-scale trial is warranted. TRIAL REGISTRATION Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR-TRC-12002272.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Zou
- Nephrology Center, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong province, P.R. China
| | - Lihong Yang
- Evidence-based Medicine and Clinical Research Service Group, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine (The Second Affiliated Hospital/Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences), Guangzhou, Guangdong province, P.R. China
| | - Yuchi Wu
- Nephrology Center, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong province, P.R. China
| | - Guobin Su
- Nephrology Center, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong province, P.R. China
| | - Shuhui Chen
- Evidence-based Medicine and Clinical Research Service Group, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine (The Second Affiliated Hospital/Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences), Guangzhou, Guangdong province, P.R. China
| | - Xinfeng Guo
- Evidence-based Medicine and Clinical Research Service Group, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine (The Second Affiliated Hospital/Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences), Guangzhou, Guangdong province, P.R. China
| | - Xiuqing Wu
- Nephrology Center, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong province, P.R. China
| | - Xusheng Liu
- Nephrology Center, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong province, P.R. China
| | - Qizhan Lin
- Nephrology Center, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong province, P.R. China
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Lisboa MRP, Gondim DV, Ervolino E, Vale ML, Frota NPR, Nunes NLT, Mariguela VC, Taba M, Messora MR, Furlaneto FAC. Effects of electroacupuncture on experimental periodontitis in rats. J Periodontol 2015; 86:801-11. [PMID: 25741581 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2015.140630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acupuncture has shown the capability of modulating the immuno-inflammatory response of the host. This study aims to evaluate the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) on ligature-induced periodontitis in rats. METHODS Thirty-two animals were divided into four groups: 1) control; 2) experimental periodontitis (EP); 3) sham-treated (EP/EA-sham); and 4) treated with EA (EP/EA). For the EP groups, a ligature was placed around the right mandibular first molars at day 1. Sessions of EA or EA-sham were assigned every other day. For EA treatment, large intestine meridian points LI4 and LI11 and stomach meridian points ST36 and ST44 were used. EA-sham was performed in off-meridian points. Animals were euthanized at day 11. Histomorphometric and microtomographic analyses were performed. Immunolabeling patterns for the receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) were assessed. Expressions of interleukin (IL)-1β, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8, IL-6, and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 messenger RNAs (mRNAs) were evaluated by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Data were analyzed statistically (P <0.05, analysis of variance). RESULTS Histomorphometric and microtomographic analyses demonstrated that group EP/EA presented reduced alveolar bone loss when compared to group EP (P <0.05). Reduced RANKL immunolabeling and fewer TRAP-positive multinucleated cells were observed in the EA-treated group in relation to group EP. No differences were observed in OPG expression among groups. EA treatment decreased the genic expression of IL-1β and MMP-8 (P <0.05), increased the mRNA expression of IL-6 (P <0.05), and did not modify the genic expression of COX-2 in animals with EP (P >0.05). CONCLUSION It can be concluded that EA reduced periodontal tissue breakdown and the expression of some proinflammatory mediators and a proresorptive factor in EP in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario R P Lisboa
- *Department of Clinical Dentistry, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Delane V Gondim
- †Department of Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará
| | - Edilson Ervolino
- ‡Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Histology, Dental School of Aracatuba, São Paulo State University, Aracatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana L Vale
- §Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará
| | - Nicolly P R Frota
- ‖Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, Ribeirao Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nara L T Nunes
- *Department of Clinical Dentistry, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Viviane C Mariguela
- ¶Department of Veterinary Pathology, São Paulo State University, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mario Taba
- ‖Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, Ribeirao Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michel R Messora
- ‖Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, Ribeirao Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávia A C Furlaneto
- ‖Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, Ribeirao Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Belivani M, Lundeberg T, Cummings M, Dimitroula C, Belivani N, Vasilakos D, Hatzitolios A. Immediate effect of three different electroacupuncture protocols on fasting blood glucose in obese patients: a pilot study. Acupunct Med 2014; 33:110-4. [PMID: 25522743 DOI: 10.1136/acupmed-2014-010662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is an increasing global health problem, and current methods of management are limited. Preliminary research data suggest that acupuncture may have an influence on metabolic parameters related to obesity. OBJECTIVE To determine the electroacupuncture (EA) protocol to be used in a future clinical trial examining the effect of acupuncture on metabolic parameters related to obesity and to examine whether a single EA treatment can change fasting blood glucose in obese subjects. METHODS 16 obese women aged 30-52 years with body mass index >30 kg/m(2) were assigned consecutively into three groups and their fasting blood glucose was measured before and after administering a single session, lasting 30 min, of one of three EA treatment protocols. The Dorsal group received EA to dorsal segmental acupuncture points BL18-23 bilaterally (corresponding to the segmental levels innervating the pancreas); the Ear group received EA to ear points in the cavum conchae; and the Limb group received EA to points in the arms and legs (LI10-LI11, ST36-Zongping). RESULTS After a single session of EA there was a statistically significant decrease in fasting blood glucose in the Dorsal and Limb groups, but there was no change and even a trend towards an increase in the glucose level in the Ear group. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this small pilot study suggest that EA to either dorsal segmental points corresponding to the pancreas or to muscle points in all four limbs may exert a beneficial effect on glucose metabolism in obese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Belivani
- First Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Thomas Lundeberg
- Foundation for Acupuncture and Biological Treatment Methods, Sabbatsbergs Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mike Cummings
- British Medical Acupuncture Society, Royal London Hospital for Integrated Medicine, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Charikleia Dimitroula
- First Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nicole Belivani
- First Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitris Vasilakos
- Anaesthesiology and ICU Department, AHEPA Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Apostolos Hatzitolios
- First Propaedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Ghanem H, Haba H, Marcourt L, Benkhaled M, Wolfender JL. Microphynolides A and B, new spiro-γ-lactone glycosides from Thymelaea microphylla. Nat Prod Res 2014; 28:1732-8. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2014.942662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hasna Ghanem
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Chimie de l'Environnement (L.C.C.E), Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Batna, Batna, Algérie
| | - Hamada Haba
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Chimie de l'Environnement (L.C.C.E), Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Batna, Batna, Algérie
| | - Laurence Marcourt
- Phytochemistry and Bioactive Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Science, EPGL, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mohammed Benkhaled
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Chimie de l'Environnement (L.C.C.E), Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Batna, Batna, Algérie
| | - Jean-Luc Wolfender
- Phytochemistry and Bioactive Natural Products, School of Pharmaceutical Science, EPGL, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Mechanisms underlying the effect of acupuncture on cognitive improvement: a systematic review of animal studies. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2014; 9:492-507. [PMID: 24903518 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-014-9550-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Acupuncture has been reported to be beneficial in treating cognitive impairment in various pathological conditions. This review describes the effort to understand the signaling pathways that underlie the acupunctural therapeutic effect on cognitive function. We searched the literature in 12 electronic databases from their inception to November 2013, with full text available and language limited to English. Twenty-three studies were identified under the selection criteria. All recruited animal studies demonstrate a significant positive effect of acupuncture on cognitive impairment. Findings suggest acupuncture may improve cognitive function through modulation of signaling pathways involved in neuronal survival and function, specifically, through promoting cholinergic neural transmission, facilitating dopaminergic synaptic transmission, enhancing neurotrophin signaling, suppressing oxidative stress, attenuating apoptosis, regulating glycometabolic enzymes and reducing microglial activation. However, the quality of reviewed studies has room for improvement. Further high-quality animal studies with randomization, blinding and estimation of sample size are needed to strengthen the recognition of group differences.
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14-Deoxy-11,12-didehydroandrographolide inhibits proliferation and induces GSH-dependent cell death of human promonocytic leukemic cells. J Nat Med 2014; 68:387-94. [DOI: 10.1007/s11418-014-0815-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Zhang L, Wang Y, Xu Y, Lei H, Zhao Y, Li H, Lin X, Chen G, Tang H. Metabonomic analysis reveals efficient ameliorating effects of acupoint stimulations on the menopause-caused alterations in mammalian metabolism. Sci Rep 2014; 4:3641. [PMID: 24407431 PMCID: PMC5378040 DOI: 10.1038/srep03641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Acupoint stimulations are effective in ameliorating symptoms of menopause which is an unavoidable ageing consequence for women. To understand the mechanistic aspects of such treatments, we systematically analyzed the effects of acupoint laser-irradiation and catgut-embedding on the ovariectomy-induced rat metabolic changes using NMR and GC-FID/MS methods. Results showed that ovariectomization (OVX) caused comprehensive metabolic changes in lipid peroxidation, glycolysis, TCA cycle, choline and amino acid metabolisms. Both acupoint laser-irradiation and catgut-embedding ameliorated the OVX-caused metabonomic changes more effectively than hormone replacement therapy (HRT) with nilestriol. Such effects of acupoint stimulations were highlighted in alleviating lipid peroxidation, restoring glucose homeostasis and partial reversion of the OVX-altered amino acid metabolism. These findings provided new insights into the menopause effects on mammalian biochemistry and beneficial effects of acupoint stimulations in comparison with HRT, demonstrating metabonomics as a powerful approach for potential applications in disease prognosis and developments of effective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Biospectroscopy and Metabonomics Centre, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yulan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Biospectroscopy and Metabonomics Centre, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, P. R. China
| | - Yunxiang Xu
- Clinical Medical College of Acupuncture and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, P. R. China
| | - Hehua Lei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Biospectroscopy and Metabonomics Centre, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Biospectroscopy and Metabonomics Centre, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Huihui Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Biospectroscopy and Metabonomics Centre, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xiaosheng Lin
- Affiliated BaoAn TCM Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518101, China
| | - Guizhen Chen
- Affiliated BaoAn TCM Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518101, China
| | - Huiru Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Biospectroscopy and Metabonomics Centre, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Biospectroscopy and Metabolomics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
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Bao T, Cai L, Snyder C, Betts K, Tarpinian K, Gould J, Jeter S, Medeiros M, Chumsri S, Bardia A, Tan M, Singh H, Tkaczuk KHR, Stearns V. Patient-reported outcomes in women with breast cancer enrolled in a dual-center, double-blind, randomized controlled trial assessing the effect of acupuncture in reducing aromatase inhibitor-induced musculoskeletal symptoms. Cancer 2013; 120:381-9. [PMID: 24375332 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.28352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) have been associated with decrements in patient-reported outcomes (PROs). The objective of this study was to assess whether real acupuncture (RA), compared with sham acupuncture (SA), improves PROs in patients with breast cancer who are receiving an adjuvant AI. METHODS Postmenopausal women with a stage 0 through III breast cancer who received an AI and had treatment-associated musculoskeletal symptoms were randomized to receive 8 weekly RA versus SA in a dual-center, randomized controlled trial. The National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) menopausal symptoms questionnaire, the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CESD) scale, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the hot flash daily diary, the Hot Flash-Related Daily Interference Scale (HFRDI), and the European quality-of-life survey (EuroQol) were used to assess PROs at baseline and at 4weeks, 8 weeks, and 12 weeks. RESULTS The intention-to-treat analysis included 23 patients in the RA arm and 24 patients in the SA arm. There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics between the 2 groups. Compared with baseline, scores in the RA arm improved significantly at week 8 on the CESD (P = .022), hot flash severity (P = .006), hot flash frequency (P = .011), the HFRDI (P = .014), and NSABP menopausal symptoms (P = .022); scores in the SA arm improved significantly on the EuroQol (P = .022),the HFRDI (P = .043), and NSABP menopausal symptoms (P = .005). Post-hoc analysis indicated that African American patients (n = 9) benefited more from RA than SA compared with non-African American patients (n = 38) in reducing hot flash severity (P < .001) and frequency (P < .001) scores. CONCLUSIONS Both RA and SA were associated with improvement in PROs among patients with breast cancer who were receiving AIs, and no significant difference was detected between arms. Racial differences in response to acupuncture warrant further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Bao
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland
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Ferreira AS, Luiz AB. Role of dermatomes in the determination of therapeutic characteristics of channel acupoints: a similarity-based analysis of data compiled from literature. Chin Med 2013; 8:24. [PMID: 24341704 PMCID: PMC4129182 DOI: 10.1186/1749-8546-8-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Analysis of the relationship between the nervous system anatomy and the therapeutic characteristics of all acupuncture points in the channel network may provide new insights on the physiological mechanisms underlying acupuncture stimulation for prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation purposes. This study investigates the association between the similarity of acupoints’ dermatomes, traditional actions, and contemporary indications. Methods Channel acupoints had their characteristics annotated from a literature review of four topographic atlases of Chinese medicine and one atlas of human anatomy: initials of the channel’s name (n = 14), sequential number in the channel (n = 67), acupoint’s name (n = 361), dermatomes related to perpendicular needle insertion (n = 31), traditional actions (n = 848), and contemporary indications (n = 1143). Jaccard’s similarity coefficient quantified the similarities between dual acupoints. All dual acupoints were evaluated to generate similarity matrices for each nominal variable. Cross-tables were generated by simultaneous classification of variables into levels of similarity with respect to: dermatomes versus traditional actions, dermatomes versus contemporary indications, and traditional actions versus contemporary indications. Goodman-Kruskal γ and Rousson γ*2 were calculated based on cross-tables, bootstrap and permutated samples to evaluate the association and determination coefficient between variables, respectively. Results Significant associations were observed between levels of similarities of dermatomes and traditional actions (γ = 0.542; P < 0.001), dermatomes and contemporary indications (γ = 0.657; P < 0.001), and traditional actions and contemporary indications (γ = 0.716; P < 0.001). Similarities of dermatomes explained 16% of the variance of traditional actions and 25% of contemporary indications. Traditional actions explained 30% of the variance of contemporary indications. The association between traditional actions and contemporary indications was the highest one (γ = 0.716, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = [0.715; 0.719]), followed by the association between dermatomes and contemporary indications (γ = 0.622, 95% CI = [0.621; 0.623]), and between dermatomes and traditional actions (γ = 0.446, 95% CI = [0.444; 0.447]), all with P < 0.001. Conclusions The similarity of dermatomes between dual acupoints partially determined the similarity of traditional actions and contemporary indications, therefore dermatomes partially determine the therapeutic efficacy of acupuncture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur S Ferreira
- Laboratory of Computational Simulation and Modelling in Rehabilitation, Postgraduate Program of Rehabilitation Science, Centro Universitário Augusto Motta, Praça das Nações 34, 3º andar , Bonsucesso, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alexandre B Luiz
- School of Acupuncture, Centro Universitário Augusto Motta, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Mousavi A, Vafa M, Neyestani T, Khamseh M, Hoseini F. The effects of green tea consumption on metabolic and anthropometric indices in patients with Type 2 diabetes. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF ISFAHAN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2013; 18:1080-6. [PMID: 24523800 PMCID: PMC3908530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2012] [Revised: 01/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims at investigating the possible effects of different daily doses of green tea (GT) intake for eight weeks on certain anthropometric, metabolic, and oxidative stress biomarkers of diabetic patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS This randomized clinical trial included 63 patients with type 2 diabetes (30 males and 33 females). After a two-week run-in period without green tea, they were randomly assigned into one of the three groups, with a different daily intake of green tea; four cups of green tea per day (n = 24), two cups of green tea per day (n = 25), and the control group (n = 14) with no green tea intake for two months. At baseline and after the intervention, blood tests, dietary, and anthropometric variables were assessed. The patients were instructed to maintain their usual dietary intake and normal physical activity. RESULTS Consumption of four cups of GT per day caused a significant decrease in body weight (73.2 to 71.9) (P < 0.001), body mass index (27.4 to 26.9) (P < 0.001), waist circumference (95.8 to 91.5) (P < 0.001), and systolic blood pressure (126.2 to 118.6) (P < 0.05) in this group. No significant change was seen in the other groups and between group comparisons. The metabolic and oxidative stress parameters did not show any significant differences within and between groups. CONCLUSION Drinking four cups of green tea led to a significant reduction in weight and systolic blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ateke Mousavi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Vafa
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Department of Endocrinology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Address for correspondence: Dr. Mohammadreza Vafa, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Alvand Avenue, Arjantin Square, Tehran, Iran. E-mail:
| | - Tirang Neyestani
- Laboratory of Nutrition Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute (NNFTRI), Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadebrahim Khamseh
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Endocrinology Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Hoseini
- Department of Statistics, School of Management and Medical Information, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Johansson J, Stener-Victorin E. Polycystic ovary syndrome: effect and mechanisms of acupuncture for ovulation induction. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2013; 2013:762615. [PMID: 24073009 PMCID: PMC3773899 DOI: 10.1155/2013/762615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), the most common endocrine disorder among women of reproductive age, is characterized by the coexistence of hyperandrogenism, ovulatory dysfunction, and polycystic ovaries (PCO). PCOS also represents the largest part of female oligoovulatory infertility, and the management of ovulatory and menstrual dysfunction, comprises a third of the high costs of PCOS treatment. Current pharmacological and surgical treatments for reproductive symptoms are effective, however, associated with negative side effects, such as cardiovascular complications and multiple pregnancies. For menstrual irregularities and ovulation induction in women with PCOS, acupuncture has indicated beneficial effects. This review will focus on the results from randomized controlled acupuncture trials for regulation of menstrual dysfunction and for inducing ovulation in women with PCOS although there are uncontrolled trials with nonetheless interesting results. Animal experimental studies will be further discussed when they can provide a more mechanistic explanatory view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Johansson
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 434, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Elisabet Stener-Victorin
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 434, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
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Abstract
Over the last several decades, there has been an explosion of articles on acupuncture, including studies that have begun to explore mechanisms underlying its analgesic and cardiovascular actions. Modulation of cardiovascular function is most effective during manual and low-frequency, low-intensity electroacupuncture (EA) at a select set of acupoints situated along meridians located over deep somatic nerves on the upper and lower extremities. Stimulation at these acupoints activates underlying sensory neural pathways that project to a number of regions in the central nervous system (CNS) that ultimately regulate autonomic outflow and hence cardiovascular function. A long-loop pathway involving the hypothalamus, midbrain, and medulla underlies EA modulation of reflex increases in blood pressure (BP). Actions of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters in the supraspinal CNS underlie processing of the somatic input and adjustment of autonomic outflow during EA. Acupuncture also decreases elevated blood pressure through actions in the thoracic spinal cord. Reflexes that lower BP likewise are modulated by EA through its actions on sympathetic and parasympathetic nuclei in the medulla. The autonomic influence of acupuncture is slow in onset but prolonged in duration, typically lasting beyond the period of stimulation. Clinical studies suggest that acupuncture can be used to treat cardiac diseases, such as myocardial ischemia and hypertension, associated with overactivity of the sympathetic nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Longhurst
- Samueli Center for Integrative Medicine, University of California, Irvine , Irvine, CA
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A randomized clinical trial of auricular point acupressure for chronic low back pain: a feasibility study. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:196978. [PMID: 23554825 PMCID: PMC3603381 DOI: 10.1155/2013/196978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Revised: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Objectives. This prospective, randomized clinical trial (RCT) was designed to investigate the feasibility and effects of a 4-week auricular point acupressure (APA) for chronic low back pain (CLBP). Methods. Participants were randomized to either true APA (true acupoints with taped seeds on the designated ear points for CLBP) or sham APA (sham acupoints with taped seeds but on different locations than those designated for CLBP). The duration of treatment was four weeks. Participants were assessed before treatment, weekly during treatment, and 1 month following treatment. Results. Participants in the true APA group who completed the 4-week APA treatment had a 70% reduction in worst pain intensity, a 75% reduction in overall pain intensity, and a 42% improvement in disability due to back pain from baseline assessment. The reductions of worst pain and overall pain intensity in the true APA group were statistically greater than participants in the sham group (P < 0.01) at the completion of a 4-week APA and 1 month followup. Discussion. The preliminary findings of this feasibility study showed a reduction in pain intensity and improvement in physical function suggesting that APA may be a promising treatment for patients with CLBP.
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Li G, Li S, An L, Wang B. Electroacupuncture alleviates intraoperative immunosuppression in patients undergoing supratentorial craniotomy. Acupunct Med 2013; 31:51-6. [PMID: 23315447 DOI: 10.1136/acupmed-2012-010254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical experience suggests that anaesthesia using a combination of acupuncture and drugs can reduce the dosage of anaesthetics required for craniotomy, decreasing both the disturbance in physiological functions during the operation and postoperative complications and improving the rate of recovery. The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of electroacupuncture (EA) on the dynamic equilibrium of the immune system and immune cell populations during the pericraniotomy period. METHODS A total of 56 patients undergoing craniotomy were randomised into three groups: control (C, n=18), EA (A, n=19) and sham acupuncture (S, n=19) groups. Blood samples were collected before anaesthesia (T0) and 30 min, 2 h and 4 h after induction of anaesthesia (T1, T2 and T3, respectively,) to measure the levels of tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin (IL)-8, IL-10, IgM, IgA, IgG and full blood count. RESULTS There was no significant difference between the measurements in groups A and S during craniotomy. The levels of IgM and IgA decreased significantly in group C compared with groups A and S at T2 and T3 time points. The levels of total T cells and suppressor T cells in group C decreased significantly compared with groups A and S at T1 and T2, and the level of natural killer cells in group C decreased significantly compared with groups A and S at T1. No significant differences between groups were found in the levels of TNFα, IgG, IL-10, IL-8, leucocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, Th cells or B cells. CONCLUSIONS EA appears to reduce immunosuppression of both the humoral and cellular components during surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Tiantan hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Takamoto K, Urakawa S, Sakai K, Ono T, Nishijo H. Effects of Acupuncture Needling with Specific Sensation on Cerebral Hemodynamics and Autonomic Nervous Activity in Humans. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2013; 111:25-48. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-411545-3.00002-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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You Y, Bai L, Dai R, Zhong C, Xue T, Wang H, Liu Z, Wei W, Tian J. Acupuncture induces divergent alterations of functional connectivity within conventional frequency bands: evidence from MEG recordings. PLoS One 2012; 7:e49250. [PMID: 23152881 PMCID: PMC3494681 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
As an ancient Chinese healing modality which has gained increasing popularity in modern society, acupuncture involves stimulation with fine needles inserted into acupoints. Both traditional literature and clinical data indicated that modulation effects largely depend on specific designated acupoints. However, scientific representations of acupoint specificity remain controversial. In the present study, considering the new findings on the sustained effects of acupuncture and its time-varied temporal characteristics, we employed an electrophysiological imaging modality namely magnetoencephalography with a temporal resolution on the order of milliseconds. Taken into account the differential band-limited signal modulations induced by acupuncture, we sought to explore whether or not stimulation at Stomach Meridian 36 (ST36) and a nearby non-meridian point (NAP) would evoke divergent functional connectivity alterations within delta, theta, alpha, beta and gamma bands. Whole-head scanning was performed on 28 healthy participants during an eyes-closed no-task condition both preceding and following acupuncture. Data analysis involved calculation of band-limited power (BLP) followed by pair-wise BLP correlations. Further averaging was conducted to obtain local and remote connectivity. Statistical analyses revealed the increased connection degree of the left temporal cortex within delta (0.5-4 Hz), beta (13-30 Hz) and gamma (30-48 Hz) bands following verum acupuncture. Moreover, we not only validated the closer linkage of the left temporal cortex with the prefrontal and frontal cortices, but further pinpointed that such patterns were more extensively distributed in the ST36 group in the delta and beta bands compared to the restriction only to the delta band for NAP. Psychophysical results for significant pain threshold elevation further confirmed the analgesic effect of acupuncture at ST36. In conclusion, our findings may provide a new perspective to lend support for the specificity of neural expression underlying acupuncture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youbo You
- Intelligent Medical Research Center, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lijun Bai
- Intelligent Medical Research Center, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruwei Dai
- Intelligent Medical Research Center, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chongguang Zhong
- Intelligent Medical Research Center, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Xue
- Life Science Research Center, School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hu Wang
- Intelligent Medical Research Center, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenyu Liu
- Intelligent Medical Research Center, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjuan Wei
- Intelligent Medical Research Center, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Tian
- Intelligent Medical Research Center, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Life Science Research Center, School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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A review of acupoint specificity research in china: status quo and prospects. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:543943. [PMID: 23243454 PMCID: PMC3518822 DOI: 10.1155/2012/543943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2012] [Revised: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The theory of acupoint specificity is the basis for elucidating the actions of acupoints as employed in clinical practice. Acupoint specificity has become a focus of attention in international research efforts by scholars in the areas of acupuncture and moxibustion. In 2006, the Chinese Ministry of Science approved and initiated the National Basic Research Program (973 Program), one area of which was entitled Basic Research on Acupoint Specificity Based on Clinical Efficacy. Using such approaches as data mining, evidence-based medicine, clinical epidemiology, neuroimaging, molecular biology, neurophysiology, and metabolomics, fruitful research has been conducted in the form of literature research, clinical assessments, and biological studies. Acupoint specificity has been proved to exist, and it features meridian-propagated, relative, persistent, and conditional effects. Preliminarily investigations have been made into the biological basis for acupoint specificity.
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Liu YQ, Ma LX, Xing JM, Cao HJ, Wang YX, Tang L, Li M, Wang Y, Liang Y, Pu LY, Yu XM, Guo LZ, Jin JL, Wang Z, Ju HM, Jiang YM, Liu JJ, Yuan HW, Li CH, Zhang P, She YF, Liu JP, Zhu J. Does Traditional Chinese Medicine pattern affect acupoint specific effect? Analysis of data from a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial for primary dysmenorrhea. J Altern Complement Med 2012; 19:43-9. [PMID: 22823583 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2011.0404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study assessed the importance of the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) pattern on an acupoint-specific effect. DESIGN This was a TCM pattern subdivision analysis of the first intervention data from a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial (ISRCTN24863192) (the main trial). SETTINGS The main trial recruited participants from six hospitals in three provinces in China. SUBJECTS Five hundred and one (501) participants diagnosed with primary dysmenorrhea (PD) were enrolled in the main trial. INTERVENTIONS The main trial randomly and equally divided participants into three treatment groups with bilateral electroacupuncture at three sites, respectively: Sanyinjiao (SP6), Xuanzhong (GB39), and an adjacent nonacupoint. Participants were diagnosed with TCM patterns before the treatment. The intervention was carried out when the visual analogue scale (VAS) score of participant's menstrual pain was ≥ 40 mm on the first day of menstruation and lasted for 30 minutes. OUTCOME MEASURES The immediate improvement of pain was measured with a 100-mm VAS before the intervention, at 5 minutes, 10 minutes, and 30 minutes during the intervention, and at 30 minutes after the completion of this intervention. RESULTS Three (3) TCM patterns (n=320) were eligible for analysis, including Cold and Dampness Stagnation pattern (n=184), Qi and Blood Stagnation pattern (n=84), and Qi and Blood Deficiency pattern (n=52). In Cold and Dampness Stagnation pattern, the SP6 group had a significant reduction in VAS scores compared with the GB39 group (mean difference -7.6 mm) and the nonacupoint group (mean difference -8.2 mm), respectively. There was no difference between the latter two groups. There were no group differences in VAS scores in the other two patterns. CONCLUSIONS It suggested that TCM pattern might affect acupoint specific effect on the immediate pain relief obtained for participants with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-qi Liu
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Lee JW, Kim YT, Park JW, Rhee C. Antioxidation activity of oil extracts prepared from various seeds. Food Sci Biotechnol 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-012-0083-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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