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Zhao Y, Li H, Ma X, Meng X, Tang Q. Identification of biomarkers related to angiogenesis in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and prediction of potential drugs. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300790. [PMID: 38935597 PMCID: PMC11210787 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) refers to the secondary damage to myocardial tissue that occurs when blood perfusion is rapidly restored following myocardial ischemia. This process often exacerbates the injury to myocardial fiber structure and function. The activation mechanism of angiogenesis is closely related to MIRI and plays a significant role in the occurrence and progression of ischemic injury. In this study, we utilized sequencing data from the GEO database and employed WGCNA, Mfuzz cluster analysis, and protein interaction network to identify Stat3, Rela, and Ubb as hub genes involved in MIRI-angiogenesis. Additionally, the GO and KEGG analysis of differentially expressed genes highlighted their broad participation in inflammatory responses and associated signaling pathways. Moreover, the analysis of sequencing data and hub genes revealed a notable increase in the infiltration ratio of monocytes and activated mast cells. By establishing key cell ROC curves, using independent datasets, and validating the expression of hub genes, we demonstrated their high diagnostic value. Moreover, by scrutinizing single-cell sequencing data alongside trajectory analysis, it has come to light that Stat3 and Rela exhibit predominant expression within Dendritic cells. In contrast, Ubb demonstrates expression across multiple cell types, with all three genes being expressed at distinct stages of cellular development. Lastly, leveraging the CMap database, we predicted potential small molecule compounds for the identified hub genes and validated their binding activity through molecular docking. Ultimately, our research provides valuable evidence and references for the early diagnosis and treatment of MIRI from the perspective of angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaowei Zhao
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hongyu Li
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiyuan Ma
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xianghong Meng
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Qiang Tang
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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Zhang Y, Yang M, Ho NJ, Mok RY, Zhang Z, Ge B, Leung PC, Fung KP, Lau CBS, Lee VHL, Lin Z, Wong RSM, Zuo Z. Is it safe to take Radix Salvia Miltiorrhiza - Radix Pueraria Lobate product with warfarin and aspirin? A pilot study in healthy human subjects. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 262:113151. [PMID: 32736050 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Radix Salvia Miltiorrhiza (Danshen) and Radix Pueraria Lobate (Gegen) are officially listed in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia and have long been used together as a Compound Chinese Traditional Medicine (CCTM) for treatment of coronary heart diseases, which are often co-administered with aspirin or warfarin to patients suffering from cardiovascular diseases. AIM OF STUDY Since significant pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions between Danshen-Gegen (DG) formula and aspirin/warfarin have been observed in our previous rat studies, the current study was proposed aiming to further verify such pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions in healthy human subjects and explore related mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS A 5-day, multiple dose, five-session clinical trial has been carried out (n = 14) with 2-week washout periods between sessions, during which the subjects would receive different combinations of the medications. Plasma samples were collected for pharmacokinetic evaluation, and whole blood samples were collected for pharmacodynamic evaluation. In addition, an in-vitro mechanistic study is conducted to investigate the role of danshensu on the anti-thrombotic and anti-platelet aggregation effects of warfarin and aspirin respectively. RESULTS Significant pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic herb-drug interactions were observed in healthy human subjects. pharmacokinetically, co-administration of DG with aspirin or warfarin could lead to a moderately increased AUC0→t of aspirin and a decreased AUC0→t of 7-hydroxyl warfarin respectively. The systemic exposure of danshensu (DSS, the marker component of DG) would be significantly increased after co-administration with warfarin. Pharmacodynamically, a reduction in systemic thromboxane B2 concentration was noticed after administration of DG with aspirin, which could be associated with the increased systemic exposure of aspirin and the synergistic effect of danshensu, aspirin and salicylic acid on cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibition. An offset on the warfarin induced soluble thrombomodulin induction was observed after its co-administration with DG, which could be partially attributed to the COX-2 inhibition effect of danshensu. CONCLUSION Our results indicated that co-administration of DG with aspirin/warfarin would lead to significant pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic herb-drug interactions in healthy human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mengbi Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nicolas James Ho
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rosina Yau Mok
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Beikang Ge
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ping Chung Leung
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kwok Pui Fung
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Clara Bik San Lau
- Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Vincent Hon Leung Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhixiu Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong
| | - Raymond Siu Ming Wong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhong Zuo
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China.
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Abd Al Haleem EN, Ahmed SF, Temraz A, El-Tantawy WH. Evaluation of the cardioprotective effect of Casuarina suberosa extract in rats. Drug Chem Toxicol 2019; 45:367-377. [PMID: 31778078 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2019.1696815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to examine and compare the cardioprotective activities of the chloroform and petroleum extracts the leaves of Casuarina suberosa in isoproterenol (ISO)-induced cardiac tissue oxidative stress. Rats were categorized into 6 groups as follows: control group, vehicle or Tween 80-treated group, ISO-treated group, chloroform extract + ISO treated group, petroleum ether extract + ISO treated group and Reference drug (Captopril) + ISO treated group. ISO injection significantly (p < 0.05) increased the activities of cardiac marker enzymes (CK-MB, LDH, ALT, and AST), cardiac troponin-I, levels of lipid peroxides (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), serum angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity and neutrophil infiltration marker; myeloperoxidase (MPO) in the cardiac tissues. Pretreatment with chloroform or petroleum ether extracts significantly (p < 0.05) prevented the ISO-induced alteration; they upregulated VEGF expression. Histopathological findings corroborated biochemical results. These extracts exerted a cardioprotective effect by alleviating oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekram Nemr Abd Al Haleem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Abeer Temraz
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy For Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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Wang L, Ma R, Liu C, Liu H, Zhu R, Guo S, Tang M, Li Y, Niu J, Fu M, Gao S, Zhang D. Salvia miltiorrhiza: A Potential Red Light to the Development of Cardiovascular Diseases. Curr Pharm Des 2018; 23:1077-1097. [PMID: 27748194 PMCID: PMC5421141 DOI: 10.2174/1381612822666161010105242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, also known as Danshen in Chinese, has been widely used to treat cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in China and other Asia countries. Here, we summarize literatures of the historical traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) interpretation of the action of Salvia miltiorrhiza, its use in current clinical trials, its main phytochemical constituents and its pharmacological findings by consulting Pubmed, China Knowledge Resource Integrated, China Science and Technology Journal, and the Web of Science Databases. Since 2000, 39 clinical trials have been identified that used S. miltiorrhiza in TCM prescriptions alone or with other herbs for the treatment of patients with CVD. More than 200 individual compounds have been isolated and characterized from S. miltiorrhiza, which exhibited various pharmacological activities targeting different pathways for the treatment of CVD in various animal and cell models. The isolated compounds may provide new perspectives in alternative treatment regimes and reveal novel chemical scaffolds for the development of anti-CVD drugs. Meanwhile, there are also some rising concerns of the potential side effects and drug-drug interactions of this plant. The insights gained from this study will help us to better understanding of the actions of this herb for management of cardiovascular disorders. As an herb of red root, S. miltiorrhiza will act as a potential red light to prevent the development of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Wang
- Preclinical Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Rufeng Ma
- Preclinical Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Chenyue Liu
- Chinese Material Medica School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Haixia Liu
- Preclinical Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ruyuan Zhu
- Preclinical Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shuzhen Guo
- Preclinical Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Minke Tang
- Chinese Material Medica School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Yu Li
- Preclinical Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jianzhao Niu
- Preclinical Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Min Fu
- The Research Institute of McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Sihua Gao
- Diabetes Research Center, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Dongwei Zhang
- Diabetes Research Center, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
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Shao L, Shen Z, Qian H, Zhou S, Chen Y. Knockdown of miR-629 Inhibits Ovarian Cancer Malignant Behaviors by Targeting Testis-Specific Y-Like Protein 5. DNA Cell Biol 2017; 36:1108-1116. [PMID: 28972400 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2017.3904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is the most lethal gynecological cancer. The molecular mechanism of it is complicated, and numerous researches suggest that microRNAs are key regulators for it. This study was to investigate the pivotal role of miR-629 in the progression of OC and to reveal the possible molecular mechanism of its action. Testis-specific Y-like protein 5 (TSPYL5) is a tumor suppressor gene in various cancers, but there is little for its role in OC. OC OVCAR3 cells were transfected with the miR-629 vector, miR-629 inhibitor, and/or small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting TSPYL5 (si-TSPYL5), respectively. After transfection, cell apoptosis, the ability of migration, and invasion were explored, as well as the level of miR-629 and TSPYL5 protein expression were detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot. Compared with the control, there was increasing of miR-629, and decreasing of TSPYL5 and caspase 3 in OC tissue. Overexpression of miR-629 promoted the cell ability of migration and invasion and reduced OC cell apoptosis. In addition, elevated cancer inhibition ability of TSPYL5 induced by the miR-629 inhibitor was significantly blocked by inhibition of TSPYL5 (si-TSPYL5). All the above results suggested that miR-629 could promote OC proliferation, migration, and invasion by directly suppressing TSPYL5 expression, and inhibition of miR-629 might serve as a therapeutic target for OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Shao
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University , Suzhou, China .,2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The People's Hospital of Suzhou National New & Hi-Tech Development Zone , Suzhou, China .,3 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taixing People's Hospital , Taizhou, China
| | - Zongji Shen
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University , Suzhou, China
| | - Hua Qian
- 3 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taixing People's Hospital , Taizhou, China
| | - Sufang Zhou
- 2 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The People's Hospital of Suzhou National New & Hi-Tech Development Zone , Suzhou, China
| | - Youguo Chen
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University , Suzhou, China
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Xiong Y, Shang B, Xu S, Zhao R, Gou H, Wang C. Protective effect of Bu-zhong-yi-qi decoction, the water extract of Chinese traditional herbal medicine, on 5-fluorouracil-induced renal injury in mice. Ren Fail 2016; 38:1240-8. [DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2016.1209380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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7
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Gou H, Gu LY, Shang BZ, Xiong Y, Wang C. Protective effect of Bu-Zhong-Yi-Qi decoction, the water extract of Chinese traditional herbal medicine, on 5-fluorouracil-induced intestinal mucositis in mice. Hum Exp Toxicol 2016; 35:1243-1251. [PMID: 26801985 DOI: 10.1177/0960327115627686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal mucositis is a serious toxic side effect of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) treatment. Bu-Zhong-Yi-Qi decoction (BZYQD), a water extract of Chinese traditional herbal medicine, is widely used in chemotherapy in Asia as an alternative treatment to reduce the side effects of chemotherapy. However, the mechanism is unknown. To evaluate its mechanism, we investigated the effect of BZYQD on 5-FU-induced intestinal mucositis in mice, especially with regard to apoptosis in the intestinal mucosal epithelia. In the present study, mice were divided into three groups: control, 5-FU, and 5-FU + BZYQD. Mice in the 5-FU and 5-FU + BZYQD groups were administered 5-FU (100 mg/kg/day, intraperitoneally) for 6 days, and the mice in the latter group were given BZYQD (8 g/kg/day, intragastrically) beginning 4 days before 5-FU and continuing until the termination of the experiment. Loss in body weight and diarrhea during the 5-FU treatment were significantly attenuated by administration of BZYQD. The morphological signs of intestinal damage, including shortened villi height, crypt destruction, apoptosis, and necrosis, in intestinal mucosal epithelia were also reversed, accompanied by reduced neutrophil infiltration, nitrite levels, and inflammatory factors (tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin 1β) and increased levels of reduced glutathione. These results suggest that BZYQD inhibits 5-FU-induced intestinal mucositis, and this effect may be due to the reduction in apoptosis and necrosis in intestinal mucosal epithelia via the suppression of inflammatory cytokine upregulation. In conclusion, inhibiting cytokine-mediated apoptosis or necrosis can be the molecular mechanism by which BZYQD reduces the gastrointestinal side effects of cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Gou
- Department of Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for TCM Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Ministry of Education of China (Province-Ministry Co-construct), Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - L Y Gu
- Department of Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for TCM Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Ministry of Education of China (Province-Ministry Co-construct), Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - B Z Shang
- Northeastern Yucai Foreign Language School, Shenyang, China
| | - Y Xiong
- Department of Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for TCM Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Ministry of Education of China (Province-Ministry Co-construct), Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - C Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Basic Medical College, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for TCM Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Ministry of Education of China (Province-Ministry Co-construct), Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
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8
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Zhang Z, Ge B, Zhou L, Lam TN, Zuo Z. Induction of liver cytochrome P450s by Danshen-Gegen formula is the leading cause for its pharmacokinetic interactions with warfarin. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 154:672-686. [PMID: 24832110 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Although the increased usage of herbal medicine leading to herb-drug interactions is well reported, the mechanism of such interactions between herbal medicines with conventionally prescribed drugs such as warfarin is not yet fully understood. Our previous rat in vivo study demonstrated that co-administration of Danshen-Gegen Formula (DGF), a Radix Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen) and Radix Puerariae lobatae (Gegen) containing Chinese medicine formula recently developed for the treatment of cardiovascular disease, with warfarin could cause significant herb-drug interactions. The current study aims to explore the pharmacokinetics-based mechanism of the DGF-warfarin interactions during absorption, distribution and metabolism processes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Caco-2 cell monolayer model and rat in situ intestinal perfusion model were used to study the DGF-warfarin interactions during the intestinal absorption processes. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were orally administered warfarin in presence and absence of DGF for consecutive 5 days. The microsomal activity and expression of the liver CYP isozymes were determined and compared among different treatment groups. Blood from the rats administered DGF was employed to evaluate effects of DGF on the plasma protein binding of warfarin. RESULTS Absorption studies demonstrated that DGF could potentially increase the intestinal absorption of warfarin (32% and 75% increase of warfarin Papp in Caco-2 and intestinal perfusion models, respectively) via altering the regional pH environment in GI tract. DGF administration could lead to significant increase in liver microsomal activity and mRNA expression of CYP1A1 and CYP2B1, indicating the potential induction on the liver metabolism of warfarin by DGF. Moreover, it has been proven by ex vivo study that the single-dose administration of DGF could decrease the protein binding of warfarin in plasma by at least 11.6%. CONCLUSION Collectively, current study demonstrated that DGF could significantly induce the liver phase I metabolism of warfarin, and to a less extent, potentially increase the intestinal absorption and decrease the plasma protein binding of warfarin. The inductive effects of DGF on the liver phase I metabolism of warfarin may be dominantly responsible for the DGF-warfarin pharmacokinetics interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Beikang Ge
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Limin Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Tai-Ning Lam
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Zhong Zuo
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
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Ten years' research on a cardiovascular tonic: a comprehensive approach-from quality control and mechanisms of action to clinical trial. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:319703. [PMID: 24324512 PMCID: PMC3845704 DOI: 10.1155/2013/319703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Revised: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Objective. Mortality arising from cardiovascular pathologies remains one of the highest. Maintenance of cardiovascular health therefore remains a universal concern. Interventional therapies and medications have made impressive advances, but preventive measures would be of the same importance. Method. Ten years' search for a simple herbal formula has resulted in a two-herb combination, consisting of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and Puerariae Lobatae Radix. The formula has been studied extensively on cardiovascular biological platforms and then put on three clinical trials. Results. In the laboratory, the formula was found to have the biological effects of anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, anti-foam cell formation on vascular endothelium, and vasodilation. Clinical trials using ultrasonic carotid intima thickness as a surrogate marker showed very significant benefits. No significant adverse effects were encountered. Conclusion. It is therefore recommended that the herbal formula could be used as an adjuvant therapy in cardiac patients under treatment or as a preventive agent among the susceptible.
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Ramadan G, El-Beih NM, Arafa NMS, Zahra MM. Preventive effects of Egyptian sweet marjoram (Origanum majorana L.) leaves on haematological changes and cardiotoxicity in isoproterenol-treated albino rats. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2013; 13:100-9. [PMID: 23054890 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-012-9189-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We made an attempt to evaluate/compare the cardioprotective activity of two different doses (50 and 100 mg/kg body weight, given orally for 30 consecutive days) of Egyptian sweet marjoram leaf powder (MLP) and marjoram leaf aqueous extract (MLE) against isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial infarcted rats (150 mg/kg body weight, twice at an interval of 24 h on days 29 and 30). The present study showed (probably for the first time) that both MLP and MLE (especially the high dose) significantly alleviated (P < 0.05-0.001) erythrocytosis, granulocytosis, thrombocytosis, shortened clotting time, the increase in relative heart weight, myocardial oxidative stress and the leakage of heart enzymes (creatine phosphokinase (CPK), CPK-MB isoenzyme, lactate dehydrogenase and aminotransferase) in ISO-treated rats through reactivating non-enzymic (reduced glutathione) and enzymic (catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, superoxide dismutase) antioxidant defence system and inhibiting the production of nitric oxide and lipid peroxidation in heart tissues. The modulatory effects of marjoram leaves shown in the present study were dose-dependent in most cases and much higher in MLE (4.3-20.3 % for all parameters taken together). In addition, the doses used in the present study were considered safe. In conclusion, this study may have a significant impact on myocardial infarcted patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamal Ramadan
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbasseya, Cairo 11566, Egypt.
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Lau YT, Ng KM, Lau DT, Wibowo C. Quality assurance of Chinese herbal medicines: Procedure for single-herb extraction. AIChE J 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.14165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yeuk T. Lau
- Dept. of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Clear Water Bay; Hong Kong
| | - Ka M. Ng
- Dept. of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Clear Water Bay; Hong Kong
| | - David T.W. Lau
- Division of Life Science; The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology; Clear Water Bay; Hong Kong
| | - Christianto Wibowo
- ClearWaterBay Technology, Inc.; 4000 W. Valley Boulevard, Suite 100; Pomona; CA; 91789
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Zhou L, Wang S, Zhang Z, Lau BS, Fung KP, Leung PC, Zuo Z. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interaction of Danshen-Gegen extract with warfarin and aspirin. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 143:648-655. [PMID: 22867637 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Revised: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Danshen-Gegen (DG) product has clinically been proven to be an effective agent for heart-tonic efficacy by our previous research. In the mean time, herb-drug interactions between DG product and its commonly co-administered drugs, such as aspirin or warfarin need to be explored to ensure its safe clinical usage. AIM OF THE STUDY Current study aims to investigate whether DG extract interacts with warfarin or aspirin when administered concomitantly to ensure the safety and efficacy of their usage. MATERIAL AND METHODS Five groups of SD rats (n=6/group) received DG alone (0.15 g/kg, human relevant dose), warfarin alone (0.2 mg/kg), warfarin (0.2 mg/kg) in combination with DG (0.15 g/kg), aspirin alone (10.3 mg/kg), or aspirin (10.3 mg/kg) in combination with DG (0.15 g/kg), respectively. DG product was given twice daily for 5 day. Warfain or aspirin were given once daily for 5 day. DG morning doses were given 2 h post that of warfarin/aspirin. Following first dosing on day 5, plasma samples were collected at different time points. For the pharmacodynamic measurement, whole blood was collected at 30 min after DG dosing or at 2.5 h after warfarin/aspirin dosing, and the prothrombin time assay was conducted. RESULTS Co-administration of DG with warfarin could significantly decrease the C(max), AUC and the prothrombin time of warfarin (p<0.05). In the mean time, the C(max) and AUC of danshensu, the active bioavailable component of DG were significantly increased (p<0.01) in presence of warfarin. Co-administration of DG with aspirin could significantly increase the C(max) and AUC of both aspirin (p<0.01) and its metabolite salicylic acid (p<0.01) and significantly decrease the prothrombin time of aspirin (p<0.05). However, the pharmacokinetics parameters of danshensu were not significantly affected by aspirin. CONCLUSION Our animal study indicated that co-administration of DG with warfarin/aspirin can cause significant pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic herb-drug interactions in rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
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Chiu PY, Leung HY, Leong PK, Chen N, Zhou L, Zuo Z, Lam PY, Ko KM. Danshen-Gegen decoction protects against hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced apoptosis by inhibiting mitochondrial permeability transition via the redox-sensitive ERK/Nrf2 and PKCε/mKATP pathways in H9c2 cardiomyocytes. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 19:99-110. [PMID: 21899994 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2011.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Revised: 06/19/2011] [Accepted: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Danshen-Gegen (DG) Decoction, an herbal formulation containing Radix Salviae miltiorrhizae and Radix Puerariae lobatae, has been used for the treatment of coronary artery disease in Chinese medicine. In the present study, the involvement of ERK- and PKCε-mediated pathways in the cytoprotection against apoptosis afforded by DG pretreatment was investigated in H9c2 cardiomyocytes. Pretreatment with a methanol extract of aqueous DG decoction protected against hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced apoptosis in H9c2 cardiomyocytes. The cytoprotection was associated the enhancement of cellular reduced glutathione and a reduced sensitivity to Ca(2+)-induced mitochondrial permeability transition. DG extract increased the production of cytochrome P-450 (CYP)-dependent reactive oxygen species (ROS) in H9c2 cardiomyocytes, which was accompanied by the concomitant activation of ERK1/2 and PKCε. The DG-induced ERK1/2 activation was followed by the translocation of Nrf2 from the cytosol to the mitochondria accompanied by an increase in the expression of glutathione-related antioxidant proteins. In addition, the increased expression of hemeoxygenase-1 was associated with the activation of Akt and BAD, indicative of anti-apoptotic activity. In conclusion, DG treatment activated both ERK/Nrf2 and PKCε pathways, presumably by ROS arising from CYP-catalyzed processes, with resultant inhibition of hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced apoptosis immediately after DG treatment or even after an extended time interval following DG treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po Yee Chiu
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, China
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Deng Y, Ng ESK, Yeung JHK, Kwan YW, Lau CBS, Koon JCM, Zhou L, Zuo Z, Leung PC, Fung KP, Lam FFY. Mechanisms of the cerebral vasodilator actions of isoflavonoids of Gegen on rat isolated basilar artery. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 139:294-304. [PMID: 22120017 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2011] [Revised: 09/12/2011] [Accepted: 11/12/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Gegen (root of Pueraria lobata) is used in traditional Chinese medicine for treatment of cardiovascular diseases. In this study, the relaxant actions of three of its isoflavonoids; puerarin, daidzein, and daidzin, were investigated on rat-isolated cerebral basilar artery. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rat basilar artery rings were precontracted with 100 nM U46619. Involvement of endothelium-dependent mechanisms was investigated by mechanical removal of the endothelium and inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes. Adenylyl cyclase- and guanylyl cyclase-dependent pathways were investigated using their respective inhibitors 9-(tetrahydro-2-furanyl)-9H-purine-6-amine (SQ22536) and 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo [4,3-[alpha]]-quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ). K(+) channels were investigated by pretreatment of the artery rings with various K(+) channel inhibitors, and Ca(2+) channels were investigated in artery rings incubated with Ca(2+)-free buffer and primed with 100 nM U46619 for 5 min prior to adding CaCl(2) to elicit contraction. RESULTS Puerarin, daidzein, and daidzin produced concentration-dependent relaxation of the artery rings with concentration that produced 50% inhibition (IC(50)) of 304 ± 49 μM, 20 ± 7 μM, and 140 ± 21 μM, respectively. Removal of the endothelium produced no change on their vasorelaxant responses except the maximum response (I(max)) to puerarin was inhibited by 28%. The NOS inhibitor N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; 100 μM) also produced 45% inhibition on the puerarin-induced vasorelaxant response, but not the COX inhibitor flurbiprofen (10 μM). SQ22536 (100 μM) and ODQ (100μM) did not affect the vasodilator responses to puerarin, daidzein and daidzin, but glibenclamide (1μM), tetraethylammonium (TEA, 100mM) or a combination of K(+) channel inhibitors (100nM iberiotoxin+1mM 4-aminopyridine+100 μM barium chloride+1 μM glibenclamide+100mM TEA) reduced their I(max). The contractile response to CaCl(2) was attenuated by 61% and 34% in the presence of daidzein and daidzin, respectively, whereas, puerarin did not significantly affect the contraction. CONCLUSIONS The vasorelaxant action of daidzein and daidzin involved opening of K(+) channels and inhibition of Ca(2+) influx in the vascular smooth muscle cells. There is no evidence supporting involvement of endothelium-derived relaxing factors (EDRFs) in their actions. In contrast, puerarin produced vasodilatation via an endothelium-dependent mechanism involving nitric oxide production and an endothelium-independent pathway mediated by the opening of K(+) channels. The cerebral vasodilator activities of all these three isoflavonoids may be beneficial to patients with obstructive cerebrovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Deng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Fong CC, Wei F, Chen Y, Yu WK, Koon CM, Leung PC, Fung KP, Lau CBS, Yang M. Danshen-Gegen decoction exerts proliferative effect on rat cardiac myoblasts H9c2 via MAPK and insulin pathways. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 138:60-66. [PMID: 21907783 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2011] [Revised: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 08/14/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Danshen (root of Salvia miltiorrhiza) and Gegen (roots of Pueraria lobata) are traditional Chinese medicines that have been used in combination for cardiovascular disease treatment. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study was performed to investigate the effect of Danshen-Gegen decoction on rat myocardium cell line H9c2 and the possible molecular mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rat heart myocardium H9c2 cells were treated with or without Danshen-Gegen decoction (DG) ranging from 10 to 1000μg/ml for 24h. Cell viability was measured by Alarma blue assay and cell proliferation assay was performed by BrdU Cell Proliferation ELISA kit. The activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase and insulin pathways was analyzed by Luminex technology and the growth factors and cytokine expression of H9c2 cells induced by DG was evaluated by protein array. Moreover, a rat functional specific cDNA microarray was constructed to study the gene expression profiles of H9c2 cells upon the DG treatment at 50μg/ml for 24h. RESULTS DG promoted H9c2 cell viability and cell proliferation at dose-dependent manner within the range between 0 and 250μg/ml. A Bio-Plex assay kit (Bio-Rad Bioscience) was used to detect the expression level of phosphoprotein as well as total proteins involved in the MAPK and insulin pathways. Significant phosphorylation of ERK, c-Jun, JNK, p38, AKT, IGF-IR, IRS-1and I kappa B were observed after DG treatment at 2h or 4h. A rat cytokine antibody array was used to detect and quantify 22 growth factors and cytokines in samples collected from the control and DG treated H9c2 cells. In the category of growth factors, GM-CSF, CNIF and b-NGF were stimulated by DG, while the expression of TIMP-1 was suppressed. For cytokine expression, it was found that DG stimulated three interleukin subclasses, IL-1α, 1X and 6, respectively. However, the expression of pro-inflammatory factors such as TNF-α and IFN-γ were down-regulated significantly. Moreover, the microarray analysis revealed that DG significantly up-regulated anti-apoptosis related genes such as Cdkn2c and Ppp3ca, and several cardiovascular disease suppressers and anti-inflammatory mediators; on the other hand, pro-apoptotic related genes including Caspase and Tnf-α were down-regulated by DG. Based on the results, a tentative scheme was proposed to show that the activation of the MAPK and insulin pathways are involved in the bioactive effect of Danshen-Gegen decoction on cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSION Our study suggested that Danshen-Gegen decoction has proliferative effect on myocardium cells via MAPK and insulin signaling pathways. The molecular mechanism of the action may include the up-regulation of IRS/AKT and JNK pathways as well as the inhibition of TNF and p38 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Chun Fong
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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