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Turner EM, Wilkening G, Hutaff-Lee C, Wolfe KR. From Evidence-Based Guidelines to Clinical Practice: Pediatric Neuropsychology Care in Multidisciplinary Clinics. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2024; 39:547-556. [PMID: 38205830 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acad099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE High demand for pediatric neuropsychological care has highlighted the time- and resource-intensive nature of traditional comprehensive evaluations. Emerging care models address these constraints by facilitating tiered neuropsychological services provided in various contexts, including multidisciplinary clinics (MDCs). We aim to demonstrate feasibility and acceptability of tiered neuropsychological care in MDCs through examples from a single institution. METHODS A review of all current MDC practices at a tertiary pediatric care center was conducted to describe clinic workflow, services provided, and triage strategies. Pediatric neuropsychologists (n = 5) and other health care providers (n = 31) completed a survey focused on experience with neuropsychology consultation in MDCs. RESULTS Neuropsychologists provided care in 11 MDCs, including universal monitoring with consultative interviews and questionnaires, as well as targeted screening. Neuropsychologists (89%) and other health professionals (100%) reported that tiered neuropsychological services improved patient care within MDCs. Other health professionals reported utilizing results from neuropsychology MDC care to inform their clinical approach (48-90%), referrals (58%), and treatment or surveillance decisions (55-71%). CONCLUSION Tiered neuropsychological care in pediatric MDCs is feasible, and provider experience ratings indicate high acceptability. Practical steps for development of MDCs are provided, including identifying teams, clinic goals and outcomes, operational logistics, and billing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise M Turner
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neurology, Children's Hospital Colorado/University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Greta Wilkening
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neurology, Children's Hospital Colorado/University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Christa Hutaff-Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neurology, Children's Hospital Colorado/University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kelly R Wolfe
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neurology, Children's Hospital Colorado/University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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2
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Scala I, Brodosi L, Rovelli V, Noto D, Burlina A. Management of patients with phenylketonuria (PKU) under enzyme replacement therapy: An Italian model (expert opinion). Mol Genet Metab Rep 2024; 39:101065. [PMID: 38425869 PMCID: PMC10899016 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2024.101065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a metabolic disorder necessitating lifelong management to prevent severe neurological impairments. This paper synthesises clinical practices from Italian specialist centres to delineate a unified approach for administering pegvaliase, a novel enzyme replacement therapy for PKU. Methods Virtual meetings convened in September 2022, gathering a steering committee (SC) of experts from five Italian centres specialising in PKU. The SC reviewed, and discussed clinical practices, and formulated recommendations for pegvaliase treatment. Results The SC outlined a comprehensive treatment roadmap for PKU management with pegvaliase, emphasising the importance of multidisciplinary care teams, patient selection, pre-treatment evaluation, and education. Recommendations include initial hospital-based pegvaliase administration, regular monitoring of phenylalanine and tyrosine levels, dietary adjustments, and management of adverse events. A consensus was reached on the need for a digital database to manage treatment plans and enhance communication between healthcare professionals and patients. Conclusion The expert panel's consensus highlights the complexity of PKU management and the necessity for a coordinated, patient-centred approach. The recommendations aim to standardise care across Italian centres and provide a framework for integrating pegvaliase therapy into clinical practice, potentially informing international guidelines. Further research is warranted to evaluate the long-term impact of these practices on patient outcomes and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Scala
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Maternal and Child Health, “Federico II” University Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia Brodosi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, “Alma Mater” University, Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
- Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism Unit, IRCCS AOUBO, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Rovelli
- Clinical Department of Pediatrics, University of Milan, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Noto
- Department of Health Promotion, Maternal and Child Health, Internal and Specialized Medicine of Excellence "G. D. Alessandro" (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Alberto Burlina
- Division of Inborn Metabolic Diseases, Department of Diagnostic Services, University Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy
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Kuypers AM, Vliet KEV, MacDonald A, Ahring K, Abeln D, Ford S, Hildebrandt-Karlsen S, van Spronsen FJ, Heiner-Fokkema MR. Satisfaction with home blood sampling methods and expectations for future point-of-care testing in phenylketonuria: Perspectives from patients and professionals. Mol Genet Metab 2024; 142:108361. [PMID: 38442492 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2024.108361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Phenylketonuria (PKU) requires regular phenylalanine monitoring to ensure optimal outcome. However, home sampling methods used for monitoring suffer high pre-analytical variability, inter-laboratory variability and turn-around-times, highlighting the need for alternative methods of home sampling or monitoring. METHODS A survey was distributed through email and social media to (parents of) PKU patients and professionals working in inherited metabolic diseases in Denmark, The Netherlands, and United Kingdom regarding satisfaction with current home sampling methods and expectations for future point-of-care testing (POCT). RESULTS 210 parents, 156 patients and 95 professionals completed the survey. Countries, and parents and patients were analysed together, in absence of significant group differences for most questions. Important results are: 1) Many patients take less home samples than advised. 2) The majority of (parents of) PKU patients are (somewhat) dissatisfied with their home sampling method, especially with turn-around-times (3-5 days). 3) 37% of professionals are dissatisfied with their home sampling method and 45% with the turn-around-times. 4) All responders are positive towards developments for POCT: 97% (n = 332) of (parents of) patients is willing to use a POC-device and 76% (n = 61) of professionals would recommend their patients to use a POC-device. 5) Concerns from all participants for future POC-devices are costs/reimbursements and accuracy, and to professionals specifically, accessibility to results, over-testing, patient anxiety, and patients adjusting their diet without consultation. CONCLUSION The PKU community is (somewhat) dissatisfied with current home sampling methods, highlighting the need for alternatives of Phe monitoring. POCT might be such an alternative and the community is eager for its arrival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allysa M Kuypers
- Section of Metabolic Diseases, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Kimber Evers-van Vliet
- Section of Metabolic Diseases, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Anita MacDonald
- Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Steelhouse Lane, Birmingham B4 6NH, UK
| | | | | | - Suzanne Ford
- The National Society for Phenylketonuria (NSPKU), Richard House, Lancashire, UK
| | | | - Francjan J van Spronsen
- Section of Metabolic Diseases, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - M Rebecca Heiner-Fokkema
- Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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Cannizzo S, Quoidbach V, Giunti P, Oertel W, Pastores G, Relja M, Turchetti G. The COVID-19 pandemic impact on continuity of care provision on rare brain diseases and on ataxias, dystonia and PKU. A scoping review. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2024; 19:81. [PMID: 38383420 PMCID: PMC10880288 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-023-03005-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
One of the most relevant challenges for healthcare providers during the COVID- 19 pandemic has been assuring the continuity of care to patients with complex health needs such as people living with rare diseases (RDs). The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the healthcare sector's digital transformation agenda. The delivery of telemedicine services instead of many face-to-face procedures has been expanded and, many healthcare services not directly related to COVID-19 treatments shifted online remotely. Many hospitals, specialist centres, patients and families started to use telemedicine because they were forced to. This trend could directly represent a good practice on how care services could be organized and continuity of care could be ensured for patients. If done properly, it could boast improved patient outcomes and become a post COVID-19 major shift in the care paradigm. There is a fragmented stakeholders spectrum, as many questions arise on: how is e-health interacting with 'traditional' healthcare providers; about the role of the European Reference Networks (ERNs); if remote care can retain a human touch and stay patient centric. The manuscript is one of the results of the European Brain Council (EBC) Value of Treatment research project on rare brain disorders focusing on progressive ataxias, dystonia and phenylketonuria with the support of Academic Partners and in collaboration with European Reference Networks (ERNs) experts, applying empirical evidence from different European countries. The main purpose of this work is to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the continuity of care for ataxias, dystonia and phenylketonuria (PKU) in Europe. The analysis carried out makes it possible to highlight the critical points encountered and to learn from the best experiences. Here, we propose a scoping review that investigates this topic, focusing on continuity of care and novel methods (e.g., digital approaches) used to reduce the care disruption. This scoping review was designed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR) standards. This work showed that the implementation of telemedicine services was the main measure that healthcare providers (HCPs) put in place and adopted for mitigating the effects of disruption or discontinuity of the healthcare services of people with rare neurological diseases and with neurometabolic disorders in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Cannizzo
- Institute of Management, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Paola Giunti
- Ataxia Centre, Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | | | - Gregory Pastores
- National Centre for inherited Metabolic Disorders, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Maja Relja
- University of Zagreb Medical School, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Giuseppe Turchetti
- Institute of Management, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy.
- Fulbright Scholar, Institute of Management, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libertà, 33, 56127, Pisa, Italy.
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Burlina A, Biasucci G, Carbone MT, Cazzorla C, Paci S, Pochiero F, Spada M, Tummolo A, Zuvadelli J, Leuzzi V. Italian national consensus statement on management and pharmacological treatment of phenylketonuria. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2021; 16:476. [PMID: 34784942 PMCID: PMC8594187 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-021-02086-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a rare inherited metabolic disorder caused by defects in the phenylalanine-hydroxylase gene (PAH), the enzyme catalyzing the conversion of phenylalanine to tyrosine. PAH impairment causes phenylalanine accumulation in the blood and brain, with a broad spectrum of pathophysiological and neurological consequences for patients. Prevalence of disease varies, with peaks in some regions and countries, including Italy. A recent expert survey described the real-life of clinical practice for PKU in Italy, revealing inhomogeneities in disease management, particularly concerning approach to pharmacotherapy with sapropterin hydrochloride, analogous of the natural PAH co-factor, allowing disease control in a subset of patients. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to continue the work initiated with the expert survey paper, to provide national guidances aiming to harmonize and optimize patient care at a national level. PARTICIPANTS The Consensus Group, convened by 10 Steering Committee members, consisted of a multidisciplinary crowd of 46 experts in the management of PKU in Italy. CONSENSUS PROCESS The Steering Committee met in a series of virtual meeting in order to discuss on clinical focuses to be developed and analyzed in guidance statements, on the basis of expert practice based evidence, large systematic literature review previously performed in the expert survey paper, and evidence based consensus published. Statements were re-discussed and refined during consensus conferences in the widest audience of experts, and finally submitted to the whole consensus group for a modified-Delphi voting. RESULTS Seventy three statements, divided in two main clinical areas, PKU management and Pharmacotherapy, achieved large consensus in a multidisciplinary group of expert in different aspects of disease. Importantly, these statements involve guidances for the use of sapropterin dihydrochloride, still not sufficiently implemented in Italy, and a set of good practice to approach the use of novel enzyme replacement treatment pegvaliase. CONCLUSIONS This evidence-based consensus provides a minimum set of guidances for disease management to be implemented in all PKU centers. Moreover, these guidances represent the first statement for sapropterin dihydrochloride use, implementation and standardization in Italy, and a guide for approaching pegvaliase treatment at a national level on a consistent basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Burlina
- Division of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Reference Center for Expanded Newborn Screening, DIDAS Servizi Di Diagnostica Integrata, University Hospital Padova, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Giacomo Biasucci
- Maternal and Child Health Department, Pediatrics and Neonatology Unit, Guglielmo da Saliceto Hospital, 29121, Piacenza, Italy.
| | - Maria Teresa Carbone
- Pediatric Division, Metabolic and Rare Diseases, Santobono Pausilipon Hospital, 80122, Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Cazzorla
- Division of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Reference Center for Expanded Newborn Screening, DIDAS Servizi Di Diagnostica Integrata, University Hospital Padova, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Sabrina Paci
- Paediatric Department, ASST Santi Paolo E Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, 20142, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Pochiero
- Metabolic and Muscular Unit, A. Meyer Children's Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Marco Spada
- Department of Pediatrics, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, University of Torino, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Albina Tummolo
- Metabolic Diseases Department, Clinical Genetics and Diabetology, Giovanni XXIII Children's Hospital, 70126, Bari, Italy
| | - Juri Zuvadelli
- Paediatric Department, ASST Santi Paolo E Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, 20142, Milan, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Leuzzi
- Department of Human Neuroscience, Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, University La Sapienza, 00185, Rome, Italy
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van Wegberg AMJ, MacDonald A, Abeln D, Hagedorn TS, Lange E, Trefz F, van Vliet D, van Spronsen FJ. Patient's thoughts and expectations about centres of expertise for PKU. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2021; 16:2. [PMID: 33407655 PMCID: PMC7789756 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-020-01647-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the Netherlands (NL) the government assigned 2 hospitals as centres of expertise (CE) for Phenylketonuria (PKU), while in the United Kingdom (UK) and Germany no centres are assigned specifically as PKU CE's. METHODS To identify expectations of patients/caregivers with PKU of CEs, a web-based survey was distributed through the national Phenylketonuria societies of Germany, NL and UK. RESULTS In total, 105 responded (43 patients, 56 parents, 4 grandparents, 2 other) of whom 59 were from NL, 33 from UK and 13 from Germany. All participants (n = 105) agreed that patients and/or practitioners would benefit from CEs. The frequency patients would want to visit a CE, when not treated in a CE (n = 83) varied: every hospital visit (24%, n = 20), annual or bi-annual (45%, n = 37), at defined patient ages (6%, n = 5), one visit only (22%, n = 18), or never (4%, n = 3). Distance was reported as a major barrier (42%, n = 35). 78% (n = 65) expected CE physicians and dieticians to have a higher level of knowledge than in non-CE centres. For participants already treated in a CE (n = 68), 66% requested a more extensive annual or bi-annual review. In general, psychology review and neuropsychologist assessment were identified as necessary by approximately half of the 105 participants. In addition, 66% (n = 68) expected a strong collaboration with patient associations. CONCLUSION In this small study, most participants expected that assigning CEs will change the structure of and delivery of Phenylketonuria care.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M J van Wegberg
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - A MacDonald
- Dietetic Department, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, B4 6NH, UK
| | - D Abeln
- Dutch Society for PKU, Tiel, The Netherlands
| | - T S Hagedorn
- Deutsche Interessengemeinschaft Phenylketonurie, Fürth, Germany
| | - E Lange
- National Society for Phenylketonuria United Kingdom, Preston, UK
| | - F Trefz
- University Children's Hospital, Dietmar Hopp Metabolic Centre, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D van Vliet
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - F J van Spronsen
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Repeat-dose animal toxicity studies and genotoxicity study with deactivated alkaline serine protease (DASP), a protein low in phenylalanine (PHE). Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 146:111839. [PMID: 33137426 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an autosomal recessive inherited disorder affecting one in every 10,000 to 15,000 newborn children in the US each year. PKU patients' metabolism of an essential amino acid, phenylalanine (PHE), is impaired, resulting in concentrations of PHE in the circulating blood and brain that are potentially toxic. Individuals with PKU restrict dietary intakes of PHE by consuming medical foods formulated with low PHE concentrations. In this study, an alkaline serine protease (ASP) expressed in Bacillus licheniformis strain 2709, which is composed of >90% protein with a concentration of <0.25% PHE, was heat deactivated (becoming deactivated ASP (DASP)) and evaluated for safe use as an ingredient in foods, including medical foods. DASP was non-mutagenic with and without metabolic activation up to 5000 μg DASP/plate. 14-Day dietary studies supported a Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD) of 115000 ppm DASP. In a 90-day dietary toxicity study, CRL SD CD® rats were administered 0, 28750, 57500, 115500 ppm DASP in the diet. No DASP-related adverse effects were observed at the high dose. As such, a No Observable Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) of 115,500 ppm DASP or 6224.1 mg DASP/kg bw/day (males) and 7500.9 mg DASP/kg bw/day (females) was established.
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Sousa C, Almeida MF, Sousa Barbosa C, Martins E, Janeiro P, Tavares de Almeida I, MacDonald A, Rocha JC. The European Phenylketonuria Guidelines and the challenges on management practices in Portugal. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2019; 32:623-629. [PMID: 31141484 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2018-0527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Phenylketonuria (PKU) management practices differ between and within countries. In 2007, the Portuguese Society for Metabolic Disorders (SPDM) approved the Portuguese Consensus (PC) for the nutritional treatment of PKU. The recently published European PKU Guidelines (EPG, 2017) systematically reviewed recent evidence and aimed to harmonise treatment protocols in Europe. The objective of this study was to appraise the EPG acceptance and implementation in Portuguese treatment centres. Methods An electronic questionnaire was prepared and the link was sent to 135 SPDM members. It outlined the 10 EPG key recommendations and compared each statement with the consensus recommendations published by SPDM. Responses were recorded and descriptive analyses were performed. Results Twenty-five professionals completed the questionnaire, and over half (56%) were nutritionists/dieticians. At least one questionnaire from each of the 10 national treatment centres was returned. In general, responders accepted most of the recommendations. However, only the recommendation about target phenylalanine (Phe) concentrations between 120 and 360 μmol/L for patients <12 years received 100% consensus with a further seven recommendations gaining over 70% consensus. Almost half of the professionals (48%, n = 12) required further discussion about the EPG-safe upper target blood Phe concentration (600 μmol/L) suggested for patients aged ≥12 years. Almost one third (32%, n = 8) failed to agree with the recommendation in the EPG-proposed classification of Phe hydroxylase (PAH) deficiency. Conclusions The EPG received overall good acceptance, but there was divided opinion about some recommendations which require further discussion before implementation by the Portuguese treatment centres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cátia Sousa
- Centro de Genética Médica, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto - CHUP, Porto, Portugal.,Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuela Ferreira Almeida
- Centro de Genética Médica, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto - CHUP, Porto, Portugal.,Centro de Referência na área de Doenças Hereditárias do Metabolismo, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto - CHUP, Porto, Portugal.,Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, Abel Salazar Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto-UMIB/ICBAS/UP, Porto, Portugal
| | - Catarina Sousa Barbosa
- Centro de Genética Médica, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto - CHUP, Porto, Portugal.,Faculdade de Ciências da Nutrição e Alimentação da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Esmeralda Martins
- Centro de Referência na área de Doenças Hereditárias do Metabolismo, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto - CHUP, Porto, Portugal.,Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, Abel Salazar Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto-UMIB/ICBAS/UP, Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Janeiro
- Reference Centre for the Treatment of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, CHULN, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | | | - Júlio César Rocha
- Centro de Genética Médica, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto - CHUP, Porto, Portugal.,Centro de Referência na área de Doenças Hereditárias do Metabolismo, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto - CHUP, Porto, Portugal.,Centro de Genética Médica, Doutor Jacinto de Magalhães, CHUP, EPE, Praça Pedro Nunes 88, 4099-028 Porto, Portugal.,Center for Health Technology and Services Research [CINTESIS], Porto, Portugal
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9
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Ceberio L, Hermida Á, Venegas E, Arrieta F, Morales M, Forga M, Gonzalo M. Phenylketonuria in the adult patient. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/21678707.2019.1633914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Ceberio
- Inborn metabolic disease unit, Internal Medicine Service, Hospital Universitario de Cruces, Baracaldo, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - Álvaro Hermida
- Unit of Diagnosis and Treatment of Congenital Metabolic Diseases, Internal Medicine Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Eva Venegas
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, C.U.S.R Congenital Metabolic Disease, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Francisco Arrieta
- Departament Endocrinology Metabolism and Nutrion, C.U.S.R Congenital Metabolic Disease, CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Ramón y Cajal Health Research Institute (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Montserrat Morales
- Inborn Metabolic Disease Service, C.S.U.R of Congenital Metabolic Diseases, Internal Medicine Service, Hospital 12 de octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Forga
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Gonzalo
- UGC Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Instituto de Biomedicina de Málaga (IBIMA) & CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas asociadas (CIBERDEM), Málaga, Spain
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Tejada-Ortigosa EM, Flores-Rojas K, Moreno-Quintana L, Muñoz-Villanueva MC, Pérez-Navero JL, Gil-Campos M. Health and socio-educational needs of the families and children with rare metabolic diseases: Qualitative study in a tertiary hospital. ANALES DE PEDIATRÍA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anpede.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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11
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Rocha JC, MacDonald A. Treatment options and dietary supplements for patients with phenylketonuria. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/21678707.2018.1536541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Júlio César Rocha
- Centro de Genética Médica, Centro Hospitalar do Porto - CHP, Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal
- Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Porto, Portugal
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12
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Mazzucato M, Visonà Dalla Pozza L, Minichiello C, Manea S, Barbieri S, Toto E, Vianello A, Facchin P. The Epidemiology of Transition into Adulthood of Rare Diseases Patients: Results from a Population-Based Registry. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E2212. [PMID: 30309015 PMCID: PMC6210512 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15102212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background: Despite the fact that a considerable number of patients diagnosed with childhood-onset rare diseases (RD) survive into adulthood, limited information is available on the epidemiology of this phenomenon, which has a considerable impact both on patients' care and on the health services. This study describes the epidemiology of transition in a population of RD patients, using data from the Veneto Region Rare Diseases Registry (VRRDR), a web-based registry monitoring since 2002 a consistent number of RD in a defined area (4.9 million inhabitants). Methods: Longitudinal cohorts of patients born in the years 1988 to 1998 and enrolled in the VRRDR in their paediatric age were identified. Data referred to this group of patients, experiencing transition from paediatric to adult age during the years 2006⁻2016, are presented. Results: 2153 RD patients (44.1% females and 55.9% males) passed from childhood to adulthood in the study period, corresponding to a 3-fold increase from 2006 to 2016. The majority of these patients was affected by congenital anomalies (32.0%), by hematologic diseases (15.9%), eye disorders (12.1%) and neoplasms (7.9%). RD patients who experienced transition from paediatric age to adulthood represent the 9.2% of adult patients enrolled in the Registry at 31 December 2016. Conclusions: We described a subset of RD young adults experiencing transition into adulthood. The data reported can be considered as minimum values for estimating the size of this increasing population presenting specific transition needs. These figures are valuable for clinicians, patients and health planners. Public policy interventions are needed in order to promote dedicated care transition pathways in the broader framework of health policies devoted to RD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Mazzucato
- Rare Diseases Coordinating Center, Rare Diseases Registry, Veneto Region, 35100 Padua, Italy.
| | | | - Cinzia Minichiello
- Rare Diseases Coordinating Center, Rare Diseases Registry, Veneto Region, 35100 Padua, Italy.
| | - Silvia Manea
- Rare Diseases Coordinating Center, Rare Diseases Registry, Veneto Region, 35100 Padua, Italy.
| | - Sara Barbieri
- Rare Diseases Coordinating Center, Rare Diseases Registry, Veneto Region, 35100 Padua, Italy.
| | - Ema Toto
- Rare Diseases Coordinating Center, Rare Diseases Registry, Veneto Region, 35100 Padua, Italy.
| | - Andrea Vianello
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padua, 35100 Padua, Italy.
| | - Paola Facchin
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padua, 35100 Padua, Italy.
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13
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Hofman DL, Champ CL, Lawton CL, Henderson M, Dye L. A systematic review of cognitive functioning in early treated adults with phenylketonuria. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2018; 13:150. [PMID: 30165883 PMCID: PMC6117942 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-018-0893-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Even though early dietary management of phenylketonuria (PKU) successfully prevents severe neurological impairments, deficits in cognitive functioning are still observed. These deficits are believed to be the result of elevated levels of phenylalanine throughout life. Research on cognitive functioning in adults with PKU (AwPKU) often focuses on domains shown to be compromised in children with PKU, such as attention and executive functions, whereas other cognitive domains have received less attention. This systematic review aimed to provide an overview of cognitive functioning across domains examined in early treated (ET) AwPKU. METHODS A systematic search was performed in Ovid MEDLINE(R), PsycINFO, Web of Science, Cochrane, Scopus, Embase, ScienceDirect, and PubMed for observational studies on cognitive performance in ET AwPKU. RESULTS Twenty-two peer-reviewed publications, reporting on outcomes from 16 studies were reviewed. Collectively, the results most consistently showed deficits in vigilance, working memory and motor skills. Deficits in other cognitive domains were less consistently observed or were understudied. Furthermore, despite reports of several associations between cognitive performance and phenylalanine (Phe) levels throughout life the relationship remains unclear. Inconsistencies in findings across studies could be explained by the highly heterogeneous nature of study samples, resulting in large inter- and intra-variability in Phe levels, as well as the use of a variety of tests across cognitive domains, which differ in sensitivity. The long-term cognitive outcomes of early and continuous management of PKU remain unclear. CONCLUSIONS To better understand the development of cognitive deficits in ET AwPKU, future research would benefit from 1) (inter)national multicentre-studies; 2) more homogeneous study samples; 3) the inclusion of other nutritional measures that might influence cognitive functioning (e.g. Phe fluctuations, Phe:Tyrosine ratio and micronutrients such as vitamin B12); and 4) careful selection of appropriate cognitive tests.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mick Henderson
- Biochemical Genetics, Specialist Laboratory Medicine, St James’s University Hospital, Block 46, Leeds, LS9 7TF UK
| | - Louise Dye
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT UK
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14
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Tejada-Ortigosa EM, Flores-Rojas K, Moreno-Quintana L, Muñoz-Villanueva MC, Pérez-Navero JL, Gil-Campos M. [Health and socio-educational needs of the families and children with rare metabolic diseases: Qualitative study in a tertiary hospital]. An Pediatr (Barc) 2018; 90:42-50. [PMID: 29853433 DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rare diseases are a challenge for public health due to the lack of information on their magnitude. These include inborn errors of metabolism. The objective of this study was to assess the quality of life and social, health, economic, and educational needs of a group of paediatric patients with inborn errors of metabolism attended to in a hospital. MATERIAL AND METHOD A questionnaire was developed based on the needs and expectations, based mainly on the Andalusian Plan for Rare Diseases. An analysis was performed on the variables of health, socioeconomic, and educational needs of 65 paediatric patients with inborn errors of metabolism. RESULTS The respondents showed few possibilities to cope with medication (61%), special diet (86%), and other health benefits (79%). Just under half of them (43%) believed that the quality of family life had been greatly reduced since the onset of the disease. The main caregiver was the mother in 61.5% of cases, compared to 1.5% of cases in which it was the father. The primary caregivers had to reduce their working hours or give up their job in 77% of cases. CONCLUSIONS The multidisciplinary treatment is affected by the inability of families to cope with a high cost, as well as with difficult access to these resources. In addition, there is great impact on the quality of life of patients, and their caregivers. Therefore, there is a need to evaluate the results of government health and socio-economic support plans for patients with rare diseases, and make a real response to their needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva María Tejada-Ortigosa
- Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Universidad de Córdoba, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, España
| | - Katherine Flores-Rojas
- Unidad de Metabolismo Infantil, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Universidad de Córdoba, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Córdoba, España
| | - Laura Moreno-Quintana
- Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Universidad de Córdoba, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, España
| | - María Carmen Muñoz-Villanueva
- Unidad de Metodología de la Investigación, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, España
| | - Juan Luis Pérez-Navero
- Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Universidad de Córdoba, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, España
| | - Mercedes Gil-Campos
- Unidad de Metabolismo Infantil, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Universidad de Córdoba, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Córdoba, España.
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15
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van Wegberg AMJ, MacDonald A, Ahring K, Bélanger-Quintana A, Blau N, Bosch AM, Burlina A, Campistol J, Feillet F, Giżewska M, Huijbregts SC, Kearney S, Leuzzi V, Maillot F, Muntau AC, van Rijn M, Trefz F, Walter JH, van Spronsen FJ. The complete European guidelines on phenylketonuria: diagnosis and treatment. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2017; 12:162. [PMID: 29025426 PMCID: PMC5639803 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-017-0685-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 411] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an autosomal recessive inborn error of phenylalanine metabolism caused by deficiency in the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase that converts phenylalanine into tyrosine. If left untreated, PKU results in increased phenylalanine concentrations in blood and brain, which cause severe intellectual disability, epilepsy and behavioural problems. PKU management differs widely across Europe and therefore these guidelines have been developed aiming to optimize and standardize PKU care. Professionals from 10 different European countries developed the guidelines according to the AGREE (Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation) method. Literature search, critical appraisal and evidence grading were conducted according to the SIGN (Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network) method. The Delphi-method was used when there was no or little evidence available. External consultants reviewed the guidelines. Using these methods 70 statements were formulated based on the highest quality evidence available. The level of evidence of most recommendations is C or D. Although study designs and patient numbers are sub-optimal, many statements are convincing, important and relevant. In addition, knowledge gaps are identified which require further research in order to direct better care for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. M. J. van Wegberg
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Beatrix Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, PO BOX 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - A. MacDonald
- Dietetic Department, Birmingham Children’s Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - K. Ahring
- Department of PKU, Kennedy Centre, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - A. Bélanger-Quintana
- Metabolic Diseases Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Hospital Ramon y Cajal Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - N. Blau
- University Children’s Hospital, Dietmar-Hoppe Metabolic Centre, Heidelberg, Germany
- University Children’s Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - A. M. Bosch
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Metabolic Disorders, Academic Medical Centre, University Hospital of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A. Burlina
- Division of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - J. Campistol
- Neuropaediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F. Feillet
- Department of Paediatrics, Hôpital d’Enfants Brabois, CHU Nancy, Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France
| | - M. Giżewska
- Department of Paediatrics, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolic Diseases and Cardiology of the Developmental Age, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - S. C. Huijbregts
- Department of Clinical Child and Adolescent Studies-Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Faculty of Social Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - S. Kearney
- Clinical Psychology Department, Birmingham Children’s Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - V. Leuzzi
- Department of Paediatrics, Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Via dei Sabelli 108, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - F. Maillot
- CHRU de Tours, Université François Rabelais, INSERM U1069, Tours, France
| | - A. C. Muntau
- University Children’s Hospital, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M. van Rijn
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Beatrix Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, PO BOX 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - F. Trefz
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J. H. Walter
- Medicine, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - F. J. van Spronsen
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Beatrix Children’s Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, PO BOX 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
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16
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van Spronsen FJ, van Wegberg AM, Ahring K, Bélanger-Quintana A, Blau N, Bosch AM, Burlina A, Campistol J, Feillet F, Giżewska M, Huijbregts SC, Kearney S, Leuzzi V, Maillot F, Muntau AC, Trefz FK, van Rijn M, Walter JH, MacDonald A. Key European guidelines for the diagnosis and management of patients with phenylketonuria. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2017; 5:743-756. [PMID: 28082082 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(16)30320-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We developed European guidelines to optimise phenylketonuria (PKU) care. To develop the guidelines, we did a literature search, critical appraisal, and evidence grading according to the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network method. We used the Delphi method when little or no evidence was available. From the 70 recommendations formulated, in this Review we describe ten that we deem as having the highest priority. Diet is the cornerstone of treatment, although some patients can benefit from tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4). Untreated blood phenylalanine concentrations determine management of people with PKU. No intervention is required if the blood phenylalanine concentration is less than 360 μmol/L. Treatment is recommended up to the age of 12 years if the phenylalanine blood concentration is between 360 μmol/L and 600 μmol/L, and lifelong treatment is recommended if the concentration is more than 600 μmol/L. For women trying to conceive and during pregnancy (maternal PKU), untreated phenylalanine blood concentrations of more than 360 μmol/L need to be reduced. Treatment target concentrations are as follows: 120-360 μmol/L for individuals aged 0-12 years and for maternal PKU, and 120-600 μmol/L for non-pregnant individuals older than 12 years. Minimum requirements for the management and follow-up of patients with PKU are scheduled according to age, adherence to treatment, and clinical status. Nutritional, clinical, and biochemical follow-up is necessary for all patients, regardless of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francjan J van Spronsen
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
| | - Annemiek Mj van Wegberg
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Kirsten Ahring
- Department of PKU, Kennedy Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
| | | | - Nenad Blau
- University Children's Hospital, Dietmar-Hoppe Metabolic Centre, Heidelberg, Germany; University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Annet M Bosch
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Metabolic Disorders, Academic Medical Centre, University Hospital of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Alberto Burlina
- Division of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Jaime Campistol
- Neuropaediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francois Feillet
- Department of Pediatrics, Hôpital d'Enfants Brabois, CHU Nancy, Vandoeuvre les Nancy, France
| | - Maria Giżewska
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolic Diseases and Cardiology of the Developmental Age, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Stephan C Huijbregts
- Department of Clinical Child and Adolescent Studies-Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Faculty of Social Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Shauna Kearney
- Clinical Psychology Department, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Vincenzo Leuzzi
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francois Maillot
- Internal Medicine Service, CHRU de Tours, François Rabelais University, Tours, France
| | - Ania C Muntau
- University Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fritz K Trefz
- University Children's Hospital, Dietmar-Hoppe Metabolic Centre, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Margreet van Rijn
- Department of Dietetics, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - John H Walter
- Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Anita MacDonald
- Dietetic Department, Birmingham Children's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
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17
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Dietary patterns, cost and compliance with low-protein diet of phenylketonuria and other inherited metabolic diseases. Eur J Clin Nutr 2017; 72:87-92. [PMID: 28656971 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2017.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Phenylketonuria (PKU) and several other inherited metabolic diseases (IMD) require a lifelong low-protein diet (LPD), otherwise they lead to many health complications. LPDs, however, carry a significant economic burden for patients and their families. The objective of this study was to explore the costs of low-protein foods (LPFs) necessary for LPD as well as dietary patterns and compliance towards an LPD. SUBJECTS/METHODS A detailed questionnaire was created in cooperation with National Association of PKU and other IMD (NSPKU), and consequently sent to all NSPKU members treated with an LPD (n=303). A total of 184 respondents from the Czech Republic were included in the study (174 had PKU, 10 had other IMD). RESULTS The average daily consumption of LPF was equal to 411.7 g (PKU) and 345.6 g (other IMD), which corresponds to energy value of 5558 kJ and 4438 kJ, respectively, per patient per day. Patients mostly consumed low-protein flour (≈30% of energy intake), pasta (≈18%), basic pastry (≈15%) and sweets (≈10%). The average monthly costs of LPDs were equal to [euro ]130 (PKU) and [euro ]129 (other IMD) per patient per month. The compliance with LPD was decreasing with increasing age (P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS This is the largest study examining costs and dietary patterns of LPDs in patients with PKU and the first study of this kind in other IMD patients requiring an LPD. The study clearly showed that an LPD carries a very high economic burden for families, which may lead to less LPD compliance and potential severe health consequences.
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18
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[Phenotypic and molecular characterization of a Colombian family with phenylketonuria]. BIOMEDICA 2016; 36:390-396. [PMID: 27869385 DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.v36i3.2639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Phenylketonuria is a metabolic disorder characterized by severe neurological involvement and behavioral disorder, whose early diagnosis enables an effective treatment to avoid disease sequelae, thus changing the prognosis. Objective: To characterize a family with phenylketonuria in Colombia at clinical, biochemical and molecular levels. Materials and methods: The population consisted of seven individuals of a consanguineous family with four children with suggestive symptoms of phenylketonuria. After signing an informed consent, blood and urine samples were taken for colorimetric tests and high performance liquid and thin layer chromatographies. DNA extraction and sequencing of the 13 exons of the PAH gene were performed in all subjects. We designed primers for each exon with the Primer 3 software using automatic sequencing equipment Abiprism 3100 Avant. Sequences were analyzed using the SeqScape, v2.0, software. Results: We described the clinical and molecular characteristics of a Colombian family with phenylketonuria and confirmed the presence of the mutation c.398_401delATCA. We established a genotype-phenotype correlation, highlighting the interesting clinical variability found among the affected patients despite having the same mutation in all of them. Conclusions: Early recognition of this disease is very important to prevent its neurological and psychological sequelae, given that patients reach old age without diagnosis or proper management.
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19
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Kocova M, Anastasovska V. Phenylketonuria screening in the Republic of Macedonia. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2016; 11:112. [PMID: 27496147 PMCID: PMC4975894 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-016-0483-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenylketonuria is an autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism which can be prevented by early and continuous treatment. Therefore newborn screening for phenylketonuria has been introduced in many countries. We present here the results of the selective newborn screening for inborn errors of metabolism, including PKU, performed by tandem mass spectrometry which has been introduced in Macedonia since 2011.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjana Kocova
- Department of Endocrinology and Genetics, University Children’s Hospital, Vodnjanska 17, Skopje, 1000 Republic of Macedonia
| | - Violeta Anastasovska
- Laboratory for neonatal screening, University Children’s Hospital, Vodnjanska 17, Skopje, 1000 Republic of Macedonia
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20
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Pena MJ, de Almeida MF, van Dam E, Ahring K, Bélanger-Quintana A, Dokoupil K, Gokmen-Ozel H, Lammardo AM, MacDonald A, Robert M, Rocha JC. Protein substitutes for phenylketonuria in Europe: access and nutritional composition. Eur J Clin Nutr 2016; 70:785-9. [PMID: 27117930 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2016.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Protein substitutes (PS) are an essential component in the dietary management of phenylketonuria (PKU). PS are available as phenylalanine-free amino-acid mixtures (AAM), glycomacropeptide-based PS (GMP) and large neutral amino acids (LNAA). There is a lack of information regarding their availability in different countries and comparison of their nutritional composition is limited. The objectives of this study were to identify the number of PS available in different European countries and Turkey and to compare their nutritional composition. SUBJECTS/METHODS Members of the European Nutritionist Expert Panel on PKU (ENEP) (Portugal, Spain, Belgium, Italy, Germany, Netherlands, United Kingdom, Denmark and Turkey) provided data on PS available in each country. The nutritional composition of PS available in Portugal was analyzed. RESULTS The number of PS available in each country varied from 30 (Turkey) to 105 (Germany), with a median of 64. GMP was available only in Portugal, whereas LNAA was an option in Portugal, Italy, Turkey and Denmark. Some PS were designed for weaning. Many PS did not contain added fat and fiber. GMP contained the highest carbohydrate (CHO) and energy content as well as higher LNAA content compared with AAM. Only one AAM contained added fructo-oligosaccharides and galacto-oligosaccharides. AAM designed for the first year of life had the highest CHO, fat and LNAA contribution. Liquid AAM had lower CHO and fat contents compared with powdered AAM, but contained higher LNAA. CONCLUSIONS There was widely dissimilar numbers of PS available in different countries. Nutritional composition of different PS was variable and should be considered before prescription.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Pena
- Centro de Genética Médica, Centro Hospitalar do Porto (CHP), Porto, Portugal
| | - M F de Almeida
- Centro de Genética Médica, Centro Hospitalar do Porto (CHP), Porto, Portugal.,Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - E van Dam
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Beatrix Children's Hospital, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - K Ahring
- Department of PKU, Kennedy Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - A Bélanger-Quintana
- Unidad Enfermedades Metabolicas Servicio de Pediatria Hospital Ramon y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - K Dokoupil
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - H Gokmen-Ozel
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - A M Lammardo
- Department of Pediatrics, San Paolo Hospital University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - M Robert
- Nutrition and Metabolism Unit, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Brussels, Belgium
| | - J C Rocha
- Centro de Genética Médica, Centro Hospitalar do Porto (CHP), Porto, Portugal.,Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal.,Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Porto, Portugal
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21
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Diagnostic and management practices for phenylketonuria in 19 countries of the South and Eastern European Region: survey results. Eur J Pediatr 2016; 175:261-72. [PMID: 26350228 PMCID: PMC4724370 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-015-2622-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED To avoid potentially severe outcomes, phenylketonuria (PKU) must be detected as soon as possible after birth and managed with life-long treatment. A questionnaire-based survey was performed to document diagnosis and management practices for PKU in a region of Southern and Eastern Europe. Prevalence and management data were obtained from 37/59 (63 %) centres within 19/22 (86%) contacted countries (N = 8600 patients). The main results' analysis was based on completed questionnaires obtained from 31 centres (53%) within 15 countries (68%). A median of 10 % of patients per centre had been diagnosed after the newborn period. Metabolic dieticians and specialised adult PKU clinics were lacking in 36 and 84% of centres, respectively. In 26% of centres, treatment initiation was delayed until >15 days of life. Blood phenylalanine (Phe) thresholds to start treatment and upper Phe targets were inconsistent across centres. Ten percent of centres reported monitoring Phe every 2 weeks for pregnant women with PKU, which is insufficient to minimise risk of neonatal sequalae. Sapropterin dihydrochloride treatment was available in 48% of centres, with 24-h responsiveness tests most common (36%). Only one centre among the five countries lacking newborn screening provided a completed questionnaire. CONCLUSION Targeted efforts by health care professionals and governments are needed to optimise diagnostic and management approaches for PKU in Southern and Eastern Europe. WHAT IS KNOWN PKU must be detected early and optimally managed throughout life to avoid poor outcomes, yet newborn screening is not universal and diagnostic and management practices for PKU are known to vary widely between different centres and countries. Targeted efforts by health care professionals and governments are needed to optimise diagnostic and management approaches. WHAT IS NEW PKU management practices are documented in 19 South and Eastern European countries indicating a heterogeneous situation across the region. Key areas for improvement identified in surveyed centres include a need for comprehensive screening in all countries, increased number of metabolic dietitians and specialised adult PKU clinics, delayed time to treatment initiation, appropriate Phe thresholds, Phe targets and monitoring frequencies, and universal access to currently available treatment options.
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Brown CS, Lichter-Konecki U. Phenylketonuria (PKU): A problem solved? Mol Genet Metab Rep 2015; 6:8-12. [PMID: 27014571 PMCID: PMC4789336 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a rare metabolic disorder characterized by impaired conversion of phenylalanine (Phe) to tyrosine. If left untreated, the resultant accumulation of excess blood Phe can cause physiological, neurological, and intellectual disabilities. The National PKU Alliance (NPKUA) conducted a survey of its membership to assess current health status and interest in new treatments for PKU. Of the 625 survey respondents, less than half (46.7%) reported blood Phe within (120–360 μmol/L) — the range recommended by the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG). The survey results also showed that younger (≤ 18 years) individuals were about 3-times as successful in keeping their blood Phe concentrations within the recommended clinical range compared with adults. Blood Phe over 360 μmol/L was reported in one-quarter (25.5%) of ≤ 18 year old individuals and almost two-thirds (61.5%) of adults. A little more than half (51.7%) of respondents reported having difficulty in managing their PKU, including the maintenance of a Phe-restricted diet. Individuals with PKU desire new treatments that would allow them to increase their intake of natural protein, discontinue or reduce their intake of medical foods (medical formula and foods modified to be low in protein), improve their mental health (including a reduction in depression and anxiety), and a reduction of their blood Phe concentrations. Respondents preferred oral administration of any newly developed therapies and, in general, disliked therapeutic injections. Injections at home were preferred over injections at a clinic. Payers, government agencies, clinicians, and industry partners should consider patient input when developing and approving new therapies and treatments for PKU.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Uta Lichter-Konecki
- Section of Neurology, St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, Dept. of Pediatrics, Drexel University College of Medicine, United States
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Pena MJ, Almeida MF, van Dam E, Ahring K, Bélanger-Quintana A, Dokoupil K, Gokmen-Ozel H, Lammardo AM, MacDonald A, Robert M, Rocha JC. Special low protein foods for phenylketonuria: availability in Europe and an examination of their nutritional profile. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2015; 10:162. [PMID: 26693706 PMCID: PMC4688958 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-015-0378-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Special low protein foods (SLPF) are essential in the nutritional management of patients with phenylketonuria (PKU). The study objectives were to: 1) identify the number of SLPF available for use in eight European countries and Turkey and 2) analyse the nutritional composition of SLPF available in one of these countries. METHODS European Nutritionist Expert Panel on PKU (ENEP) members (Portugal, Spain, Belgium, Italy, Germany, Netherlands, UK, Denmark and Turkey) provided data on SPLF available in each country. The nutritional composition of Portuguese SLPF was compared with regular food products. RESULTS The number of different SLPF available in each country varied widely with a median of 107 [ranging from 73 (Portugal) and 256 (Italy)]. Food analysis of SLPF available from a single country (Portugal) indicated that the mean phenylalanine content was higher in low protein baby cereals (mean 48 mg/100 g) and chocolate/energy bars/jelly (mean 41 mg/100 g). The energy content of different foods from a sub-group of SLPF (cookies) varied widely between 23 and 96 kcal/cookie. Low protein bread had a high fat content [mean 5.8 g/100 g (range 3.7 to 10)] compared with 1.6 g/100 g in regular bread. Seven of the 12 SLPF sub-groups (58 %) did not declare any vitamin content, and only 4 (33 %) identified a limited number of minerals. CONCLUSIONS Whilst equal and free access to all SLPF is desirable, the widely variable nutritional composition requires careful nutritional knowledge of all products when prescribed for individual patients with PKU. There is a need for more specific nutritional standards for special low protein foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria João Pena
- Centro de Genética Médica Doutor Jacinto de Magalhães, CHP EPE, Praça Pedro Nunes, 88, 4099-028, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Manuela Ferreira Almeida
- Centro de Genética Médica Doutor Jacinto de Magalhães, CHP EPE, Praça Pedro Nunes, 88, 4099-028, Porto, Portugal. .,Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, Abel Salazar Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto-UMIB/ICBAS/UP, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Esther van Dam
- Beatrix Children's Hospital, University of Groningen, University Medical Center' Groningen Netherlands, Groningen, Netherlands.
| | | | - Amaya Bélanger-Quintana
- Unidad Enfermedades Metabolicas Servicio de Pediatria Hospital Ramon y Cajal, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Katharina Dokoupil
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Hulya Gokmen-Ozel
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Anna Maria Lammardo
- Department of Pediatrics, San Paolo Hospital University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | | | - Martine Robert
- Nutrition and Metabolism Unit, Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Júlio César Rocha
- Centro de Genética Médica Doutor Jacinto de Magalhães, CHP EPE, Praça Pedro Nunes, 88, 4099-028, Porto, Portugal. .,Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal. .,Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Porto, Portugal.
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Zerjav Tansek M, Groselj U, Angelkova N, Anton D, Baric I, Djordjevic M, Grimci L, Ivanova M, Kadam A, Kotori V, Maksic H, Marginean O, Margineanu O, Miljanovic O, Moldovanu F, Muresan M, Nanu M, Samardzic M, Sarnavka V, Savov A, Stojiljkovic M, Suzic B, Tincheva R, Tahirovic H, Toromanovic A, Usurelu N, Battelino T. Phenylketonuria screening and management in southeastern Europe - survey results from 11 countries. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2015; 10:68. [PMID: 26025111 PMCID: PMC4451731 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-015-0283-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to assess the current state of PKU screening and management in the region of southeastern Europe. METHODS A survey was performed involving all identified professionals responsible for the PKU management in the 11 countries from South-Eastern region of Europe (Albania, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Kosovo, Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia). The questionnaire was designed to assess the characteristics regarding PKU management in three main areas: nation-wide characteristics, PKU screening, and characteristics of the PKU management in the responding centre. It consisted of 56 questions. The distribution and collection of the questionnaires (via e-mail) was taking place from December 2013 to March 2014. RESULTS Responses from participants from 11 countries were included; the countries cumulative population is approx. 52.5 mio. PKU screening was not yet introduced in 4 of 11 countries. Reported PKU incidences ranged from 1/7325 to 1/39338 (and were not known for 5 countries). National PKU guidelines existed in 5 of 11 countries and 7 of 11 countries had PKU registry (registries included 40 to 194 patients). The number of PKU centers in each country varied from 1 to 6. Routine genetic diagnostics was reported in 4 of 11 countries. Most commonly used laboratory method to assess phenylalanine levels was fluorometric. Tetrahydrobiopterine was used in only 2 of 11 countries. Most frequently, pediatricians were caring for the patients. Dietitian was a member of PKU team in only 4 of 11 countries, while regular psychological assessments were performed in 6 of 11 countries. Patient's PKU society existed in 7 of 11 countries. CONCLUSIONS The region of southeastern Europe was facing certain important challenges of PKU screening and management. Neonatal PKU screening should be introduced throughout the region. Furthermore, PKU management was falling behind internationally established standards-of-care in many aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojca Zerjav Tansek
- University Children's Hospital Ljubljana, UMC Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Urh Groselj
- University Children's Hospital Ljubljana, UMC Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | | | - Dana Anton
- Clinical Hospital for Children "Sfanta Maria", Iasi, Romania.
| | - Ivo Baric
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia. .,School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Maja Djordjevic
- Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Lindita Grimci
- University Hospital Center "Mother Teresa", Tirana, Albania.
| | | | - Adil Kadam
- University Pediatric Hospital Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Vjosa Kotori
- Pediatric Clinic, University Clinical Center Pristina, Pristina, Kosovo.
| | - Hajrija Maksic
- University Clinical Center Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
| | | | | | - Olivera Miljanovic
- Institute for Sick Children, Clinical Center of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro.
| | | | - Mariana Muresan
- Clinical Hospital for Children "Iuliu Hateganu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Michaela Nanu
- Mother and Child Health Care Institute "Alfred Rusescu", Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Mira Samardzic
- Institute for Sick Children, Clinical Center of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro.
| | - Vladimir Sarnavka
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | | | - Maja Stojiljkovic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Biljana Suzic
- Children Hospital Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
| | | | - Husref Tahirovic
- Department of Medical Sciences, Academy of Sciences and Arts of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
| | - Alma Toromanovic
- Department of Pediatrics, University Clinical Center Tuzla, Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
| | - Natalia Usurelu
- Institute of Mother and Child, Centre of Reproductive Health and Medical Genetics, Chisinau, Moldova.
| | - Tadej Battelino
- University Children's Hospital Ljubljana, UMC Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia. .,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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